exam practice 1 [85 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 16]
On her first day in a hospital, Kiri receives u1 milligrams (mg) of a therapeutic drug. The amount of the
drug Kiri receives increases by the same amount, d, each day. On the seventh day, she receives 21 mg
of the drug, and on the eleventh day she receives 29 mg.
(a.i) Write down an equation, in terms of u1 and d, for the amount of the drug that she
receives on the seventh day. [1]
Markscheme
(amount taken in the 7th day): u1 + 6d = 21 (A1)
Note: Accept u1 + (7 − 1)d = 21. The equations do not need to be simplified. They should
be given in terms of u1 and d for the marks to be awarded.
[1 mark]
([Link]) Write down an equation, in terms of u1 and d, for the amount of the drug that she
receives on the eleventh day. [1]
Markscheme
(amount taken in the 11th day): u1 + 10d = 29 (A1)
Note: Accept u1 + (11 − 1)d = 29. The equations do not need to be simplified. They should
be given in terms of u1 and d for the marks to be awarded.
[1 mark]
(b) Write down the value of d and the value of u1. [2]
Markscheme
(u1 =) 9 (A1)(ft)
(d =) 2 (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (a), but only if values are positive and u1 < 21.
[2 marks]
Kiri receives the drug for 30 days.
(c) Calculate the total amount of the drug, in mg, that she receives. [3]
Markscheme
(S30 =)
30
2
(2 × 9 + (30 − 1) × 2) (M1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution in the sum of an arithmetic sequence formula; (A1)(ft) for their
correct substitution.
1140 (mg) (A1)(ft)(G3)
Note: Follow through from their u1 and d from part (b).
[3 marks]
Ted is also in a hospital and on his first day he receives a 20 mg antibiotic injection. The amount of the
antibiotic Ted receives decreases by 50 % each day. On the second day, Ted receives a 10 mg antibiotic
injection, on the third day he receives 5 mg, and so on.
(d.i) Find the amount of antibiotic, in mg, that Ted receives on the fifth day. [3]
Markscheme
20 × (0.5)4 (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into the geometric sequence formula, (A1) for correct
substitution.
1.25 (mg) (A1)(G3)
[3 marks]
([Link]) The daily amount of antibiotic Ted receives will first be less than 0.06 mg on the k th
day. Find the value of k. [3]
Markscheme
k−1
20 × (0.5) < 0.06 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the geometric sequence formula; (M1) for
comparing their expression to 0.06. Accept an equation instead of inequality.
(k =) 10 (10th day) (A1)(ft)(G3)
Note: Follow through from part (d)(i), if 0 < r < 1. Follow through answers must be rounded up
for final mark.
[3 marks]
([Link]) Hence find the total amount of antibiotic, in mg, that Ted receives during the first k
days. [3]
Markscheme
10
20(1−0.5 )
1−0.5
(M1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into sum of a geometric sequence formula, (A1)(ft) for correct
substitution.
Follow through from their u1 and r in part (d)(i), if 0 < r < 1. Follow through from their k in part
(d)(ii) but only if k is a positive integer.
40.0 (39.9609…) (mg) (A1)(ft)(G2)
[3 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 13]
The diagram shows the straight line L1. Points A(−9, − 1), M(−3, 2) and C are points on L1.
(a) Find the gradient of L1. [2]
Markscheme
2−(−1)
−3−(−9)
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the gradient formula.
=
1
2
(
3
6
, 0. 5) (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
M is the midpoint of AC.
(b) Find the coordinates of point C. [2]
Markscheme
−1+y
−3 =
−9+x
2
(−6 + 9 = x) and 2 =
2
(4 + 1 = y) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the midpoint formula for both coordinates.
OR
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for a sketch showing the horizontal displacement from M to C is 6 and the
vertical displacement is 3 and the coordinates at M.
OR
−3 + 6 = 3 and 2 + 3 = 5 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct equations seen.
