What are the Junctions of areolar tissue?
Answer: Areolar tissue are connective tissues found in animal. It is found
between skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the
bone marrow.
It fills the space inside the organs, supports internal organs and helps in
the repair of tissues.
Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on
the basis of their cell wall.
Answer: Parenchyma: The cells have thin cell walls made up of cellulose.
Collenchyma: The cells have cell walls thickened at the comers due to pectin
deposition.
Sclerenchyma: Their walls are thickened due to lignin deposition.
What are the functions of stomata?
Answer: The outermost layer of the cell is called epidermis and is very porous.
These pores are called stomata. These stomata help in transpiration and
exchange of gases.
Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the
basis of their structure and location in the body.
Answer:
uestion 10. Name the following:
(1) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(2) Tissue that connect muscle to bone in humans.
(3) Tissue that trar-carts food in plants.
(4) Tissue that siwea j’ut in our body.
(5) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(6) Tissue present in the brain.
Answer: (1) Squamous epithelium (2) Tendons
(3) Phloem (4) Areolar tissue
(5) Blood (6) Nervous tissue
Identify the type of tissue in the following: Skin, bark of tree, bone,
lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
Answer: (a) Skin—Striated squamous epithelium
(b) Bark of tree—Cork, protective tissue
(c) Bone—Connective tissue
(d) Lining of kidney tubule—Cuboidal epithelium tisse
(e) Vascular bundle—Conducting tissue
How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
Answer: Cork acts as a protective tissue because its cells are dead and
compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They have deposition of suberin
on the walls that make them impervious to gases and water.
How many types of elements make up Xylem tissue. Name them.
Name the tissue which is present in the veins of leaves.
Answer:
Sclerenchyma.
Why is cork impervious to gases and water?
Answer:
Due to presence of a chemical substance called suberin.
Which biochemicals compose the solid matrix of cartilage?
Answer:
Proteins and sugars make up the solid matrix of cartilage.
Name the connective tissue which helps in the repair of tissues.
Answer:
Areolar connective tissue helps in the repair of tissue.
Differentiate between tendon and ligament.
Answer:
Ligament is a connective tissue which joins bone to bone and is elastic in
nature.
Tendons join bone to muscles and are less elastic as compared to the ligaments.
(i) How is the epidermis of the plants living in very dry habitats adapted?
(ii) Write functions of guard cells of stomata in the leaf.
Answer:
(i) The epidermis of plants living in dry habitats may be thicker or often
secrete a waxy, water-resistant layer on their outer surface called cutin
(chemical substance with waterproof quality) to prevent water loss.
(ii) The guard cells of stomata in the leaf help in gaseous exchange and
transpiration.
Explain how the bark of a tree is formed. How does it act as a protective
tissue?
Answer:
In the older stem, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis.
The secondary meristem cuts off cells towards outside to form a several-
layer thick tissue; This is called the cork or the bark of the tree.
Cells of cork or bark are dead, compactly arranged without intercellular
spaces and have a chemical called suberin in their walls that makes them
impervious to gases and water. In this way it acts as a protective tissue.
Give one function of each of the following.
(i) Stomata
(ii) Root nodules
(iii) Cardiac muscle fibres
Answer:
(i) Stomata: Help in exchange of gases in the plants.
(ii) Root nodules: In leguminous plants, the root nodules harbour nitrogen
fixing bacteria which convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates.
(iii) Cardiac muscle fibres: They help in rhythmic contraction and
relaxation of the heart.
Identify the given two slides A and B as a parenchyma or sclerenchyma.
Sclerenchyma can be identified by which characteristic?
Answer:
Slide A is parenchyma and Slide B is sclerenchyma.
Sclerenchyma can be identified by the type of cells which are long and narrow as
the walls are thickened due to presence of lignin.
Question 8.
(i) Identify the given figures.
(ii) Give any two major differences between the structures identified.
(iii) Describe the role performed by these two in the plant body.
Answer:
(i) Structure (A) is a tracheid and structure (B) is a vessel.
