Famous

Filipino
Architects
Ar. Gerald John D. Fernando
 The first Filipino recorded architect was
Felix Roxas y Arroyo, born circa 1820 in
Manila.
 Prior to American colonization, the
architectural profession was essentially
embodied by the maestro de obras
(literally translated as “master builder”).
There was no actual title of “architect.”
Instead, the maestro de obras was
responsible for the construction and
supervision over the erection of public and
private structures.

Felix Roxas y
Arroyo

 The nearest form of architectural

education during the Spanish period was
the Escuela Practica y Profesional de Artes
y Oficios de Manila, which was established
by the Spanish government in 1890.
Among the first graduates of this school
were Arcadio Arellano, Juan Carreon, Julio
Hernandez, and Isidro Medina.
Sto. Domingo Church ; Intramuros, Manila ( NeoGothic)
 Roque Ruaño Garrido, O.P. (August 16, 1877
– March 5, 1935) was a Spanish priest and
civil engineer. He was known after he drew
up plans for University of Santo Tomas
(UST) Main Building, the first earthquakeshock resistant building in Asia,which was
constructed at the Sulucan property of the
Dominican order in city of Manila.

Rev. Fr. Roque

Ruaño, O.P.

 Fr. Roque Ruaño practiced his Engineering

expertise well. As a proof, he was the
builder of the Dominican Residences in
Baguio and Lingayen, Pangasinan. His most
precious project and the same time UST's
pride, the UST Main Building, the first
earthquake-shock resistant building in the
Philippines. It is with no doubt the
infrastructure was well made, it has
withstood the challenges of time, from the
World War II, Marcos dictatorial regime to
the revival of democracy and until now,
history is still being made. Present studies
show, the design of the Main Building is
consistent with modern building code and
regulation.

University of Santo Tomas Main Building; España, Manila

( Spanish Renaissance Revival)
 Don Genaro Palacios is a Spanish architect
who designed the steel Basilica Minore de
San Sebastian in Quiapo, Manila,
Philippines. His architectural design for this
Basilica is a fine example of the revival of
Gothic architecture in the Philippines. He
was approached by Fr. Esteban Martinez,
the parish priest during those times, to
design a new church building. He planned
to make an earthquake and fire resistant
church made entirely of steel.

Genaro Palacios

 On June 12, 1888, the first shipment of the

church steel parts from Belgium came and
the construction started. On June 24, 1890,
Pope Leo XIII raised the church in to the
status of a minor basilica and on August 15,
1891, it was blessed and inaugurated. The
church was declared a National Historical
Landmark as per Presidential Decree no.
260.

San Sebastian Church; Quiapo, Manila

(Neo-Gothic / Gothic Revival)
 On December 21, 1888, Tomas Bautista Mapua, a
Filipino architect, educator and businessman,
founder and first president of the Mapua Institute
of Technology (MIT), was born in Binondo, Manila
to Juan Mapua and Justina Bautista.
 He was the first registered architect in the
Philippines.
 His education started at the Ateneo de Manila
University and at the Liceo de Manila. In 1903, he
was sent to the United States to complete his high
school education and college education as one of
the pensionado students of the United States. The
1903 Pensionado Law awarded university
scholarships to the US for exemplary Filipino
students.

Tomas Mapua

 Upon his return to the Philippines, he joined the

Bureau of Public Works where he initially worked
as a draftsman in the agency from 1912 to 1917.
He was later appointed as the supervising
architect for the Bureau from 1917 to 1928. He
spearheaded many government projects including
the Philippine General Hospital Nurses Home,
Psychopathic Building (National Mental Hospital)
and the School for the Deaf and Blind. He also
designed the Manila Central Post Office Building in
Ermita, Manila. Tomas became known for his
great contributions in the field of architecture.

St. La Salle Hall ; Taft Ave. , Manila ( NeoClassical)

Centro Escolar University Mendiola ,

Manila ( Neo-Classical)
 Carlos Barretto holds the distinction as the
first pensionado architect, having graduated
three years earlier than Mapua, earning his
degree in 1908 from the prestigious Drexel
University in Philadelphia. He was the second
(after Mapua) to be officially registered as an
architect in 1921, as required by law that was
passed by the National Assembly that year,
one of 22 Filipinos.
 Barretto designed the Carnival infrastructures
of 1935, built on exuberant Art Deco motif that
was the prevailing style of the Commonwealth
years. After the Liberation, a group of Filipino
architects that included Barretto, organized
themselves into the Philippine Institute of
Architects which proved to be of great help to
the Philippines’ post-war recovery.