(3, 5) (A1)(G1)(G1)
Note: Accept x = 3, y = 5. Award at most (M1)(A0) or (G1)(G0) if parentheses are missing.
[2 marks]
Line L2 is perpendicular to L1 and passes through point M.
(c) Find the equation of L2. Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where
a, b, d ∈ Z. [3]
Markscheme
gradient of the normal = −2 (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from their gradient from part (a).
y − 2 = −2(x + 3) OR 2 = −2(−3) + c (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of M and their gradient of normal into straight line
formula.
2x + y + 4 = 0 (accept integer multiples) (A1)(ft)(G3)
[3 marks]
The point N(k, 4) is on L2.
(d) Find the value of k. [2]
Markscheme
2(k) + 4 + 4 = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of y = 4 into their equation of normal line or substitution of
M and (k, 4) into equation of gradient of normal.
k = −4 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from part (c).
[2 marks]
(e) Find the distance between points M and N. [2]
Markscheme
2 2
√ (−4 + 3) + (4 − 2) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituting point M and their N into distance formula.
√ 5 (2. 24, 2. 23606 …) (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (d).
[2 marks]
(f ) Given that the length of AM is √45, find the area of triangle ANC. [2]
Markscheme
2
× (2 × √ 45) × √ 5 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into area of a triangle formula. Award (M0) for their
× (√ 45) × √ 5 without any evidence of multiplication by 2 to find length AC. Accept
1
any other correct method to find the area.
15 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Accept 15. 02637 … from use of a 3 sf value for √5. Follow through from part (e).
[2 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 19]
Mosaic Industries is an international company that sells cell phone cases. Their market research
predicts that the average number of cases they will sell each month is modelled by the equation
n = 20 000 − 1000x
where x represents the selling price, in euro (EUR), of each case.
A salesperson suggests that Mosaic Industries should sell the cases for 16 EUR each.
(a) Find the average number of cases that this model predicts Mosaic Industries will sell
at this price. [2]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute 16 into the given formula (M1)
n = 20 000 − 1 000(16)
n = 4000 A1
[2 marks]
(b) Calculate Mosaic Industries’ average monthly income, before any expenses, at this
selling price. [2]
Markscheme
multiplying their answer to part (a) by 16 (M1)
(average monthly income =) 16 × 4 000
64 000 (EUR) A1
[2 marks]
(c) Hence, write down the function R (x) that can be used to predict Mosaic Industries’
average monthly income, before expenses, at any selling price, x . [1]
Markscheme
R(x) = x(20 000 − 1000x) OR R(x) = 20 000x − 1000x
2
A1
[1 mark]
Mosaic Industries has 10 000 EUR of fixed monthly operational costs. Additionally, Mosaic
Industries must pay their phone case supplier 10 EUR for each case.
(d) Calculate Mosaic Industries’ average monthly profit if they sell each case at a price of
16 EUR. [3]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to find total costs (both fixed and variable) AND subtract from their 64 000 (M1)
64 000 − (10 000 + 10 × 4 000) (A1)
OR
attempt to find total profit from cases AND subtract fixed costs (M1)
(16 − 10) × 4 000 − 10 000 (A1)
THEN
= 14 000 (EUR) A1
[3 marks]
(e) Show that the average monthly profit for any selling price, x, can be found using the
function P (x) = −1 000x
2
+ 30 000x − 210 000. [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to subtract total costs in terms of x from their R(x) (M1)
2
(P (x) =)(20 000x − 1 000x ) − (10 000 + 10 (20 000 − 1 000x))
correct intermediate step leading to given answer A1
(e.g. correct expansion of 10 (20 000 − 1 000x))
P (x) = − 1 000x
2
+ 30 000x − 210 000 AG
Note: Do not award the A1 mark if the AG line is not stated.
METHOD 2
attempt to express profit per case, and then subtract fixed monthly costs (M1)
(P (x) = )(x − 10)(20 000 − 1 000x) − 10 000
correct expansion leading to the given answer A1
P (x) = − 1 000x
2
+ 30 000x − 210 000 AG
Note: Do not award the A1 mark if the AG line is not stated.
