Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Polytechnic, Satara

Question Bank for Class Test 2

Program : Civil Engineering Program Code : CE
Course Title : Highway Engineering (313323) Semester : Third

Questions of 2 Marks :

1) What is Prime Coat ?

Ans: Prime coat –
i) It is a thin layer of liquid bitumen spread upon untreated gravel surface, is
known as prime coat.
ii) It binds loose aggregate in the base course.
2) State any two causes of Landslides.
Ans: Two causes of Landslides:
i) Increase in the water content of the soil
ii) Improper drainage system
3) List various types of curves provided on Hill Roads.
Ans: The three types of curves in hill roads are -
a) Hair –Pin Curves b) Salient Curves c) Re-entrant Curves
4) Name any four types of road marking.
Ans: Four types of road marking :
i) Carriage way markings iii) Marking at hazardous locations
ii) Markings at intersections iv) Marking for parking

5) Define : (i) Passenger Car Unit (ii) Traffic Volume Study.

Ans:
i)Passenger car unit: - In order to convert the different vehicles classes to one class
such as passenger car conversion factor, is known as passenger car unit.
ii)Traffic Volume Study (TVS): The survey of the number of vehicles and
pedestrians crossing a section of road per unit time during any selected period is
called Traffic Volume Study.
6) State the types of traffic islands.
Ans: Types of traffic islands :
a) Divisional Island c) Channelizing Islands
b) Pedestrians Loading Islands d) Rotary Islands
7) What is Traffic Density ?
Ans: Traffic Density:
It is the number of vehicles occupying a unit length of lane of roadway at a given
instant usually expressed as vehicles per km.
8) State classification of highway maintenance.
Ans: Classification of highway maintenance:-
1) Routine repairs 4) Resurfacing
2) Periodic repairs 5) Special repairs to monsoon damage
3) Special repairs 6) Repair to bridge and culverts
9) What is cross drainage work ?
Ans: Cross drainage work:
An efficient drainage system for disposing off the surface water collected in side
drains or that of the natural streams across a road or railway track or across a hill
road is called cross drainage.
10) State the types of drainage system.
Ans: Types of drainage system:
In plain areas - a) Surface Drainage b) Sub-surface Drainage
Surface Drainage: Side drains, Catch water basin, Inlet
Sub surface Drainage: Cross Drains, lateral drain, longitudinal drain, transverse
drain
Questions of 4 Marks :

1) State and explain functions of pavement components

Ans:
1) Seal coat: - The main functions of providing seal coat are to develop skid
resistance of the surface, to make road surface waterproof and to increase the life
of the road surface.
2) Wearing course: - The functions of wearing course are to resist wear and tear
and to provide adequate foot hold and avoid slipping or skidding of vehicles.
3) Base course: - Base course forms a support to the wearing course. This course
distributes the concentrated loads from the upper layer to the lower layer and
withstands high shearing stress. It also provides some degree of flexibility to the
pavement.
4) Sub-base course: - This layer is laid on the natural layer down below and
supports wearing surface and base. It is an intermediate layer and performs more
or less the same functions as the base course.
5) Sub-grade: - It is the last layer forming the foundation for the road pavement. It
carries the entire load of the traffic and the pavement which rest on subgrade.
01 M each (any four)
2) Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavement (Any eight points).
Ans:

Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement

1) Its initial cost is low. 1) Its initial cost is high.
2) Its life span is short. 2) Its life span is long
3) Its thickness is more 3) Its thickness is less.
4) Joints are not required. 4) Joints are essentially required.
5) Its repair work is easy 5) Its repair work is difficult.
6) It is less durable. 6) It is more durable.
7) It develops corrugations. 7) It does not develop corrugations.
8) Its maintenance cost is high 8) Its maintenance cost is low.

( ½ M each )
3) Discuss the merits and demerits of bitumen road.
Ans:
The merits of bitumen road are as follows:
1) The quick repair of road is possible.
2) Curing time is less.
3) In this road, initial investment is less.
4) It gives the lower noise level. ( ½ M each )
The demerits of bitumen road are as follows:
1) Bitumen roads are less durable.
2) They have less tensile strength.
3) They develop hydrocarbon pollution to soil.
4) Maintenance cost is more than cement concrete road. ( ½ M each )

4) Describe in brief purpose of conducting traffic volume study.

Ans:
Traffic Volume Study (TVS): The survey of the number of vehicles and
pedestrians crossing a section of road per unit time during any selected period is
called Traffic Volume Study.
Purpose of Traffic Volume Study:
a) It is used in planning, traffic operation and control of existing facilities and also
for planning and design of new facilities
b) This is used in analysis of traffic pattern and trends.
g) To know the number and weight of heavily loaded vehicles using the road.
i) To know the types of vehicles using the road.
j) To establish the importance of road.
k) To suggest new routes and additional facilities. Any 4 (1 mark each)
5) Draw the road signs for (i) One way (ii) No parking (iii) Narrow bridge
(iv) Speed Limit.
Ans:

(1 mark each)
6) Draw the Collision diagram for (i) Head on Collision (ii) Rear end Collision
(iii) Side Sweep.
Ans:

Any 2 (2 mark each)

7) Explain Rotary Island (Traffic Island) with a neat sketch.
Ans:
Rotary Island or Traffic Island:
The raised platforms of suitable shapes built on the road intersections are
called traffic islands or rotary island.
i)A rotary intersection or traffic rotary is an enlarged road intersection where all
converging vehicles are forced to move round a large central island in one
direction before they can weave out of traffic flow into their respective directions
radiating from the central island.
ii)The main objects of providing a rotary are to eliminate the necessity of topping
even for crossing streams of vehicles and to reduce the area of conflict.
iii)The crossing of vehicles is avoided by allowing all vehicles to merge into the
streams around the rotary and then to diverge out to the desired radiating road.

8) Explain necessity of maintenance of roads.

Ans:
Necessity of maintenance of roads -
1. To avoid various defects occurring in roads i.e. Potholes, cracks etc.
2. To minimize road accidents that can take place due to road defects
3. To help in safe and smooth vehicular movements on road surface
 4. To keep road features in good conditions on as per geometric design suggested
by IRC
5. To increase ultimate life of road structure
6. To prevent the water from accumulating on the road
1 mark each (Any four)

9) Draw a neat sketch (Plan & Section) of Longitudinal drain and Cross drain.
Ans:
The Plan and section of Longitudinal drain and Cross drain is as given below:

(02 M for figure and 02 M for labeling)

10)State the functions of surface drainage and sub-surface drainage.
Ans:
Function of Surface drainage:
The function of Surface drainage is to drain the water from the pavement surface
and the shoulders during the rains and to divert it to the road-side drains such that
the entry of water into the pavement layers and the subgrade soil is minimized.
02 M
Function of Sub-surface drainage:
The function of sub-surface drainage is to intercept the ‘seepage flow’ of water
and divert the same away from the roadway to the nearest water course. The sub-
surface drainage system also helps in lowering the ground water level well below
the subgrade and in controlling the capillary rise of water.
02 M