Carlos Barretto

Manila Carnival ; Luneta , Manila (NeoClassical)

 Antonio Toledo stood out as the youngest
pensionado when he was sent to the United
States to study architecture at the age of
sixteen. He was one of the pioneer professors
of Mapua Institute of Technology founded by
his fellow pensionado Tomas Mapua and
taught there until 1967. He designed the
National Museum of the Philippines,
Leyte Provincial Capitol,
Manila City Hall,
Cebu Provincial Capitol,
Bureau of Customs,
Department of Tourism & Finance Buildings.

Manila City Hall; Manila (Neo-Classical)

Antonio Toledo
National Museum for. Legislative Bldg;
Manila (Neo-Classical)
 Arcadio Arellano was born on November 13,
1872, in Manila, Philippines. He was the third
of fifteen children of Luis C. Arellano and
Bartola de Guzman
 Arcadio Arellano had his early education from
the schools in Manila. Later he entered Ateneo
Municipal de Manila (now Ateneo de Manila
University), receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree
in 1892. Afterwards, he took courses in
business and construction building in the
Escuela de Artes y Oficios, graduating in 1895.

Arcadio Arellano

 As an architect, he planned and constructed

numerous residences in Manila among which
are those of Gregorio Araneta on R. Hidalgo
Street, Carmelo on Azcarraga Street, the
Tioquis, Dr. Ariston Bautista on Barbosa
Street, Gonzalo Tuason, Rosario Ongrin, and
his own residence on Evangelista Street,
besides considerable buildings in the
provinces. Among the buildings designed for
commercial or industrial uses, he designed and
built were "El 82", the former Hotel de Francia,
and the Carmelo & Bauermann building. He
built the Mausoleum of the Veterans of the
Revolution and the Legarda crypt in
Cementerio del Norte. He created and erected
the buildings of Gota de Leche on Lepanto
Street and the Casino Espanol on Taft Avenue
in collaboration with his brother, Juan
Arellano.

Gota de Leche; Manila (Italian Renaissance)

Mausoleum of the veterans of Revolution;

Manila (Neo-Classical)
 Juan Marcos de Guzmán Arellano was a
Filipino architect and painter, best known as
the architect of Manila’s Metropolitan Theater,
the Manila Post Office Building, Jones Bridge
and the development of Quezon City..
 Born into a cultured, artistic family, Juan
attended the Ateneo Municipal and graduated
in 1908. His first interest was reportedly
painting and he trained under Lorenzo
Guerrero, the “Ermita Master,” Toribio
Antillon, and Fabian de la Rosa. Arellano went
to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
in 1911 and then transferred to Drexel to finish
his bachelor’s degree in Architecture. He was
trained in the Beaux Arts and subsequently
went to work for George B. Post & Sons in New
York City, where he met and collaborated with
Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.

Juan Arellano

Metropolitan Theater; Manila (Art Deco)

 Returning to the Philippines, he opened an

architectural practice with his brother,
Arcadio.

Rizal Memorial Stadium; Manila (Art Deco)

 Andres Pardo de Tavera Luna was born on
September 9, 1887, in Paris, France. His
parents are Juan N. Luna and Mari Paz Pardo
de Tavera-Luna. He grew up in Paris until he
was six years old, when his father committed a
crime of passion, on September 22, 1892. His
father murdered his mother, Paz and his
grandmother, Juliana Morricho and shot them
in their heads. He then left with his father after
he was acquitted by a French court in February
1893. After spending six months in Barcelona
and Paris, they travelled by boat along with his
uncle, Gen. Antonio N. Luna to Manila on May
24, 1894.

Andres Luna de San

Pedro

 Luna was taught art lessons by Miguel

Zaragoza, and subsequently Ramon Santa
Coloma and Lorenzo Guerrero. In Japan, he
studied ceramics, followed by studying
architecture at the International
Correspondence School, where he earned his
diploma in 1911. Later while he stayed in
France, he studied at the École des BeauxArts. Upon return to the Philippines, he
served
as the architect of the City of Manila from 1920
to 1924. In 1938, he became a member of the
Manila Beautiful Committee which was
created for the beautification of the city.
Throughout his career, Luna gained
recognition for his works, including the St.
Louis Exposition and the Philippine Institute of
Architects.