[2 marks]
(f.i) Find P ′(x). [2]
Markscheme
(P ′(x) =) − 2 000x + 30 000 A1A1
Note: Award at most A1A0 if additional terms are seen.
[2 marks]
([Link]) Show that the salesperson’s selling price does not maximize their average monthly
profit. [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
OR sketch of P (x) OR use of x
b
P ′(x) = 0 = −
2a
x = 15 is the maximum, not 16 A1R1
hence salesman’s price is not the optimum AG
Note: Award A1 for x = 15, and R1 for comparing it to 16 OR making a statement that is some
version of the AG line. It is possible to award A1R0.
METHOD 2
P ′(16) = − 2000 ≠ 0 A1R1
hence salesman’s price is not the optimum AG
Note: Award A1 for finding an appropriate value, and R1 for comparing it to zero. It is possible to
award A1R0. To award the R1 a statement that is some version of the AG line must also be given.
METHOD 3
finding P (x) for any value from 14 < x < 16 A1
comparing this value to their part (d) R1
hence salesman’s price is not the optimum AG
Note: It is possible to award A1R0. To award the R1 a statement that is some version of the AG line
must also be given.
[2 marks]
Mosaic Industries negotiates a new deal with their phone case supplier. Under the new deal, the
supplier agrees to discount the cost of each case based on the number of cases purchased by Mosaic
Industries. The cost charged by the supplier for each case can be found using the function
C(n) = 10 − 0. 0001n
where n represents the number of cases sold by Mosaic Industries.
(g) Find the function that can be used to find Mosaic Industries’ average monthly profit
using the new deal from the supplier. [3]
Markscheme
substituting the expression for n into cost function, C (n). (M1)
(cost =) 10 − 0. 0001 (20 000 − 1 000x) = 8 + 0. 1x
substituting C (x) into the total cost expression and subtracting for R(x) (M1)
(New P (x) =)
2
(20 000x − 1 000x ) − (10 000 + (8 + 0. 1x)(20 000 − 1 000x))
A1
((New P (x) =) −900x
2
+ 26 000x − 170 000)
[3 marks]
(h) Hence, find the selling price, per case, that Mosaic Industries should choose in order
to maximize their average monthly profit under the new deal. [2]
Markscheme
130
14. 4 (EUR) (14. 4444 … ,
9
) A2
[2 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 9]
An athlete on a horizontal athletic field throws a discus. The height of the discus above the field, in
metres, after it is thrown can be modelled using a quadratic function of the form
+ bx + c, where x represents the horizontal distance, in metres, that the discus has
2
f (x) = ax
travelled from the athlete.
A specialized camera tracks the initial path of the discus after it is thrown by the athlete. The camera
records that the discus travels through the three points (3 , 2. 82), (6 , 4. 25) and (9 , 5. 30),
as shown in Diagram 1.
(a) Use the coordinates (3 , 2. 82) to write down an equation in terms of a, b and c. [1]
Markscheme
2
2. 82 = a(3) + b(3) + c OR 2. 82 = 9a + 3b + c A1
[1 mark]
(b) Use your answer to part (a) and two similar equations to find the equation of the
quadratic model for the height of the discus. [3]
Markscheme
finding other equations to solve simultaneously (M1)
2 2
4. 25 = a(6) + b(6) + c AND 5. 30 = a(9) + b(9) + c
OR 4. 25 = 36a + 6b + c AND 5. 30 = 81a + 9b + c
any one coefficient in equation correct (A1)
f (x) = − 0. 0211x
2
+ 0. 667x + 1. 01 A1
2
(f (x) = − 0. 0211111 … x + 0. 666666 … x + 1. 01)
19 2 2 101
(f (x) = − x + x + )
900 3 100
Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)A0 if answer is not expressed as an equation.
