TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview of Gender and Environment
1.2 Significance of Gender in Environmental Issues
1.3 Scope and Objective of the Study
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1 Definition and Concept of Gender
2.2 Environmental Issues and Sustainability
2.3 Intersection of Gender and Environment
2.4 Relevant Theories and Models
3. Gendered Impacts of Environmental Issues
3.1 Effects of Climate Change on Women and Men
3.2 Gendered Access to Natural Resources
3.3 Impacts of Pollution and Environmental Degradation
3.4 Case Studies: Gendered Vulnerabilities in Environmental Disasters
4. Barriers to Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
4.1 Institutional and Structural Barriers
4.2 Cultural and Social Norms
4.3 Lack of Gender-Sensitive Data and Research
4.4 Political and Economic Constraints
5. Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
5.1 Definition and Importance
5.2 Key Principles of Gender-Responsive Policies
5.3 Examples of Gender-Responsive Environmental Initiatives
5.4 Gender Mainstreaming in Environmental Policy
6. Case Studies
6.1 Gender and Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Areas
6.2 Women in Resource Management: Water, Agriculture, and Forests
6.3 Gender and Natural Disasters: Lessons from International Programs
7. Challenges and Opportunities for Gender-Responsive Environmental
Policy
7.1 Overcoming Resistance to Change
7.2 Ensuring Effective Implementation
7.3 Building Capacity and Empowering Women
7.4 Policy Recommendations for Gender Equality in Environmental Actions
8. Conclusion
8.1 Summary of Key Findings
8.2 Importance of Gender Integration in Environmental Governance
8.3 Future Directions for Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
9. References
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between gender and environment is a critical and complex area of
study, as it highlights how social roles, power dynamics, and environmental issues
intersect. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities
that are often associated with biological sex, while the environment encompasses the
natural, social, and political surroundings in which individuals live and interact.
Environmental problems such as climate change, resource depletion, and
biodiversity loss have gendered dimensions that shape the experiences and
challenges faced by different groups, especially women and men.
Environmental issues do not affect all individuals equally; rather, they
disproportionately impact marginalized and vulnerable populations. Gender, being
a key factor in shaping roles and access to resources, significantly influences how
individuals and communities experience the impacts of environmental crises.
Women, for example, often have primary responsibility for tasks related to resource
management, such as collecting water, firewood, and food, especially in rural and
developing regions. As environmental degradation leads to the depletion of these
vital resources, women face an increased burden of labor and hardship.
The study of gender and environment examines the ways in which gender relations
influence the way people access, use, and manage environmental resources. It also
looks at how environmental degradation exacerbates gender inequalities. On the
other hand, it recognizes the important role that women, particularly in rural and
indigenous communities, play in addressing environmental challenges through their
traditional ecological knowledge, leadership in environmental movements, and
contributions to sustainable practices.
This assignment explores the gendered impacts of environmental issues, the role of
women in responding to these challenges, and the barriers to the inclusion of gender
perspectives in environmental policy-making. By integrating gender into
environmental strategies and solutions, we can foster a more inclusive, sustainable,
and equitable approach to tackling environmental problems.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The intersection of gender and environmental issues is explored through several key
theoretical lenses. These frameworks help to understand how gender roles and
relations shape, and are shaped by, environmental challenges. Below are two
significant theoretical approaches to the study of gender and the environment:
Ecofeminism and Gender and Development Theory.
1. Ecofeminism
Ecofeminism is a theory that links the oppression of women and the degradation of
the environment. Rooted in feminist thought, it argues that the exploitation of both
women and the natural world stems from the same patriarchal structures of power
that prioritize domination and control.
Ecofeminists contend that historically, societies have constructed a dualistic
worldview that associates men with culture, reason, and control, while associating
women with nature, emotion, and nurturing. This binary is used to justify the
exploitation of both women and the environment, positioning them as resources to
be controlled, consumed, and manipulated.
Key Ideas in Ecofeminism:
Gendered Nature: Women are often seen as closer to nature due to their roles in
childbirth and caregiving. This has led to both the idealization and marginalization
of women, as well as the environment, in patriarchal systems.
Interconnected Oppressions: Ecofeminism highlights how the domination of nature
and women are interconnected, with environmental exploitation often going hand-
in-hand with gender inequality.