Crystal Arcade Building; Escolta Manila (Art Deco)

*the first air-conditioned building in thePhilippines

First United Building; Escolta, Manila (Art Deco)

 He received his Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo de
Manila in 1914, his Civil Engineering degree in UST
in 1919 and studied Architecture in the University
of Pennsylvania and worked in the United States
for a short time.
 He return to the Philippines in 1928 and joined
Architect Tomas Arguelles to form their
Architecture Firm. Likewise they also formed the
UST School of Architecture and became one of the
pioneer faculties of the University. In 1929 - 1930,
he is one of the Members of the Board of
Architecture.

Fernando H.
Ocampo

Manila Cathedral (reconstruction) ; Intramuros,

Manila ( Neo-Romanesque)

 His talents in both Civil Engineering and

Architecture are manifested in his long lasting
works. The Cu-Unjieng Building in Plaza
Cervantes, still exerting a strong architectural
statement in the old Binondo Business Disctrict,
the Calvo Building, the UST Central Seminary and
the postwar Manila Cathedral. Though the old look
of the Manila Cathedral still fresh with the earlier
generations of Manilenos, he did not deliberately
copied everything from the 6th Manila Cathedral,
instead he added his own mark in it. Look at the
pineapple finials, byzantine and renaissance
design and the use of functionality over grandeur,
that is why the interior is more simplistic in design.

 He also likewise designed the San Fernando

Cathedral in his hometown and some residences
of some prominent families in San Fernando,
Pampanga.
Regina Building; Escolta, Manila (Beaux Arts)
 The country’s first National Artist for architecture, Juan
Nakpil was born in Quiapo, Manila on May 26, 1899 to
Julio Nakpil, a musician, and Gregoria de Jesus, the
widow of Andres Bonifacio, both of whom were
illustrious leaders of the Philippine Revolution against
Spain.
 He studied engineering at the University of California
and later, at the University of Kansas, where he
received his bachelor's degree in Mechanical
Engineering. He then studied architecture at the
Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts in France upon the
recommendation of Jean Jacques Haffner, one of his
professors at the Harvard Graduate School of
Architecture.
 Nakpil worked at Andres Luna de San Pedro's
architectural firm (1928) and at Don Gonzalo Puyat &
Sons, opening his own architectural firm in 1930.

Quezon Institute ; Quezon City (Art Deco)

 Among Nakpil's works are San Carlos Seminary,

Geronimo de los Reyes Building, Iglesia ni Cristo
Riverside Locale (Now F. Manalo, San Juan) and Iglesia
Ni Cristo - Locale of Caloocan, Magsaysay Building,
Rizal Theater, Capitol Theater, Captain Pepe Building,
Manila Jockey Club, Rufino Building, Philippine Village
Hotel, University of the Philippines Administration and
University Library, and the Rizal Shrine in Calamba,
Laguna. He also designed the International Eucharistic
Congress altar and improved the Quiapo Church in
1930 by erecting a dome and a second belfry. The
church burned down in 1929 prior to Nakpil's redesign
of the building

Juan F. Nakpil

 In the 1930s to the 1940s, Nakpil and his fellow

architects Andres Luna de San Pedro, Fernando
Ocampo and Pablo Antonio started the period of
modern architecture in the Philippines. Nakpil and
others also established the Philippine College of
Design in 1941 but the institution did not survive the
Second World War.] In 1952, President Quirino
appointed Nakpil to be a member of the National Rizal
Day Committee. He was hailed as a National Artist for
Architecture in 1973.

UP Administration Building ; Quezon City (Neo-Classical)

 William Edward Parsons (June 19, 1872 –
December 17, 1939) was an architect and city
planner known for his work in the Philippines
during the early period of American Colonial
Period. He was a consulting architect to the Insular
Government of the Philippine Islands from 1905 to
1914, and designed various structures, most
notably the Gabaldon School Buildings.
 During the early years of the American colonial
era, Governor-General of the Philippines Howard
Taft favored a comprehensive building
construction and city planning in the country.
William Cameron Forbes, having recently
appointed as commissioner to the Philippines,
sought out Daniel Burnham to create plans for the
cities of Baguio and Manila. Burnham and
architect Pierce Anderson drew up preliminary
plans based from site surveys in 1904 and 1905,
free of charge on Burnham's end. The plans were
followed by a recommendation of a well-trained
architect for the Government's plan, as Burnham
ended his involvement on the plans in the
Philippines.

