Introduction
→ Sound helps us to communicate with one another and plays an important
role in our life.
→ Vibrating body produces sound.
→ In this chapter, we will know about how sound is produced and how we hear
them.
Vibration motion
→ to-and-fro or back-and-forth or up-and-down motion of a body.
→ Sound is a form of energy that is produced by producing vibration in an
object.
→ Sound cannot move through vacuum.
→ Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
How sound is produced by Humans?
→ In humans, sound is produced by voice box or larynx.
→ When the lungs force air through the slit, the vocal cord vibrates which
produce sound.
→ Sometimes, the amplitude of produced sound is so small that we can't hear
them.
→ The muscles attached to the vocal cords can make the cords tight or loose
to produce different types of sounds.
→ Different people have different vocal chords. Due to this reason, we all have
a different voice quality.
Propagation of Sound
→ Sound requires material medium for propagation.
→ Sound can travel through solid, liquid or gas.
→ Sound cannot travel through vacuum.
→ No sound can be heard in outer spaces.
Frequency
→ Frequency is measure of number of oscillations per second.
→ It is measured in hertz(Hz).
Loudness of sound
→ It is measured in decibel (dB).
→ It depends on amplitude.
• Higher amplitude– louder sound
→ Pitch or shrillness depends on frequency.
• Higher frequency– higher pitch
• Audible sound– Human ear can hear sounds having frequency in the range
of 20-20,000 Hz.
Noise
→ Unpleasant sound is called noise.
Noise pollution
→ Presence of unwanted and excessive sound in the environment
→ Noise pollution may cause many health related problems.
Measures to control noise pollution
→ Moving noise producing industries away from residential area.
→ Minimizing the usage of loud speakers.
→ Avoiding unnecessary usage of horns\
→ Planting more and more trees.
Human ear
→ Human ear has three parts outer, middle and inner.
→ Shape of the outer part of the ear is like a funnel.
→ In human ear, the eardrum vibrates and passes vibration to the inner ear.
→ The eardrum is like a stretched rubber sheet.
→ Sound vibrations make the eardrum vibrate, from there the signal goes to
the brain.
→ Noise level of 85 dB can damage the human ear.
Question 1.
Choose the correct answer.
Sound can travel through
(a) gases only
(b) solids only
(c) liquids only
(d) solids, liquids, and gases
Answer:
(d) solids, liquids, and gases.
Question 2.
Voice of which of the following is likely to have a minimum frequency?
(a) Baby girl
(b) Baby boy
(c) A man
(d) A woman
Answer:
(c) A man
Question 3.
In the following statements, tick ‘T’ against those which are true and ‘F’ against those which are false.
1. Sound cannot travel in a vacuum.
2. The number of oscillations per second of a vibrating object is called its time period.
3. If the amplitude of vibration is large, the sound is feeble.
4. For human ears, the audible range is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
5. The lower the frequency of vibration, the higher is the pitch.
6. Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music.
7. Noise pollution may cause partial hearing impairment.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. True
Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called _______
2. Loudness is determined by the ________ of vibration.
3. The unit of frequency is ________
4. Unwanted sound is called _______
5. The shrillness of a sound is determined by the ______ of vibration.
Answer:
1. Time period
2. Amplitude
3. Hertz (Hz)
4. Noise
5. Frequency
Question 5.
A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.
Answer:
No. of oscillation = 40
Total time is taken = 4 seconds
Question 6.
The sound from a mosquito is produced when it vibrates its wings at an average rate of 500
vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration?
Answer:
Number of vibrations per second = 500
Question 7.
Identify the part which vibrates to produce sound in the following instruments.
1. Dholak
2. Sitar
3. Flute
Answer:
1. Stretched membrane
2. String of sitar
3. Air column
Question 8.
What is the difference between noise and music? Can music become noise sometimes?
Answer:
The type of sound which are unpleasant to listen is known as noise whereas music is a pleasant
sound, which produces a sensation.
Yes, music can become noise when it’s too loud.
Question 9.
List the sources of noise pollution in your surroundings.
Answer:
Following are the major sources of noise pollution:
Sound of vehicles
Sound of kitchen appliances
Sound of bursting crackers
Sound of loudspeakers, TV, transistors
Question 10.
Explain in what way noise pollution is harmful to humans.
Answer:
Noise pollution causes:
(a) Lack of sleep
(b) Anxiety
(c) Hypertension
and these are harmful to health.
Question 11.
Your parents are going to buy a house. They have been offered one on the roadside and another
three lanes away from the roadside. Which house would you suggest your parents should buy?
Explain your answer.
Answer:
I would suggest my parents buy a house three lanes away from the roadside because house on the
roadside would be much noisy in both days and night due to running vehicles. Whereas, a house
three lanes away would be comparatively quieter as the intensity of noise decreases with the
distance between the source and the listener.
Sketch larynx and explain its function in your own words.
Answer:
Larynx is also known as voice box. It is at the upper end of the windpipe. Two vocal cords are
stretched across the voice box or larynx in such a way that it leaves a narrow slit between them for
passage of air (Fig. 13.12). When lung force air through the slit, the vocal cords vibrate, producing
sound. Muscles attached to the vocal cords can make the cords tight or loose.
When the vocal cords are tight and thin, the type or quality of voice is different from that when they
are loose and thick.
Question 13.
Lightning and thunder take place in the sky at the same time and at the same distance from us.
Lightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later. Can you explain why?
Answer:
The speed of light is more than that of the speed of sound. Thus, due to more speed of light it
reaches us before sound. So, lightning is s
