Department of

Computer Science and Engineering

Title: Implementation of MySQL Aggregate

Function

Database System Lab

CSE 210

Green University of Bangladesh

1 Objective(s)
• Gather knowledge about the aggregate function.
• Implement different types of aggregate functions AVG, COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, UCASE, LCASE,
FLOOR etc.

2 Problem analysis
We mainly use the aggregate functions in databases, spreadsheets and many other data manipulation software
packages. In the context of business, different organization levels need different information such as top lev-
els managers interested in knowing whole figures and not the individual details. These functions produce the
summarised data from our database. Thus they are extensively used in economics and finance to represent the
economic health or stock and sector performance.

MySQL aggregate functions

Aggregate function Description

AVG() Return the average of non-NULL values.

BIT_AND() Return bitwise AND.
BIT_OR() Return bitwise OR.
BIT_XOR() Return bitwise XOR.
COUNT() Return the number of rows in a group, including rows
with NULL values.
GROUP_CONCAT() Return a concatenated string.
JSON_ARRAYAGG() Return result set as a single JSON array.
JSON_OBJECTAGG() Return result set as a single JSON object.
MAX() Return the highest value (maximum) in a set of non-
NULL values.
MIN() Return the lowest value (minimum) in a set of non-
NULL values.
STDEV() Return the population standard deviation.
STDDEV_POP() Return the population standard deviation.
STDDEV_SAMP() Return the sample standard deviation.
SUM() Return the summation of all non-NULL values a set.
VAR_POP() Return the population standard variance.
VARP_SAM() Return the sample variance.
VARIANCE() Return the population standard variance.
SQL functions are similar to SQL operators in that both manipulate data items and both return a result.
SQL functions differ from SQL operators in the format in which they appear with their arguments. The SQL
function format enables functions to operate with zero, one, or more arguments.
function(argument1, argument2, ...) alias
If passed an argument whose datatype differs from an expected datatype, most functions perform an implicit
datatype conversion on the argument before execution. If passed a null value, most functions return a null value.
SQL functions are used exclusively with SQL commands within SQL statements. There are two general
types of SQL functions: single row (or scalar) functions and aggregate functions. These two types differ in the
number of database rows on which they act. A single row function returns a value based on a single row in a
query, whereas an aggregate function returns a value based on all the rows in a query.

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 Single row SQL functions can appear in select lists (except in SELECT statements that contain a GROUP
BY clause) and WHERE clauses.
Aggregate functions are the set functions: AVG, MIN, MAX, SUM, and COUNT. You must provide them
with an alias that can be used by the GROUP BY function.

2.1 Using Mathematical Function

Relational databases store information in tables — with columns that are analogous to elements in a data
structure and rows which are one instance of that data structure. The SQL language is used to interact with
that database information.
The SQL aggregate functions — AVG, COUNT, DISTINCT, MAX, MIN, SUM — all return a value com-
puted or derived from one column’s values, after discarding any NULL values. The syntax of all these functions
is:

• AVG() The AVG() function calculates the average value of a set of values. It ignores NULL in the
calculation.

SELECT column1, column2, ... AVG (column1) FROM table_name

• SUM(): The SUM() function returns the sum of values in a set. The SUM() function ignores NULL. If
no matching row found, the SUM() function returns NULL.
To get the total order value of each product, you can use the SUM() function in conjunction with the
GROUP BY clause as follows:

SELECT column1, column2, ... SUM (column1) FROM table_name

• MAX(): The MAX() function returns the maximum value in a set. For example, you can use the MAX()
function to get the highest buy price from the products table as shown in the following query:

SELECT column1, column2, ... MAX (column1) FROM table_name

• MIN(): The MIN() function returns the minimum value in a set of values. Code language: MySQL
(Structured Query Language) (MySQL) For example, the following query uses the MIN() function to find
the lowest price from the products table:

SELECT column1, column2, ... MIN (column1) FROM table_name

• Count(): MySQL count() function returns the total number of values in the expression. This function
produces all rows or only some rows of the table based on a specified condition, and its return type is
BIGINT. It returns zero if it does not find any matching rows. It can work with both numeric and non-
numeric data types.

SELECT column1, column2, ... COUNT (column1) FROM table_name

2.2 Using Text /String Functions:)

1. CHAR() : It returns a string made up of the ASCII representation of the decimal value list. Strings in
numeric format are converted to a decimal value. Null values are ignored.
2. CONCAT() :It returns argument str1concatenated with argument str2
SELECT CONCAT (column1, column12) FROM table_name

3. LOWER()/LCASE():It returns argument str, with all letters in lowercase.

SELECT LOWER (column1, column12) FROM table_name

4. SUBSTR(): Check by yourself.

5. UPPER()/UCASE(): Check by yourself.

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 6. LTRIM(): Check by yourself.