Resistance and Empowerment: Ecofeminism also emphasizes the importance of
women’s leadership in environmental justice movements. Women in rural and
indigenous communities are often seen as environmental stewards who hold
valuable knowledge and practices that can contribute to sustainability and the
healing of both gender inequality and environmental degradation.
Notable ecofeminists like Vandana Shiva and Karen Warren have been instrumental
in illustrating how the exploitation of nature and the oppression of women are
inseparable, arguing that solving environmental problems requires addressing
gender-based inequalities.
2. Gender and Development Theory
Gender and Development (GAD) theory focuses on the structural and relational
aspects of gender, considering how gender roles and relations affect access to
resources, decision-making power, and opportunities. Unlike earlier approaches that
only focused on women’s roles in development, GAD emphasizes the importance of
analyzing the power dynamics between men and women and how these shape the
distribution of resources and responsibilities.
Key Concepts in GAD:
Power Relations: GAD theory underscores the importance of power in
understanding gender inequalities. It examines how societal norms and institutions
determine the roles, rights, and responsibilities of men and women, and how these
power dynamics influence access to and control over resources.
Women as Agents of Change: GAD acknowledges women’s central role in
addressing environmental challenges. Women are not just victims of environmental
degradation but also active participants in environmental management, often through
traditional ecological knowledge and local practices.
Intersectionality: GAD also considers the intersectionality of gender with other
social categories like class, race, ethnicity, and age. It highlights how different
groups of women (e.g., rural women, indigenous women, and women from
marginalized communities) experience environmental challenges differently based
on their social positioning.
This theory encourages a shift from viewing gender as a static, biological category
to understanding it as a dynamic, social construct that shapes individuals'
experiences in complex ways. By examining gender in relation to development,
GAD proposes that sustainable development can only be achieved by promoting
gender equality and empowering women.
3. Gender and Environment in Policy and Practice
Both ecofeminism and gender and development theories challenge traditional
environmental policies and practices that often overlook the gendered dimensions of
environmental issues. By applying these frameworks, environmental policies can
become more inclusive, recognizing the essential roles women play in
environmental management, resource conservation, and sustainability.
For instance, feminist perspectives suggest that environmental policies should:
Recognize the division of labor based on gender, particularly in rural areas where
women may be responsible for gathering natural resources.
Promote women's participation in environmental decision-making to ensure that
policies reflect the needs and contributions of women.
Address the root causes of both environmental degradation and gender inequality,
such as the patriarchal structures that limit women's access to resources, education,
and leadership positions.
Gendered Impacts of Environmental Issues
Environmental problems, including climate change, resource depletion,
deforestation, and pollution, do not affect all individuals equally. Gender plays a
significant role in determining how these issues are experienced by different
communities, particularly in terms of access to resources, vulnerability, and coping
capacities. Gendered impacts occur because social roles and responsibilities, which
vary by gender, shape how men and women interact with their environments and
how they respond to environmental challenges.
1. Climate Change and Its Gendered Impact
Climate change has far-reaching consequences that disproportionately affect
women, particularly in developing countries. The impacts of climate change, such
as increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, temperature rise, and
changing precipitation patterns, often exacerbate existing gender inequalities.
Vulnerability of Women: In many rural and developing areas, women are
responsible for collecting water, firewood, and other natural resources. When these
resources become scarce due to droughts or deforestation, women bear the primary
burden. Women are also often more dependent on the environment for their
livelihoods, especially in agriculture, where they play a significant role in food
production.
Increased Care Burden: Climate-induced disasters like floods, droughts, and storms
often result in the destruction of homes and infrastructure, displacing families.
Women, especially those in low-income settings, are often left with the
responsibility of managing the household, taking care of children, the elderly, and
the sick, which becomes even more challenging during crises.
Health Impacts: Climate change also affects women’s health in particular ways. For
instance, higher temperatures and extreme weather events exacerbate malnutrition
and waterborne diseases, to which women and children are more susceptible due to
their roles in caregiving and childrearing.
