Paper 3 practice [55 marks]

1.

A graphic designer, Ben, wants to create an animation in which a

sequence of squares is created by a composition of successive
enlargements and translations and then rotated about the origin and
reduced in size.

Ben outlines his plan with the following storyboards.

The first four frames of the animation are shown below in greater detail.

The sides of each successive square are one half the size of the
adjacent larger square. Let the sequence of squares be U 0 , U 1 ,U 2 , …

The first square, U 0 , has sides of length 4 cm.

(a)

Find an expression for the width of U n in centimetres.

[2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics

senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in
the new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting
compared to formal exam papers.
4
( 21 )
n M1A1 [2 marks]

Ben decides the animation will continue as long as the width of the
square is greater than the width of one pixel.

(b)

Given the width of a pixel is approximately 0.025 cm , find the number of

squares in the final image.

[3]

Markscheme

4
n
>0.025 (A1) 2n <160 n ≤ 7 (A1) Note: Accept equations in place
2
of inequalities. Hence there are 8 squares A1 [3 marks]

Ben decides to generate the squares using the transformation

( ) ( )
xn
yn
x
= A n 0 + bn
y0

where An is a 2 ×2 matrix that represents an enlargement, b n is a 2 ×1

column vector that represents a translation, ( x 0 , y 0 ) is a point in U 0 and
( x n , y n ) is its image in U n.
(c.i)

Write down A1.

 [1]

Markscheme

( )
1
0
2
A1 [1 mark]
1
0
2

([Link])

Write down An , in terms of n .

[1]

Markscheme

( )
1
n
0
An = 2 A1 [1 mark]
1
0 n
2

By considering the case where ( x 0 , y 0 ) is ( 0 , 0 ) ,

(d.i)

state the coordinates, ( x 1 , y 1 ), of its image in U 1.

[1]

Markscheme

(4 , 4 ) A1 [1 mark]

([Link])

hence find b 1.

[2]
 Markscheme

A1 ( 00)+ b =( 44)
1 (M1) b 1=( 44) A1 [2 marks]

([Link])

show that b n=
((
8 ( 1− 2−n )
8 1− 2−n ) ) .

[3]

Markscheme

Recognise the geometric series b n= ( 4+

4+ 2+ 1+ … )
2+ 1+ …
M1 Each component

( ) ¿8 1− 1
( )
( 21 )
1 8 1−
4 1− n

( ( 2 ))
n
2
is equal to M1A1 AG [3

( 21 )
n
1 8 1− n
2
marks]

(e)

Hence or otherwise, find the coordinates of the top left-hand corner in U 7

.

[3]

Markscheme

( )( ) ( 2 )
1 1
0 8 1− 7

1 ( 4)
7
2 0 +
M1A1 ( 7.9375 , 7.96875 ) A1 [3 marks]
0
2
7
(
8 1−
2 )
1
7
Once the image of squares has been produced, Ben wants to continue
the animation by rotating the image counter clockwise about the origin
and having it reduce in size during the rotation.

Let Eθ be the enlargement matrix used when the original sequence of

squares has been rotated through θ degrees.

Ben decides the enlargement scale factor, s, should be a linear function

of the angle, θ , and after a rotation of 360❑∘ the sequence of squares
should be half of its original length.

(f.i)

Find, s, in the form s ( θ )=mθ+ c.

[4]

Markscheme

1
s ( θ )=mθ+ c s ( 0 )=1, c=1 M1A1 s ( 360 )= A1
2
1 1 θ
=360 m+1 ⇒m=− A1 s ( θ )=− +1 [4 marks]
2 720 720

([Link])

Write down Eθ .

[1]

Markscheme

( )
θ
− +1 0
720
Eθ = A1 [1 mark]
θ
0 − +1
720

([Link])

Hence find the image of ( 1 ,1 ) after it is rotated 135❑∘ and enlarged.

[4]
 Markscheme

( )
135
− +1 0
( )( )
∘ ∘
720 cos 135 ❑ −sin 135❑ 1
∘ ∘ M1A1A1
135 sin 135❑ cos 135❑ 1
0 − +1
720
( −1.15 , 0 ) A1 [4 marks]

(g)

Find the value of θ at which the enlargement scale factor equals zero.

[1]

Markscheme
∘
θ=720❑ A1 [1 mark]

(h)

After the enlargement scale factor equals zero, Ben continues to rotate
the image for another two revolutions.

Describe the animation for these two revolutions, stating the final
position of the sequence of squares.

