w19 qp42 q3 7
3 (a) State what is meant by specific latent heat.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A student uses the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.1 to determine a value for the specific latent
heat of fusion of ice.
V
ice
heater
beaker
melted ice
pan of
balance
Fig. 3.1
The balance reading measures the mass of the beaker and the melted ice (water) in the
beaker.
The heater is switched on and pieces of ice at 0 °C are added continuously to the funnel so
that the heater is always surrounded by ice.
When water drips out of the funnel at a constant rate, the balance reading is noted at
2.0 minute intervals. After 10 minutes, the current in the heater is increased and the balance
readings are taken for a further 12 minutes.
© UCLES 2019 9702/42/O/N/19 [Turn over
8
The variation with time of the balance reading is shown in Fig. 3.2.
300
250
mass / g
200
150
100
50
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
time / minutes
Fig. 3.2
The readings of the ammeter and of the voltmeter are shown in Fig. 3.3.
ammeter reading voltmeter reading
/A /V
from time 0 to time 10 minutes 1.8 7.3
after time 10 minutes 3.6 15.1
Fig. 3.3
© UCLES 2019 9702/42/O/N/19
9
(i) From time 0 to time 10.0 minutes, 65 g of ice is melted.
Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the mass of ice melted from time 12.0 minutes to time
22.0 minutes.
mass = ...................................................... g [1]
(ii) Explain why, although the power of the heater is changed, the rate at which thermal
energy is transferred from the surroundings to the ice is constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Determine a value for the specific latent heat of fusion L of ice.
L = ................................................. J g–1 [4]
(iv) Calculate the rate at which thermal energy is transferred from the surroundings to the
ice.
rate = ..................................................... W [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2019 9702/42/O/N/19 [Turn over
m21 qp42 q3 8
3 (a) Using a simple kinetic model of matter, describe the structure of a solid.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The specific latent heat of vaporisation is much greater than the specific latent heat of fusion
for the same substance.
Explain this, in terms of the spacing of molecules.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) A heater supplies energy at a constant rate to 0.045 kg of a substance. The variation with time
of the temperature of the substance is shown in Fig. 3.1. The substance is perfectly insulated
from its surroundings.
80 Q
60
temperature
/ °C 40
20
0
P
–20
–40
–60
–80
–100
–120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time / min
Fig. 3.1
© UCLES 2021 9702/42/F/M/21
9
(i) Determine the temperature at which the substance melts.
temperature = .................................................... °C [1]
(ii) The power of the heater is 150 W.
Use data from Fig. 3.1 to calculate, in kJ kg–1, the specific latent heat of vaporisation L of
the substance.
L = .............................................. kJ kg–1 [3]
(iii) Suggest what can be deduced from the fact that section Q on the graph is less steep
than section P.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 9702/42/F/M/21 [Turn over
w17 qp41 q1
4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) State
(i) what may be deduced from the difference in the temperatures of two objects,
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the basic principle by which temperature is measured.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) By reference to your answer in (a)(ii), explain why two thermometers may not give the same
temperature reading for an object.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A block of aluminium of mass 670 g is heated at a constant rate of 95 W for 6.0 minutes.
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 910 J kg−1 K−1.
The initial temperature of the block is 24 °C.
(i) Assuming that no thermal energy is lost to the surroundings, show that the final
temperature of the block is 80 °C.
[3]
© UCLES 2017 9702/41/O/N/17
5
(ii) In practice, there are energy losses to the surroundings.
The actual variation with time t of the temperature θ of the block is shown in Fig. 1.1.
100
80
θ / °C
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t / minutes
Fig. 1.1
1. Use the information in (i) to draw, on Fig. 1.1, a line to represent the temperature of
the block, assuming no energy losses to the surroundings. [1]
2. Using Fig. 1.1, calculate the total energy loss to the surroundings during the heating
process.
energy loss = ...................................................... J [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 9702/41/O/N/17 [Turn over
w19 qp42 q3 7
3 (a) State what is meant by specific latent heat.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A student uses the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.1 to determine a value for the specific latent
heat of fusion of ice.