7. RTRIM(): Check by yourself.

8. TRIM(): Check by yourself.
9. INSTR(): Check by yourself.
10. LENGTH(): Check by yourself.

11. LEFT(): Check by yourself.

12. RIGHT(): Check by yourself.
13. MID(): Check by yourself.

3 Procedure (Implementation in MySQL)

1. Create a table product_order_info

• Insert Data:
CREATE TABLE ‘product_order_info’(
product_no int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
product_name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
product_type enum(‘electronics’, ‘stationary’ , ‘food’ , ‘beverage’ ) DEFAULT NULL,
product_price FLOAT(10,2) NOT NULL,
product_quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL,
order_date datetime NOT NULL, DEFAULT current_timestamp,
PRIMARY KEY(product_no)
);

• Insert Multiple VALUES at a time:

INSERT INTO product_order_info (product_no, product_name, product_type, product_price„

product_quantity)
VALUES (101,‘Laptop’ , ‘electronics’ ,67000,‘1’),
(null,‘Mobile’,‘electronics’ ,23500,‘1’),
(null,‘Watch’ , ‘electronics’ ,8650,‘2’),
(null,‘Butter’, ‘stationary’, 50, ‘5’),
(null,‘Coca-cola’,‘beverage’ , 35, ‘2’),
(null,‘Seven-Up’, ‘beverage’, 55, ‘1’);

• AVG function
SELECT AVG(product_price) avg_product_price FROM product_order_info;

OR

SELECT AVG(product_price) avg_product_price AS avg_product_price FROM prod-

uct_order_info;

• COUNT function returns the number of the rows in a table.

SELECT COUNT(product_no) AS total_order FROM product_order_info;

• COUNT function returns the number of the rows in a table.

SELECT COUNT() product_type, product_name, product_price FROM product_order_info
GROUP BY product_type= ‘electronics’;

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 • COUNT function returns the number of the rows of specific items.
SELECT COUNT(*) product_type, product_name, product_price FROM product_order_info
WHERE product_type= ‘electronics’;

• To get the total sales of each product,

SELECT product_no, product_name, product_price, product_quantity, SUM(product_price ×
product_quantity) AS total_per_product FROM product_order_info GROUP BY product_no;

• MAX function returns the maximum value in a set of values.

SELECT MAX(product_price) max_price FROM product_order_info;

• MIN function returns the minimum value in a set of values.

SELECT MIN(product_price) max_price FROM product_order_info;

2. Using LENGTH(), UCASE/ UPPER CASE(), LCASE/ LOWER CASE(), MID(), ROUND/
FLOOR/ CELLING(), CONCAT():
• MySQL LENGTH function
SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
LENGTH(product_price) FROM product_order_info ;

Example-2:

SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price
FROM product_order_info WHERE LENGTH(product_price)>5;

• UCASE function

SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
UCASE(product_price) FROM product_order_info ;

• LCASE function

SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
LCASE(product_price) FROM product_order_info ;

• FLOOR function
SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
FLOOR(product_price) FROM product_order_info ;

• CELLING function
SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
CEIL(product_price) FROM product_order_info ;

• ROUND function
SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
ROUND(product_price) FROM product_order_info ;

• MID function
SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
MID(product_price,1,3) FROM product_order_info ;

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 • CONCAT function
SELECT product_no,product_name,product_price,
CONCAT(product_name, ’ ’, product_type) FROM product_order_info ;

3. Sorting data using ORDER BY, GROUP BY try by yourself

4 Discussion & Conclusion

In summary, this experiment makes a brief analysis of the Aggregate Function implemented by MySQL 8.0 from
the source level.Aggregate Function saves the intermediate values of corresponding calculation results without
GROUP BY by defining member variables, saves the keys and aggregated values of corresponding GROUP
BY by using Temp Table with GROUP BY, and introduces the optimization methods of some Aggregate
Functions.Of course, there are two important types of aggregation here: ROLL UP and WINDOWS functions,
which will be introduced separately in future chapters due to space limitations.I hope this article can help
readers understand the implementation of MySQL Aggregate Function.

5 Lab Task (Please implement yourself and show the output to the
instructor)
• Task-1:

Figure 1: Employees Table Information

1. Input multiple data existing employees database or your existing database table.
2. Write a SQL query for searching employees average age, maximum, minimum salary.
3. Write a SQL statement to find the average purchase amount of all orders.
4. Implement UCASE, LCASE, MID, FLOOR, CELLING, LENGTH function.
5. Which department are paid most and which department are paid less Salary?

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6 Lab Exercise (Submit as a report)

Figure 2: Employees Table Information

1. Write a query to list the number of jobs available in the employees table.
2. Write a query to get the minimum salary from employees table.
3. Write a query to get the maximum salary of an employee working as a Programmer.

4. Write a query to get the average salary for each job ID excluding programmer.
5. Attach with query codes and with output screenshots in the report.

7 Policy
Copying from internet, classmate, seniors, or from any other source is strongly prohibited. 100% marks will be
deducted if any such copying is detected.

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