William E. Parsons

Manila Hotel ; Luneta, Manila (California

Mission Style)

 Parsons also prepared the standardized plans of

the Gabaldon school buildings, which were
designed akin to templates with the intent of
promoting efficiency in the planning process.
 These are school buildings constructed in the
Philippines between 1907 and 1946 and named
after the late assemblyman Isauro Gabaldon of
Nueva Ecija, who authored the Gabaldon Act
which appropriated P1 million for the construction
of modern public schools nationwide.

Philippine General Hospital ; Taft Ave, Manila

(Neo-Classical)
 A successful Chicago architect, he was selected as
Director of Works for the 1892–93 World's Columbian
Exposition, colloquially referred to as "The White City".
He had prominent roles in the creation of master plans
for the development of a number of cities, including
the Plan of Chicago, and plans for Manila, Baguio and
downtown Washington, D.C. He also designed several
famous buildings, including a number of notable
skyscrapers in Chicago, the Flatiron Building of
triangular shape in New York City, Union Station in
Washington D.C., London's Selfridges department
store, and San Francisco's Merchants Exchange.

Daniel H. Burnham

 In 1904, Burnham accepted a commission from

Philippines Governor-General William Howard Taft. He
had the opportunity to redesign Manila and plan a
summer capital to be constructed in Baguio. Due to
the Philippines status as a territory, Burnham was able
to pursue his vision without having to win local
approval. Altogether the project took six months to
design, with only six weeks spent in the Philippines.
During his time there, Burnham did not interact with
Filipino locals concerning the project. After his plans
were approved by William Cameron Forbes,
Commissioner of Commerce and Police in the
Philippines, Burnham was allowed to choose the
principal architect, William E. Parsons. Burnham then
departed to keep tabs on the project from the
mainland. Burnham's plans emphasized improved
sanitation, a cohesive aesthetic (Mission Revival), and
visual reminders of government authority. In Manila,
wide boulevards radiated out from the capital building,
while in Baguio government structures loomed from
the cliffs above the town. The land for the Baguio
project, 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) in total, was seized
from local Igorots with approval of the Philippine
Supreme Court. In Manila, neighborhoods ravaged by
the war for independence were left untouched while a
luxury hotel, casino, and boat clubs were designed for
visiting mainland dignitaries.

City Planning of Manila

Burnham Park ; Baguio City, Benguet

 Arch. Federico S. Ilustre (1912–1989) is a
graduate of the Mapua Institute of Technology,
and later worked as a draftsman under Juan
Nakpil. Ilustre later took extra work as a
furniture designer under Puyat and sons,
before working for the Bureau of Public Works
in 1936. Ilustre later obtained his license in
1937, and would become instrumental in the
redevelopment of Manila after the destruction
of World War II (1938-1945). He would become
the supervising architect of the U.S. Army
Forces, Western Pacific (AFWESPAC), in its
rehabilitation efforts after the war. In 1947,
Ilustre was appointed as the supervising
architect of the National Housing Commission,
but he would later return to the Bureau of
Public Works in 1949, until his retirement in
the 1970s.

Federico Ilustre

Quezon Memorial Shrine ; Quezon City (Art

Deco)

 Arch. Federico S. Ilustre is often cited for the

design of the Quezon Memorial Park, and
sometimes the YMCA Building (a.k.a. the GSIS
Building) in the Ermita district of Manila.
However, many do not realize how Arch.
Ilustre defined the look of the Diliman
Quadrangle by designing the all government
buildings on the Elliptical Road and nearby,
which were constructed from the late 1950s to
early 1960s.
Old GSIS Building; Pasay City (Neo-Classical)
 Zaragoza took up BS Architecture at the
University of Santo Tomas where he graduated in
1936. He placed 7th in the licensure exams in the
1938. He also had a diploma in liturgical art and
architecture from the Rome-based International
Institute of Liturgical Art. At the Hilversum
Technical Research Center in the Netherlands, he
obtained a diploma in comprehensive planning.
 Zaragoza was involved in designing several
religious buildings such as The Our Lady of the
Holy Rosary in Tala, Caloocan completed in 1950;
the Santo Domingo Church in Quezon City and the
Villa San Miguel in Mandaluyong both which was
finished in 1954; the Pius XII Center in Manila
completed in 1958, and the expansion of the
Quiapo Church completed in 1984, a project met
with some controversy.

