S 23

TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENTS

FOR SINGLE LINE

Issued in November 2009

INDIAN RAILWAYS INSTITUTE OF

SIGNAL ENGINEERING & TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SECUNDERABAD - 500 017
 S-23

TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENTS

FOR SINGLE LINE

CONTENTS
[Link] Chapter Page No

1 Introduction 1
2 Detailed Circuit Description 12
3 Frequency Modulation – Transmitter and Receiver 28
4 Modifications in 25 KV RE area 35
5 Special Requirements and General Maintenance 37
6 Method of Operation and Failure 43
7 Introduction To Push Button Tokenless Block Instrument 58
8 All ‘Q’ style relay version of Push Button Instrument 77
9 Method of Operation 101
10 Failure of Instrument 108
11 Review Questions 120

Drafted By B.U.M.K. Sridhar, IB-2

Checked By V. Subramaniam, LS2

Approved By Ch. Mohan, SPS

DTP and Drawings [Link], SE (D)

Verified by [Link], SSE(D)

No. of Pages 124

Date of Issue November, 2009

Version No A2

© IRISET
“ This is the Intellectual property for exclusive use of Indian Railways. No part of this publication
may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or reproduced in any way, including but not limited
to photo copy, photograph, magnetic, optical or other record without the prior agreement and
written permission of IRISET, Secunderabad, India”

[Link]
 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER – 1: INTRODUCTION
HANDLE TYPE TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE
IRS SPECIFICATION NO. IRS-S-98-2001

Due to various steps involved in Extracting Token & Handing over to Driver (Loco Pilot)
at despatching station and Handing over of token at Receiving station and Normalisation
causes delay (Token loss is another problem), this Token working is not suitable for high speed
trains / where traffic is dense. In this context, Tokenless were Introduced in Indian Railways.

1.1 The Signal Standards Committee in the 29th Report recommended the introduction of
Tokenless working on the Indian Railways to increase the single line capacity and the same
was accepted by the Railway Board. Accordingly, trials were conducted on the instruments
supplied by the Daido Signal Company of Japan which was accepted and the first pair of
Tokenless instruments were introduced in 1959-60 on the Khurda Road - Ratang Section of the
South Eastern Railway. There were certain defects in the design of the Instruments and the
circuit adopted in the instruments supplied by the company. These were examined by the
Signal Standards Committee in 1962 which recommended certain modifications by the Railway
Board. All the modifications could not be introduced in the instruments already in use of the
South Eastern Railway for which only certain minimum alterations, which are essential for
safety, were made. However, in the instruments supplied by the company, later on all the
modifications approved by the Railway Board were incorporated. In this chapter, the modified
design and circuits are described.

1.2 The modified instruments are designed to work either on 1800 Hz or 2700 Hz Carrier
frequencies. The Modulating frequencies are 85 Hz and 65 Hz and these are common for all
the instruments and the Carrier frequencies are 1800 Hz and 2700 Hz. as per the
recommendations of S.S.C., who had recommended that the frequencies used should be such
that the band pass filters can effectively discriminate them.

The codes used in the instrument are

(a) 1800 Hz or 2700 Hz modulated by 85 Hz with DC +ve - To permit operation of block

handle from Line Closed to TCF, TCF to Line Closed and TGT to Line Closed.

(b) 1800 Hz or 2700 Hz modulated by 65 Hz with DC +ve - To permit operation of Block

handle from Line Closed to TGT.

(c) 1800 Hz or 2700 Hz modulated by 65 Hz - To set the other end instrument to "Train
on Line"

(d) DC -VE for exchanging bell code signals.

Note: (i) DC +ve refers to line battery +ve connected to line 1 and -ve to line 2

(ii) DC -ve refers to Line battery -ve connected to Line 1 and +ve to Line 2.

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HANDLE TYPE TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

1.3 Description of the instrument

The external appearance of the instrument is shown in Fig: No. 1.1.

Block Bell

Galvo

Time Release
Indicator

Train ON Line
Counter – S1 Counter – S2

PB1 PB2
S1 S2

Shunt
SM’s Key Key
Train Going To Train Coming From

Fig: No.1.1

The instrument consists of the following parts

(a) Galvanoscope: This indicates incoming and outgoing dc currents. The resistance
of the coil is 18.2 Ohms.
(b) Time Release Indicator: This indicator is operated during cancelling line clear
operation when the required time delay has taken place. This is operated by 3R
relay. Normally the indicator displays white with caption "Locked" and changes over
to green with caption "Free" when operated. The resistance of the coil is 200 Ohms.
(c) Switch S1 with counter: It is used for cancellation of Line Clear. The counter
registers the numbers of such operations.
(d) Switch S2 with counter: It is used for normalizing the instrument in the event of a
train pushing back to the starting station. The counter registers the numbers of such
operations.
(e) TOL Indicator: This indicator normally displays a white indication and displays red
indication with caption "Train on Line" when a train enters the block section.

IRISET Page 2
 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

INTERNAL VIEW

Inside View of the Block Handle with spring contacts

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HANDLE TYPE TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

(f) Push Button PB1: This is a push button used to transmit DC pulses for exchanging
bell code signals.

(g) Push Button PB2: This is a push button used in conjunction with PB1 to transmit
frequency modulated code.

(h) Block Handle: This is located in the front on the lower part of the instrument and
can be turned from Normal (N) i.e., "Line Closed" to (L) "Train Going To" or (R),
"Train Coming From" position and back to ‘N’ position. Different contact positions of
the handle are as shown in Fig.1.2. The handle is free to be turned between X and
Y, R and D and also between L and B. Movement of the handle to TCF, TGT and
back to Normal position from TCF or TGT is controlled by an electrical lock and this
lock is required to be energized at Y position for turning the handle to TCF and at D
or B position for turning from TCF or TGT to Normal respectively. For turning to TGT,
the lock is initially energized at X position but gets forced dropped before X’ and is
actuated at X’ position for further movement to TGT. The locking effective at X’ is
termed as check locking and is provided to ensure the conscious co-operation of the
operator at the other end. This locking is however, not effective while turning the
handle from TGT to normal even though the lock is force dropped. This is because
of the beveled edge of the concerned notch on which the lock just slides over and
does not cause an obstruction to the movement of the handle.

The block handle assembly consists of 24 sets of spring contacts

actuated during the course of handle operation.

Fig: 1.2 CONTACT POSITIONS AND LOCKING POSITIONS OF BLOCK HANDLE

(i) Single Stroke bell: This is mounted on top of the instrument and is used for
exchanging bell code signals. The bell coil is wound to a resistance of 310 ohms and
requires about 70 mA for operation.

(j) Buzzers: There are two transistorized buzzers inside the instrument. Buzzer BZ1
operates when a train enters block section, i.e., along with the appearance of TOL
indication. The buzzer BZ2 operates when the train clears the block section, i.e.,
when last vehicle track circuit is cleared. The output of both the buzzers are
connected to a common speaker.

(k) SM's Key: When this key is removed, the instrument is in-operative for all functions
except for the reception of bell code signal or reception or transmission of TOL code.
IRISET Page 4
 SEQUENCE OF OPERATION FOR SENDING A TRAIN

(l) Shunting Key: This normally remains inserted in the instrument and can be
removed only if the block handle is in LINE CLOSED/TGT position. If the key is
removed, the instrument handle is locked mechanically. The insertion and extraction
of key can be done only when SM's key is inserted and turned to ON.

(m) Transmitter: This gives a frequency modulated output when the DC feed is
connected to the transmitter by different selections. The modulating frequency is
selected by the transmitter by an external loop completed through the relevant
selection according to the condition of the Block Instrument.

(n) Receiver: This receives the FM signals transmitted from the other end and gives DC
output for energizing either CR1 or CR2 depending on the modulating frequency of
the code received. The receiver is switched on when the DC feed is connected
through the relevant selections.

(o) Level Adjust Switch: It is a three position switch associated with the transmitter.

The level of the signal output of the transmitter can be adjusted by this.

(p) Attenuator: This is a switch having various positions and is associated with the
receiver. The switch can be set to introduce the required db loss on the received
signal. For DCC make receiver the attenuator switch is not available.

(q) Impedance Switch: This is a switch having three positions one for 600 ohms, the
second one for 1120 ohms and the other for 1300 ohms. When the instruments are
connected with overhead lines, the switch is put on 600 ohms side and when
connected with cables (normally in RE area) the switch is put on to the 1300 ohms
side to obtain proper impedance match and to 1120 ohms when the instrument
connected through RE cables.

For DCC (TX/RX) make the impedance switch is having only two
positions i.e 600 & 1120ohms.

1.4 SEQUENCE OF OPERATION FOR SENDING A TRAIN FROM STATION A TO

STATION B
Note : The instruments connected are assumed to be of 1800 Hz carrier frequency.

(a) ‘A’ presses PB1 button and transmits bell code signal to 'B'.

(b) ‘B’, acknowledges and also advises A on telephone of his willingness and repeating
the bell code signal for "Is line clear " sent by 'A'.

(c) ‘A’ now presses PB1 and PB2 buttons when a FM tone of 1800 Hz modulated by 85
Hz and D.C +ve are transmitted.

(d) ‘B’ turns his block handle to TCF position.

(e) ‘B’ now presses PB1 and PB2 push buttons when a FM tone of 2700 Hz. modulated
by 65 Hz. along with DC +ve are transmitted.

(f) ‘A’ turns his block handle to TGT position.

(g) ‘A’, clears the last stop signal and train departs from Station 'A'. On passing the last
stop signal, the F.V. track circuit is operated, and a FM tone of 1800z modulated by
65Hz is automatically transmitted. Last stop signal is also automatically restored to
ON position. The last stop signal lever is then restored to normal. "Train on Line"
indication appears at A station, and a buzzer sounds.

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HANDLE TYPE TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

(h) Simultaneously at ‘B’, "Train on Line" indication appears and a buzzer sounds as
soon as the train enters the block section. B acknowledges the train entering section
signal by pressing PB1 and prolongs the last beat.

(i) At ‘A’, transmission of the FM tone of 1800 Hz modulated by 65 Hz ceases and

buzzers at ‘A’ and ‘B’ stop sounding with TOL indications at both stations persist.

(j) ‘B' lowers reception signals. Train on passing (Home signals) the block clearance
point, operates last vehicle track circuits and causes a buzzer to sound continuously.
Home signal is automatically restored to ON position. After ensuring complete arrival
of train ‘B’ puts back home signal lever and SMs control slide to normal. When
SMs control slide is put to normal the train arrival buzzer stops sounding. ‘B’ then
transmits Train out of section signal by pressing PB1 and PB2 when FM tone of
2700 Hz modulated by 85 Hz and D.C. +ve is sent to A.

(k) At 'A' the FM tone and DC +ve is received. ‘A’ turns block handle to Normal (Line
Closed) position. "Train on Line" indication disappears at 'A'. ‘A’ now acknowledges
the signal by pressing PB1 and PB2 buttons,, when a FM tone of 1800 Hz
modulated by 85 along with DC +ve is transmitted to B.

(l) ‘B’ turns block handle to normal (Line closed position). "Train on line” indication also
disappears at 'B’.

Both instruments are now brought to normal.

1.5 CANCELLATION OF LINE CLEAR BEFORE ALLOWING A TRAIN INTO THE

BLOCK SECTIOIN.
(a) to (f) Same as in 1.4.
(g) ‘A’ informs ‘B’ that LC obtained is to be cancelled and operates switch S1,
immediately LSS becomes ON, with LSS control in reverse. After normalizing LSS
control S1 counter registers a higher number. After a delay of 120 seconds, time
release indicator changes from white to green. A puts switch S1 to normal, and
presses PB1 and PB2 buttons when a FM tone of 1800 Hz modulated by 85 Hz. is
transmitted to ‘B’ along with DC +ve.
(h) ‘B’ on receipt of the code signals, turns block handle to normal position during the
prolonged beat and in turn presses PB1 and PB2 buttons to send the
acknowledgement . FM tone of 2700 Hz modulated by 85 Hz is transmitted to 'A'
along with DC +ve.
(i) ‘A’ now turns block handle to normal position.
Both instruments are now brought to normal.

1.6 CLOSING THE BLOCK SECTION WHEN A TRAIN PUSHES BACK TO THE
SAME STATION FROM WHICH IT HAD LEFT.

(a) to (f) Same as in 1.4.

(g) A operates switch S2 and lowers home signals. S2 registers one higher number.
Train on passing home signal operates last vehicle track circuits. A buzzer sounds
continuously at 'A' which stops when SM's slide on Home Signal is put back to
normal. Home Signal is automatically restored to ON position. After ensuring
complete arrival of the train, puts the home signal lever, SM’s control slide and
switch S2 to normal. He then presses PB1 and PB2 buttons when a f.m. tone of
1800 Hz. modulated by 85 Hz. is transmitted to B station, along with d.c. +ve.
IRISET Page 6
 RELAYS ARE HOUSED INSIDE THE BLOCK INSTRUMENT

(h) ‘B’ turns blocks handle to normal (Line closed) and then presses PB1 and PB2
buttons when FM tone of 2700 Hz. modulated by 85 Hz. is transmitted to A along
with DC.

(i) The above code helps to turn block handle to Normal position at ‘A’.

Both instruments are now brought to normal.

1.7 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The detailed circuit is given in Figures 1.4,1.5,1.6 and 1.7 at the end of this book. A pair
of these block instruments of a block section have the two carrier frequencies. The two carrier
frequencies chosen are 1800 Hz and 2700 Hz. This arrangement offers better protection to
work against failures on wrong side.

1.8 The following relays are housed inside the block instrument
(a) PBPR Relay: This relay is energized when PB1 and PB2 are pressed together or
PB1 is pressed when TOLR relay is energized with B.H. in ‘R’ position. This relay
when energized connects the line battery to line in such a way that positive terminal
of line battery is connected to L1 and negative to terminal L2 to pick up NR relay at
the other end. PBPR relay, when dropped, connects NR relay to line. In addition the
local battery 24V is connected to the transmitter of the same instrument.

(b) NR relay: This is a DC QBA1 line relay energized when +ve is received on L1 and
-ve on L2. A rectifier is used in series with this relay to regulate the line current.

(c) BLR: This is a DC QBA1 line relay energized, when -ve is received on L1 and +ve
on L2. A rectifier is used in series with this relay also. This relay is used for
exchange of Bell Code signals.

(d) TEPR Relay: This is a DC neutral relay energized when the prescribed time delay is
lapsed after TER or Electronic Timer is operated.

(e) TELR: This is a telephone type relay having a resistance of 70 ohms, which is
energized when the pressel switch of hand micro telephone is pressed. This relay
connects the telephone circuit to the line through its front contact and isolates the
transmitter and receiver from lines as they are connected to lines through its back
contact.

(f) 3R: This is line clear cancellation relay. It also operates the time release indicator. It
operates after about 120 seconds on operating switch S1, when the train has not
entered the block section and the instrument is in TGT position.

(g) 1R: This proves the normal conditions of the signals/controls pertaining to the block
section. It remains normally energized to prove the LSS and Home Signal levers
and SM slides are normal in addition to other selections if any.