[3 marks]
A 1. 8-metre-high wall is 30 metres from where the athlete threw the discus, as shown in Diagram 2.
(c) Show that the model predicts that the discus will go over the wall. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute 30 into their equation (M1)
(f (30) =) 2. 01 A1
2. 01 > 1. 8 OR therefore the discus will go over the wall R1
Note: Do not award A0R1; their value must be seen to credit a correct conclusion.
[3 marks]
(d) Find the horizontal distance that the discus will travel, from the athlete until it first
hits the ground, according to this model. [2]
Markscheme
setting their equation equal to zero OR graph with the zero indicated (M1)
0 = −0. 0211111 … x
2
+ 0. 666666 … x + 1. 01 … OR f (x) = 0
33. 0 (33. 0275 …) (m) A1
[2 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 9]
A sports player on a horizontal athletic field hits a ball. The height of the ball above the field, in metres,
after it is hit can be modelled using a quadratic function of the form f (x) = ax
2
+ bx + c, where
x represents the horizontal distance, in metres, that the ball has travelled from the player.
A specialized camera tracks the initial path of the ball after it is hit by the player. The camera records
that the ball travels through the three points (3, 2. 36), (10, 5) and (17, 7. 16), as shown in
Diagram 1.
(a) Use the coordinates (3, 2. 36) to write down an equation in terms of a, b, and c. [1]
Markscheme
2
2. 36 = a(3) + b(3) + c OR 2. 36 = 9a + 3b + c A1
[1 mark]
(b) Use your answer to part (a) and two similar equations to find the equation of the
quadratic model for the height of the ball. [3]
Markscheme
finding other equations to solve simultaneously (M1)
2 2
5 = a(10) + b(10) + c AND 7. 16 = a(17) + b(17) + c
OR 5 = 100a + 10b + c AND 7. 16 = 289a + 17b + c
any one coefficient in equation correct (A1)
f (x) = −0. 00490x
2
+ 0. 441x + 1. 08 A1
Note: Condone the 2 sf answer for the coefficient of x2 i.e. −0. 0049.
2
(f (x) = −0. 00489795 … x + 0. 440816 … x + 1. 08163 …)
6 2 108 53
(f (x) = − x + x + )
1255 245 49
Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)A0 if answer is not expressed as an equation.
[3 marks]
A 4-metre-high fence is 80 metres from where the player hit the ball, as shown in Diagram 2.
(c) Show that the model predicts that the ball will go over the fence. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute 80 into their equation (M1)
(f (80) =)5 A1
5 > 4 OR therefore the ball will go over the fence R1
Note: Do not award A0R1; their value must be seen to credit a correct conclusion.
[3 marks]
(d) Find the horizontal distance that the ball will travel, from the player until it first hits
the ground, according to this model. [2]
Markscheme
setting their equation equal to zero, graph (M1)
0 = −0. 00489795 … x
2
+ 0. 440816 … x + 1. 08163 … OR f (x) = 0
92. 4 (92. 3902 …) (m) A1
[2 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 19]
Howell Industries is an international company that sells travel coffee mugs. Their market research
predicts that the average number of mugs they will sell each month is modelled by the equation
n = 20 000 − 1 000x
where x represents the selling price, in euro (EUR), of each mug.
A salesperson suggests that Howell Industries should sell the mugs for 16 EUR each.
(a) Find the average number of mugs that this model predicts Howell Industries will sell
at this price. [2]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute 16 into the given formula (M1)
n = 20 000 − 1 000 (16)
n = 4000 A1
[2 marks]
(b) Calculate Howell Industries’ average monthly income, before any expenses, at this
selling price. [2]
Markscheme
multiplying their answer to part (a) by 16 (M1)
(average monthly income =) 16 × 4 000
64 000 (EUR) A1
[2 marks]
(c) Hence, write down the function R (x) that can be used to predict Howell Industries’
average monthly income, before expenses, at any selling price, x. [1]
Markscheme
R (x) = x(20 000 − 1 000x) OR R (x) = 20 000x − 1 000x
2
A1
[1 mark]
Howell Industries has 10 000 EUR of fixed monthly operational costs. Additionally, Howell
Industries must pay their mug supplier 10 EUR for each coffee mug.