Sto. Domingo Church ; Quezon City ( Spanish

Modern)

 He was invited by Brazilian architects Oscar

Niemeyer and Lúcio Costa to be one of the guest
architects in designing Brasília, which was planned
to be the new capital city of Brazil.

Jose Maria
Zaragoza

 Zaragoza also designed the Meralco Building and

the Zaragoza building, and he contributed to the
design of the National Library of the Philippines
and to the design of the Bataan Power Plant of the
National Power Corporation.
 Zaragoza was posthumously awarded the
National Artist for Architecture on 2014 by the late
President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III.

Meralco Building ; Pasig City (Brazilian

Influenced)
 Pablo Antonio was born on the 25th of January
1901 in Binondo, Manila. Pablo became an
orphan when he was just 12, so it was hard for
him simply to finish higher school education.
After that he studied architecture at the
Mapua Institute of Technology but dropped
out of school. Ramon Arevalo, an engineer,
noticed Pablo and sent a dropout to study at
University of London, from which he
graduated in 1927, completing 5-year course in
just 3 years.

Pablo S. Antonio

Far Eastern University ; Morayta, Manila (Art Deco)

 For the first time Pablo stepped into the realm

of architecture in 1933, when he constructed
the Ideal Theater along Avenida Rizal in
Manila. After that, his career started to
develop fast. During his lifetime he managed
to design several buildings that nowadays are
considered to be architectural wonders of Art
Deco and modern style.

Ideal Theater ; Avenida Rizal, Manila (Art Deco)

 Angel S. Nakpil was born on February 20, 1914. His
parents were Enriqueta Sancho and Ramon Nakpil, a
government pensionado in the United States who
studied industrial design. His marriage to Carmen
Diaz ended with her death. Their union gave him two
daughters. He then married a widow, Carmen
Guerrero. They had three children, on of whom Luis,
is also an architect. The national artist Juan Nakpil
was his cousin. Nakpil finished high school at De la
Salle College (DLSU), and architecture at the
University of Santo Tomas in 1936.
 He spent time doing graduate work in Harvard
University. There he came to know Walter Gropius,
founder of the Bauhaus in Germany and an exponent
of the international style, who was then a professor
at Harvard, Nakpil earned a master’s degree in
regional planning in 1940.
 Nakpil served as commissioner of the City Planning
Office of Manila in 1947-1949. By 1949, he had his
own office as architect and city planner. Come 1976,
he joined Gabriel P. Formoso and Partners as a senior
partner. He became faculty member of the UST
School of Architecture in 1950-1961 and later served
as its dean in 1959-1961.

Picache Building ; Quiapo, Manila

(*considered as the first skyscraper in
the Philippines)

 He was a member of Philippine Institute of Architects

and was a charter member of the United Architects
of the Philippines, which was founded in 1975.

Angel E. Nakpil

 His architectural prowess was proven in his design of

the National Press Club Building on Magallanes
Drive, Manila; the former head office of the
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company on De
La Rosa Street, Makati; the Lopez Museum Building
on Lancaster Street, Pasay; the Picache Building in
Quiapo, Manila; the Roche Building on Pasong Tamo,
Makati; and the Petrona Apartments on Taft Avenue,
Manila.
National Press Club ; Intramuros, Manila
 Born in Manila on 1916, Otilio Arellano is the son
of Arcadio Arellano and the nephew of Juan
Arellano, both are esteemed Architects of Prewar Manila.
 He rose into the Architectural Profession during
the 50s to 60s, becoming the one of the
architects representing the Philippines in some
International Expositions.

NBI Building ; Taft Ave, Manila

 He was also chosen by Imelda Marcos to restore

the Metropolitan Theater, his uncle’s Art Deco
masterpiece.
 He died in a fire that razed their ancestral home
in San Juan in May 13, 1981.