(h) TRSR: Train sending relay: It picks up when operating handle is being turned to 'L'
position, and sticks in the LX' position. It releases when the train passes the first
vehicle track circuit and can pick up again only when the handle is restored to
normal, and the above sequence is repeated. This is the relay, which complies the
"one train one line clear" principle.

(i) TOLR: This is "train on line relay", and is operated when the train occupies the last
stop signal control track circuit when the operating handle is in 'L' position or on
receipt of the TOL code when the handle is in 'R' position, when operated, gives
TOL indication and sounds buzzer BZ1. This picks up only after CR2 picks up at
train receiving station.
Page 7 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE
HANDLE TYPE TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

(j) TER: This is the time element relay having a resistance of 50 ohms 20° C that
causes a time delay in canceling Line Clear. When the switch S1 is operated to
reverse and LSS control normalized, hot contact is made first and later on cold
contact is made once again. The time delay is about 120 seconds. In the latest
version the relay TER is being replaced by approved type of Electronic Timer.

IRISET Page 8
 THERE ARE TWO INDICATORS IN THE BLOCK INSTRUMENT

(k) CR1: Code Relay 1 It picks up when a code of 1800 Hz or 2700 Hz modulated by 85
Hz is received from the distant station. When energized releases electronic lock on
the block handle (through other relevant selections) for the operation of the handle
from (1) N to R 2) R to N and (3) L to N.

(l) CR2: Code Relay 2. It picks up when a code of 1800 Hz or 2700 Hz modulated by
65 Hz. is received from the distant station. When energized releases electric lock on
the block handle (through other relevant selections) for the operation of the handle
from N to L only. It also energizes TOLR in the other end instrument during TOL
code transmission.

(m) 2R: This is a DC neutral relay used for proving the arrival of the train.

1.9 In addition to the relays housed in the instrument, two line relays HSR and ASR are also
required for controlling the Home Signal and last stop signal respectively. HSR relay is normally
energized via R or N position of block handle in conjunction with other selections and when
energized extends the feed to Home Signal. ASR relay picks up when block handle is in TGT
position with TRSR energized, and with other relevant selections. The front contact of the relay
controls the feed to the LSS

1.10 There are two indicators in the block instrument viz.

(a) TOLK: This is Train On Line indicator, and is of the magnetic stick type. It consists of
two coils (normal and release) wound to a resistance of 500 and 200 ohms
respectively. The normal coil is energized via front contact of TOLR. The release coil
is energized via XX' and YY' contacts of block handle.

(b) TEK: Time release indicator: This time release indicator consists of single coil of
200 ohms. It is energized via front contact of relay 3R.

1.11 There are two track circuits, with associated relays, which operate in conjunction with the
movement of the train. The track circuit associated with the last stop signal is normally a closed
track circuit and its relay is normally energized and it controls the operation of relay TRSR
through its repeater relay 1 TPR in the instrument.

The track circuit associated with the home signal consists of two adjacent track circuits
T1, T2. The two track circuited sections T1 and T2 have the corresponding relays T1R and T2R
with their repeater relays T1PR and T2PR respectively. These relays are normally energized as
they are meant for closed track circuits and control the operation of train relay 2R. This relay 2R
will be energized only when the train passes in the direction T1 to T2 and not vice versa. See
Fig.1.3. When a train entering the station on proper reception signals T1R and T1PR are first
de-energized and create a condition to pick the relay UYR1. Subsequently when the train
comes on T2 track both the track relays T1R, T1PR and T2R and T2PR are de-energized to
create a condition for UYR2 to pick up. Later on when the train clears the first track T1, a
condition is created to pick up the block section release relay UYR3 and finally with the other
relevant pick up contacts the relay TAR will pick up and energies the 2R relay in the block
instrument. The relay 2R once picked up it remains in the picked up position through its own
front contact till the block instrument is normalized.

For a train passing in the direction T2 to T1 the relay 2R will not be operated since the
sequential operation of the two track T1 and T2 will not be available to pick up the other relays
UYR1, UYR2, UYR3 as would be seen from the following:

Page 9 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

HANDLE TYPE TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

Train movement Track Track relay Block release relay TAR ↓

T1 to T2 T1 T2 T1R↑ T2R↑

UO UO T1R ↑ T2R↑ UYR1 ↓ UYR2↓ UYR3↓

O UO T1R↓ T2R↑ UYR1 ↑

O O T1R↓ T2R↓ UYR2 ↑

UO O T1R ↑ T2R↓ UYR3 ↑

UO UO T1R↑ T2R↑ UYR3 ↑ TAR ↑

Note: UO - Un-occupied, O - Occupied

- Energized - De-energized

Both T1 and T2 track circuits are assumed to be closed track circuits

1.12 Power Supply

There are three sets of batteries required namely Line Battery, Local Battery and
Location/External Battery.

Line battery is normally of dry cells or DC-DC converter or Dual bank battery. The
voltage is varying from 24V depending on the length of the block section in order to get a
working current of 100 mA on line. This battery is connected on line whenever the DC is
required to be sent either for exchanging the bell signals or as a part of the operational code.

Local battery is of 24.0 V and is used for giving the supply to the transmitter and receiver
and also operating relays, indicators, lock magnet etc. of the instrument. Since the current drain
on the battery is high, secondary cells are generally used.

Another set of battery is also used for external circuits to repeat the external conditions
to the instruments according to the requirements of the circuits.

IRISET Page 10
 TRAIN ARRIVAL PROVING CIRCUIT

Fig: 1.3 TRAIN ARRIVAL PROVING CIRCUIT

***

Page 11 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER – 2: DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

2.1 References

(a) Assembly diagram - AKGE/201/008

(b) Wiring diagram - AKGE/201/001 based on CSTE/[Link].

- [Link]/6553 dt.26.9.88.

(c) Method of handling - I.R.S.S-98-2001 Appendix 'B'.

2.2 Normal position: Normally, the block handle is in 'Line Closed' position, the SM
Key, shunting key (SH), cancellation switch (S1) and push back switch (S2) are all in
normal position, the TOL and time release indicator are white, and the needle indicator
indicates zero position. In this case, all the relays except for ITPR and IR are in de-
energized position, with no current flowing in the block line and all the concerned
signals and levers are in normal position. (Fig.2.1)

Fig : 2.1

2.3 When a Train is leaving 'A' station for 'B' station

(a) Turning the SM key to ON position at A Station completes a circuit while push button
PB1 is pressed to give an audio call signal to B station. A direct current (-) flows to B
station through the following circuit to pick up the BLR at B station. (Fig.2.2 & 2.3).

Fig : 2.2

Fig : 2.3
IRISET Page 12
 LOCAL CIRCUIT - EXPLANATION

B2-Terminals(2-12)-fuse(67-68)CH1-SMK(ON)-PB1(R)-NR(B)-PBPR(B)L2toB Station-
PBPR(B)-NR(B)-PB1(N)-Diode D2-BLR-PB1 (N)-PB2(N)-PBPR(B)-G-L1 & to Station-
G-PBPR (B)PB2(N)-PB1 (R)-Resistor (R2) Terminal(13-3)-N2. Now with the BLR
picking up, current flows through a circuit. (See Fig.2.4) B 24V- fuse (61-62) Terminals
(48, 58)-BLR (F)-Bell -Terminal 21-N24V to ring the bell. (The bell rings even if the SM
key at B station is in off position).

Fig: 2.4

(b) Upon receipt of a “call attention” signal, the SM’s key is turned to ‘ON’ at B Station.
Then the PB1 at B Station is pressed to issue an answering call to A station. The
same circuit as described in Fig 2.4 above operates to ring the bell at A station.

(c) Arrangements for “Line Clear” are made between A station and B station over the
telephone.

(d) Push buttons PB1 and PB2 are pressed together at A station to send a code of
signal, with both buttons being pressed. A current flows in the following circuit to pick
up the PBPR (See Fig.2.5). B 24V- fuse (61-62)-SMK(ON)-CR1 (B)-PB1 (R)-PB2
(R)-CR2 (B)-IR (F)-PBPR-NR (B)-N 24V. with the PBPR picking up at A, NR at B
station picks up through the line circuit. (See Fig.2.6 & 2.8). B2-Terminals (2-12) –
fuse(67-68)-CH1-PBPR (F)-G-Terminals (35-25)-L1 to 'B' station. Terminals (25-35)-
G- PBPR (B) Terminals (8.18) - diode D1-NR-XY-PBPR (B)-Terminals (36-26) and
back to A Station-L2-Terminals(26-36)-PBPR (F) resistor (R2) - Terminals (13-3) N2.
In this instance the BLR at B station does not pick up for the current is in the
opposite direction. On the other hand with the PBPR at A Station picking up, a
source voltage is applied to the transmitter (TX) through the following circuit (See
Fig.2.7) B24V - Fuse (61-62) SMK (ON)-IR (F)-PBPR(F)-PB2(R)- TOLR (B) CR1(B)-
CR2(B)-TX(3.4)-N 24V. With a circuit TX (5)-N-TX(6) being completed in the keying
circuit of TX a modulated current F1 flows to terminals 34, 37 to line side isolation
transformer (in this case the input circuit of the receiver at A Station is broken by
PBPR(B)getting disconnected).

Fig: 2.5

Fig: 2.6

Page 13 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Fig : 2.11

IRISET Page 14
 LOCAL & OUTGOING CIRCUIT - EXPLANATION

(e) Upon receipt of a modulated current F1, the receiving relay CR1 at Station B picks
up (See Fig.2.9). As the bell rings one time at B station because of the NR picking up
as aforementioned (Fig.2.8, 2.9,2.10) turning the block handle as far as to Y point
releases the block handle, to be turned to right position (TCF Position), through the
following circuit (See Fig.2.11) B 24V Fuse (61-62)-terminals (48-58) SMK (ON)-IR
(F)-S1 (N)-S2 (N) TEPR (B) - TRSR (B)-CR1 (F)-BDY-M-NR (F)-Terminal 21-N 24V.
While the block handle is being turned from normal position to right position, the
contact of the handle which is in series with the relay NR is opened between the Y
and D points, causing a resistance R3 to be added in series to the NR circuit (See
Fig2.8) with a resultant reduction in the volume of line current which remains
substantially greater than the drop away current of NR. This causes the pointer of
Galvanometer (G) to Click making it possible to learn that the block handle has been
turned to right position (R) at B station. Then PB1 and PB2 at A station may be
released. (The same procedure is followed in operating the handle as described
later)

Fig : 2.15

Page 15 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

(f) After confirming that the pointer of Galvanometer G has returned to zero position
(indicating that A station has stopped sending a code of signal), PB1 and PB2 are
now simultaneously pressed at B station to send a code of signal to A station. In this
instance, the same circuit as described in Fig:2.4 operates. However as the block
handle is in R position, the keying circuit of TX5-R-2R(B)-TX7 is completed, so that a
modulated current F2 and a direct current (+) flow to L1 and L2 (See Fig. 2.12, 2.13,
2.14 & 2.16)

Fig : 2.17

(g) Upon receipt of a direct current (+) and a modulated current F2 the NR and CR2 at
'A' station pick up, with the bell ringing one time because of the NR picking up.
Turning the block handle as far as to the X point at this time causes the TRSR to
pick up through the following circuit (Fig.2.18) B 24V-fuse (61-62) terminals (48-58)
3R (B)-CR2(F)-NR (F)-1TPR(F)-XX’-TRSR-Terminals 21 -N 24V and further it sticks
through its own front contact. With the TRSR picking up, the handle can be released
and turned to left position (TGT position) through the following (fig.2.19) B-24V fuse
(61-62) terminal 48 SMK(ON) -1R(F)-S1(N)-S2 (N) TEPR(B)-TRSR (F)-2R(B)-3R(B)-
CR2(F)-XX'-M-NR(F)- Terminal 21-N 24V. In this state, the TRSR sticks through the
circuit of B 24-fuse- terminals (48-58)-3R (B)-TRSR (F)-1TPR(F)-LX’-TRSR-Terminal
21-N 24V.

Fig : 2.18

Fig : 2.19

IRISET Page 16
 LOCAL & OUTGOING CIRCUIT - EXPLANATION

(h) Putting the SM slide in reverse position after turning the block handle to left position
causes a relay 1R to drop away. An advance starter control relay ASR picks up
through the following circuit (Fig.2.20) B3 12V-fuse (65-66) 1R(B) - 2R(B) -TRSR(F) -
S1N LA Terminals (53-43)-HSR(B)-ASR-N3-12. With the ASR picking up, a circuit
outside the instrument is completed making it possible to take off the Last Stop
Signal.

Fig : 2.20

(i) When a train leaves the station and enters the 1T, the 1TR and 1TPR drop away,
releasing the stick circuit of TRSR and causing the TRSR to drop away. Dropping
away of the TRSR causes the ASR to drop away and bring the Last stop signal to
normal (ON) position automatically.

(j) With the 1TPR dropping away, on the other hand, the TRSR also drops away
(Fig.2.18). The TRSR having slow release characteristics, however, picks up TOLR
through the following circuit (Fig.2.21) B 24-fuse (61-62)-Terminal (48-58) 3R (B)-
TRSR (F)-1TPR(B)-LB-TOLR-Terminal 21 N 24. When TRSR drops after the time
lag, TOLR sticks through the following circuit B 24-fuse (61-62) terminal (48-58)-3R
(B)-TRSR (B)-NR(B)-TOLR(F)-S2 (N)-LB-TOLR-terminal 21-N 24. With a circuit for
energizing the TOLR being completed, the indicator TOLK and buzzer BZ1 are
actuated through a branch of the contact LB, indicating a train departure (TOL). At
this time, the Last stop signal lever is restored to normal position.

Fig : 2.21

(k) With the TOLR picking up, a source voltage is applied to the TX through the
following circuit (Fig.2.22) B 24-fuse (61-62) terminal (48) - L-NR (B)-TOLR(F)-CR1
(B)-CR2 (B)-TX(3) - TX (4)-terminal 21-N24. With a keying circuit TX(5)-L-TOLR (F)-
3R (B)-TX (7)-being completed, a modulated current F2 flows to the line. (Direct
current does not flow in this instance).

Page 17 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Fig : 2.22

(l) With a modulated current F2 being received at B station, the CR2 picks up
(Fig.2.23) because the RX power source is connected through B 24-fuse (61-62).
Terminals (48-58)-2R (B)-R, causing the TOLR to pick up (Fig.2.24)through a circuit
B 24-fuse (61-62) - Terminals (48-58)-3R(B)-CR2(F)NR(B)-RD-TOLR-Terminal 21-N
24, with the TOLK and BZ1 operating through the same circuit as in A station to give
an indication of train departure.

Fig : 2.23

(m) For acknowledging the TOL Buzzer push button PB1 is pressed at B station. The
PBPR at B station picks up through the following circuit (Fig.2.25) B 24-fuse (61-62)
Terminal (48)-SMK (ON)-CR1(B) –PB1(R) - PB2(N)- TOLR (F)-RD-PBPR-NR(B) -
Terminal 21-N 24. With the PBPR picking up a direct current (+) flows to A station
through the same circuit as described in. (Fig.2.6) causing the NR at A station to
pick up, (Fig.2.8) with the power circuit of TX being broken, no modulated current
flows from A station to B station and CR1 and CR2 at B station will not pick up.