2. Resource Scarcity and Gender Roles
In many societies, women are primarily responsible for collecting water, fuelwood,
and food, which are all directly impacted by environmental degradation. As
resources become scarcer due to environmental degradation or climate change,
women experience the consequences more acutely.
Water Scarcity: In regions facing water shortages due to climate change or
overexploitation, women and girls often spend several hours each day fetching
water. This task is especially burdensome in arid areas, where water sources are far
away. Lack of access to clean water also increases the likelihood of waterborne
diseases, which disproportionately affect women and children, as they are often the
caregivers.
Energy Shortages: The increasing difficulty in gathering firewood and other forms
of energy sources also burdens women, particularly in rural areas. This leads to more
time spent on fuel collection and less time for education, work, or other productive
activities. In some cases, women and children face health risks from cooking over
open fires, which cause respiratory problems.
3. Natural Disasters and Gendered Vulnerability
Natural disasters, which are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate
change, often hit marginalized communities hardest. Gender plays a critical role in
determining how individuals experience and respond to these disasters.
Displacement and Security Risks: During disasters like floods, hurricanes, or
earthquakes, women often face greater risks of displacement, injury, and death. For
instance, studies have shown that women are more likely to die in natural disasters
than men, due to lower levels of mobility, lack of access to emergency services, or
social expectations that restrict their ability to escape.
Gender-Based Violence: Women and girls are at a higher risk of gender-based
violence during and after disasters. Displacement often leads to overcrowded living
conditions in refugee camps or temporary shelters, where women are more
vulnerable to sexual violence and exploitation. Furthermore, during post-disaster
reconstruction, women’s needs may be overlooked in the planning process, leading
to further inequality.
4. Agriculture, Food Security, and Gender
In many developing countries, women play a central role in agriculture and food
production, which are directly affected by environmental changes like drought,
desertification, and the loss of biodiversity. Gendered impacts on agriculture and
food security are particularly evident in rural areas.
Impact on Agricultural Productivity: Climate change affects crop yields and
agricultural productivity, areas where women are often directly involved. Changes
in weather patterns, pests, and soil degradation can reduce food availability, putting
a strain on women who manage household food production. This also increases food
insecurity, which impacts women’s health and well-being.
Access to Land and Resources: In many societies, women have limited access to
land ownership or control over agricultural resources. This limits their ability to
invest in or adapt to changes in agricultural practices that might mitigate the effects
of climate change. When women do not have equal access to resources, such as land,
credit, or technology, their ability to adapt to environmental changes and secure a
sustainable livelihood is compromised.
5. Health Impacts and Gender
Environmental issues also have specific health implications that disproportionately
affect women, particularly in relation to water and sanitation, air pollution, and
climate-related diseases.
Water and Sanitation: Poor water quality, especially in regions where sanitation
infrastructure is inadequate, has a greater impact on women and children. Women
are typically responsible for collecting water and maintaining household hygiene.
When water sources become contaminated, it directly affects the health of women
and children, increasing the burden on women caregivers.
Air Pollution: In rural areas where women are responsible for cooking using biomass
fuels, such as wood or crop residue, exposure to indoor air pollution is a significant
health risk. Women are more likely to suffer from respiratory problems due to
prolonged exposure to smoke from cooking stoves, leading to chronic illnesses like
pneumonia and bronchitis.
Reproductive Health: Climate change and environmental degradation also impact
women’s reproductive health. For example, increased heat and flooding can lead to
the spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, which have a higher
impact on pregnant women and young children.
Barriers to Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
Despite growing recognition of the importance of integrating gender considerations
into environmental policies and practices, several barriers still prevent the effective
implementation of gender-responsive environmental policies. These barriers stem
from a combination of structural, social, cultural, and institutional factors that inhibit
the inclusion of gender perspectives in environmental decision-making and
governance. Below are some key barriers to achieving gender-responsive
environmental policies:
1. Gender Norms and Stereotypes
Deep-rooted gender norms and stereotypes often shape the way people perceive
gender roles in both society and the environment. Traditional beliefs about the roles
of men and women often reinforce the notion that women are more suited to
domestic duties, caregiving, and resource management, while men are seen as the
primary breadwinners, landowners, or decision-makers.
