Fundamental of Mathematics

Not To Be Discussed in Class

SECTION - 1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. Consider the following statements :

y ln7 – x ln11
S1 : x = log11 7 and y = log7 11 , then e is equal to 1.
2
S2 : For real values of x : x – |x| = 0 has 3 distinct solutions.
State, in order, whether S1, S2 are true or false
(A) T F (B) F F (C) F T (D) T T

2. Consider the following statements :

S1 : log10 a, log3 a, loge a, log2 a (a > 1) are in increasing order
S2 : log 1 + log 2 + log 3 = log (1 × 2 × 3)
State, in order, whether S1, S2 are true or false
(A) T F (B) F F (C) F T (D) T T

1 2 1
3. Number of positive integral solutions of the equation + =
x y 4
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10

19 19
4. If a, b, c are integers such that |a – b| + |c – a| = 1, find the value of |c – a| + |a – b| + |b – c|
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 4

5. The minimum value of the expression

y = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| + |x – 4| + |x – 5| + |x – 6| + |x – 7| + |x – 8| is
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 16 (D) 18

2000
6. Given that log (2) = 0.3010....., number of digits in the number 2000 is
(A) 6601 (B) 6602 (C) 6603 (D) 6604

log 576
7. Let a = ( log 3 p )( log 2 3 )( log p 2 ) , b = the base of the logarithm being 10,
3 log 2 + log 3

( 4x
c = 2 sum of the solution of the equation (3) - (3)
( 2x + log 3 (12))
+ 27 = 0 ) and d = 7(log 7 2 + log7 3)

then (a + b + c ¸ d) simplifies to
(A) rational which is not natural. (B) natural but not prime.
(C) irrational (D) even but not composite
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8. The expression 12 + 6 3 + 12 - 6 3 simplifies to

(A) 4 (B) 2 3 (C) 3 3 (D) 6

9. Let x = 3 - 5 and y = 3 + 5 . If the value of the expression x – y + 2x2y + 2xy2 – x4y + xy4 can be
expressed in the form p + q where p, q Î N, then (p + q) has the value equal
(A) 410 (B) 610 (C) 510 (D) 540

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4 5 5 4
10. If a · b = 1 then the value of loga(a b ) equals
9 8
(A) (B) 4 (C) 5 (D)
5 5

11. Let B, C, P and L be positive real numbers such that

log (B · L) + log (B · P) = 2;
log (P · L) + log (P · C) = 3;
log (C · B) + log (C · L) = 4
The value of the product (BCPL) equals (base of the log is 10)
2 3 4 9
(A) 10 (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) 10

12. The sides of a triangle ABC are as shown in the given figure. Let D be any internal point of this triangle and let
e, f, and g denote the distance between the point D and the sides of the triangle. The sum (5e + 12f + 13g) is
equal to

(A) 120 (B) 90 (C) 60 (D) 30

2 2
13. The real x and y satisfy simultaneously log8x + log4y = 5 and log8y + log4x = 7 then the value of xy is
equal to
9 12 18 24
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2

14. If log 2 ( 4 + log 3 ( x ) ) = 3 , then sum of digits of x is-

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 18

x+2
15. Given log102 = a and log103 = b. if 3 = 45. The value of x in terms of a and b is
a -1 1-a 1+ a b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
b b b 1-a

16. Suppose that, log10(x – 2) + log10y = 0 and x + y - 2 = x + y . Then the value of (x + y), is
(A) 2 (B) 2 2 (C) 2 + 2 2 (D) 4 + 2 2

17. If logc 2 . logb 625 = log1016 . logc10 where c > 0 ; c ¹ 1 ; b > 1 ; b ¹ 1 determine b -
(A) 25 (B) 5 (C) 625 (D) 16

18. The sum of all the solutions to the equation 2 log x – log(2x – 75) = 2
(A) 30 (B) 350 (C) 75 (D) 200
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x x
19. The sum of the solutions of the equation 9 – 6 · 3 + 8 = 0 is
(A) log3 2 (B) log3 6 (C) log3 8 (D) log3 4

20. If log3(x) = p and log7(x) = q, which of the following yields log21(x)?

1 1 pq
(A) pq (B) (C) -1 -1
(D) -1
p+q p +q p + q -1

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21. Number of integers satisfying the inequality log1/2 | x – 3 | > – 1 is
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) infinite

22. Which of the following expresses the circumference of a circle inscribed in a sector OAB with radius R and
AB=2a?
Ra
(A) 2p
R+a

2pR 2
(B)
9
2
(C) 2p(R – a)
R
(D) 2p
R-a

23. Consider a right triangle with legs of length a and b and hypotenuse of length c. If k denotes the area of the
triangle then the value of (a + b) equals

c2 4k
(A) c + 2 k (B) 2
c + 4k (C) (D)
4 k c

x |x|
24. The solution of 2 + 2 ³ 2 2 is

(
(A) – ¥,log 2 ( 2 + 1) ) (B) (0, ¥)