(n) With the NR at A station picking up a stick circuit for the TOLR is broken. With the
TOLR dropping away buzzer BZ1 stops buzzing (Fig.2.21). As the TOLK is a
magnetic stick type, however, it is not restored to normal position. On the other hand,
when the TOLR drops away, the circuit for TX is broken (Fig.2.22) and no modulated
current F2 flows to B station thereby de-energizing CR2 at B (Fig.2.23) and causing
the TOLR to drop away at B (Fig.2.24). With the TOLR dropping away buzzer BZ1
stops buzzing (Fig.2.24).

IRISET Page 18
 TRAIN ENTERING BLOCK SECTION

Fig : 2.24

(o) A bell code signal for “Train entering Block Section” is issued from a Station and an
acknowledging signal is issued from B station.

(p) The home signal is taken off at B station. With the home SM slide being in reverse
position and the 1R dropping away (1R back contact is looped in instrument in HSR
and ASR circuits if SM's normal contact is not proved in 1R relay circuit), the HSR
picks up through the following circuit (Fig.2.26) B3 24V-fuse (65-66) 1R (B) or
looped 2R (B)-TRSR (B)-S2 (N)-RD/XY terminal (54-44)-ASR (B)-HSR-N3 24V.

Fig : 2.26

(q) When a train reaches B station, the T2R picks up and a relay 2R picks up through the
following circuit (Fig.2.27) to stick through LX/RY B 24-fuse (61-62)- terminals (48-
58) and (7,17)-TAR (F)-Terminals (57-47) LX’/RY’ - 2R- Terminal 21-N 24. With the
relay 2R picking up, the HSR drops away and the Home Signal is automatically
restored to normal position. At the same time, a Buzzer BZ2 produces a buzzing
sound to tell the train arrival. Restoring the HS, SM slide to normal position causes
the BZ2 to stop buzzing.

Page 19 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Fig: 2.27

(r) A ‘Call Attention‘ signal is issued to A station and an answering signal is issued from
A Station. B Station transmits a message to A Station by pressing the PB1 and PB2
simultaneously. In this instance, the PBPR picks up at B Station in the same manner
as described in Fig.2.5.

(s) As the keying circuit for TX (Fig2.28) which is TX5-R-2R(F)-TX6 is for a modulated
current F1, a direct current (+) and a modulated current F1 flow to A station. NR
picks up through the same circuit as described in Fig2.16 earlier at A Station,
causing a bell to ring (Fig.2.8 & 2.10). Returning the handle to the B position supplies
a source voltage to the receiver through the following circuit (Fig.2.29) with the CR1
picking up; B 24 fuse-(61-62)- Terminal (48) - SMK (ON)-1R (F)-PBPR (B) -TOLR
(B)-BX/DY RX3-RX4- Terminal (21)-N 24.

Fig : 2.29

IRISET Page 20
 CANCELLATION OF LINE CLEAR BEFORE A TRAIN ENTERS THE BLOCK SECTION

(t) With the NR and CR1 picking up, Lock Magnet M is energized the handle lock
magnet circuit … B 24V-Fuse-(61-62)-Terminal (48)-SMK (ON)-1R(F)-S1(N) S2(N)-
TEPR (B)- TRSR (B)- CR1 (F)-BDY- M-NR(F) Terminal 21 N-24V (Fig2.30) making it
possible to restore the handle to normal position. TOLK in turn is energized and
restored to normal (Fig.2.31).

Fig : 2.31

(u) Pressing down PB1 and PB2 at A station causes a direct current (+) and modulated
current F1 to flow to B Station. NR picks up at B station, causing a bell to ring (Fig.8
& 10). Returning the handle to the 'D' position applies a source voltage to the
receiver RX, causing the CR1 to pick up (Fig2.9). With NR and CR1 picking up it is
possible to restore the handle to normal position. The same procedure is followed
when a train leaves B station from A station.

2.4 Cancellation of 'Line Clear' before a Train enters the Block Section

(a) The block handle in A station in ‘L’ position (TGT) with all the signals and signal -
levers concerned being in normal position. Block handle at B station is in ‘R’ position
(TCF) with all the signals and signal lever concerned being in normal position.

(b) A station calls B station to make arrangement for Line Clear cancellation over the
telephone.

(c) The cancellation switch S1 is put to reverse position at A station. Putting the S1 to
reverse position at A energizes the timer through the following circuit because the
TRSR has already picked up; B 24 fuse (61,62) Terminal (48)-SMK(ON)-1R (F)-S1
(R)-TRSR (F)-3R (B) timer terminals 21-N 24 Fig.2.32. The counter S1 is operated
simultaneously. Upon the lapse of predetermined time, the TEPR is energized
through the output lead of the timer and is made to stick.

(d) With the TEPR picking up, the 3R is energized and made to stick and disconnect the
timer circuit. It being so arranged that the time elapsing before the energisation of
the 3R is two minutes i.e. it takes two minutes for relay 3R to pick up after operation
of switch S1 through a circuit B24-Fuse (61, 62) Terminals 48 SMK (ON)-1R (F)S1
(R)-TEPR (F) - 3R-LX-Terminal (21)-N 24 (Fig.2.32) and completion of a stick circuit
with 3R picking up. Time release is indicated through a circuit B24-fuse (61-62)
terminals (48-58) -3R(F)-TEK-(FREE) - Terminal 21-N 24.

Page 21 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Fig : 2.32

(e) A cancellation signal is issued from A station to B station. Push button PB1 and PB2
are pushed at A station to send a signal of cancellation. With 3R picking up, a
modulated current F1 flows through the key circuit of TX5-L-TOLR (B)-3R(F)-TX6
[Link] performance of other circuits are as described herein before. Direct
current (+) and a modulated current F1 flow to B station.

Fig : 2.33

(f) Upon receipt of the fore mentioned signal, the block handle is turned from right
position to normal position (in the same manner as described in Fig 2.19. Push
buttons PB1 and PB2 are pushed down at B station to issue a code signal to A
station. The signal sent in this case, which is the same as aforementioned, is direct
current (+) and a modulated current F1. Upon receipt of the signal at A station after
the cancellation switch S1 has been restored to normal position, the block handle is
restored to normal position at A station.

IRISET Page 22
 TRAIN IN BLOCK SECTION PUSHES BACK TO DEPARTURE STATION ‘A’

2.5 When a train in the block section pushes back to departure station A’

In this instance, the block handle at ‘A’ station and ‘B’ station are in ‘L’ position and ‘R’
position respectively with the TOL buzzer stopped following confirmation.

(a) Putting the push back switch S2 to reverse position at ‘A’ station actuates the
counter S2 through a circuit of B 24 fuse-(61-62)-Terminal (48)-SMK(ON) -
S2(R)counter-LX Terminal 21-N 24 (Fig.2.34).The home signal lever is put to
reverse position at A station. In this instance the home signal is taken off position
through the control circuit of HSR which is as follows: B3 24-fuse (65-66)-1R (B) or
looped -2R(B)-TRSR(B)-S2(R)-LA-Terminal (54,44)-ASR (B)-HSR-N3 24 (Fig.2.26).

Fig: 2.34

(b) Upon arrival of the pushing back train to ‘A’ station, the Home Signal is restored to
normal position automatically through the same circuit as described in Fig 2.26. With
2R picking up and the arrival buzzer BZ2 producing a buzzing sound, putting the
home's SM slide to normal position causes the buzzer to stop buzzing.

(c) The signal indicating “Train out of Block section” is issued from ‘A’ Station to ‘B’
Station and push-button PB1 and PB2 are pushed down. Then a modulated current
F1 flows from ‘A’ station through the keying circuit of TX at A Station which is TX 5-L
TOLR (B) 3R(B)-2R(F) TX6 (Fig.2.35) Upon receipt of a direct current (+) and
modulated current F1, the block handle can be turned from right position to normal
position at B station. This is done through the same circuit as in the case of
cancellation.

Fig: 2.35

(d) Push button PB1 and PB2 are pushed down at ‘B’ station to send a direct current (+)
and a modulated current F1 to ‘A’ station. After restoring the switch S2 to normal
position, the block handle is turned to normal position from left position at A station.
Then the” Train out of Block section” acknowledgement signal is issued to B station.

Page 23 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

2.6 When a train is shunting in advance of LSS (At ‘A’ Station)

(a) When the block handles are in normal position at both at ‘A’ station and ‘B’ station.
(i) ‘A’ station calls ‘B’ station to obtain authorization over the telephone.
(ii) After the SM key has been turned, the SH key is turned and pulled out to be
handed over to the driver of a shunting train. The block handle is locked at this
time. The SM key is pulled out. Upon finishing a shunting operation, the SH key
is returned to the Station Master, who after inserting and turning the SM key
inserts the SH key and turns it to normal position, notifying B station over the
telephone to that effect.
(b) When the block handles at ‘A’ is in ‘L’ Position and at ‘B’ is in ‘R’ Position.
The facility of Shunting after the running Train for which line clear has
been obtained enters the Block Section is available
(i) A station calls B station to obtain authorization over the Telephone.
(ii) After the SM key has been turned, the SH key is turned and pulled out to be
handed over to the driver of a shunting train. The block handle is locked at this
time. The SM key is pulled out. Upon finishing a shunting operation, the SH key
is returned to the Station Master, who after inserting and turning the SM key
inserts the SH key and turns it to normal position, notifying B station over the
telephone to that effect.

2.7 Telephone Circuit

While modulated current 85Hz or 65Hz is being transmitted or received, telephone circuit
is isolated from power line.
While telephone is used, transmitter and receiver are isolated from the line. To explain
in detail, telephone relay TELR is inserted in series connection with relays CR1 (B), CR2 (B)
and TOLR (B) in the circuit (Fig.2.36). Also TELR (F) is connected in series with the telephone
circuit. Thus telephone circuit is isolated from signal circuit while modulated current is
transmitted and received and transmitter/receiver is isolated from signal line while telephone is
used.

Fig : 2.37

IRISET Page 24
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE CIRCUIT

2.8 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE CIRCUIT

(a) To ensure that relays 'NR' and 'BLR' are not picked up simultaneously due to failure
of rectifiers, back contact of NR relay is proved in BLR circuit. Similarly, in the
'PBPR’ circuit, back contacts of CR1 and CR2 relays have been proved to ensure
that 'PBPR’ relay will not be energized, while receiving modulated frequencies.

(b) Front contact of 'PBPR’ relay has been proved in the DC feed circuit of Transmitter,
whereas back contact has been proved in the Receiver circuit to guard against
receiving its own FM output modulated frequency transmitted by the same
instrument. Similarly, back contacts of’ CR1' and 'CR2' relays have been proved in
the DC feed circuit for transmitter to ensure that no code except the code of bell
signals can be generated, unless the code relays are de-energized. During the
transmission of TOL Code PBPR remains de-energized. In order to prevent the
Receiver to receive the FM Signal transmitted by the transmitter of the same station,
remedial path is provided by the back contact of TOLR bypassed by the front
contact of CR2 and in series with the back contact of PBPR in the Receiver FM
Input Circuit. vide Fig .2.29.

(c) Since 'TOL' code has to be transmitted automatically as soon as a train occupies
FVT, front contact of 'PBPR' relay is not provided in DC feed circuit to the transmitter
but the same is taken via 'TOLR' front contact and 'NR' back contact with the block
handle at 'L' position.

(d) Similarly, for the Receiver to be in readiness to receive the TOL code the DC feed
circuit is taken via 2R relay back contact with the block handle at R position.

(e) Press contacts of the 'PB2' button in the DC feed circuit of the Transmitter proves
the positive action taken to energies 'PBPR' relay for Transmitting modulated
frequency along with DC and also to prevent DC feed to TX while acknowledging
TOL code.

(f) Block handle contact (BX) and (DY) are included in the DC feed circuit to the
receiver so that the DC feed to the Receiver is switched ON only when the block
handle operation is initiated thus minimizing battery consumption.

(g) SM's key contact has not been proved in the DC feed circuit of Transmitter for
transmitting and receiving of automatic 'TOL' code to ensure that the 'TOL' indicator
will display, immediately the block section is occupied irrespective of the position of
SM's key.

(h) To ensure that relays 'CR1' and 'CR2' are to be energized one at a time, back
contact of 'CR1' relay is proved to energies 'CR2' relay, and similarly back contact of
CR2 relay is provided to energies CR1 relay.

(i) Cross protection to the lock magnet coil is given through ‘CR1' and 'CR2' back
contacts.

(j) Transmitter and Receiver are connected to line through the back contact of 'TELR’
relay to ensure that during conversation on telephone, no code is transmitted or
received by the Transmitter and Receiver respectively at either end. Similarly the
telephone set is connected to the lines through the front contact of TELR and TELR
feed is taken through the back contact of 'CR1' and ' CR2' and TOLR relays to
ensure that during transmission and reception of code the telephone is
disconnected. The back contact of 'TOLR' is included in the TELR pick up circuit to
ensure that the telephone circuit is disconnected the moment TOLR picks up to
transmit TOL code.

Page 25 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

(k) TOLR is made slow to release, since its energizing circuit is through the front
contact of TRSR and stick circuit is through the back contact of TRSR.

(l) TRSR is made slow to release to provide the conditions required for the energized
circuit of TOLR in which the front contact of TRSR and back contact of 1TPR are
included so that this condition shall not be available to energies TOLR again after
the acknowledgement which is effected by breaking the stick circuit of TOLR.

(m) It may so happen that PB1 and PB2 buttons are pressed by the receiving station just
when the train enters the section, causing NR to pick up at the sending end thus
opening the stick feed of TOLR resulting in TOL transmission being prematurely
stopped. To prevent this possibility stick feed to TOLR is also taken through NR and
CR2 pick up contacts so that TOLR is held in such an eventuality. To energies CR2
in this case without the handle being turned the DC feed is given to the receiver
through (L) contact of the handle and NR pick up contact the moment NR at the
sending station is energized. When push buttons are released at the receiving
station, usual stick feed to TOLR is established - vide Para 2.9.

(n) Switch S1 normal contact has been included in the ASR' circuit to ensure the last
stop signal, if lowered already to fly back to danger when S1 is operated to effect
cancellation of 'Line Clear'.

(o) To ensure heater circuit of the "Time Element Relay" not to be kept no longer than
what is necessary TER' relay is energized through the back contact of 'TEPR' relay
on energisation through TER hot contact and held by its own contact. Thus as soon
as 'TEPR' relay is energized TER relay de-energizes. Cold contact of 'TER' relay is
proved in the 'LOCK' magnet circuit and 3R circuit to prove the full cancellation
delay being available for next operation. Electronic timer also is being used in place
of thermal type TER.

2.9 Special Circuit Arrangement to establish TOL Indications

Special circuit is designed to prevent failure in establishing TOL indications under certain
specific conditions.

Vide item 13 under [Link] of push-button PB1 and PB2 at ‘B’ station immediately
before Train enters the FVT of ‘A’ station does not interfere with the display of TOL indications
which is effected through the operations as described herein below:

(a) While the push button PB1 and PB2 are being pushed down at B station a direct current
(+) and a modulated current F2 are transmitted as aforementioned to ‘A’ station. IN this
state, the NR at A Station picks up.

(b) When a train enters the FVT of A station, the TOLR at A station picks up through the
circuit described in Fig [Link] stick circuit of TOLR is not completed because of the
NR picking up in this instance (Fig.2.21).