Otilio A. Arellano

Palacio del Gobernador ; Intramuros, Manila (Roman)

 Architect Felipe M. Mendoza– (May 26, 1917 –
April 28, 2000) is a renown Filipino architect,
urban planner, writer who partnered with Mr.
Gabino de Leon and Mr. Homero Ingles in his
early years as architect. Then he established his
own architectural firm in 1951.
 He designed the FEU chapel in 1955 and two
other FEU buildings . It took almost two years
before the chapel was completed. Among his
notable works also included Batasang Pambansa,
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,
Development Academy of the Philippines,
Philippine Veterans Bank, Assumption College ,
Antipolo, Sandigan Bayan building among
others.

Felipe M. Mendoza

 He was the 1st Likha Awards Awardee - the

highest distinction that may be bestowed by the
National Board upon a Fellow of the United
Architects of the Philippines

FEU Chapel ; FEU Main Campus, Manila

 He graduated from the University of Santo
Tomas in 1939.
 He designed the Following Structures:
 Manila Doctors’ Hospital (1956) ,
 Makati Medical Center (1956)

Times Theater ; Quezon Blvd., Manila

 Times Theater, Quezon Blvd.

 Santa Catalina College, Legarda, Manila
 Botica Boie Bldg. , Escolta, Manila

Luis Maria Araneta

Makati Medical Center ; Makati City

 Formoso was born on April 9, 1915 in Makati,
Manila, Philippines; the son of Gregorio and
Alvara (Papa) Formoso.
 Formoso finished high school at the Ateneo de
Manila in 1933. Then he enrolled at the University
of Santo Tomas School of Architecture which he
graduated in 1937 and received his Bachelor of
Science in Architect.
 Formoso became a registered architect in 1939.
He worked for Andres Luna de San Pedro and
later for Pablo Antonio. Gabriel formed a
partnership with Luis Araneta, then established
his own office. From 1952 to 1988 he made 11
tours of the United States, South America, and
Europe to observe trends in architecture,
particularly in bank, hotel, and condominium
design.

Gabriel P. Formoso

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas ; Manila (Brutalist)

 Gabriel Formoso’s outstanding works include:

the Pacific Star Building on Makati Avenue, 1990;
the Bank of America-Lepanto Building on Paseo
de Roxas, 1978; the Nikko Manila Garden Hotel
on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, 1974; the
Peninsula Manila Hotel on Ayala Avenue, 1974;
the Asian Institute of Management (AIM) on
Paseo de Roxas, 1970; and the Doña Narcisa de
Leon Building on Paseo de Roxas, 1967.

Manila Peninsula Hotel ; Makati City (Brutalism)

 Born in Manila, he was the fifth son of Tomas
Arguelles, a known pre-war Filipino architect, and
Carmen Corcuera. Carlos followed in his father's
footsteps and graduated in 1940 from the
architecture program in the University of Santo
Tomas. He continued his studies at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he
earned his bachelor's degree in architecture in 1941.
 The outbreak of World War II interrupted his
masteral studies as he enlisted in the army,
eventually assigned to be alongside Manuel Quezon
and the Philippine Commonwealth government-inexile in Washington, D.C., and as an
intelligence
officer under General Chuck Parsons in Australia. He
returned to MIT after the war to complete his
master's degree in architecture, which he obtained in
1946.
 Arguelles returned to the Philippines in 1949 and
began his architecture career in the country as an
associate of Gines Rivera, the architect behind the
planning of the Ateneo de Manila University campus
being built at that time in Loyola Heights in Quezon
City. He also began teaching at the UST College of
Architecture and served as its dean from 1953 to
1959.

Carlos D. Arguelles

ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center ; Quezon City

(Neo-Modern)

 Arguellles first came into prominence in Philippine

architecture thanks to his role as chief architect of
Philamlife Homes in Quezon City, the first gated
community in the country, as he designed many of
the bungalow houses which were suited to the
Filipino middle-class lifestyle. He would then move
on to design other notable landmarks, including
Philamlife's headquarters in Ermita in 1962 and the
Manila Hilton right across it in 1968.
Philamlife Building ; Ermita, Manila (International Style)
 He is best known for designing and building
churches for the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) religious
group.
 Carlos was born in San Miguel, Bulacan and one
of six children to Melecio de Guzman Santos and
Miguela Magpitang Antonio. Starting from San
Miguel Elementary School, Carlos moved on to
the Ateneo de Manila to finish his high school
education.