Limited Agency of Women: In many societies, women’s involvement in
environmental decision-making is limited by cultural beliefs and norms that prevent
them from taking leadership roles. Women's participation in formal political and
environmental processes may be undermined by these traditional gender roles,
which can also affect their ability to engage in discussions on environmental
sustainability and resource management.
Exclusion from Leadership Roles: Gender norms often result in women being
excluded from leadership positions in environmental governance and policymaking,
leading to the marginalization of their perspectives in the design and implementation
of policies. This exclusion prevents the incorporation of gendered knowledge and
needs into environmental strategies.
2. Lack of Gender-Disaggregated Data
One of the major barriers to designing gender-responsive environmental policies is
the lack of gender-disaggregated data on environmental issues. Many environmental
policies are formulated without considering how environmental problems affect men
and women differently.
Limited Research and Evidence: In many regions, environmental data and research
often fail to consider gender as a critical variable. Gender-disaggregated data, which
is essential for understanding how women and men experience environmental issues
differently, is often unavailable, incomplete, or inadequately collected.
Policy Development Gaps: Without gender-sensitive data, it is difficult for
policymakers to assess the specific needs, vulnerabilities, and contributions of
women and men in environmental issues. This results in policies that fail to address
gendered impacts, leading to a lack of equitable access to environmental resources,
decision-making, and benefits.
3. Institutional and Political Barriers
Environmental governance systems often lack the structures and mechanisms to
integrate gender considerations effectively. The failure to mainstream gender in
environmental policies can be attributed to institutional and political barriers, which
hinder the creation and implementation of gender-responsive policies.
Weak Gender Mainstreaming: Many environmental agencies and institutions lack
clear mandates for gender mainstreaming, leading to inadequate attention to gender
equality within their policies and programs. Gender equality is often viewed as a
separate issue, rather than an integral part of sustainable development and
environmental governance.
Lack of Political Will: While there is growing recognition of the importance of
gender-responsive environmental policies, political will is often lacking.
Governments and policymakers may prioritize short-term economic or political
gains over long-term, inclusive policies that address both environmental and gender
issues. In some cases, political leaders may resist or ignore gender equality initiatives
due to opposition from conservative factions or vested interests.
4. Limited Access to Resources and Capacity Building
Women, particularly in rural and marginalized communities, often face barriers in
accessing resources and capacity-building opportunities that would enable them to
participate in environmental decision-making.
Lack of Access to Land and Capital: Women, especially in developing countries,
often lack secure access to land, credit, and other resources that are essential for
sustainable environmental management. This lack of access limits their ability to
participate in environmental policy processes and implement gender-responsive
initiatives at the local level.
Insufficient Capacity Building: Women's limited access to education, training, and
information on environmental issues also hampers their ability to engage effectively
in policy-making. Without the proper skills and knowledge, women may not be able
to advocate for their interests or contribute fully to environmental management
efforts.
5. Fragmented and Uncoordinated Policies
Gender and environmental policies are often fragmented and lack coordination
across different sectors and levels of governance. This lack of integration between
gender, environmental, and development policies undermines efforts to address the
interconnectedness of gender equality and environmental sustainability.
Policy Silos: Environmental policies are often developed in isolation from gender
equality policies, and vice versa. This siloed approach results in the failure to address
the root causes of both gender inequality and environmental degradation. For
example, policies related to natural resource management may not consider how
women’s roles and access to these resources differ from men’s.
Lack of Multi-Sectoral Integration: There is often insufficient integration of gender
considerations into key environmental sectors such as agriculture, energy, water
management, and climate change. This lack of cross-sectoral coordination prevents
the development of holistic, gender-responsive policies that address the complex and
interrelated issues of gender and environment.
6. Economic and Structural Inequality
Economic disparities and structural inequality are significant barriers to gender-
responsive environmental policies. In many regions, women are economically
marginalized and lack the financial and political capital needed to influence
environmental decision-making.
Poverty and Vulnerability: Many women, particularly in rural or marginalized
communities, are economically disadvantaged and highly vulnerable to
environmental shocks. The intersection of poverty and gender means that women
are often the hardest hit by environmental crises, yet they lack the financial resources
or access to power needed to effectively advocate for change.