(c) As however, the NR has already picked up at A station, the power circuit of RX is
completed as follows causing the CR2 at A station to pick up (Fig.2.37) B24-fuse-(61-
62)-Terminal (48) - L-NR (F) RX (3)-RX4 terminal (21) N 24. With CR2 picking up there
is still TOLR circuit operating as follows: (Fig.2.21). B 24 fuse - (61,62) Terminals
(48,58)-3R (B)-CR2 (F) NR (F) - LB-TOLR (F) .S2 (N)-LB-TOLR = Terminal (21)- N24
consequently, no sooner a train enters the FVT than the TOL indication is displayed at
‘A’ station.

IRISET Page 26
 SPECIAL CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT TO ESTABLISH TOL INDICATIONS

(d) The TOL code signal is not transmitted, as the power circuit for Transmitter TX at ‘A’
station is broken because of the NR picking up and the TOL indication is not displayed at
B station because of the TOLR dropping away while push buttons PB1 and PB2 are
being pushed down.

(e) Releasing the PB1 and PB2 at ‘B’ station in this state results in the PBPR dropping
away, causing the transmission of a direct current (+) to be stopped, so that the NR at
‘A’ station drops away. With the NR dropping away, the stick circuit for TOLR is
completed with a concomitant completion of the power circuit for transmitter TX at A
station so that a modulated current F2 is Transmitted to effect a display of TOL
indication at B station.

(f) Upon receipt of a modulated current F2, CR2 picks up at ‘B’ station because of PBPR
having been dropped away. Then TOLR picks up and the TOL indications is displayed.

***

Page 27 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

FREQUENCY MODULATION – TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER

CHAPTER – 3: FREQUENCY MODULATION - TRANSMITTER

AND RECEIVER
3.1 MODULATION

The instrument works on FM current Coding System. Modulation is the process in which
the amplitude or frequency or phase of a high frequency wave, usually called the carrier is
changed in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the low frequency wave called the
modulating signal.

There are three types of modulation:-

(a) Amplitude modulation
(b) Frequency modulation
(c) Phase modulation

In Amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier wave is changed in accordance

with the amplitude of the modulating signal.

In frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier wave is changed in accordance

with the amplitude of the signal. However, the amplitude of the modulated wave remains the
same i.e. carrier wave amplitude. The frequency variations of carrier wave depend upon the
instantaneous amplitude of the signal as shown in fig 3.1(iii). When the signal voltage is zero as
at A, C, E and G, the carrier frequency is unchanged. When the signal approaches its positive
peak as at B and F, the carrier frequency is increased to maximum as shown by closely
(densely) spaced cycles. However, during the negative peaks of the signal as at D, the carrier
frequency is reduced to minimum as shown by the widely spaced cycles. The wonder in FM is
that the signal (i.e. information or the intelligence to be transmitted) is in the frequency variations
of the carrier. The carrier frequency varies at the rate of signal frequency, the frequency
deviation being proportional to the instantaneous amplitude (intensity) of the modulating signal.

Fig: 3.1

In Phase modulation, the phase of the carrier wave is changed in accordance with the
amplitude of the modulating signal. Frequency modulation is used in this equipment.
IRISET Page 28
 TX & RX FOR FM TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENTS

3.2 Generation of frequency modulation

When the reactance of the tank circuit of an oscillator is raised, then the frequency of
oscillation changes. There are a number of devices whose reactance can be varied by the
application of voltage, like bipolar transistor, tube, FLT, reactor diodes etc. When any one of the
above devices is earmarked to the tank circuit, then the reactance of the tank circuit can be
varied by application of an external voltage, thereby frequency of oscillation is varied.

3.3 TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER FOR FM TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

AKGEI - MODEL - M5

Transmitter and Receiver (Model M-5) for FM Token less Block Instrument as per
Drawing Nos: 103/68A & 103/67A respectively of A.K.G .Electronics Industries are used.

INTRODUCTION:

AKGEI make frequency modulated transmitter and receiver model M5 is based on

CSTE, Eastern Railway's Specification. The model has been approved and passed by CSTE,
Eastern Railway to work with FM token less block instrument.

The transmitter and receiver unit is designed to work at 24 [Link] with input supply
variation between 19.2 V and 28.8 V with the carrier frequency 2700\1800 cycles per sec. and
modulated frequency 65/85 cycles/sec. The maximum power consumption of transmitter and
receiver are 1.2 W and 8 W at 24 [Link] respectively. Test points are provided in the back of the
equipment’s to monitor the necessary test parameters. With 1 mw output power the receiver is
designed to work with 28dB attenuation inclusive of line loss.

The equipment is designed to work satisfactorily with temperature variation from 00 C to

55 C with relative humidity of 95% at 350 C. The equipment is also available with operating
0

temperature range from 00 C to 700 C at 95% RH at 350 C.

For distinctive identification, the transmitters and receivers for 2700 Hz are provided with
blue colored name plates spotting even Nos. and those for 1800 Hz are provided with Red
colored name plates spotting odd numbers.

Besides, the transmitter/receiver of AKGEI make (Model-M5) has been type approved
including the environmental severity tests conducted by RDSO, Lucknow, which makes the
Model (M-5) trans. receiver sets, fit and safe for use in single line train operation system.

During the climatic tests conducted under the said type approval, the AKGEI-make
Transmitter/ Receiver were tested by RDSO/ERTL and worked satisfactorily with Temperature
variation of O0 C to 550 C at 95% RH.

3.4 SPECIFICATION

3.4.1 TRANSMITTER

Supply voltage 24 [Link], + 20%, - 20%

Carrier frequency 1800 C/S, 2700 C/S, + 2%
Modulated frequency 65 C/S + 1.5 C/S
Modulated frequency 85 C/S + 1.5 C/S
Shift frequency + 15%
Power consumption 1.2 W at 24 [Link]

Page 29 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

FREQUENCY MODULATION – TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER

3.4.2 RECEIVER

Supply voltage 24 [Link], + 20%, - 20%

Carrier frequency 1800 C/S, 2700 C/S, + 2%
Modulated frequency 65 C/S + 1.5 C/S
Modulated frequency 85 C/S + 1.5 C/S
Shift frequency + 15%
Power consumption 8 W. Max. at 24 [Link]

3.4.3 General (Normal operating conditions)

Output level of transmitter 1 mW/3mW/5mW, +10%, - 5% in three ranges.

Line impedance of transmitter 600\1120 Ohms in three ranges
Receiver output The DC output voltage of the receiver is suitable to
drive CR1 and CR2 relays (plug in type Q series
relays 8F/8B) coil resistance’s 340 ohms.+ 5%
Sensitivity of the Receiver With minimum 1 MW transmitter output power,
The receiver is workable with 28 db attenuation
Rejection voltage at the relay Modulation frequency 65 Hz CR2 (65 C/s)
end No voltage minimum 21V.
Modulation frequency 85 Hz Minimum 21V.
No voltage.
Operating temperature range O0 C - 550 C
Overall dimensions Transmitter - 150 x 222 x 175 mm (+ 5%)
Receiver - 150 x 225 x 325 mm (+ 5%)
Weight Transmitter - 4.5 Kgs.(Approx.)
Receiver - 6.5 Kgs.(Approx.)
3.4.4 Protection: Protection to the power supply against overload and short circuit is
provided. Gating circuits have been provided in the receiver unit to render it immune to noise
impulse received either from supply source or from line so that CR1 and CR2 do not have
unsafe side failure.

3.4.5 Dielectric strength: Withstand 1 KV AC for 1 minute

3.4.6 Insulation: Minimum 10 meg ohms at 500 [Link].

3.5 DESCRIPTION
3.5.1 Input & Output terminals
Standard 8 way polarised rack and panel couplers are provided in both the transmitter
and receiver for external connections as follows:
Terminal No. of coupler Transmitter Receiver
1 Output Input signal
2 -do- -do-
3 + VC DC + VC DC
4 - VC - VC
5 Common CR1 Voltage (+)
6 85 Cycles -do- (-)
7 65 " CR2 Voltage (+)
8 Spare -do- (-)

IRISET Page 30
 DESCRIPTION

3.5.2 Test terminal for external connections

Test points are provided in the back of the equipment to monitor the necessary
parameters of transmitter and receiver as follows:

Transmitter:
+ +
O O O O O O
24V 11.5V 65 Hz 85 Hz Output

O O O O O O
U/Reg Reg Mod/ FQCY Carrier

Receiver:
+ +
O O O O O O
24V. Input Den CR1 CR2

O O O O O O
U/Reg Reg.

The above terminals are provided exclusively for measurement purpose and not for
drawing any external connections. Test points are provided with cover and sealing facility.

Page 31 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

FREQUENCY MODULATION – TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER

3.5.3 FUSE, SWITCH, & INDICATION

TRANSMITTER

The transmitter is provided with two switches to select the output level and output
impedance in three and two ranges respectively. Six Red LED indications are provided to
display respective positions of both output level (1mW, 3mW, 5mW) and output impedance
(600 ohms, 1120 ohms) corresponding to the position of level switch and impedance switch.
These two switches and six LEDs are provided with facility of seeing. Another red LED is
provided for the indication of power supply 'ON'. All these LEDs are connected through a 'Push
to ON' switch. The input fuse is located at the rear side and it is easily accessible.

RECEIVER

The receiver is provided with two selector switches on the front panel to simulate 0-28
dB attenuation at 2 dB change per step. The two selector switches are coupled with a toggle
switch which connects 0-16 dB on the left side and 18 dB-28 dB on the right hand side. If the
toggle switch is placed on left side 0-16 dB scale is connected to the circuit. Similarly, when the
toggle switch is switched to right hand side 18 to 28 dB is connected. Three LED indications
have been provided viz. Red for input power supply, Green for relay pick up condition and
Yellow for de-energised condition of the relay. All three indications are available when a press
switch in the front plate is pressed. The input fuse is located at the rear side and it is easily
accessible.

BLOCK & LEVEL DIAGRAMS

The functional block and level diagram of both transmitter and receiver is very straight
forward and easy to understand. All the E core and pot core ferrite transformers which have
been used in the circuit are indicated as E4, E5, E6, E7 & P1,P2,P3,P4,P5 & P6 etc. and they
perform different functions in the respective circuits.

BLOCK & LEVEL DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTER (TX)

Let us explain in brief, the block and level diagram of transmitter (TX). The oscillator
generates the keying frequencies 65 Hz/85 Hz with the help of E4 in conjunction with (CT) the
tuning capacitors, where as the carrier frequency 1800\2700 Hz is generated by P1. Now the
keying frequency and the carrier goes to modulator where frequency modulation is performed.
The total FM signal goes to the output stage through a coupling transformer P2. The output
stage comprises of an isolation transformer P3, which is connected to two conductors, which in
turn is connected to proper receiver, and the other part is connected to some indicator circuit to
show the level of output power and the impedance levels for which 6 LEDS mounted on the
front panel of TX have been used.

BLOCK & LEVEL DIAGRAM OF RECEIVER (RX)

The output of transmitter now becomes the input to receiver (RX). The received signal
now passes through the automatic signal processing stage and isolation transformer P4 and
goes to automatic level control circuit (ALC)\Band pass filter circuit via an attenuator pad (0 db
to 28 dB) range.

The processed signal now goes to amplifier for initial and proper amplification before it is
decoded/discriminated by a tuning circuit/decoding circuit.

The decoded received signal which is 65\85 Hz again goes to final amplification in stage
and subsequent stage which is called the lower deck where 2 orgo transformers and two relays
associated with rectifier circuits process the decoded signal to drive the respective relays as per
received signal.

IRISET Page 32
 TROUBLE SHOOTING - METHOD FOR TX/RX - M5

The beauty and the logic of the circuit is such that both 65 Hz and 85 Hz are never
processed at a time and thereby it is definite that both CR1 & CR2 do not pick up at a time.

A part of the final output signal is sampled by a comparator circuit to indicate the level of
the received signal which is sufficient to drive the relay or not. A green LED gain margin H will
glow which is mounted on the front panel of the Rx if PTM switch is pressed.

If the signal is insufficient to drive the relay or no received signal is there another LED
will glow instead of green LED.

3.6 TROUBLE SHOOTING - METHOD FOR TX/RX - M5

Apparatus

Analogue Multi meter, Frequency counter, O to 30V range power supply 2 Amp.CR1 &
CR2 relay (QN1).

The system should be mounted in a test gauge or working instrument. If there is no

output from receiver (RX), check if the supply is OK by pressing push to make switch both in
your Tx & Rx which have power on indicator Red LED. If the LED does not glow, check the
fuse. If the fuse is missing/block up, replace it.

If power OK, LED OK, Relay does not pick up, press the PTM switch which is on the
front panel and see if the level indicator green LED glows or not. If GREEN LED glows, that
means your relay driving signal is OK - problem is with the respective relay, so replace it and
get the desired result.
If the level indicator Amber LED glows:-
The relay driving signal is missing, so you check the following:

(a) Input to the Rx between 5 & 6 + 10V to + 13V P.P. &

7 & 8, + 1.5V to 2.5V P.P. 9 & 10
or 11 & 12, + 21.6 to 26V DC.
[Link].103\58\1
(Rx test terminal wiring diagram)

If the above voltage signals are not regular/proper, you have to open the cabinet and
follow the signal flow as per the drawing [Link].103\67A (Schematic Rx) and check the
voltages as indicated. In all cases, try to follow the LEGENDS as given in the schematic
[Link].103\67A & 103\65\A and follow the circuit description as given.

Similarly (b) follow the voltage/signal levels as indicated in the [Link].103\59\1 and
103\68\A for TX trouble shooting.

3.7 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION FOR TX/RX

TRANSMITTER: ([Link].103\68A)
The transmitter circuit consists of a regulated power supply unit 85\65 cycles modulation
frequency oscillator unit, switching unit, a carrier frequency oscillator unit and an output circuit
for impedance matching.
The unregulated supply is fed to the regulated power supply circuit through R/P coupler
(3 & 4) and fuse employing transistors Q1, Q2 and IC1 to give a regulated output of 12 V +0.5 V
with short circuit and overload protection over the entire input voltage range.

Page 33 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

FREQUENCY MODULATION – TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER

The 85\65 cycle modulated frequency is generated by employing transistors Q3, Q4.
Oscillating transformer E4 and tuning condensers. The output of E4 becomes a sine wave by
tuning it to its primary by tuning capacitors for 85\65 cycles. The output of the oscillator unit
drives the switching circuit employing transistor Q5 and transformer E5. The transformer E5 and
primary of P1 along with the tuning capacitors select the modulation index and provide
necessary filter.

The transistor Q6, transformer P1, and P2 gives the carrier oscillation superimposed
with modulated frequency. The carrier oscillator is tuned to 2700\1800 cycles by tuning
capacitors. The secondary of P2 gives the modulated frequency output.

The output circuit employing transistor Q7 and output transformer for impedance
matching gives the ultimate transmitter output through R/P coupler (1 & 2).

The output power of the transmitter is controlled by adjusting the emitter bias.

RECEIVER: ([Link].103\67A).

The receiver unit incorporates a DC regulated power supply unit. Automatic signal
processing (ASP) unit, attenuator unit, amplifier/limiter unit (PS\ALS) discriminator unit decoding
unit and output circuit unit.