 Santos-Viola was one of the first graduates of

the College of Architecture of the University of
Santo Tomas in 1935. During this time the
professors then were outstanding architects and
engineers of the period, such as Tomas Arguelles,
Tomas Mapua, Juan F. Nakpil, Fernando H.
Ocampo, and Andres Luna de San Pedro.

Carlos A. SantosViola

Iglesia ni Kristo Central Temple ; Diliman, Quezon

City ( Neo-Gothic)

 His first exposure to the INC group was executed

under Nakpil's company through the Bishop's
Palace in San Juan, Metro Manila. INC gave the
subsequent project directly to Santos-Viola.
Although common elements may be visible, his
designs were distinct from one another. Each
structure was created on functionality that was
built with integrity, adorned with 20th-century
geometric forms garnished with Gothic revival
and Baroque lines. Among those completed
designs was the INC's central office in Quezon
City. Architect Santos-Viola was the only Filipino
Architect who designed churches that were built
all over the Philippines.
Nuestra Señora de Guia (Ermita Church) ; Ermita, Manila
(Modern)
 Alfredo J. Luz was born 30 December 1922, one
of four children, to Valeriano Katigbak Luz and
Rosario Dimayuga of Lipa, Batangas.
 He studied at Mapua Institute of Technology but
his studies were interrupted by World War II. He
completed his architectural degree at the
University of California at Berkeley in 1949. While
at Cal Berkeley, he won a student competition to
design a building on campus. He was awarded a
medal and the design plans were used in the
actual construction of the building.

Alfredo J. Luz

 Alfredo J. Luz was the Principal and Founder of

A.J. Luz and Associates (AJLA). He worked briefly
at Erickson Massey in Vancouver, Canada and
later at Townley Matheson Partners, also in
Vancouver. He later returned to Manila to reopen a new private practice as AJLA had
been
transferred to his partners and associates,
Francis Arcenas and Ruben Payumo, both of
whom became successful architects along with
the other partners and associates from AJLA.
Ramon Magsaysay Center ; Roxas Blvd., Manila
(Brutalist)
 Leandro V. Locsin was born August 15, 1928 in Silay
City, Negros Occidental, a grandson of the first
governor of the province. He later studied at the De
La Salle Brothers in 1935 before returning to Negros
due to the Second World War. He returned to Manila
to study Pre-Law, before shifting to pursue a
Bachelor's Degree in Music at the University of Santo
Tomas. Although he was a talented pianist, he later
changed again to Architecture, just a year before
graduating. He was married to Cecilia Yulo, to which
he had two children, one of whom is also an
architect.
 The Church of the Holy Sacrifice is the first round
chapel in the Philippines with the altar in the middle,
and the first to have a thin shell concrete dome. The
floor of the church was designed by Arturo Luz, the
stations of the cross by Vicente Manansala and Ang
Kiukok, and the cross by Napoleon Abueva, all of
whom are now National Artists. Alfredo L. Juinio
served as the building's structural engineer. Today,
the church is recognized as a National Historical
Landmark and a Cultural Treasure by the National
Historical Institute and the National Museum
respectively.

Leandro V. Locsin

 In his visit to the United States, he met some of his

influences, Paul Rudolph and Eero Saarinen. It was
then he realized to use concrete, which was relatively
cheap in the Philippines and easy to form, for his
buildings. In 1969, he completed what is to be his
most recognizable work, the Theater of Performing
Arts (Now the Tanghalang Pambansa) of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines. In 1974, Locsin designed
the Folk Arts Theater, which is one of the largest
single span buildings in the Philippines with a span of
60 meters. It was completed in only seventy-seven
days, in time for the Miss Universe Pageant. Locsin
was also commissioned to build the Philippine
International Convention Center, the country's
premiere international conference building and the
seat of the Vice Presidency.

Cultural Center of the Philippines; Roxas Blvd., Manila

(Brutalist / Floating Volumes)

Tanghalang Maria Makiling (National Arts Center) ; Los

Baños, Laguna (Brutalist)
 Arch. Cresenciano de Castro studied architecture
at the University of Santo Thomas in Manila,
earning a Bachelor's degree in 1950. Same year,
he passed the Architect's Licensure examination
in the Philippines and garnered the third highest
rating.
 He also studied graduate degrees in architecture
at the Cornell University. He gained popularity
through the design of some suburban houses in
the emerging high-end suburbs outside of
Manila.