Unequal Distribution of Resources: Structural inequalities in the distribution of
resources such as land, water, and credit further exacerbate gender-based
vulnerabilities to environmental challenges. These inequalities limit women’s
capacity to engage in sustainable environmental practices or benefit from
environmental policies aimed at addressing climate change or resource management.
7. Gender-Insensitive Environmental Education and Advocacy
Environmental education and advocacy efforts are often gender-blind, failing to
address the specific needs and contributions of women in environmental
management.
Male-Dominated Environmental Movements: Many environmental movements and
organizations are led by men, with women’s voices and perspectives sidelined. This
limits the representation of women in environmental advocacy and decision-making,
and results in policies that do not reflect the unique needs and experiences of women,
particularly in rural or indigenous communities.
Gender-Insensitive Education: Environmental education programs often fail to
address the gendered dimensions of environmental issues, resulting in the
perpetuation of stereotypes and misperceptions about women’s roles in
environmental conservation and management. Gender-sensitive education is
necessary to raise awareness about the links between gender and environmental
issues.
Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
Gender-responsive environmental policies refer to policies that recognize and
address the different needs, roles, and vulnerabilities of men and women in relation
to environmental issues. These policies integrate gender considerations into
environmental decision-making, resource management, and climate change
mitigation and adaptation efforts. Gender-responsive policies aim to promote gender
equality, environmental sustainability, and social justice by ensuring that both
women and men benefit equally from environmental initiatives and that their
differing needs are taken into account in policy design and implementation.
Key Principles of Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
Recognition of Gender Differences: Gender-responsive environmental policies
acknowledge the differing ways in which men and women interact with their
environment. For example, women often have primary responsibility for household
tasks such as water collection, food production, and fuel gathering, while men may
be more involved in agriculture, land management, and decision-making.
Recognizing these differences helps ensure that environmental policies are inclusive
and address the specific needs of both genders.
Equitable Access to Resources: Gender-responsive policies aim to ensure equal
access to environmental resources such as land, water, energy, and technology. This
is crucial because women, particularly in rural and marginalized communities, often
face barriers to accessing resources due to discriminatory practices or lack of legal
rights. Equal access to these resources empowers women, enhances their economic
opportunities, and helps them build resilience to environmental challenges.
Participation and Decision-Making: One of the cornerstones of gender-responsive
environmental policies is ensuring the participation of women in decision-making
processes. Women should be actively involved in shaping environmental policies,
resource management strategies, and climate change adaptation plans. Their
inclusion not only helps address gendered impacts but also leverages their unique
knowledge and expertise in managing natural resources.
Recognition of Women's Roles in Environmental Stewardship: Women's roles as
environmental stewards, especially in rural and indigenous communities, are often
undervalued. Gender-responsive policies recognize women as active agents of
environmental sustainability and empower them to lead efforts in conservation,
biodiversity protection, sustainable agriculture, and climate change mitigation.
Key Components of Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
Gender Mainstreaming: Gender mainstreaming involves integrating a gender
perspective at all stages of policy design, implementation, and evaluation. This
includes assessing how environmental issues affect men and women differently,
ensuring that gender is considered in decision-making processes, and identifying
opportunities to reduce gender disparities in environmental outcomes. Gender
mainstreaming also involves addressing power imbalances and supporting women's
leadership in environmental governance.
Capacity Building and Empowerment: Gender-responsive policies focus on building
the capacity of both women and men to engage in environmental decision-making
and resource management. This may include offering education, training, and
technical support to women in areas such as sustainable agriculture, water
management, climate resilience, and environmental policy advocacy. Empowering
women through knowledge and skills enhances their ability to participate in
environmental initiatives and improve their livelihoods.
Access to Gender-Disaggregated Data: Effective gender-responsive environmental
policies require accurate and comprehensive gender-disaggregated data. This data
provides insights into how environmental issues, such as climate change or resource
scarcity, affect men and women differently. Data collection that disaggregates
information by gender enables policymakers to understand the specific needs,
vulnerabilities, and contributions of women and men, leading to more targeted and
effective interventions.
Addressing Gender-Based Vulnerabilities: Gender-responsive policies aim to reduce
the gendered vulnerabilities that result from environmental degradation and climate
change. Women, particularly in developing countries, are often more vulnerable to
the impacts of environmental disasters, water scarcity, and food insecurity. Policies
should focus on building women's resilience to these impacts by providing access to
resources, technology, and support networks.