The unregulated power supply is fed to the regulated power supply circuit through R/P
coupler (3 & 4) and fuse employing transistors Q1.Q2 for 17V. output and IC1 for giving 12V,
output with short circuit and overload protection over the entire input voltage range.

The line input from the Transmitter output end is fed to receiver input through R/P
coupler (1 & 2). The signal is passed through an automatic signal processing unit to restrict
noise and spikes - the output of which is passed through an isolation transformer P4 followed by
0 - 28 dB attenuator unit.

The signal after attenuation passes through frequency selective automatic level control
unit (FS\ALC) which maintain its output to a maximum and minimum level automatically with 0 -
28 dB attenuation so that stable operation of the subsequent stages is maintained.

The output of FS\ALC unit passes through the discriminating stages employing
transistors Q3, Q4 and transformer PS, P6 to discriminate the carrier frequency and modulated
frequency along with tuning capacitors.

The discriminator output processed through filter capacitors is fed to the decoder circuit
employing transistors Q5 to Q11 and transformers E6, E7 for selecting 65\85 Hz. modulated
output.

The output of the decoder circuit is fed to two CRGO transformers (8 & 9) to get the
ultimate output. The secondary of the output transformers passes through some relay circuit,
bridge rectifiers, filters etc. gives the DC output for the operation of CR1\CR2 relays. The relay
logic is maintained by sensing the decoder output at the output transformer and passed through
a sense logic circuit. The margin logic circuit is a comparator circuit to sense the operating level
of the relays with visual indication.

***

IRISET Page 34
 RDSO MODIFICATIONS TO LINE CIRCUIT

CHAPTER – 4: MODIFICATIONS IN 25 KV RE AREA

4.1 Normally the transmitter/receiver circuit (FM Signals) is superimposed on the same pair
of line wires of D.C. circuit. In RE area it is worked on a pair of conductors of pet quad of main
telecom cable and the D.C. circuit works on two phantoms derived from the pet quad.

Since diodes are used in the BLR and NR circuits, induced EMF under earth fault
conditions will get rectified and affect these relays. Hence, to protect the BLR and NR from AC
induced voltages, a block filter unit is connected between the block instrument and the line.
External relays XR and YR are also used, as in the case of Neal’s type token block instrument,
to prevent energisation of the line relays due to momentary discharge of condenser in the filter
unit. The block telephone is connected to the other physical pair of the PET quad.
The external connections to suite RE are shown in Fig. 4.1.

4.2 RDSO Modifications to Line Circuit

RDSO has examined different ways of reducing the operating voltage for the handle type
tokenless block instrument to be used in RE area and suggested the following: vide their
[Link].S.1 S/WS-6 dt.2-4-91.
(a) Removal of Choke CH-1
Choke CH 1 is provided (in non-RE area) to prevent FM Signal getting
affected by the local battery since both DC and FM signals are superimposed on the
same pair of line wires. However, in RE area, since a physical pair is used for FM
signal and a derived phantom is used for DC the choke CH1 does not serve any
purpose. 'Removal of the choke will result in a reduction of 4 volts in the power
supply in view of 100 mA current flowing through the circuit.
(b) Removal of Resistance R2
Short circuit protection resistance R2 (20 Ohms) may be dispensed with,
since this protection is not required and is not, in any case, provided in other Block
Instruments. This will mean, consequently, a reduction of 2 volts in the power
supply.
(c) Elimination of diodes and - Filter Unit
In the existing circuit, both NR and BLR are of QBA1 type, each requiring
about 100m.A. current. They are connected in parallel and blocking diodes D1 and
D2 have been used to limit the current to 100 m A by giving feed to only one relay at
a time. The use of these diodes has, however, necessitated the need for use of filter
units, which are otherwise not required. In absence of filter unit the induced AC.
voltage might result in rectified DC voltage due to the presence of the blocking
diodes. This problem is now sought to be eliminated by the use of AC immunised
1000 ohms neutral relay instead of QBA1 relay for BLR. This will, however, result in
increase of line current from 100 mA to 112 mA. In such case, filter unit can be
dispensed with, resulting in overall reduction in the power supply. The circuit with
this arrangement is as given in Fig .1.7.
Filter units will not be required up to length of 28 Kms of block section,
provided proper precautions are taken for human safety. Implementation of
recommendation (i),(ii) and (iii) above will result in to the total reduction of the line
resistance to 40 + ( 4x90) + 20 = 420 ohms. Keeping in view, 10 % extra current
now flowing in the line on account of removal of blocking diodes, the overall
reduction in the working voltage will be about 35 V.
Replacement of two numbers of QNA1 relays for BLR and NR with one
no. of Polar Relay (See Annexure 1,2,3&4) and relaxation for use of earth return
circuit are also being considered by RDSO.
Page 35 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE
MODIFICATIONS IN 25KV RE AREA

Fig.4:1

***

IRISET Page 36
 FIXED INDICATIONS

CHAPTER – 5: SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL

MAINTENANCE
Special requirements of Single Line Block Instruments

5.1 Fixed Indications: The instruments shall be provided with visual indication clearly
giving the following indications: (SEM 7.141)

(a) When the instruments are normal and there is no train in the block section, "Line
Closed" at both the stations.

(b) When Line Clear for a train to leave the Block station in rear has been given, "Train
Coming From" at the receiving station.

(c) When Line Clear for a train to leave a Block station has been received from the
Block station ahead, "Train Going To" at the sending station.

5.2 Current Indicator: An indicator, indicating the polarity of current, shall be provided to
indicate incoming and outgoing line currents. (SEM 7.142)

5.3 Operation: (SEM 7.143)

5.3.1 "Train Going To" and "Train Coming From": The instruments shall be such that the
cooperation of the Station Master at the other end of the section shall be necessary. Even with
the cooperation of the Station Master at the other end, the Station Master has to go through one
or more definite moving operations on the instrument in addition to working of bell plunger:

(a) before he can grant Line Clear to the Station Master at the other end of the section to
release a token, or

(b) before he can obtain Line Clear and extract a token. (SEM 7.143.1)

5.3.2 Line Closed: Both the instruments shall be restored to normal before a further operation
of setting the instrument to "Train Going To"/"Train Coming From" can be carried out. It shall
not be possible for the instruments at either end of the section to be restored to normal without
the cooperative features indicated in Para 4.15.1. (SEM 7.143.2)

5.4 Operation of "Line Clear" receiving and granting mechanism: It shall not be
possible for the mechanism which permits a "Line Clear" to be received and that which permits
a "Line Clear" to be granted to be in operation at the same time. (SEM 7.144)

5.5 The instrument that is set to "Train Going To" for initiating a train movement shall be first
one to be restored to "Line Closed" on complete arrival of the train at the receiving station.
(SEM 7.145)

Additional requirements of Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments

5.6 Fixed Indications: In addition to the fixed indications specified in paragraph 4.13. the
instrument shall be provided with means to indicate "Train On Line" at both the sending and
receiving stations when a train has entered the block section. (SEM 7.149)

5.7 Immunity from extraneous currents: Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments
shall work on coded impulse/frequency modulated current system so as to be immune from the
effects of extraneous currents. (SEM 7.150)

Page 37 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL MAINTENANCE

5.8 Operations - Handle type Tokenless Block Instruments: (SEM 7.151)

5.8.1 "Train Going To" and "Train Coming From": The instrument shall be such that even
with the cooperation of the Station Master at the other end of the section, the Station Master
has to go through one or more definite moving operations on the instrument in addition to the
working of bell plunger -

(a) before he sets his instrument to "Train Coming From"

(b) before he sets his instrument to "Train Going To".(SEM 7.151.1)

5.8.2 "Train On Line": Means shall be provided to ensure that the instruments are set to
"Train On Line" automatically by the entry of the train into the block section and maintained in
that position until the train has cleared the block section. This indication shall be in addition to
the "Train Going To" or "Train Coming From" indications of the handle. (SEM 7.151.2)

5.8.3 "Line Closed": Both the instruments shall be restored to normal before a further
operation of setting the instrument to "Train Going To"/"Train Coming From" can be carried out.
It shall not be possible for the instruments at either end of the section to be restored to normal
without the cooperative features enumerated in Para-4.23.1. (SEM 7.15)

General maintenance
(a) Each part shall be always kept clean so that its proper working may not be affected
due to dirt.

(b) Terminals, bolts and plugs of Transmitter and Receiver shall always be kept well
tightened so as to prevent any looseness of fixtures and consequent poor contact.

(c) All Contacts in. Block Handle, PB1, PB2 buttons S1, S2 switches are clean and free
from grease or dirt.

(d) All springs are in good condition and kept properly adjusted.

(e) Contact and switches are under appropriate pressure. The Contacting Portion should
be maintained smooth as they wear out at the time of sliding.

(f) All mechanical moving parts inside the token less Instrument work freely and are well
lubricated. Special Care to be taken during rainy weather to prevent rusting and
sticking of parts.

(g) Locking piece and locking segments inside the tokenless instrument shall be cleaned
regularly specially during rainy weather.

(h) No oil or grease should be applied in the locking piece and locking segment.

(i) At respective handle stops, there shall not be more than 0.5 mm clearance between
locking piece and the projection of locking segment.

(j) Between locking piece and the upper edge of the locking segment when the former
is in locked condition and between the Locking piece and the lower edge of locking
segment when the former is in unlocked condition there shall be a slight clearance
and there shall be no possibility of the locking piece being lifted up.
(k) The lock armature works freely and the locking portion is properly forced down for
each locking portion.
(l) There is no undue tendency for the Lock Magnet to be held when electrically
de-energized.

IRISET Page 38
 GENERAL MAINTENANCE

(m) The magnet coil does not retain any Magnetism.

(n) Switches S1 and S2 should be checked regularly. Number of counter operates
serially;
(o) Number in every case is clear and visible.
(p) Connecting rod with shunt key and Block Handle assembly shall be checked
frequently.
(q) The minimum line battery voltage should be maintained at 21.5 V.D C.
(r) The minimum line battery voltage should be maintained and ensure operating
voltage at the other instrument at 21.5 V D.C.
(s) The output voltage of receiver for operating CR1 or CR2 shall be 19. 2 V min.
(t) Transmitter - Source voltage - 24 [Link] Output
(u) Receiver - Source voltage - 24 [Link]
Input voltage - 0.2 V to 1.0 V (with VTVM).
(v) TOLK armature should be checked for its placement in the center channel putting
the finger tip at the edge of the armature on both sides lightly to check easy play and
full operation of parabolic indicator.
(w) When the input voltage is in the range of 0.2 V to 1.0 V (by VTVM) the output
terminal voltage should be 19.2 volt min.

Tokenless working - DO’s (For operating staff)

(a) Cabin man must always see that when putting back signals to ‘ON’ the Signal arms
corresponds the levers otherwise the Block Instruments at both end may get locked.
(b) All signal levers must be at Normal position before any operation is started.
(c) After pressing PB1 and PB2 every time, it should be that these come back to normal
when released.
(d) The Block Handle can be operated trouble free if it is initially turned with a slow to
and fro movement. Hasty or jerky attempt at the beginning may not release the
handle.
(e) The Adv. Starter lever should always be pulled with slow start to release the lock in
normal position. Where lever locks are provided.
(f) The Block handle and the arrow on it should be kept perfectly in 'N' or 'L' or 'R'
position as the case may be and never be in any intermediate position other than the
three mentioned above.
(g) In case of cancellation by switches it must be ensured that departure and approach
signals at both ends are put back to ‘ON’ if already lowered to make the cancellation
effective.
(h) Always see that the Telephone HMT is on the Hook at both ends are put back to
’ON’ if every time before PB1 and PB2 are pressed simultaneously.
(i) The Home and outer signal levers must be kept pulled for reception of a train even in
case of failure of Home signals slot or reverser. Non compliance will result in
unnecessary failure.

Page 39 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL MAINTENANCE

Tokenless Working – DON’T s (for operating staff)

(a) Before starting any operation of the instrument do not fail to see that the S.M. key,
S1and S2 switch are in proper normal position. All relevant signals are at “ON” &
Levers normal.

(b) Do not pull any of the Home Signal or Advance Starter Signal lever before either
granting or receiving line clear.

(c) Do not try to turn the Block Handle to any position in a hasty manner.

(d) Do not fail to acknowledge promptly the train entering section code or TOL, bell and
indication.

(e) In case off operation of switch S1 and S2 do not forget to put the switch back to
normal before trying to normalize the block handle to line closed.

(f) (i) Do not forget that the procedure of closing the block by the stations after
cancellation operation by S1 or S2 is just the reverse of the sequence for normal
operation.
(ii) Simple rule:

Normal Operation Sending station Receiving station

(without S1or S2switch) Normalizes first. Normalizes last.
Operation Receiving Station Sending Station
(with S1 or S2 switch ). Normalizes first Normalizes last

(g) In case of receiving back the same train by the sending station do not fall to operate
S2 switch to make the slot effective for lowering of the reception signal and also do
not forget to put back the switch to normal after the train arrival bell starts ringing.

(h) Do not keep the Telephone hand set off the hook when not talking with the other
end.

Salient features of Transmitter and Receiver Units

1 Handle type Tokenless block Instruments using frequency modulated current system are
suitable for use in 25 KV 50 cycles AC Traction area.

1.1 The frequency are :

Carrier frequencies - 1800 HZ and 2700 HZ
Modulating frequencies - 65HZ and 85 HZ

The carrier frequency of 1800 HZ and 2700 HZ have been adopted and the 65 HZ and
85 HZ modulating frequencies are utilized for coding purpose as given below

CONDITION CODE
i) To turn Block Handle from Normal to “ Train Going To” 65 Hz - DC 24 V
II) Normal to “Train Coming From “
iii) Train Coming From “ to Normal “ 85 Hz - DC 24 V
iv) Train Going to “Normal “
v) “Train On Line “ Indication (Automatic ) 65 Hz - only

IRISET Page 40
 SALIENT FEATURES OF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER UNITS

ADDITIONAL CODE

“Train On Line “ Acknowledgement + 24 [Link]

Bell Code ringing. - 24 [Link]

1.2 The Electronic Equipment :Transmitter and Receiver Operates between 21.6 V to 28 V DC

1.3 The Coding Relays CR1/CR2 Operate from the rectified feed in the receiver unit.

1.4 The signalling relays CR1/CR2 being Q series plug in type worked from 24 [Link] supply,
the electronic portion of the equipment in the receiver unit have been suitably designed.
The stabled operation of the equipment has been achieved by working the receiver stages
from 20 V regulated supply and 12 V regulated supply derived from 24 [Link] source.

1.5 To protect the Transmitter out put and receiver input stages from Excessive induction
Voltage. Varistors have been provided at both ends across the output transformer of the
transmitter unit and input transformer of the received unit to limit the voltage to safe limits.

1.6 The Transistors used are of silicon type with higher ambient temperature (0 to 70 C)

1.7 Suitable indigenous ferrite cores have been used in all the transformers and tropicalised to
suit weather conditions.

1.8 The condensers and resistors, diodes used are of superior grade and precision type for
accuracy and printed circuits have been used.

1.9 The equipment is rated for continuous working. It is protected against heat, generated
within the equipment, in such a manner that the temperature of the transistors used does
not exceed the maximum permissible operating condition.