æ1 ö
(C) ç 2 , log 2 ( 2 – 1) ÷
è ø
( é1 ö
(D) – ¥, log 2 ( 2 – 1)ùû È ê , ¥ ÷
ë2 ø

25. Number of integral solution of the equation, 4 log

x 2 ( x ) + 2log ( x ) = 3 log ( x ) . is :
4x
2
2x
3

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) None of these

SECTION - 2 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

3 2
3 log10 x - log10 x
26. If x1 and x2 are the solutions of the equation x 3 = 100 3 10 then -
(A) x1x2 = 1 (B) x1 . x2 = x1 + x2 (C) log x2 x1 = –1 (D) log (x1 . x2) = 0

y
27. If x & y are real numbers and = x , then 'y' cannot take the value(s) :
x
(A) - 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

( x)
x
x
28. If p, q Î N satisfy the equation x = then p & q are -
(A) relatively prime
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(B) twin prime

(C) coprime
(D) if logqp is defined then logpq is not & vice versa

25
29. Consider the number N = 24 . Also, log10 2 » 0.3010 & log10 3 » 0.4771. Then,
(A) Last digit of N is 4 (B) Last digit of N is 6
(C) No of digits in N are 34 (D) No of digits in N are 35

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30. The expression, logp logp p p p where p ³ 2, p Î N, when simplified is

...... p p
14
4244 3
n radical sign

(A) independent of p, but dependent on n (B) independent of n, but dependent on p

(C) dependent on both p & n (D) negative.

31. Select the correct statement.

æ1ö
(A) log319 · log1/73 · log4 ç ÷ < 2
è7ø
2
(B) The equation log1/3(x + 8) = – 2 has two real solutions.

1
(C) Let N = log215 · log1/62 · log3 æç ö÷ . The greatest integer which is less than or equal to N is 3.
è6ø
(D) The equation log4x + log4(x + 2) = log4(3x) has no prime solution.

3 3
32. If a + b + 3ab = 1, then which of the following can be true
(A) a + b = 1 (B) a = b = –1 (C) a = 3b (D) 3a = b

33. If log45 = x and log56 = y then

1 1
(A) log46 = xy (B) log64 = xy (C) log32 = (D) log23 =
2xy - 1 2xy - 1

34. For the equation log3 x

x + log3x x = 0, which of the following do not hold good?
(A) no real solution (B) one prime solution (C) one integral solution (D) no irrational solution

1 1.........1
35. Let tn = 142 43 then
n tim es

(A) t102 is not prime (B) t951 is not prime (C) t540 is not prime (D) t91 is not prime

36. If 2576a456b is divisible by 15, then

(A) a may take the value 5 (B) b may take the value 0
(C) a may take the value 4 (D) a may take the value 6

SECTION - 3 : COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS

Comprehesion-1

Two circles C1 and C2 are externally separated. The distance between the centres of C1 and C2 is 5 units and
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their radii are 1 and 2 respectively

37. The length of internal /transverse common tangents is :

(A) 5 (B) 2 6 (C) 4 (D) 3 2
38. The length of external /direct common tangents is :
(A) 5 (B) 2 6 (C) 4 (D) 3 2
39. The mininum distance between the two circles is :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
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 Fundamental of Mathematics

Comprehesion-2

æ x3 - 6x2 + 11x - 6 ö
ç 2 ÷ £ 0 has complete solution set x Î (-¥,1] È [ a,b ] È ( c,d ) then
è ( x - 9x + 20)1001 (x2 - x + 30) ø

40. value of a + b + c + d =
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 16

b- a
41. value of d - c

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7

42. value of abc d = 15 k then k is

(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) none of these

Comprehesion-3

P(x) is a polynomial of degree 5 with leading coefficient unity such that

P(1) = 1, P(2) = 4, P(3) = 9, P(4) = 16, P(5) = 25.

43. P(6) =
(A) 156 (B) 120 (C) 36 (D) 126

44. The constant term in the expression of P(x) is

(A) 110 (B) –100 (C) –120 (D) 24

45. P(–1) =
(A) –120 (B) –721 (C) –719 (D) None of these

Comprehension–4

Consider the number N = 8 7 a 2 7 9 3 1 b, where b is a digit at unit's place and a is a digit at ten lakh's place.
Answer the following questions.

46. The greatest value of b for which N is divisible by 8 is

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6

47. The least value of a for which N is divisible by 12 is

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
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48. Number of values of a + b for which N is divisible by 11 is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

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SECTION - 4 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS

49. Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entry of column-I are to be uniquely matched with only
one entry of column-II.