Promoting Women's Leadership: Gender-responsive environmental policies
prioritize the leadership and involvement of women in environmental governance.
This includes creating opportunities for women to hold leadership positions in
environmental organizations, local community groups, and policy-making bodies.
Women's leadership is essential for ensuring that environmental policies and
strategies are inclusive, equitable, and effective.
Examples of Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
The Gender and Climate Change Action Plan (GCCAP): Many international
organizations, including the United Nations, have developed frameworks like the
GCCAP to guide the integration of gender equality in climate change policies and
programs. This action plan emphasizes the importance of gender-responsive climate
change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and mitigation strategies, with a focus on
ensuring that women are involved in decision-making and that their specific
vulnerabilities are addressed.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The United Nations' SDGs, particularly
Goal 5 (Gender Equality) and Goal 13 (Climate Action), encourage the integration
of gender considerations into environmental policies. For example, SDG 13
explicitly calls for gender-responsive climate action and highlights the importance
of empowering women in environmental governance.
National Environmental and Climate Change Policies: Some countries have
integrated gender into their national environmental and climate change policies. For
instance, Nepal's Climate Change Policy includes provisions for enhancing women’s
participation in climate change adaptation and ensuring that women’s needs are
addressed in disaster management plans. The policy recognizes women’s
vulnerability to climate change and aims to provide equal opportunities for women
in climate resilience programs.
Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM): Many community-based
resource management programs integrate gender considerations by involving
women in decision-making processes related to the management of local natural
resources. For example, in some parts of Africa, women are involved in managing
water resources, forest conservation, and wildlife protection through community-
based organizations, which help ensure more sustainable and equitable outcomes.
Challenges to Implementing Gender-Responsive Environmental Policies
Institutional Resistance: Many environmental agencies and institutions still operate
under patriarchal structures that do not prioritize gender equality. This resistance to
change can hinder the integration of gender-responsive policies and practices,
particularly when policymakers and institutions are unwilling to challenge gender
stereotypes or alter existing power dynamics.
Lack of Political Will: Gender-responsive environmental policies require strong
political commitment. However, many governments prioritize economic growth and
development over gender equality, especially in countries where gender inequality
is deeply entrenched. Without political will, policies that promote gender equality in
environmental governance are less likely to succeed.
Inadequate Funding: Gender-responsive environmental policies often lack sufficient
funding and resources for implementation. In many cases, gender equality initiatives
are viewed as secondary to other environmental goals, and as a result, gender-
focused programs receive limited support. Adequate financial resources are essential
for empowering women and ensuring their active participation in environmental
decision-making.
Cultural and Social Barriers: In many communities, deeply entrenched gender norms
and cultural practices restrict women’s access to decision-making platforms,
education, and resources. Overcoming these cultural barriers requires significant
social and educational change, which can be slow and difficult to achieve.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the intersection of gender and environmental issues is a critical area
of study and action. Gender-responsive environmental policies are essential for
addressing the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation on women,
especially in marginalized communities. These policies ensure that both men and
women can equally participate in environmental decision-making, benefit from
sustainable resource management, and access opportunities to build resilience
against environmental challenges such as climate change.
Despite the clear need for these policies, challenges such as institutional resistance,
inadequate funding, cultural barriers, and lack of political will continue to hinder
their widespread implementation. However, the growing recognition of gender
equality as a fundamental pillar of sustainable development, as seen through
frameworks like the SDGs and gender-inclusive climate action plans, offers hope
for more inclusive and equitable environmental governance.
For progress to be made, there must be a continuous effort to incorporate gender
perspectives in environmental policies at local, national, and international levels.
This includes empowering women, especially in resource-dependent communities,
to play a leading role in environmental stewardship, and ensuring that gender
considerations are embedded in all aspects of environmental management and
policy-making.
Ultimately, addressing the gendered dimensions of environmental challenges not
only helps create a more just and inclusive world but also strengthens environmental
sustainability by leveraging the full potential of all individuals, regardless of gender,
in tackling today’s pressing environmental issues.
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