 But he gained credence with the design of

buildings that have scientific and technological
uses like the Manila Planetarium, PNRI and the
Philippine Science High School Building. These
buildings signify the progress of the country in
terms of Science and Technology at that time.

Cresenciano de
Castro

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute ; Commonwealth ,

Quezon City(Brutalist)

 His PNRI building witnessed the first nuclear

reactor in the country and heralded the country’s
entrance to the Atomic Age. Bearing the
modernist maxim, he designed his buildings in
the absolute modernist tones.
 His design for the old Asian Development Bank
Headquarters saw the emergence of the Brutalist
style in Manila. This style is known through its
rough concrete surfaces and sharp geometric
shapes.

Philippine Science Highschool; Quezon City (Brutalist)

 On June 13, 1922, Antonio S. Sindiong was
born. Antonio was a professor at the
University of Texas at Austin's School of
Architecture.
 Antonio S. Sindiong and Associates was
founded by him in 1985. He was president of
the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) and
chairman of the Profession-al Regulation
Commission's Board of Examiners for
Architects.

Antonio S. Sindiong

Harrison Plaza Shopping Center ; Malate, Manila

 He was a forerunner in the design of high-rise

structures in the metro. The Pacific Plaza
Condominium, The China Bank Building
(Makati), the Ritz Towers, the Metrobank
Plaza, the La Metropole Condominium, the
SM Megamall, the Harrison Plaza Shopping
Center, Manila, Ali Mall II, and the New
Farmers Plaza Shopping Center are just a few
of the notable projects

SM Megamall (with Arquitectonica) ; Mandaluyong City

 Francisco "Bobby" Tronqued Mañosa
(February 12, 1931 – February 20, 2019) was a
Filipino architect considered one of the most
influential Filipino architects of the 20th
century for having pioneered the art of
Philippine neo-vernacular architecture. His
contributions to the development of
Philippine architecture led to his recognition
as a National Artist of the Philippines for
Architecture in 2018.
 Mañosa's breakthrough as an architect
happened while he was still working at
Mañosa Brothers, when the firm was hired to
design the new headquarters of San Miguel
Corporation in Mandaluyong. The brothers
designed a building which was inspired by the
Banaue rice terraces, with “green” design
features which were ahead of the times.

Francisco “Bobby
Mañosa

 Mañosa's insitance on only taking on projects

with a Filipino identity eventually led him to
leave Mañosa Brothers and put up his own
firm. Because he had built up his name
designing the San Miguel Corporation
headquarters, he was asked by Imelda Marcos
to build the "Tahanang Pilipino" (lit. Filipino
home, often referred to as the Coconut
Palace), within the Cultural Center of the
Philippines Complex.

“Tahanang Pilipino” aka “Coconut Palace ; CCP Complex ,

Roxas Blvd., Manila

San Miguel Corporation Headquarters ; Mandaluyong City

 Palafox received a classical secondary
education from Christ the King seminary
when he was 13. He obtained his bachelor's
degree in Architecture from University of
Santo Tomas in 1972 and two years later, in
1974, he obtained his master's degree in
Environmental Planning at the UP Diliman
through a scholarship grant by United
Nations Development Program (UNDP).
 In 2003, he graduated in Advanced
Management Development Program for Real
Estate at the Harvard University.
 In 1977 he started working as Senior Architect
and Planner for the government of Dubai.
During also that time, he met Henry Sy who
later became one of his clients. Sy
encouraged him to return to the country.
Palafox worked for the Dubai municipality
until 1981.

Felino “Jun” A.
Palafox , Jr.

 Palafox Associates is the first Filipino

architectural firm cited in the World's Top 500
Architectural Firms of the World Architecture
Magazine. In 2006, the firm ranked 94th –
holding the distinction of being the only
Southeast Asian firm in the list. In 2012,
Palafox Associates places 89th in the worldranking dominated by American, European,
Japanese, Australian and Chinese firms; and
Top 8 in the Leisure Market sector

Shrine of Jesus the Way, the Truth and the Life ; MOA
Complex, Pasay City

Fisher Mall ; Quezon City

Thank you
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