[3]

Markscheme

The image will expand from zero (accept equivalent answers) It will rotate
counter clockwise The design will (re)appear in the opposite (third)
quadrant A1A1 Note: Accept any two of the above Its final position
will be in the opposite (third) quadrant or 180 ˚ from its original position or
equivalent statement. A1 [3 marks]

2.

An estate manager is responsible for stocking a small lake with fish. He

begins by introducing 1000 fish into the lake and monitors their
population growth to determine the likely carrying capacity of the lake.
After one year an accurate assessment of the number of fish in the lake
is taken and it is found to be 1200.

Let N be the number of fish t years after the fish have been introduced
to the lake.

Initially it is assumed that the rate of increase of N will be constant.

(a)

Use this model to predict the number of fish in the lake when t=8 .

[2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics

senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in
the new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting
compared to formal exam papers.
N ( 8 )=1000+ 200 ×8 M1 ¿ 2600 A1 [2 marks]

When t=8 the estate manager again decides to estimate the number of
fish in the lake. To do this he first catches 300 fish and marks them, so
they can be recognized if caught again. These fish are then released
back into the lake. A few days later he catches another 300 fish,
releasing each fish after it has been checked, and finds 45 of them are
marked.

(b)

Assuming the proportion of marked fish in the second sample is equal to

the proportion of marked fish in the lake, show that the estate
manager will estimate there are now 2000 fish in the lake.

[2]

Markscheme

45 300
= M1A1 N=2000 AG [2 marks]
300 N
Let X be the number of marked fish caught in the second sample, where
X is considered to be distributed as B ( n , p ). Assume the number of fish in
the lake is 2000.

(c.i)

Write down the value of n and the value of p.

[2]

Markscheme

300
n=300 , p= =0.15 A1A1 [2 marks]
2000

([Link])

State an assumption that is being made for X to be considered as

following a binomial distribution.

[1]

Markscheme

Any valid reason for example: R1 Marked fish are randomly

distributed, so p constant. Each fish caught is independent of previous fish
caught [1 mark]

The estate manager decides that he needs bounds for the total number
of fish in the lake.

(d.i)

Show that an estimate for Var ( X ) is 38.25.

[2]

Markscheme

300 1700
Var ( X )=n p ( 1− p ) M1 ¿ 300 × × A1 ¿ 38.25 AG
2000 2000
[2 marks]
([Link])

Hence show that the variance of the proportion of marked fish in the

sample, Var
X
300 ( )
, is 0.000425 .

[2]

Markscheme

Var ( 300X )= Var300( X )

2 M1A1 ¿ 0.000425 AG [2 marks]

The estate manager feels confident that the proportion of marked fish in
the lake will be within 1.5 standard deviations of the proportion of
marked fish in the sample and decides these will form the upper and
lower bounds of his estimate.

(e.i)

Taking the value for the variance given in (d) (ii) as a good
approximation for the true variance, find the upper and lower
bounds for the proportion of marked fish in the lake.

[2]

Markscheme

0.15 ± 1.5 √ 0.000425 (M1) 0.181 and 0.119 A1 [2 marks]

([Link])

Hence find upper and lower bounds for the number of fish in the lake
when t=8 .

[2]

Markscheme

300 300
=0.181 … , =0.119 … M1 Lower bound 1658 upper bound
N N
2519 A1 [2 marks]
(f)

Given this result, comment on the validity of the linear model used in
part (a).

[2]

Markscheme

Linear model prediction falls outside this range so unlikely to be a good

model R1A1 [2 marks]

The estate manager now believes the population of fish will follow the
L
logistic model N ( t )= − k t where L is the carrying capacity and C , k > 0.
1+C e

The estate manager would like to know if the population of fish in the
lake will eventually reach 5000.

(g.i)

Assuming a carrying capacity of 5000 use the given values of N ( 0 ) and

N ( 1 ) to calculate the parameters C and k .

[5]

Markscheme

5000 5000
1000= M1 C=4 A1 1200= −k M1
1+C 1+ 4 e
−k 3800
e = (M1) k =− ln ( 0.7916 … )=0.2336 … A1 [5
4 ×1200
marks]

([Link])

Use these parameters to calculate the value of N ( 8 ) predicted by this

model.

[2]
 Markscheme

5000
N ( 8 )= −0.2336 ×8
=3090 M1A1 Note: Accept any answer that
1+ 4 e
rounds to 3000. [2 marks]

(h)

Comment on the likelihood of the fish population reaching 5000.

[2]

Markscheme

This is much higher than the calculated upper bound for N ( 8 ) so the rate of
growth of the fish is unlikely to be sufficient to reach a carrying capacity of
5000. M1R1 [2 marks]

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