(d) Calculate Howell Industries’ average monthly profit if they sell each mug at a price of
16 EUR. [3]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to find total costs (both fixed and variable) AND subtract from their 64 000 (M1)
64 000 − (10 000 + 10 × 4 000) (A1)
OR
attempt to find total profit from mugs AND subtract fixed costs (M1)
(16 − 10) × 4000 − 10 000 (A1)
THEN
= 14 000 (EUR) A1
[3 marks]
(e) Show that the average monthly profit for any selling price, x, can be found using the
function P (x) = −1 000x
2
+ 30 000x − 210 000. [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to subtract total costs in terms of x from their R(x) (M1)
2
(P (x) =)(20 000x − 1 000x ) − (10 000 + 10 (20 000 − 1 000x))
correct intermediate step leading to given answer A1
(e.g. correct expansion of 10 (20 000 − 1 000x))
P (x) = −1 000x
2
+ 30 000x − 210 000 AG
Note: Do not award the A1 mark if the AG line is not stated.
METHOD 2
attempt to express profit per mug, and then subtract fixed monthly costs (M1)
(P (x) =)(x − 10)(20 000 − 1 000x) − 10 000 A1
correct expansion leading to the given answer
P (x) = −1 000x
2
+ 30 000x − 210 000 AG
Note: Do not award the A1 mark if the AG line is not stated.
[2 marks]
(f.i) Find P ′(x). [2]
Markscheme
(P ′(x) =) − 2 000x + 30 000 A1A1
Note: Award at most A1A0 if additional terms are seen.
[2 marks]
([Link]) Show that the salesperson’s selling price does not maximize their average monthly
profit. [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
OR sketch of P (x) OR use of x
b
P ′(x) = 0 = −
2a
x = 15 is the maximum, not 16 A1R1
hence salesman’s price is not the optimum AG
Note: Award A1 for x = 15, and R1 for either comparing it to 16 OR making a statement that is
some version of the AG line. It is possible to award A1R0.
METHOD 2
P ′(16) = −2000 ≠ 0 A1R1
hence salesman’s price is not the optimum AG
Note: Award A1 for finding an appropriate value, and R1 for comparing it to zero. It is possible to
award A1R0. To award the R1 a statement that is some version of the AG line must also be given.
METHOD 3
finding P (x) for any value from 14 < x < 16 A1
comparing this value to their part (d) R1
hence salesman’s price is not the optimum AG
Note: It is possible to award A1R0. To award the R1 a statement that is some version of the AG line
must also be given.
[2 marks]
Howell Industries negotiates a new deal with their mug supplier. Under the new deal, the supplier
agrees to discount the cost of each mug based on the number of mugs purchased by Howell
Industries. The cost charged by the supplier for each mug can be found using the function
C (n) = 10 − 0. 0001n
where n represents the number of mugs sold by Howell Industries.
(g) Find the function that can be used to find Howell Industries’ average monthly profit
using the new deal from the supplier. [3]
Markscheme
substituting the expression for n into cost function, C (n). (M1)
(cost =) 10 − 0. 0001 (20 000 − 1 000x) = 8 + 0. 1x
substituting C (x) into the total cost expression and subtracting for R (x) (M1)
(New P (x) =)
2
(20 000x − 1 000x ) − (10 000 + (8 + 0. 1x)(20 000 − 1 000x)) A1
((New P (x) =) −900x
2
+ 26 000x − 170 000)
[3 marks]
(h) Hence, find the selling price, per mug, that Howell Industries should choose in order
to maximize their average monthly profit under the new deal. [2]
Markscheme
14. 4 (EUR) (14. 4444 … ,
130
9
) A2
[2 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024
