Foundation Batch 2.
0
PYQ-Stat. Physics CSE 24
PHYSICS OPTIONAL Supplementary Material
Syllabus - Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann,
Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions, applications to speci c heat of gases
and black body radiation; Concept of negative temperatures.
2023
Q 1. Write down the expressions for the Fermi-Dirac distribution and the Bose-Einstein
distribution. Plot the distributions as a function of the energy. [10 Marks]
Q 2. Use the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to nd the number of oxygen molecules
whose velocities lie between 195 m/s and 205 m/s at 0°C. The given mass of oxygen gas
is 0.1 kg. (Assume mass of proton to be 1.66 × 1027 kg) [15 Marks]
2022
Q 3. What do you understand by negative temperature? Write and explain various
restrictions on a system for the concept of negative temperature to be meaningful. [15
Marks]
2021
Q 4. Eight indistinguishable balls are to be arranged in six distinguishable boxes.
Calculate the total number of ways in which the above can be done. [10 Marks]
Q 5. (i) Write the expression for the Fermi-Dirac distribution. Plot the Fermi-Dirac
distribution at T = 0 and forT1 > T2 > 0. Now from the plot propose two alternative
de nitions of the Fermi level. (ii) Calculate the probability of an electron occupying an
energy level 0.02 eV above the Fermi level at T= 300 K. [15+5 Marks]
2020
Q 6. (i) The energy level of a quantum harmonic oscillator with frequency ν is given by
1
En = (n + )hν, where n=0,1,2, Calculate its partition function. (ii) Calculate the
2
partition function of a two level system [10 Marks]
Q 7. Starting from Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for a free particle in 3-dimension,
obtain the expression for root mean square (rms) speed of a particle. Calculate the rms
speed of nitrogen (No) molecule at room temperature (27°C). [20 Marks]
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Foundation Batch 2.0
PYQ-Stat. Physics CSE 24
PHYSICS OPTIONAL Supplementary Material
2019
Q 8. A gas has only two particles, a and b. With the help of a diagram, snow that how
these two particles can be arranged in the three quantum series 1, 2, 3 using (i) Maxwell-
Boltzmann, (i) Fermi-Dirac, and (is) Bose-Einstein statistics. [10 Marks]
V
Q 9. If the partition function for a perfect gas is given by Z = (2π mkT )3/2
h 3
calculate (i) average kinetic energy per molecule and (ii) speci c heat of the gas. [15
marks]
2018
1 1
Q 10. A system having two energy levels, − Δ and + Δ with Δ = 10 meV is
2 2
populated by 1000 particles at a low temperature close to 100 K. Obtain the average
energy per particle using classical distribution law. [15 Marks]
Q 11. Schematically, show the variation of density of states, D(ϵ) and distribution function,
f(ϵ,T), of particles in a non-relativistic Fermi gas at high temperatures.
At a temperature T, an electron occupies a state with energy 100 meV above the Fermi
energy (ϵf) with the probability of 1%. Find the temperature T [20 Marks]
2017
Q 12. Using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law, show that there cannot be any
negative absolute temperature. [10 Marks]
Q 13. Write and explain the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Using this distribution, nd
the expressions for the most probable speed, mean speed and root-mean-square speed.
[15 Marks]
Q 14. Explain Bose-Einstein distribution and obtain the same from the grand canonical
ensemble. [15 Marks]
2016
Q 15. The molecules of a gas obey Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Calculate the fraction
of molecules of the gas within 1% of the most probable speed at STP. Interpret your result.
[10 Marks]
Q 16. Consider a system of N particles and a phase space consisting of only two states
with energies 0 and ϵ (> 0). Obtain the expressions for the partition function and the
internal energy of the system, if it obeys M-B statistics. [10 Marks]
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Foundation Batch 2.0
PYQ-Stat. Physics CSE 24
PHYSICS OPTIONAL Supplementary Material
2015
————————————————————————————————————————
2014
Q 17. Show that both Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution functions at an energy E
are given by :
f (E ) ≏ exp[(μ − E )/kBT ]
where [E) is much smaller than unity, μ and kBT are the chemical potential and thermal
energy of the atom. [10 Marks]
Q 18. Using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law proves that there cannot be any
negative absolute temperature. [10 Marks]
2013
Q 19. N particles obeying Classical Statistics are distributed among three
states having energies ϵ1 = 0, ϵ2 = kBT and ϵ3 = 2kBT , where kB is Boltzmann
constant. If the total equilibrium energy of the system is 1000 kBT, calculate the value of N.
