OPERATORS
An Operator is a symbol used to perform an operation between two operands.
Types of Operators.
Arithmetic Operators.
Relational Operators.
Logical Operators.
Bitwise Operators.
Assignment Operators.
1. Arithmetic Operators:
Used to perform basic mathematical operations.
Examples:
+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
* (multiplication)
/ (division)
% (modulus, remainder)
2. Relational (Comparison) Operators:
They are used to compare two values and return a boolean result ( true or false ).
Examples:
== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
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> (greater than)
< (less than)
>= (greater than or equal to)
<= (less than or equal to)
3. Logical Operators:
Used to combine boolean expressions.
Examples:
&& (logical AND)
|| (logical OR)
! (logical NOT)
4. Bitwise Operators:
Operate at the bit level on binary numbers.
Examples:
& (bitwise AND)
| (bitwise OR)
^ (bitwise XOR)
<< (left shift)
>> (right shift)
a b a&b a|b a^b
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
5. Assignment Operators:
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Used to assign values to variables.
Examples:
= (assignment)
+= (add and assign)
- = (subtract and assign)
* = (multiply and assign)
/= (divide and assign)
What is Unary, Binary and Ternary?
What is Unary?
A unary operator operates on one operand.
It performs operations like incrementing and decrementing value.
Examples:
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
int x = 5;
x++; // this will increment value of x by one (post
printf("%d",x);
int x = 5;
x--; // this will decrement value of x by one (post
printf("%d",x);
int x = 5;
++x; // this will decrement value of x by one (pre in
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printf("%d",x);
int x = 5;
--x; // this will decrement value of x by one (pre de
printf("%d",x);
What is Binary?
A binary operator operates on two operands.
It's used for arithmetic, comparisons, logic, and assignments between two
values.
Examples:
+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
== (equality check)
&& (logical AND)
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = a+b; // this operator will add a and b values
printf("%d",c);
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = b-a; // this operator will subtract value of a from b
printf("%d",c);
int a = 10;
int b = 10;
if(a == b){ // this is check equallity with two operands
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printf("Equal");
}
if(5 < 7 && 7 > 5){ // this is check true both sides with &&
printf("True");
}
What is ternary?
A ternary operator operates on three operands.
It is typically used for conditional expressions as a shorthand for if-else
statements.
Syntax: condition? value_if_true : value_if_false
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // Ternary operator, returns 20
Operator Precedence In c
Operator
Precedence Description Associativity
1 () Parentheses (function call) Left-to-Right
[] Array Subscript (Square Brackets)
. Dot Operator
-> Structure Pointer Operator
++ , — Postfix increment, decrement
2 ++ / — Prefix increment, decrement Right-to-Left
+/– Unary plus, minus
!,~ Logical NOT, Bitwise complement
(type) Cast Operator
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* Dereference Operator
& Addressof Operator
sizeof Determine size in bytes
3 *,/,% Multiplication, division, modulus Left-to-Right
4 +/- Addition, subtraction Left-to-Right
5 << , >> Bitwise shift left, Bitwise shift right Left-to-Right
Relational less than, less than or
6 < , <= Left-to-Right
equal to
Relational greater than, greater than
> , >=
or equal to
7 == , != Relational is equal to, is not equal to Left-to-Right
8 & Bitwise AND Left-to-Right
9 ^ Bitwise exclusive OR Left-to-Right
10 | Bitwise inclusive OR Left-to-Right
11 && Logical AND Left-to-Right
12 || Logical OR Left-to-Right
13 ?: Ternary conditional Right-to-Left
14 = Assignment Right-to-Left
+= , -= Addition, subtraction assignment
*= , /= Multiplication, division assignment
%= , &= Modulus, bitwise AND assignment
Bitwise exclusive, inclusive OR
^= , |=
assignment
<<=, >>= Bitwise shift left, right assignment
15 , comma (expression separator) Left-to-Right
Practice Questions
1. What are operators in programming, and why are they important?
2. What are arithmetic operators, and why are they used in programming?
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3. Write a program to perform addition using arithmetic operators.
4. Write a program to perform subtraction using arithmetic operators.
5. Write a program to perform multiplication using arithmetic operators.
6. Write a program to perform division using arithmetic operators.
7. Write a program to perform post-increment.
8. Write a program to perform pre-increment.
9. Write a program to perform post-decrement.
10. Write a program to perform pre-decrement.
11. What is the syntax of the ternary operator?
12. Write a C program using the ternary operator to find the maximum of two
numbers.
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