READING 4.

Reading for Gist: Identifying the

main idea or key concept of each
What is Reading?
paragraph.
• Defined as the ability to interpret
5. Scanning: Rapidly previewing a
and derive meaning from texts.
text to locate specific information
• NAEP Definition: An active, or understand structure.
complex process involving:
6. Skimming: Quickly reviewing a
1. Understanding written text. text to get an overview or find
relevance.
2. Developing and
interpreting meaning. Strategies for Reading
Comprehension
3. Using the meaning based
on context, purpose, and 1. Using Prior
type of text. Knowledge/Previewing: Helps
connect new ideas to existing
Reading Proficiency Levels knowledge.
• Basic: Partial mastery of 2. Predicting: Making educated
prerequisite skills. guesses about the content.
• Proficient: Solid academic 3. Identifying Main Ideas and
performance; mastery of grade- Summarizing: Determining
appropriate material. what’s important and restating it in
• Advanced: Superior performance your own words.
and deep understanding. 4. Questioning: Asking questions to
Key Terms in Reading clarify understanding.

1. Active Reading: Strategies like 5. Making Inferences: Drawing

annotation, note-taking, and conclusions based on clues in the
selective highlighting for better text.
engagement and recall. 6. Visualizing: Creating mental
2. Critical Reading: Evaluating images to improve recall and
relevance and validity by asking understanding.
questions about the content and Comprehension Strategies for
purpose. Narrative Texts
3. Deep Reading (Close Reading): • Story Maps: Diagram elements
Going beyond the surface to like setting, characters, plot, and
explore narrative elements and theme.
context.
• Retelling: Summarizing the story
in your own words.
 • Answering Questions: Using o Simple: One independent
text evidence to answer literal or clause.
inferential questions.
o Compound: Two
• Prediction: Anticipating independent clauses joined
outcomes based on titles or by conjunctions.
illustrations.
o Complex: One
independent clause + one
or more dependent
ANTI-DISTRACTION APPLICATIONS
clauses.
• Anti-Social: Blocks distracting
Punctuation and Capitalization
websites on Mac and Windows.
• Common Punctuation Rules:
• Cold Turkey: Blocks
websites/apps with options for o Commas: Separate items
breaks; free on all browsers. in a list or clauses.
• Freedom: Temporarily cuts o Semi-colons: Link
internet access for focused work; independent but related
available for a fee. clauses.
o Quotation marks: Denote
direct speech.
WRITING
o Apostrophes: Show
Writing Proficiency
possession or contractions.
• Writing is key for
communication—whether to
persuade, entertain, or connect Paragraph Development
with others.
1. Introduction: Grabs attention,
• Requires grammar, spelling, transitions from general to
punctuation, and capitalization specific, and states a clear thesis.
mastery.
2. Body:
Grammar Essentials
o Topic sentence for each
1. Eight Parts of Speech: paragraph.
o Verbs, nouns, pronouns, o Logical ordering
adjectives, adverbs, (chronological, spatial, or
prepositions, conjunctions, emphatic).
interjections.
o Support ideas with
2. Sentence Structure: examples and evidence.
 3. Conclusion: Restates arguments Functions of Communication
and leaves a strong final
1. Connects and brings people
impression.
together.
2. Shares ideas, opinions, and
VOCABULARY AND SPELLING feelings.
Vocabulary Development 3. Preserves culture and fosters
harmonious relationships.
• Receptive Vocabulary: Words
we understand. 4. Serves as a basis for decision-
making and learning.
• Productive Vocabulary: Words
we use in writing and speaking. Barriers to Communication
• Learn new words through reading • The Speaker: Mannerisms or
and using them in context. unclear voice.
Spelling Improvement Tips • The Message: Lack of clarity,
conciseness, or coherence.
1. Use dictionaries.
• The Channel: Inappropriate
2. Create lists of words you find
delivery method.
difficult.
• The Listener: Lack of focus or
3. Practice crosswords and word
poor habits.
puzzles.
Tips for Effective Communication
4. Read books with subtitles or in
English to learn spellings 1. Be concise and clear.
subconsciously.
2. Adapt to your audience.
5. Write frequently to reinforce
3. Encourage and provide feedback.
correct spelling.
4. Listen actively and avoid
6. Be cautious with spellcheckers;
interruptions.
they can miss contextual errors.

SPEAKING
Communication and Language
• Communication: A two-way
process of exchanging messages.
• Language: A tool for expressing
ideas and emotions, central to
effective communication.