(ii) Tracheid:
(ii) Tracheid:
Tracheids are elongated or tube-like cells with thick and
lignified walls and tapering ends.
They are in the form of single cells.
Vessel:
Vessel is a long cylindrical tube-like structure made up of many
cells called vessel members.
They are composed of a number of cells fused together.
(iii) Tracheids and vessels help in vertical transport of water and minerals
in the plants. They also help to provide mechanical strength to the plants.
Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or
involuntary (IV) muscles.
(a) Jumping of frog
(b) Pumping of the heart
(c) Writing with hand
(d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine
Answer:
(a) (V)
(b) (IV)
(c) (V)
(d) (IV)
Question 22.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) Lining of blood vessels is made up of _______
(b) Lining of small intestine is made up of _______
(c) Lining of kidney tubules is made up of _______
(d) Epithelial cells with cilia are found in _______ of our body.
Squamous epithelium
(b) Columnar epithelium
(c) Cuboidal epithelium
(d) Respiratory tract
Water hyacinth floats on water surface. Give Reason.[1]
Answer:
The parenchyma present in the swollen petiole of water hyacinth is called
aerenchyma which has large cavities to provide buoyancy and help them float on
the water surface.
Explain the significance of the following:
(i) Hair-like structures on epidermal cells.
(ii) Epidermis has thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants.
(iii) Small pores in epidermis of leaf.
(iv) Numerous layers of epidermis in cactus.
(v) Presence of a chemical suberin in cork cells.
Answer:
(i) To increase the total absorptive surface area for absorption of water.
(ii) To prevent water loss by transpiration and protection from pathogens.
(iii) To help in gaseous exchange and transpiration.
(iv) To prevent water loss by transpiration.
(v) To make tissue impervious to gases and water.
Which type of muscle fibres will contract to remove your hands instantly when
you touch a hot object?
Answer:
Striated muscle fibres will contract to remove our hands instantly when we touch
a hot object.
What will be the consequence of
(i) removal of blood platelets from blood?
(ii) removal of cutin from the layer of epidermis?
Answer:
(i) Removal of blood platelets from blood will inhibit clotting of blood if an
injury occurs and the person may bleed to death.
(ii) Removal of cutin would increase the amount of water loss from the
leaves of the plants.
The process of transpiration does not occur properly when the leaves are
covered by a layer of oily substance. Why? Which other functions will get
affected due to this covering?
Answer:
The layer of oily substance will close the stomata present in leaves and this
would decrease the rate of transpiration. The rate of exchange of gases
decreases and consequently the rate of photosynthesis would also decrease.
During a sports event, Shivani suffered a sprain due to which she was not
able to run. Her teacher gave her support and told her that it was due to a
ligament tear. She also called the doctor to give treatment to Shivani.
(i) What is a ligament? What kind of tissue is it?
(ii) Which type of fibrous tissue has great strength, limited flexibility and is
similar to ligament?
(iii) What values are shown by Shivani’s teacher?
Answer:
(i) Ligament is the connective tissue which connects two bones. It is a kind
of connective tissue.
(ii) Tendon is a fibrous tissue that has great strength, limited flexibility
and is similar to ligament.
(iii) The values shown by her teacher are knowledge, scientific approach
and a caring nature.
Rishi brought an aquatic plant which was floating on the surface to the
science laboratory of water. He cut a section of the leaf of the plant and
saw a tissue with lot of air cavities in it. He went to his teacher and
discussed about the role of the air cavities in the leaves of the aquatic
plant.
(i) Which type of tissue present in plants has air cavities?
(ii) What is the role of large air cavities in the leaves of such plants?
(iii) What values are shown by Rishi?
Answer:
(i) Aerenchyma is the tissue present in the plants and has large air
cavities.
(ii) The large air cavities in the leaves of such plants help in providing
buoyancy to the leaves to help them float on water.
(iii) Rishi shows a scientific attitude, inquisitive nature and empirical
approach.
Name the tissue present in soft parts of the plants like pith and cortex. (CCE
2010)
Answer:
Parenchyma