A.C. induction immunity

1. The equipment both transmitter and receiver are immunized from the adverse affects of 650
[Link] 50 Hz induction voltage due to power parallelism from high tension transmission lines.

2. Induced Voltage of 600 [Link] 50 Hz on the line circuit for 300 msec within the receiver
energized will not break the back contact of signalling relays CR1 or CR2 connected to the
receiver.

3. Induced Voltage of 600 [Link] 50 Hz on line circuit of 300 msec with transmitter and receiver
energized from a source voltage of 24 [Link] will not affect CR1 or CR2 (Q series relays)
and will not cause break in back contact.

4. A general application of 350 [Link] 50 Hz injected on the line will not have effect on the
relays CR1 or CR2 connected to receiver unit in energized condition.

5. The transmitter and receiver withstands a dielectric strength test of 1 KV between all
current carrying parts and other parts insulated, therefore the insulation of current carrying
parts with respect to other parts insulated are above 10 Mega ohms with a 500 [Link]
Megger.

Page 41 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL MAINTENANCE

General:

1. The Transmitters and receivers are suitable for vertical mounting.

2. The connectors are of the plug in type sockets fixed at rear of the equipment.

3. The transmitter is provided with level switch in three ranges, Viz. Low, Medium and High. A
change over switch provided for matching line either on 600 ohms or 1120 ohms.

4. The Receiver unit is provided with attenuator switch ranging from 0 to 28 db. In DCC make
attenuator switch is not provided. It is also provided with test plugs for the measurement of
the following output.

Carrier frequency – input source voltage

Keying frequency – regulated supply voltage.

5. Sensitivity of Receiver unit. With 1 MW transmitter output power, Receiver will operate with
28 db line attenuation. Receiver consists of an attenuator, a band pass filter and impedance
switch.

6. Accuracy of frequencies:-

Keying frequency – 65 Hz + 5%
– 85 Hz + 5%
Carrier frequency – 2700 or 1800 Hz + 2%
Shift frequency – 160 Hz + 15%

7. Rectified output of the Receiver unit is suitably designed for operation of ‘Q’ Series Relays
whose drop away and pick up voltages have been accepted as follows:

P.U. – 19.2 V : D.A. – 13.6 V (min).

Relay Terminal voltage of Relay

CR1(85 Hz) CR2 (65 Hz)
65Hz + 5% The terminal voltage should be The Relay should pick up.
under the drop away voltage
85 Hz + 5% The relay should pick up The terminal voltage
should be under the drop
away voltage.

8. In the A.C Electrified areas the Token less Block Instruments are suitably connected to the
under-ground cable between the stations. The screened Telephone cable laid for the
communication circuit have pair of polyethylene insulated quad for Block working. The
Token less Block Instruments are connected in the Polyethylene insulated quad to the V.F
Transformer.

9. The Token less Block Instrument manufactured as per IS – 98 – 2001 with modifications (1)
Rated current value for normal operation up to 1 Amp. (2) Variation of the source supply
voltage 21.6 V DC to 28.8 V.D.C (3) The time release 90 Sec to 120 Sec.

***

IRISET Page 42
 METHOD OF OPERATION

CHAPTER – 6: METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

6.1 Method of Operation

Method of Operation for Single line Token less Block Instrument is as follows. Both
stations are assumed to be equipped with semaphore signals.

(A) Dispatching train from Station A to Station B.

Sl.
Station A Station B
No
Normal Status:- Block indicator of the Normal Status:- Block indicator of the
instrument in 'Line Closed' position. All instrument in ‘Line Closed' position. All
relevant signals and their controls are normal. relevant signals and their controls are
normal.
1 Inserts 'SM’s Key and turns.
2 Presses the PB1 push button and
sends ‘call attention' code of bell signals.
3 Bell sounds for 'call attention' code of
bell signals.
4 Inserts ‘SM’s Key and turns.
5 Acknowledges the 'call attention' code
by pressing the PB1 button.
6 Bell Sounds as acknowledgement of 'call
attention' code of bell signals.
7 Sends ‘Attend Telephone' code of bell signals
by pressing the PB1 button
8 Acknowledges the 'Attend Telephone'
code of bell signals by pressing the PB1
push button to Acknowledge the ‘Attend
Telephone' code and attends on
Telephone.
9 Asks for ‘Line Clear’ on telephone (giving
name of station on the telephone)
10 Accepts the 'Line Clear’ enquiry.
11 Sends 'Is Line Clear’ enquiry code of signals
by pressing PB1 button along With PB2
button until Galvo needle gives a kick
12 On receiving 'Is Line Clear’ code turns
Block handle to 'Train Coming From’
Position
13 Answers back the ‘Is Line Clear’ code of
bell signals by pressing ‘PB1’ button
along, with ‘PB2’ button until Galvo
needle gives a kick.
14 On receiving answer back to its 'Is Line Clear'
code. turns Block handle to 'Train Going To
Position

Page 43 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

Sl.
Station A Station B
No
15 (a) Takes 'OFF’ the Last Stop Signal. Train
enters Block Section.
(b) Last Stop Signal return to 'ON' position.
(c) 'Train on Line' Indicator appears
automatically and Buzzer starts operating
(Where provided).
(d) Instrument sends automatic ‘Train on
Line’ code.
Replaces Last Stop Signal Lever to N
16 'Train on Line' indicator appears on
receiving the ‘Train On Line’ Code and
Buzzer sounds.
17 Sends ‘Call attention’ code of signals by
pressing PB1 button.
18 The instrument stops automatic 'Train on
Line' code.
19 Where provided 'Train on line' buzzer stops.
20 'Train on Line' buzzer Stops
21 Acknowledges 'Call attention' code of
signals by pressing PB1 button
22 Sends ‘Train on Line' code of bell signals.
23 Acknowledges ‘Train on Line' code of
bell signals.
24 a) Takes 'OFF' the reception signals
b) Train enters the station.
c) Reception Signal return to ‘ON'
position
d) 'Train arrival' Buzzer sounds.
e) Replaces home Signal lever at SM's
control.
f) ‘Train arrival’ buzzer stops
25 Sends 'Call attention' code of bell
signals.
26 Acknowledges 'Call attention' code of signals.
27 Sends 'Train arrived' code by pressing
‘PB1’ button along with ‘PB2’ button until
'Galvo' needle gives a kick.
28 On reception of 'Line Closed' code turns
Block handle to Line Closed' indicator. ‘Train
on Line' indicator turns ‘OFF'
29 Answers back the ‘Line Closed’ code of bell
signals by pressing’PB1’' button along with
‘PB2' button until 'Galvo' needle gives a kick
30 On reception of ‘Line Closed’ code turns
Block handle to ‘Line Closed’.

Note: Similar procedure is repeated when dispatching a train from Station 'B' to Station ' A’

IRISET Page 44
 METHOD OF OPERATION

(B) To cancel a 'line clear' before the train enters the Block Section.

Sl.
Station A Station B
No
Normal Status: Block handle at 'Train Normal Status: - Block handle at ‘Train
Going To' position. Coming From' position.
1. Calls the attention of station ‘B’ and takes
his consent on telephone
2. Gives consent on telephone and ensures
all concerned signals & their controls at
normal on ‘SIGNAL NORMAL’ indicator.

3. a) Operates 'Cancel' switch S1 to reverse/

presses 'Cancel' button
b)Puts back all controls of relevant signals
to ‘ON' and ensures all concerned signals
and their controls are at normal
c) Counter registers next higher number
d) Waits for 2 minutes for ‘TIME
RELEASE' indicator.
e) ‘TIME RELEASE indicator operates.
f) Turns 'Cancel’ switch S1 ( if a switch is
provided) to normal
4. Sends 'Call attention' code of signals

5. Acknowledges 'Call attention' code of

signals.
6. Sends ‘Cancellation’ code of Bell signals
as under:
Presses 'PB1' button along with ‘PB2’
button until Galvo’ needle gives a kick

7. On reception of 'Cancellation' code

Turns Block handle to 'Line Closed'
Position
8. Answers back the 'Line Closed' code of
bell signals by pressing ‘PB1’ button along
with ‘PB2’ button until ‘Galvo’ needle gives
a kick
9. On reception of answer back 'Cancellation’
code
Turns Black handle to 'Line Closed'
Position

Page 45 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

(C) Closing of Block Section after the train pushes back to the dispatching station.

Sl.
Station A Station B
No.
Block handle at 'Train Going to' Position Block handle at 'Train Coming From'
'TRAIN ON LINE' Indicator ‘ON’ Position ‘TRAIN ON LINE’ Indicator ‘ON’
1 Calls the attention of Station 'B' on
Telephones and takes his consent.
2 Gives consent on telephone and ensures
all concerned signals & controls at normal
on its 'SIGNAL NORMAL' indicator.
3 a) Operate switch S2 to reverse. Takes
'OFF' the reception signals
b) Train enters the station.
c) Home Signal returns to 'ON' position
d) 'Train arrival' Buzzer sounds.
e) Replaces Home Signal lever at
operator’s control.
f) 'Train arrival' buzzer stops.
g) Cancellation counter registers next
higher number.
h) Turns 'Cancel' switch (if a switch is
provided) to normal
i) Ensures all concerned signals &
controls at normal on its ‘SIGNAL
NORMAL’ indicator.
4 Sends 'Call attention’ code of signals
5 Acknowledges 'Call attention' code of
signals.
6 Sends ‘Cancellation’ code of Bell Signals
Presses PB1 button along with PB2 button
until 'Galvo’ needle, gives a kick.
7 On reception of 'Cancellation' code turns
Block handle to 'Line Closed' Position.
'Train on Line' indicator turns OFF
8 Answers back the ‘Line Closed' code of
bell signals by pressing 'PB1 ' button along
with 'PB2 ' button until 'Galvo' needle gives
a kick.
9 On reception of answer back
'Cancellation' code
Turns Block handle to Line Closed'
indicator ‘TRAIN ON LINE' Indicator turns
OFF.

IRISET Page 46
 METHOD OF OPERATION

(D) Shunting between Last Stop Signal and Opposing First Stop Signal
[Link] Station A Station B

Instrument Block Handle Indicator in Instrument Block handle in 'Line closed'

'Line closed position. All concerned position.
signals at normal on its 'SIGNAL
NORMAL' indicator. Reception signal
shall not be taken ‘OFF’ for shunting.
1 Calls the attention of Station 'B' and
obtains his consent on telephone.
2 Gives consent on telephone.
3 (a) Applies ‘SM's' key and takes out the
shunting Key of the concerned
section Block instrument.
(b) Hands over Shunting Key to the
Driver
(c) Driver completes shunting and
returns Key to SM.
(d) Applies 'SM's’ key , Shunting Key is
replaced in the instrument.
4 Informs the SM at ‘B' on telephone
5 Acknowledges on telephone.

(E) Shunting between Last Stop Signal and Opposing First Stop Signal behind a
departing train with Block indicator in 'Train Going To' position with or without
'Train on Line' indicator:
[Link]
Station A Station B
Instrument Block Handle in ‘Train Going Instrument Block Handle in 'Train Coming
To' position. All reception signals at From’ position.
‘N0RMAL’. Reception signal shall not be
taken 'OFF’ for shunting
1 Calls the attention of Station 'B’ and
obtains his consent on telephone for
shunting behind the train.
2 Gives consent on the telephone.
3 (a) Applies SM's key and takes out the
Shunting Key' of the concerned
Section’s Block Instrument.
(b) Hands over Shunting Key to the
Driver.
(c) Driver completes shunting and
returns key, to SM
(d) Applies SM's key. Shunting key is
restored to the Instrument.
4 Informs the SM at 'B’ on telephone.
5 Acknowledges telephone. Initiates the
procedure for closing of the block section
to ‘Line Closed’ position in case the train
has already been received. In case the
train has not been received prior to
completion of shunting at Station ‘A’
initiates procedure for closing of the Block
section after the reception of the train.

Page 47 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

6.2 FAILURE OF INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS

6.2.1 Handle Type Tokenless Block Instrument shall be considered to be interrupted
and their working suspended in the following circumstances.
(a) When attention cannot be obtained direct on the Block Instrument.
(b) When signals on the Bell are received indistinctly or fail together.
(c) If the Last Stop signal fails to return to 'ON' position as a train passes it.
(d) If the Train arrival buzzer does not sound the alarm even after the complete passage
of the train inside the Home signal over the Last Vehicle track Circuit (This may be
due to failure of, the Last Vehicle Track Circuit.)
Note: Though Home Signal may go automatically to ‘ON’ by passage of the train, home signal
lever shall not be put back to ‘Normal' Position unless the whole of the train has arrived
inside the Home signal. Failure to adhere to this will result in a Block Failure and the
Train arrival buzzer will not sound alarm under such circumstances
(e) When there is reason to believe that there is contact between the Block wire and any
other circuit.
Note: (i) If a contact exists between the Block wire and any other circuit, there is a possibility
of irregular beats on the bell. A contact between two block wires would cause
signals given on one instrument to be repeated on the neighbouring instrument.
(ii)The Telephone connected with the instrument for train signalling, also shall be
considered as having failed and working by means of the telephone would not be
resumed until authorised by the Signal Engineer or any other authorised person.
(f) If the Instrument or its battery counter is found unlocked or seal missing.
(g) When 'Train on Line’ buzzer fails to give the alarm for any reason at the receiving
station, even after display of 'Train on Line' indication on the Block Instruments.
Note: (i) If a following train in the same direction working on paper line clear ticket actuates the
TAR bell, block working may be resumed.
(ii)If there is no following train but there is a train to proceed in the opposite direction the
same will be dispatched on paper line clear ticket. The Station Master at other end
should use S-2 switch and as in the case of a train pushing back and receive the train
on proper signals after which block working may be resumed without waiting for S&T
staff.
(h) When a Material Train etc. is required to be taken into a Block Section after Line
Block has been imposed in accordance with Appendix V, to the General and
Subsidiary Rules.
Note: Block working (with Line Clear exchange by any means) shall he suspended and the
Material train etc. started on an 'Authority' to proceed without Line Clear'. After the Line
Block has been removed the Station Masters themselves shall resume block working in
a accordance with paragraph 8.7 below:
(i) When a train is required to enter block section which is obstructed by an accident or
any other reason.
Note: Block Working (with line Clear Exchange by any means) shall be suspended and trains
started on 'an' authority to proceed without Line Clear on the obstruction being
removed, the Station Masters themselves shall resume block working in accordance
with paragraph 8.7 below :
(j) If it is known that the Instrument is defective in any way not specified above.

IRISET Page 48
 OTHER FAILURES

6.2.2 Other failures

(a) If the Galvanometer needle fails to move, when bell signals are given or received.'

(b) If the 'Train on Line' indication falls to appear on the Instrument after the train has
entered the: Block Section.'

(c) If the Last Stop signal lever cannot be reversed when the Block Handle is turned to
the 'Train Going To' position.

(d) If the Last Stop signal lever can be reversed when the Block Handle is not turned to
the 'Train Going To’ position.

(e) When the train arrives at a station with out Line Clear having been given for it.

Note: This occurrence must be reported as an accident.

(f) Whenever the Block Handle is not free to be turned from one of the positions even
after the correct sequence of operations.