V
ice
heater
beaker
melted ice
pan of
balance
Fig. 3.1
The balance reading measures the mass of the beaker and the melted ice (water) in the
beaker.
The heater is switched on and pieces of ice at 0 °C are added continuously to the funnel so
that the heater is always surrounded by ice.
When water drips out of the funnel at a constant rate, the balance reading is noted at
2.0 minute intervals. After 10 minutes, the current in the heater is increased and the balance
readings are taken for a further 12 minutes.
© UCLES 2019 9702/42/O/N/19 [Turn over
8
The variation with time of the balance reading is shown in Fig. 3.2.
300
250
mass / g
200
150
100
50
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
time / minutes
Fig. 3.2
The readings of the ammeter and of the voltmeter are shown in Fig. 3.3.
ammeter reading voltmeter reading
/A /V
from time 0 to time 10 minutes 1.8 7.3
after time 10 minutes 3.6 15.1
Fig. 3.3
© UCLES 2019 9702/42/O/N/19
9
(i) From time 0 to time 10.0 minutes, 65 g of ice is melted.
Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the mass of ice melted from time 12.0 minutes to time
22.0 minutes.
mass = ...................................................... g [1]
(ii) Explain why, although the power of the heater is changed, the rate at which thermal
energy is transferred from the surroundings to the ice is constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Determine a value for the specific latent heat of fusion L of ice.
L = ................................................. J g–1 [4]
(iv) Calculate the rate at which thermal energy is transferred from the surroundings to the
ice.
rate = ..................................................... W [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2019 9702/42/O/N/19 [Turn over
m21 qp42 q3 8
3 (a) Using a simple kinetic model of matter, describe the structure of a solid.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The specific latent heat of vaporisation is much greater than the specific latent heat of fusion
for the same substance.
Explain this, in terms of the spacing of molecules.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) A heater supplies energy at a constant rate to 0.045 kg of a substance. The variation with time
of the temperature of the substance is shown in Fig. 3.1. The substance is perfectly insulated
from its surroundings.
80 Q
60
temperature
/ °C 40
20
0
P
–20
–40
–60
–80
–100
–120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time / min
Fig. 3.1
© UCLES 2021 9702/42/F/M/21
9
(i) Determine the temperature at which the substance melts.
temperature = .................................................... °C [1]
(ii) The power of the heater is 150 W.
Use data from Fig. 3.1 to calculate, in kJ kg–1, the specific latent heat of vaporisation L of
the substance.
L = .............................................. kJ kg–1 [3]
(iii) Suggest what can be deduced from the fact that section Q on the graph is less steep
than section P.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 9702/42/F/M/21 [Turn over
w17 qp41 q1
4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) State
(i) what may be deduced from the difference in the temperatures of two objects,
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the basic principle by which temperature is measured.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) By reference to your answer in (a)(ii), explain why two thermometers may not give the same
temperature reading for an object.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A block of aluminium of mass 670 g is heated at a constant rate of 95 W for 6.0 minutes.
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 910 J kg−1 K−1.
The initial temperature of the block is 24 °C.
(i) Assuming that no thermal energy is lost to the surroundings, show that the final
temperature of the block is 80 °C.
[3]
© UCLES 2017 9702/41/O/N/17
5
(ii) In practice, there are energy losses to the surroundings.
The actual variation with time t of the temperature θ of the block is shown in Fig. 1.1.
100
80
θ / °C
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t / minutes
Fig. 1.1
1. Use the information in (i) to draw, on Fig. 1.1, a line to represent the temperature of
the block, assuming no energy losses to the surroundings. [1]
2. Using Fig. 1.1, calculate the total energy loss to the surroundings during the heating
process.
energy loss = ...................................................... J [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 9702/41/O/N/17 [Turn over
