can we find a local integral domain such that M^2=0
ChatGPT a dit :
ChatGPT
Yes, a local integral domain where the square of the maximal ideal is zero can indeed exist. One of the
simplest examples is the ring of dual numbers.
Example:
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
)
Let's consider the ring
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
), where
is the finite field with two elements
{
{0,1}, and
=0.
1. Structure of the Ring:
The ring
[ϵ] consists of elements of the form
𝑎
a+bϵ, where
a,b∈F
and
=0. So the elements are:
0
,
A={0,1,ϵ,1+ϵ}.
This is a ring with 4 elements. Each element is either a constant (from
) or a sum of a constant and
ϵ.
2. Maximal Ideal
M:
The maximal ideal
M in this ring is the set of elements that are "infinitesimally small," i.e., those that involve
𝜖
ϵ but no constant term. Thus, the maximal ideal is:
M={ϵ,1+ϵ}.
This is the ideal generated by
ϵ, consisting of the elements where the constant term is zero.
3. Maximal Ideal
The square of the maximal ideal is the ideal generated by the products of elements in
M:
𝑀
2
0.
=(ϵ)⋅(ϵ)=(ϵ
)=0.
Therefore,
=
0
=0 in this ring.
4. Integral Domain:
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
) is an integral domain because it has no zero divisors. Specifically,
0
ϵ
=0 and
=0, but no nonzero elements multiply to give zero. This ring is isomorphic to a 2-dimensional vector
space over
, which is an integral domain by definition.
Conclusion:
/
(
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
) is a local integral domain with the maximal ideal
M=(ϵ) and
=0.
This is the simplest example of a local integral domain where the square of the maximal ideal is zero.
Vous avez dit :
is it a field
ChatGPT a dit :
ChatGPT
No,
A=F
2
[ϵ]/(ϵ
) is not a field. Here’s why:
Field Definition:
A field is a ring in which every non-zero element has a multiplicative inverse.
Structure of
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
2
):
The ring
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
) consists of the elements
,
𝜖
{0,1,ϵ,1+ϵ}, where
=0.
The elements are linear combinations of
1 and
ϵ with coefficients in
.
Checking for Inverses:
Let's check if every non-zero element of
A has a multiplicative inverse:
The element
1 is clearly invertible because
1×1=1.
The element
ϵ does not have an inverse. Suppose it did, say
ϵ×x=1 for some
𝐴
x∈A. Since
=0, multiplying
ϵ by any element of
A will either give 0 or a multiple of
ϵ, not 1. Therefore,
ϵ does not have a multiplicative inverse.
Since
ϵ does not have an inverse,
A is not a field.
Conclusion:
While
=
𝐹
A=F
[ϵ]/(ϵ
) is a local ring and an integral domain (with no zero divisors), it is not a field because
ϵ does not have a multiplicative inverse.