Column-I Column-II

1 1 1 1
(A) + + + ........ + (P) 3
2 +1 3+ 2 4+ 3 49 + 48

(B) Let A = log 3

8·log 4 81 ; B = log 6
3·log 3 36 . (Q) 6
Then the value of (A – B) equals

2 æ1ö
(C) Let A = log 2 ç ÷ ; B = log 2
3
(8) ; C = - log 5 log 3 5
9 . (R) 7
è4ø 2

æA ö
Then the value of çè + C÷ø equals
B

(D) ( 3
4 - 3 10 + 3 25 ) ( 3
2+35 ) (S) 8

50. Column-I Column-II

(A) When the repeating decimal 0.363636............. is written as a rational (P) 4

fraction in the simplest form, the sum of the numerator and denominator is
q r
(B) Given integer p, q and r with p = 3 · 2 and 100 < p < 1000. (Q) 8
The difference between maximum and minimum values of (q + r), is

(C) If log8a + log8b = (log8a)(log8b) and logab = 3, then the value of 'a' is (R) 15

2 4 32
(D) Let N = (2 + 1)(2 + 1)(2 + 1) ........ (2 + 1) + 1 then log256N equals (S) 16

51. Let log102 = a and log103 = b then

Column-I Column-II

æ 5p ö 4(2a + b)
(A) log10 ç sin 2 ÷ equals (P)
è 3ø 1 - a + 2b

2b 2 + 3a 2
(B) log1004 + 2 log10027 equals (Q)
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ab

(C) log29 + log38 equals (R) a + 3b

(D) log 45
144 equals (S) b – 2a

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52. Match the following column

Column–I Column–II

(A) Number of integers satisfying (x+3) . (x–3) £ 0 (P) 24

(B) If (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n +4) is always divisible by r for (Q) 12

all n Î I, then maximum value of r must be necessarily

(C) If a n = 999....9
1424 3 then a24 is divisible by (R) 7
n times

A
(D) In the following figure, DABC, (S) 31
DACD and DADE and right angled triangle. E

AB CD AD
If = = = 2 then find the D
BC AC DE
B C
éæ AE ö 2 ù
value of êç BC ÷ ú ,
êëè ø úû

where [·] represent G.I.F.

SECTION - 5 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

53. The length of a common internal tangent to two circles is 7 and a common external tangent is 11. Compute the
product of the radii of the two circles .

4 2
54. If a Î I & a + a + 1 is prime. Find the possible values of a ?

2 3 2
55. Given that 3x + x = 1. Find the value of 6x – x – 3x + 2010.

56. In a D ABC, AB = 52, BC = 56, CA = 60. Let D be the foot of the altitude from A, and E be the intersection
of the internal angle bisector of ÐBAC with BC. Find the length DE.

57. If log 2 ( log 2 (log 3 x)) = log 2 ( log 3 (log 2 y)) = 0 then find the value of (x + y).

1 1 2x + 4xy – 2y
58. If – = 4. Find the value of
x y x – y – 2xy

59. If log10 2 = 0.3010 and log 10 3 = 0.4771, then find :

15
(a) the number of integers in 6
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–100
(b) the number of zeros immediately after the decimal in 3

a b c
60. If x = = = , then value of x is ?
b+c c+a a+b

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SECTION - 6 : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

61. A polynomial in x of degree three vanishes when x = 1 and x = – 2, and has the values 4 and 28 when
x = – 1 and x = 2 respectively is

62. An equilateral triangle and a regular hexagon have the same perimeter, find the ratio of their areas.

( )
log a3 x
63. The solution set of the equation x log a x = a p is_____________, (where a > 0 & a ¹ 1) .

64. If log72 = m, then log49 28 in terms of m has the value equal to _____________.

65. What can be said about the numbers, a 1, a2,......., an if it is known that,
| a1 | + | a 2 | + | a 3 | +....... + | a n | = 0.

66. Solve the simultaneous equations :

|x + 2| + y = 5,x – |y| = 1

log a log b log c a b c

67. If = = , show that a . b . c = 1.
b-c c-a a-b

68. Which is greater

(a) log23 or log1/25 (b) log711 or log8 5

69. 2log4 (4 – x) = 4 – log 2 (– 2 – x).

loga N
70. Prove that = 1 + loga b & indicate the permissible values of the letters :
logab N
b
log b log b N g
log b a
71. 4
Compute the following : (a) log1/ 3 729. 9 .27 3 -1 -4 / 3 (b) a

loga [Link] b [Link] c N

72. Prove the identity ; loga [Link] b N + log b [Link] c N + log c [Link] a N =
logabc N

73. Which is smaller ? 2 or ( loge -1 2 + log2 e - 1) .

74. Prove that a x - by = 0 where x = log a b & y = log b a , a >0 , b > 0 & a , b ¹ 1.
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loga N loga N - logb N 2