(i) If the Block Handle can be turned from ‘Train On Line’ to 'Line Closed' position
before arrival of the train.

(ii) If the Block Handle can be turned to any of the three positions without a
prolonged beat from the station at the other end.

Fig : 3.3

Page 49 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

Fig : 3.4

IRISET Page 50
 RX. BLOCK AND SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM

Fig : 3.5

Page 51 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

Fig : 1.4

IRISET Page 52
 DIAGRAM

Fig : 1.5

Page 53 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

Fig : 1.6

IRISET Page 54
 CIRCUIT ELIEMINATING DIODES AND FILTER UNIT

Fig : 1.7

Page 55 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION AND FAILURE

Fig : 3.6

IRISET Page 56
 RECEIVER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig : 3.7

Page 57 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

INTRODUCTION TO PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

CHAPTER – 7: INTRODUCTION TO PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS

BLOCK INSTRUMENT
IRS SPECIFICATION S 32/66; Ref: Circuit [Link]. S.1082/94.

7.1.1 INTRODUCTION

The main purpose of introducing Tokenless Block working is to reduce the block
operating time. This could be achieved up to a limited extent only in the instruments of the
handle type. The co-operation of the other station at the time of obtaining line clear even
though it is established that the section is clear or at the time of closing the Block Section after
the arrival of the train is still needed in the handle type of instruments. To obtain the full
advantage of Tokenless block working, a new type of Tokenless block instruments of the push
button type have been evolved and now introduced on the Indian Railways where the above
drawbacks are eliminated.

7.2 System: Tokenless Block Instrument of the push button type consists basically of a set of
push buttons provided on a control panel and relays provided in a cabinet. For a block section
one instrument is installed at each end of the block section and the instrument are connected
with two line wires. In this instrument there is no mechanical interlocking and the interlocking is
purely by relays. Merely by operating push buttons on the control panel, various operations can
be done.

7.3 To set the instrument to "Train Going To" condition push buttons BCB (Bell Code Button)
and TGB (Train Going to Button) are pressed simultaneously at the train sending station. This
operation transmits the "Train Coming From" code to the instrument at the other end and if the
conditions for granting of "Line Clear" are satisfied, sets the instrument to "Train Coming From"
condition. After the instrument at the receiving end is set to TCF, “TGT code” is automatically
generated and transmitted back to set the instrument at the dispatching end to "Train Going To"
condition.

7.3.1 Similarly, when the train arrives at the receiving end, operation of push buttons BCB and
LCB (Line Closed Button) simultaneously at the receiving end results in transmission of the
“Line Closed Code” to the other end instrument and setting that instrument to Line Closed
Condition. The instrument at the dispatching end after setting to Line Closed generates Line
Closed Code automatically and transmits “Line Closed Code” to set the Train receiving
Instruments to Line Closed Condition.

7.3.2 Three step polar impulse coding is employed in these instruments as follows: -

TCF Code For setting the instrument to TCF - + -

TGT Code -do- TGT - - +
TOL Code -do- TOL - - -
Line Closed Code either from TGT -do- to normal - + +
or from TCF position.
or on cancellation of line clear both
in normal or on push back operation.

For transmission of bell signal positive current is sent on line 1 (L1) and -ve on line 2(L2)

7.3.3 Construction: The instrument consists essentially of two parts

(a) A relay cabinet housing all relays, and
(b) A dash board called 'Control Panel' containing push buttons, indicators, bell,
telephone, etc.

IRISET Page 58
 CONSTRUCTION

These two are manufactured as a compact unit with the control panel coming on top of
the relay cabinet. The overall height renders the indicators to be at the eye-level and the buttons
within comfortable reach of a man of normal height.

Page 59 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

INTRODUCTION TO PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

Relay Cabinet: Height is 141 cm. The base measures 56 cm x 31 cm. There are two doors one
on each of the broader sides. These doors are removable type and do not swing out. This
reduces the area required for maneuvering. The panel and the relays are on the front side,
while the button contacts and jack board terminals of the relays are on the rear side. The space
between the later and the nearest wall or any such obstruction should be enough for the
Maintainer to sit comfortably and attend to repairs or measurements. Floor mounting is adopted
for fitting the instruments.

ARA (QBA) terminals totaling 72/50 numbers are housed below the relays to take on
external connections including sources of power line etc. Necessary contacts and coil terminals
of relays are brought out to these terminals. Cables for batteries, line and external circuits are
brought to the terminals from the opening at the bottom on the instrument.

Wiring is done as per a colour code for easy identification.

The user has to provide EKT instruments for shunt key and catch / slip siding control key
where required as these are not supplied by the Manufacturers.

Control Panel: This is surfaced with a black colored laminated sheet on the front that is
recessed to receive the push buttons, indicators etc.

IRISET Page 60
 PUSH BUTTONS

Though the relay case and control panel are mounted on the same frame, only the
relays are exposed for observation when the front door is removed and the panel remaining in
position. A special latch is provided to hold the panel in that position. It can be opened out on
hinges when this latch is pulled down, lugs unscrewed and the panel drawn out. The panel
swings out. The button contacts, indicator lamps etc., come within easy reach of the Maintainer.

Another feature is the stenciled indicating arrows provided between the engraved
Perspex sheet and the lamps of TCF and TGT panel. These are of reversible type. This
provision freely allows positioning of the instruments parallel to the track and does not make the
instruments direction oriented.

Description of Push Buttons, Indicators, etc.

Push Buttons
(a) Bell Push Button: Colour - Black. Code - BCB. This is the most often used button.
This is used to call the other station master's attention and for exchange of bell code.
For cancellation operation, and for transmitting a TCF or Line Closed Code, this
button has to be pressed along with the relevant button. Whenever BCB button is
pressed, the panel also lights up to give an indication to the operator of the condition
of the instrument.

(b) "Train Going To" Button: Colour - Green, Code - TGB. This button is pushed
along with BCB for setting the instrument to TGT. This button is also pressed to
interrupt the TOL transmission to facilitate the train sending operator to exchange
bell code of signals and contact other station on phone which are otherwise not
possible during the transmission of TOL code.

(c) "Line Closed" Button: Colour - White, Code - LCB. To be pushed along with BCB
for setting the instrument to "Line Closed".

(d) "Cancel" Button: Colour - Red. Code - Cancel. To be pushed along with BCB for
cancelling a 'Line Clear'. The action advances the number in the counter by one.

(e) "Panel Lamp" Button: Colour - Yellow, Code - Panel Lamp.(PL)

The indicators except - TOL & FREE are lit when BCB or PL button is pressed. This
is to be pressed when the condition of the instrument is to be verified. Using BCB for
this purpose alone will unnecessarily transmit a pulse on the line and call the other
Station Master. Lighting up of indicators, only when required, minimizes the drain on
the power source.

(f) "Shunting Key" Button: Colour - Blue. Code - 'SHK' To be pressed when it is
required to remove the key from the shunting EKT instrument which can be extracted
in line closed TGT. shunt key cannot be extracted from EKT in TCF condition.

(g) "Catch Slip Siding Control Key Button: Colour - Blue. Code SCK.

To be pressed to extract the key from EKT instrument. The key is used to operate. Slip
Or catch siding points.

Panel Indicators
(a) "Train Coming From" (Green): Indicates when lit that the instrument is in 'TCF'
condition i.e., it has granted 'Line Clear'.

(b) "Line Closed" (White): Indicates when lit that the section has been closed.

Page 61 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

INTRODUCTION TO PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

(c) "Train Going To" (Green): Indicates when lit that the instrument is in 'TGT' condition
i.e., it has obtained 'Line Clear'.

(d) "Last Stop Signal Indications": When lit, red indication means the last stop signal
is at ON and GREEN means that the signal is at OFF.

(e) "SNR" Indicator: This is an indication to the Station Master to verify if all the
relevant controls/levers etc. are normal.

All the above indications are lit only when the BCB or Panel Lamp Button
is pressed. They are normally off. except SNRK.

(f) "Train On Line" (Red): Indicates that the train has entered the Block Section on
'Line Clear'. Remains lit till the section is closed.

(g) "FREE" Indication (Green): Indicates that the prescribed time interval has lapsed
and the cancellation of 'Line Clear' can commence, when the train has not left the
station and 'Line Clear' has to be cancelled. Both the above indicators are lit on
establishment of their respective conditions without the requirement that the BCB or
Panel Lamp Button should have been pressed.

(h) Counter: This registers the number of times cancellation of 'Line Clear' has been
initiated on the instrument. When the cancel and BCB buttons are pressed, the
counter number jumps by one digit. The new number is required to be lodged and
explained by the Operator.

(i) Station Master's Key: Code - SMK. This is used by the Station Master to lock up
his instrument to prevent manipulation by any other person. When the instrument is
locked by the Station Master, it is not possible to set the instrument to TGT or initiate
'Line Closed' Code or send bell code, while it is still possible for the instrument to
transmit and receive TOL code, transmit TGT code, receive TCF code or 'Line
Closed' code, transmit 'Answer Back Line Closed Code, and receive Bell Code.
Thus, the 'Non-co-operative feature' is not destroyed by locking up of the instrument.
Communication between stations is still possible with the key OUT.

(j) Single stroke bell: This bell operates every time when bell code is received to call
the attention of the Station Master as per the bell code of signals.

(k) Buzzer: This sounds intermittently at the receiving station when TOL code is
received and continuously when the train arrives at the Station.

(l) Telephone: This is provided on the left side of the instrument. A push button on it
has to be pressed while speaking. This is electrically isolated from both local and
line circuits.

7.4. Features

7.4.1 This instrument consists basically of a set of push buttons and relay circuits, and
operates on DC impulse codes. By eliminating transistors and diodes from the line circuit, this
instrument can withstand high surge voltage accidentally encountered in the line.

7.4.2 The code employed in this system consists of three step polar impulses and first step of
operational code, is set at negative so that they can be separated from bell signal which
consists of a single positive pulse. Therefore, in receiving bell signal, only the polarized relay is
energized while other relays are de-energized.

IRISET Page 62
 FEATURES

7.4.3 To cancel "Train Going To" condition before the train enters the Block Section or to set
the block instruments to "Line Closed" when the train pushes back to the dispatching station,
buttons "Line Closed" and "Bell Code" must be operated at both stations concurrently.

7.4.4 Except "Train On Line" code, all codes are transmitted only when button "Line Closed"
or "Train Going To" is pressed with button "BCB" at the transmitting station.

7.4.5 No error can result in received code by improper operation of keys or switches while a
code is being received.

7.4.6 The "Train On Line" bell operates intermittently only at the receiving station until the
acknowledgement operation is made by the train receiving station.

7.4.7 When "Train Going To" condition is cancelled before the train leaves the station, or
when "Train Going To" is to be cancelled when the train is pushed back to the station, the same
button "CANCEL" is used in conjunction with BCB Button.

7.4.8 The "Train On Line" code is suppressed by the sending station keeping the "TGB
Button" pressed. Then, it is possible to transmit "Bell" signals by pressing the "BCB button".

7.4.9 All relays as well as signal control relays are contained in the relays cabinet, therefore,
no other relay rack is required.

7.4.10 Circuit is so designed as to minimize power consumption.

7.5 Sources of power

All the relays are housed inside the relay cabinet. Wiring is colour coded for easy
identification. Space is provided inside the cabinet, to accommodate extra relays at a future
date.

Removing the front and back doors respectively can conveniently make inspection of
relays and wiring. It is worthwhile to look into the placement of sources of power.

The sources may be float charged secondary cells where electricity is available or
primary cells elsewhere for local battery to power the internal circuits of the instrument and for
location battery to energies external circuits. For line circuit, dry cells may suffice. There is also
a battery for telephone.

Thus, there are 4 sources of power and so, the relays may be grouped according to the
source that powers them.

7.5.1 Relays energized from location battery

EXTERNAL CIRCUIT RELAYS: This circuit is used to ensure and achieve the highest safety in
train working. Hence, monitoring of the Field conditions such as i) Normal position of Reception
and Dispatch Signals and their controls. ii) Entry/occupation of Block section by a train and iii)
Clearing of Block section by a train through the Inst. Are incorporated in this circuit by using
field/external battery source. In case of panel interlocked/RRI stations, field/external battery can
be dispensed and Relay Room battery supply can be used for this circuit.

This relays used in this circuit are

(a) SNR
(b) ASTR and
(c) TAR
Page 63 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE
INTRODUCTION TO PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

SNR-SIGNAL NORMAL RELAY: This relay proves the normal position of all the signals and
their control levers/knobs pertaining to that block section. It picks up by pressing BCB along with
TGB/LCB buttons or automatically on receipt of all 2nd functional pulse except on TOL code and
drops at the end of 3rd pulse. However, if the Instrument is set to TGT, it drops only on releasing
LSS control. Picking up of this relay indirectly proves that shunt key and slip siding/catch siding
keys are IN Position. Normal position of first vehicle and Last vehicle tracks etc. are also
proved in this relay circuit. For all functions except TOL and Bell transmission this relay working
is a must. Though feed to this relay from the external circuit is available, it does not pick up due
to No drain circuit feature. However, SNR indication is available.

TAR-TRAIN ARRIVAL RELAY

It is a magnetic latch relay and used for registering the arrival of a train on line clear. It
picks up through the external/selection battery while receiving a train on signals with Instrument
in TCF-TOL/TGT-TOL condition and de-latches to normal through local battery once the
instrument assumes to line closed position. (i.e. only on receipt of line closed code).

ASTR-ADVANCED STARTER TRACK RELAY

It is a repeater for the First Vehicle Track relay and can pick up whenever the TGB is
pressed and sticks once TGT is established. It drops once FVT is actuated. Dropping of this
relay in TGT position initiates transmission of automatic TOL code along with TOL indication. It
also picks up and sticks while initiating push back cancellation. Non energization of this relay
will not permit the Instrument to change to TGT even on receipt of Answer back TGT code.

7.5.2 Relays energized from Line Battery

(a) CRR - Code Receiving Relay. Type EKD-B. or QB3 as CRR (N)/CRR (R)

(b) TCKR - Transmission of code checking relay. Type NV1 AB

The polarized relay CRR in the other instrument and TCKR in this instrument come
under this category. The line battery in transmitting instrument energizes the TCKR in its own
instruments and CRR at the other end, when the code is transmitted.

The instrument has a coding circuit as its core. This circuit progresses step by step (i)
while the instrument is transmitting to generate pulse one by one and (ii) while the instrument is
receiving to receive pulses one by one, store use them and terminate each thereafter. When a
pulse is terminated by the coding circuit at the receiving end, the one at the transmitting end
steps up by one to generate the next pulse, if any or normalizes only to reactivate, if necessary
to revert to the role of receiving.

CRR is a QB3 or polarized relay that receives the pulses from line and picks up to the
Normal or Reverse direction depending upon the potential on one line wire with respect to the
other. Its N and R contacts close accordingly.

TCKR picks up while the instrument is transmitting. TCKR thus checks the code
transmission, TCKR at transmitting and CRR relay at receiving end are in series through the line
with the line battery at the transmitting end. Back contacts of another relay called RCKR at
receiving end is also in this circuit.