[10 Marks]
2001-2012
Q 12. Derive an expression for the Maxwellian distribution of velocities for the molecules
of an ideal gas. (2001)
Q 13. Derive the Bose- Einstein’s distribution for an ideal gas. (2002)
Q 14. Discuss the phenomenon of Bose –Einstein’s condensation. Obtain the expression
for the condensation temperature. Brie y comment on the observation of Bose –Einstein’s
condensate. (2002)
Q 15. De ne Fermi energy. For an ideal Fermi gas of N particles at absolute zero
temperature, show that the total energy is 3/5 NEƒ where Eƒ is the Fermi energy. (2003)
Q 16. 100 particles at a temperature T are distributed among three energy levels,E0 = 0,
E1 = kT and E2 = 2kT . What is total energy of the system? (2003)
Q 17. Show that for a distribution of electrons, the number of electron Ni in the energy
gi
state ϵi are given by Ni = Where gi represents the number of quantum
Aexp(ϵi /kT ) + 1
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Foundation Batch 2.0
PYQ-Stat. Physics CSE 24
PHYSICS OPTIONAL Supplementary Material
stales in the energy level ϵi. Further state under what condition this distribution law goes
over to Maxwell-Boltzmann ‘s statistics. Show by drawing curves how Fermi –Dirac
distribution function varies with the energy at T =0 and also at other nite temperatures.
(2004)
∑
Q 18. Starting from the expression N = < nk > , where < nk > is the average
k
number of particles in the kth quantum state, derive an expression for the average number
of particles in the ground state of an ideal Bose gas. (2005)
Q 19. Utilize the above expression to elaborate the concept of the Bose–Einstein
condensation and discuss that the phenomenon explains qualitatively the properties in
the low –temperature phase of liquid 4He. (2005)
Q 20. Derive the expression for the Fermi – Dirac distribution function. Represent it
graphically forT =0andT 0. (2006)
Q 21. Derive a relation between the total number of Fermions in terms of Fermi
momentum and hence obtain the expression for the total energy E of the system at
2
absolute zero Combine this expression with the equation of state PV = E to show that
3
5
the pressure of an ideal Fermi gas at T = 0 is proportional to power of its number
3
density. (2007)
Q 22. Show that at T=0, the Fermi distribution function has a value of 1 for energies less
than the Fermi energy Ef and is zero above it. For a system of non-interacting electrons at
3
T = 0, show that the ground state energy of the system of N particles is NEF. (2008)
5
Q 23. Energy distribution for ni particles in classical statistical mechanics is given by
ni = gie −α−βϵi, Where α and β are constants. gi is the single-particle state in the i thlevel.
1
Using equipartition theorem, show that correct thermodynamic interpretation is β = .
kT
∞ ∞
π 3 π
∫0 ∫0
−x 12 3
(Use e x dx = and e −βx x 2 d x = ) (2009)
2 4β 2
5
Q 24. Calculate the number of di erent arrangements of 10 indistinguishable particles in
15 cells of equal a priori probability, considering that one cell contains only one particle.
(2010)
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Foundation Batch 2.0
PYQ-Stat. Physics CSE 24
PHYSICS OPTIONAL Supplementary Material
Q 25. Consider the following statement: “The Fermi energy of a given material is the
energy of that quantum state which has the probability equal to 1/2 of being occupied by
the conduction electrons.”Is the above statement correct? Give reasons for your answer.
(2010)
Q 26. Show that both FD and BE distributions reduce under certain conditions in a from
∞
∫0
which gives the total number of particles as N =A ϵe −βϵ dϵ, where A is a
1
constant and β = .Further, show that this expression is just the same as obtained
kBT
from the Maxwellian speed distribution (2012)
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