Unit I: Dynamics of Contemporary
Nepali Society (20 hrs)
• a) Identity and ethnicity: concept and
debate
• b) Inclusion and exclusion: concept and
debate
• c) Nationalism: conceptual debate and
practice
• d) Federalism: concept, models,
application
• e) Secularism: conceptual debate and
practice
Dynamics of Contemporary Nepalese Society
1) Introduction
• Nepali society has been changing at a rapid rate for the past three decades, that
is, after the political changes of 2046. The political multifaceted process of
today's Nepalese society has started since the year 2007.
• However, from the year 2007 to 2046, many ups and downs were created
politically. It could not institutionalize the development and change of Nepali
society. But the political changes of the year 2046 provided political rights to the
citizens, albeit in a limited way. It started the production and liberalization of the
market.
• After that, it was not just the arrival of production methods, relationships, and
technology from outside. It expanded marketing. After that, an environment was
created to invest in information and communication, education, health, industry,
etc. from the private sector. Foreign investment is welcomed. The range of
products became wider.
• But along with this process, there was not much progress in aspects like social
justice, equality, inclusiveness, development of the national economy. It was
against this background that the Maoist People's War started for 10 years after the
year 2052.
• Although it had a negative impact on the Nepali society, new knowledge,
awareness and awareness began to be created for the transformation of the
Nepali society from the foundation of the people's war. It also played an
important role in exposing political differences, caste differences, gender
differences, regional differences, religious differences, and tribal differences.
• From this point, political, economic and social efforts have been made for the
transformation of Nepali society.
CON ..
• In this background, the issues of Madhesh became organized.
After that, the mass movement of the year 2062/063 was
concrete for the transformation of Nepali society Prepared the
bases.
• There were also rights and identity movements through caste
and tribal movements. The actions of institutionalizing the
issues of republicanism, federalism, secularism and
inclusiveness were also done through these political
awakenings and movements that happened at different times.
• Institutionalization of all these social dimensions, efforts and
achievements was done through the Interim Constitution of
Nepal of 2063.
• The Constitution of the year 2072 has tried to cover many
contradictions in Nepali society such as the character of
government, inclusive-proportional state structure, language of
different communities, region and issues related to gender.
CON..
• Social transformation is a continuous process during the
development of society. It is a gradual and continuous
process of social development.
• Likewise, efforts made for development and change in
any society also affect it. The policies, rules, efforts and
practices adopted for the prosperity and development of
the country also facilitate social transformation. On the
other hand, today's society is affected by global events.
• The influence of technology, knowledge, education,
development, etc. in the world also affects the
transformation of society. Today's society is interrelated in
the international world through the market. It does not
have the same effect on all societies. It has both positive
and negative effects.
• Therefore, social transformation is influenced by internal
and external aspects. By means of that, development and
transformation and change in the society happen more or
less.
The following aspects can have a greater impact on the
transformation of society.
1. Social Needs
2. Impact of Economy
3. Nature of State Politics
4. Sense of Nationalism
5. Application of Technology
6. Connection with Market
7. Globalization
8. Democratization
9. Production of Knowledge and its application
10. Good Governance
[Link] for Alternatives
12. Applied Research
13. Participation
CON..
• Due to these various aspects, any society can increase in the process
of transformation. Any society has as much influence as these
mentioned aspects. Social transformation happens at the same rate.
• Social transformation is not possible by efforts alone. Therefore, it
depends on the periodic process. When the process of
democratization in a country, society or community is more powerful.
Then the participation of people from all levels of that place in politics
and development will increase. It leads to the change of society.
• Likewise, openness in a liberal economic system helps everyone to
participate, receive wages, and use their abilities. Likewise, if the state
can be welfare-oriented, it can create an action plan focusing on the
poor and backward sections of the society.
• If internal production, labor and knowledge can be connected with
foreign markets, it can bring positive changes in production. The use
of knowledge and technology available in the world market has also
contributed to the development of society.
• All these actions require a strong desire for change and
transformation of the people of the community. All these conditions
act when connected to each other. Only then is the transformation of
society more possible.
CON..
• socio-cultural movements also play an important
role.
• The empowerment provided by political change
has aided all these change movements.
• Today's Nepali society is becoming well-informed
through global knowledge, awareness and rights.
With the process of globalization, the mobility of
people has increased.
• Internally, the bases that can rise above the
ethnic, gender and socio-cultural narrowing have
also been built. The process of people becoming
aware of their rights is increasing.
The transformation of Nepali society
• From the point of view of change, the current
Nepali society can be seen and seen in this
way.
• 1) Beginning of practice of social security policy for social
development.
• 2) To institutionalize the process of democratization, the
creation of an inclusive proportional state system with a
republic.
• 3) Weak focus on globalization, foreign employment and
remittances Building the economy and developing a weak
national economy.
• 4) Establishment of peace process through transformation
of peace.
• 5) Rural economy created by urban migration, creation of
weak social relations.
Con...
• In this context, according to Chaitanya Mishra 2066, economic,
political and cultural changes in Nepal will become more dynamic
and intense in the coming decade.
• However, there is some possibility that such a change may occur. For
some time, the direction of change may be reversed and this
direction may go in the opposite direction of the progress associated
with democratization, capitalism and inclusion.
• After this analysis by Mishra, a new constitution was made in Nepal in
the year 2072. It has tried to address Nepali society's desire for
change and future aspirations.
• If there is a government practice according to this, there is a
possibility that the change can be more institutionalized and
connected with the wishes of the community.
• Democracy can be connected with local people and
disadvantaged communities as much as possible. Institutional
development can be the more change. All these processes can be
sustained only by participation.
Conclusion and analysis
• In sociology, social dynamics refers to the process of
change in society through the interaction and relationship
of social units.
• August Comte explained social change, progress and
development through the concept of social statics and
social dynamics while studying society.
• He particularly held the view that society can change as
a result of prolonged interaction of social units through the
concept of social dynamics.
• He called it Social Progress. The concept of social statics
developed by him emphasizes social consensus, unity
and stability.
• Social dynamics emphasizes the necessity of social
change. He emphasized on the fact that society changes
over a long period of time.
• To confirm this fact, he mentioned three levels of society
like religious (theological)
Con..
• He has said that society changes on metaphysical and positivism levels.
• After that, various classical sociologists like Dukhim, Spencer, Karl Marx,
etc. have explained about the character of traditional and modern
society to discuss the gradual change and transformation of society.
• We students of sociology think that the society is changing when we
discuss about the dynamics, change and development of any society.
When interpreting the Nepali society from this point of view, it cannot be
separated from the changes when it is considered in terms of Bubhada
and its multi-dimensional character.
• The context, cause and effect of change may be different, but Nepali
society without change cannot be imagined. Therefore, from the ancient
times to today's modern and capitalist society, it can be seen that there
have been extensive changes in the political, economic, social and
cultural aspects.
• Today's Nepali society is not isolated but interconnected with the world
community. Therefore, the process of global change has also played a
role in the change of Nepalese society. Our internal efforts are also
considered very important for change.
• The caste system and gender relations of Nepali society are changing in
the traditional rigid beliefs. An open, liberal, inclusive and proportional
state system has been created. In Nepal, a very religious country, the
state has embraced the policy of secularism.
• The centralized government form of the state has been changed to a
federal state system. It has increased the participation of all communities
in the state, development and administration. All these processes are
practices and examples of social mobility in Nepali society.
2) Identity and Ethnicity
• 2.1) Are you of tribal origin? (What is Ethnicity)