75. If = where N > 0 & N ¹ 1, a, b, c > 0 & not equal to 1, then prove that b = ac.
logc N log b N - logc N

76. Solve the system of the equations ax b g log a

= byb g log b
; blog x = a log y where a > 0, b > 0 and a ¹ b , ab ¹ 1

77. Find the real solutions to the system of equations

log10(2000xy) – log10x . log10y = 4
log10(2yz) – log10y . log10z = 1
and log10(zx) – log10z . log10x = 0

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78. Find x satisfying the equation log 2 æç 1 + 4ö 2æ 4 ö 2æ 2 ö

÷ø + log çè 1 - ÷ø = 2log çè - 1÷ .
è x x+4 x -1 ø

æ 1ö æ 1ö
79. Solve for x : log 2 ( 4 - x ) + log ( 4 - x ) .log ç x + ÷ - 2log 2 ç x + ÷ = 0 .
è 2ø è 2ø

2 3
80. Find the value of the expression 6
+
log 4 (2000) log 5 (2000)6

81. Solve the system of equations :

loga x loga (xyz) = 48
loga y loga (xyz) = 12, a > 0, a ¹ 1
loga z loga (xyz) = 84

82. Solve for x :

logx log5
(a) 5 + 5x =3 (a > 0) ; where base of log is a
(b) logx2.log2x2 = log4x2

2 2
83. Solve for x : logx+1(x +x–6) = 4

84. Solve for x : log3 / 4 log8 (x2 + 7) + log1 / 2 log1 / 4 (x2 + 7) -1 = -2 .

SECTION - 7 : ASSERTION–REASON QUESTIONS

These questions contains, Statement I (assertion) and Statement II (reason).

(A) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I.
(C) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false.
(D) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true.

2 2 2 3 3 3
85. Statement-I : If a = y , b = z , c = x , then 8logax . logb y .logcz = 27
Becuase
1
Statement-II : logba. logcb = logca, also logb a =
loga b
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

86. Statement-I : If log(log x) 5 = 2, then x = 5 5

5
Becuase
1/b
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Statement-II : logxa = b, if a > 0, then x = a

(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

87. Statement-I : The equation log 1 (5 + x2 ) = log(3 + x2 ) (15 + x ) has real solutions.
2 +|x|

Becuase
Statement-II : log1/ba = –logba (where a,b > 0 and b ¹ 1) and if number and base both are greater than
unity then the logarithm is positive.
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

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88. Statement-I : |x + 1| = |x| + 1 Possible only when xÎ[0, ¥]
Becuase
Statement-II : |x1 + x2| = |x1| + |x2| Þ x1x2 ³ 0.
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

n
89. Statement-I : 22 + 1 is divisible by 2 but not by 4, n Î N
Becuase
n
2
Statement-II : 2 + 1 is an odd number., n Î N
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

* * * * * * *

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ANSWERS
YEAR LONG REVISION EXERCISE
SECTION - 1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D D B A C C A D B A
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. B C A C B C B D C C
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. C A B D C
SECTION - 2
Que. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ans. ACD AB ACD AD AD BD AB AC ABD ABCD ABC

SECTION - 3
Que. 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Ans. C B A C A B A C C B
Que. 47 48
Ans. A C
SECTION - 4
49. (A) ® (Q), (B) ® (S), (C) ® (P), (D) ® (R)
50. (A) ® (R), (B) ® (P), (C) ® (S), (D) ® (Q)
51. (A) ® (S), (B) ® (R), (C) ® (Q), (D) ® (P)
52. (A) ® (R), (B) ® (P), (C) ® (R), (D) ® (S)
SECTION - 5
53. 18 54. a = ± 1 55. 2009 56. 6
2
57. 17 58. 59. (a) 12, (b) 47
3
1
60. x = or – 1
2

SECTION - 6
1
61. f (x) = (x – 1) (x + 2) (3x + 1) 62. 2 : 3 63. x = ap ,1
1
64. +m 65. a1 = a2 = a3 .... = an = 0 66. y = 1, x = 2
2
68. (a) log23, (b) log711 69. x = {–4} 71. (a) – 1, (b) logbN 73. 2
1 1
76. x = ,y = 77. (x, y, z) º (1, 5, 1), (100, 5, 100) 78. 2, 6
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a b
7 3 ± 24 1 4 7 –4 –1 –7
79. x = 0, , 80. 81. (x, y, z) = (a , a, a ) or (a , a , a )
4 2 6

82. (a) a – log 5 2 , (b) 2± 2 83. x = 1 84. x = ± 3

SECTION - 7

85. (A) 86. (A) 87. (D) 88. (A) 89. (D)

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