When a pulse has been received by the CRR, it reacts on the coding circuit, RCKR picks
up after the storing or fulfillment of the purpose and opens its back contacts. This action opens
the series circuit of TCKR at the other end, CRR at this end. This marks the termination of a
pulse. Thus, the generation and transmission of a pulse is done at the transmitting end while the
termination of a pulse are ordered by the circuit at the receiving end.

IRISET Page 64
 RELAY ENERGIZED FROM LOCAL BATTERY

The picking up and dropping of CRR and TCKR at their respective ends energize and
de-energize another relay called LR, which in turn activates the coding circuit.

The coding circuits at both ends are firmly bonded together each monitoring the regular
functioning of the other at each stage, by employing time lags of certain relays. Any irregular
functioning of one of the coding circuits will reset all the relays of both the coding circuits and
restart the transmission of code afresh. This process will go on till the circuits function correctly
or till the attempt to transmit the code (e.g.) pressing of button is withdrawn.

When bell code is transmitted, the line battery is taken through a resistor of resistance
equal to that of TCKR and not, through the coil of TCKR. Hence, it does not pick up. So, the
coding circuit does not operate.

When the bell code is received, CRR operates to 'N' but LPR not being up, LR does not
energize while the single stroke bell gets feed and strikes once. If a positive pulse is received
as part of a code, LPR would have been up and hence, LR will pick up while the bell is isolated.
Thus, the coding circuit does not operate for bell code. This prevents transmission of an
apparently genuine code by skilful manipulation of BCB.

7.5.3 Relay energized from local battery

RCKR - Code reception checking relay – This senses the progress of the coding circuit at the
receiving end and terminates the pulse that is being received by opening the line circuit. (Please
see under 'CRR' and 'TCKR'). This relay prepares the instrument for automatic answer back.

RDR - Receiving delivery relay –This stores the first pulse of any code when it is negative and
remains energized till code reception is complete and relay 3CR de-energizes.

CTR - Code Transmitting relay –This relay by its state of energization or de-energisation
decides whether the instrument is transmitting or receiving respectively. Its front contacts
connect the line battery to line while its back contacts connect CRR(N) / CRR(R) to line. There
is a time delay circuit which checks the duration of a pulse on line. If due to any trouble at the
receiving end, the coding circuit functions irregularly, CTR de-energized, resets all relays and
re-initiates the code afresh.

Picking up of this relay proves that all the required conditions for transmission of a code
are available (i.e.)

(a) All reception and dispatch signals and their control levers/slides/knobs pertaining to
an instrument are normal.
(b) No shunting is being carried out in the face of a train and
(c) SM is keeping the required buttons i.e. BCB along with TGB or LCB in the pressed
conditions with the SM switch is in normal.
(d) The conditions are favourable for answering back.

CTPR - Repeater of CTR. This repeats the CTR while the instrument is transmitting code, but
remains energized till the complete answer back code is received. A time delay circuit
measures the time taken by the other instrument to answer back. If the instrument does not
respond within a definite time, CTPR releases, resets all relays and code transmission is
initiated all over again.

LCCPR - Line Closed Code Reception Relay This picks up when 'Line Closed' code is received
from line. When picked up this enables the TGTR or TCFR to release and switches on CTR for
answer back when necessary. This allows line closed code transmission as an automatic reply
code only when the enquiry code is line closed code and not otherwise.

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PTR & NTR - Positive & Negative Transmitting Relay .These relays switch on positive and
negative pulse on line by connecting the line battery to line appropriately. Stick feed to these
over TCKR front contact ensures the presence of pulse on line till the line circuit is opened.
These relays are used respectively to connect positive/negative of the line battery on line at the
transmitting instrument. Only one relay can pick up at a time and this depends on the condition
of the coding relays 1CR, 2CR, 3CR and the Instrument Position deciding relays TCFR and
TGTR provided the relay CTR is in energized conditions. Once TCKR is picked up the relay
PTR/NTR sticks through its front contact to ensure the presence of a pulse on line till the line
circuit is opened either by the receiving instrument or by the transmitting instrument itself by
dropping of the relay CTR. The 2nd case takes place only if the receiving Instrument fails to
open the line circuit at the end of a pulse.

LR - Coding Relay .This is the relay that is reacted on first by CRR(R) or TCKR while the
instrument is receiving or transmitting respectively. By picking up and dropping alternately as
required it activates progresses and terminates the functioning of the coding circuit. So, the
feeding circuits to this relay consists of two branches, one with TCKR and PTR/NTR contacts
and the other CRR(R), CRR(N) contacts.

LPR - Repeater of LR .This repeats LR, but with a difference. This sustains itself even during
the release period of LR by means of a time delay circuit to monitor the duration of space
period. If the appearance of the next pulse on line or closing of the line circuit after formation of
pulse is delayed due to irregular functioning of circuits, LPR releases to reset all coding relays,
even if the code progress is halfway. This relay virtually by its state indicates the activity or
otherwise of the coding circuit. During reception of an isolated positive pulse not as part of a
regular code, its back contact connects the battery to the bell, while during reception of a
regular code its front contact connects it to LR.

1CR, 2CR, & 3CR - Coding Relays These relays pick up and drop in a pre-determined manner
to progress coding. The energisation or otherwise of these mark the various stages of coding.
As said earlier, commencement of a pulse is decided by the transmitting coding circuit and the
termination by the receiving coding circuit.

Among there relays 1 CR is having two branches circuits one with TCKR and other with
RDR respectively effective during transmission and reception of code. Zener diode is provided
across the condenser of 3CR relay to have a constant time delay irrespective of the voltage
variation.

The following table shows the various stages being marked:

Condition of the relay at transmitting and receiving end

1CR 2CR 3CR

1st ON Up DN DN
1st OFF Up Up DN
2nd ON Up Up UP
2nd OFF Up DN UP
3rd ON DN DN UP
3rd OFF DN DN DN
Energized UP - -
De-energized DN - -

The time delay circuits of 1CR and 3CR and the short time delay circuit of 2CR provide for
varied durations of pulses and pauses.

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 RELAY ENERGIZED FROM LOCAL BATTERY

P2R & N2R - Second positive and second negative pulse receiving relays. These store the
polarity of the second pulse of a code that is received. Front contacts of these are used in the
circuit of the final relay.

TOLTR - TOL code transmitting relay. At the sending station, this relay picks up when the ASTR
and ASR2 drop successively due to the train occupying the FVT while entering the block
section. Consequently, CTR picks up to transmit TOL code. At the receiving station, this picks
up in response to TOL code received from line. The buzzer sounds intermittently, when the
Station Master acknowledges the TOL code by pressing BCB to transmit a bell code, the
TOLAR at the sending station drops and causes TOLTR to drop to STOP the transmission of
TOL Code.

TOLAR - TOL Acknowledgement Relay. In the Tokenless system of working, a train entering a
block section on 'Line Clear' initiates its own protection arrangement. This relay comes into play
from the time 'Line Clear' is obtained till the receiving station acknowledges the TOL code.

At the sending station, this picks up during reception of the second pulse of TGT code
and releases when receiving Station Master transmits a positive pulse while acknowledging
TOL code. At the receiving station, this picks up during reception of second pulse of TCF code
and releases when the second pulse of the TOL code is received.

PCR - Pole Changing Relay. All operative codes begin with a negative pulse. Positive and
Negative pulse are interchanged in TGT and TCF codes. To reset these conditions, 'Line
Closed' code with positive alone as second and third pulse is employed. This relay generates
these pulses. It picks up at the end that initiates 'Line Closed' operation.

TGTR - Train Going To Relay. Type - QL1. This is a magnetic latch relay, latching its armature
in the operated position only. The relay has two coils (i) Operating and (ii) Releasing. When the
operating coil is energized, the back contacts break and front contacts make. Once operated
thus, the armature is latched in that position. Thus, the front contacts are made till the release
coil is fed with current in the appropriate direction. The back contacts are designated as
'Normal' while the front 'Reverse' contacts. This picks up on successful reception of TGT code
and releases when 'Line Closed' code is received. Its reverse contacts are proved in the last
stop signal control circuits.

TCFR - Train Coming From Relay Type - QL1. This is also a latch relay like TGTR. It picks up
when TCF code is received and releases on reception of 'Line Closed' Code.

TGTPR & TCFPR - Repeaters of reverse conditions of TGTR & TCFR respectively.

TER - Time Element Relay. Before 'Line Clear' is cancelled when the train has not left the
station, a time interval of the order of 2 minutes is required to elapse. To achieve this an
Electronic Timer is used

CAR - Cancellation Relay. This picks up for cancellation of 'Line Clear' when the BCB and
cancel buttons are pressed. This pushes the counter by one digit.

ASCR - Advanced Starter Control Relay . This relay proves that conditions for dispatching a
train on 'Line Clear' are fulfilled and that TOL condition can be established subsequently when
the train passes the last stop signal, before the signal can be cleared. Also, it drops and locks
the signal when cancellation is initiated. Front contacts of this are inserted in the signal control
circuits.

SHKR - Shunt Key Checking Relay. This relay can pick up only when the key is in the
transmitter and locked. Picking of this relay is a pre-requisite for activation of CTR, TCFR and
TGTR Relays

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SCKR – Slip Catch Siding Control Key Checking Relay. Low voltage monitoring relay.
Connected to the key transmitter of slip catch siding control where necessary. This can pick up
only when the key is inside the transmitter and locked. This is also used as a Low Voltage
Monitoring Relay. By means of setting of a Rheostat this relay is adjusted to pick up only when
the local battery voltage is not less than 24 V and to drop when supply voltage on load falls to
21.0 V. While replacing this relay, the Rheostat shall be checked and readjusted, if necessary,
and sealed to obtain the rated values.

7.5.4 The 3.0 V source is for the telephone

Units of condensers, resistors, etc.

The condensers and resistors required in the time delay circuits of various relays are
conveniently integrated into a plug-in base, which goes into a jack board. Connections are
made to the terminals on the jack board.

This type of construction allows spares to be kept ready for quick replacements at site in
the event of a failure without affecting train services.

7.6 Details of the Circuits: The drawing attached shows the circuit diagram of the push
button tokenless block instrument for single line (Southern Railway Type):
(Circuit: STS-S.1082/94).

7.6.1 Transmission and reception of bell signals

As "Bell Code" Button is pressed at Station 'A' positive polarity of the Line Battery is
connected to L1 and -ve polarity to L2 through BCBR (F) contact.

At Station 'B' the relay CRR is operated to Normal Side. Consequently, the single stroke
bell is actuated in the local circuit by local battery. (See circuit diagram No.8.3 and 8.2).

7.6.2 To send a train from Station 'A' to Station 'B'

[Link] Transmission of Train Coming From Code:

The sequence of relay operation for this code is as follows.

Station 'A' presses 'TGB' & 'BCB' buttons. The relays BCBR, TGBR, ASTR, SHKR,
SCKR & SNR picks up one by one provided their controlling conditions are satisfied. The relay
CTR is now energized which in turn energizes the relay NTR. (See circuit diagrams 8.1, 8.4,
8.5, 8.6, 8.7 and 8.8).

Consequently, the -ve polarity of the line battery is connected to L1 and the +ve polarity
of the line battery to L2.

At Station 'B' the relay CRR (R) is energized receiving the negative first impulse. When
relays TCKR and NTR are picked up at Station 'A' relays LR, LPR and ICR are picked up and
relays LPR and 1CR remain up by stick circuits. (See Circuit Diagrams 8.9, 8.10, 8.11 and
8.12).

With the picking up of relay TCKR, relay NTR, which has already been picked up, gets
its stick feed. And also with the picking up of relay 1CR relay CTPR picks up (see circuit
diagram 8.13).

When relay CTPR is picked up, the circuit through first coil of relay CTR is opened, but
relay CTR remains energized for sometime, due to its slow releasing character. The second
coil of relay CTR becomes energized during the pause period which follows the first impulse
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 DETAILS OF THE CIRCUITS

through the back contact of TCKR and LR. And also the condenser connected across the 2nd
coil is charged to keep the relay CTR in picked up condition by its discharge current during 2nd
and 3rd impulses since TCKR and LR will remain pick up during 2nd and 3rd impulses.
Consequently, relay CTR remains up throughout for the transmission of code. Relay CTPR is
picked up through 1CR and remains up during the periods of transmission and reception of
codes by its stick circuits and also due to its slow release characteristics.

In the meantime with the operation of relay CRR(R) to reverse side at Station B relay
RDR is picked up and remains up over its stick circuit until the reception of 'Train Coming From'
Code is completed. Further, relays LR and LPR are successively picked up and as a
consequence relay 1CR is also picked up and sticks and further relay RCKR is picked up
through 1CR front contact. [See the Circuit Diagram No.8.15.]

When relay RCKR is picked up the line circuit is opened by RCKR back contacts and the
transmission of first negative impulse from Station 'A' to 'B’ is stopped.

Accordingly, relays TCKR at Station A and CRR(R) at Station 'B' are simultaneously
released, with the release of relay TCKR, relays NTR and LR are released successively at
Station’ ‘B and with the release of relay CRR(R), relay LR drops at Station B, but relay LPR (at
both stations) does not drop in 'OFF' period due to its time delay characteristics. It is to be
noted that the relay LPR remains energized throughout transmission and reception of a code.

Relay 1CR remains energized due to the stick circuit through LR back contact. The
relay 2CR at both the stations is now picked up by completing the circuit through the LR back
contact and 1CR front contact. The relay ICR now forms its stick circuit through 2CR front
contact. (See circuit diagram No. 8.16.)

Consequently, relay PTR is energized at Station A (See Circuit Diagram No.8.20).

Picking up of 2CR at Station 'B' causes release of RCKR thus the receiving circuit is kept
ready for receiving the next impulse. The line circuit of 2nd positive impulse is now closed and
TCKR at Station 'A' and CRR (N) at Station 'B' are picked up. (See circuit diagram 8.9).

Energizing TCKR at Station 'A' causes LR to pick up which in turn energizes 3CR. The
relay 3CR in turn energizes the relay CTPR (See circuit diagram No.8.13).

At Station 'B' picking up CRR (N) causes LR and P2R to pick up and LR in turn
energizes 3CR. P2R, the second positive impulse register relay, once picked up gets a stick
feed through 1CR front contact when P2R is energized. In the meantime relays TOLAR, SHKR,
SCKR, SNR are also picked up and remains so till the transmission of answer back code is
completed. Relay TOLAR remains up by a stick path controlled by N2R back contact. (See
circuit diagram No. 8.22).

On energisation of 3CR the circuit for RCKR is completed at station B and this causes
opening of the line circuits and transmission of second impulse is terminated. (see circuit
diagram No 8.15).

As soon as relay RCKR is picked up at Station 'B' relays TCKR at Station 'A' and
CRR(R) at Station 'B' are simultaneously released. Consequently, relays PTR and LR at
Station 'A' and LR at Station 'B' are released. Releasing of LR causes 2CR to drop at both the
stations. Dropping of 2CR at Station 'B' de-energizes RCKR relay and thus the receiving circuit
is again kept ready for receiving the 3rd impulse. At Station 'A' dropping of 2CR completes the
circuit of NTR over the front contact of TGBR button relay for sending 3rd negative impulse.

Since the line circuit is closed at both Stations 'A' and 'B' relays TCKR and LR at Station
'A' are again picked up and relay 1CR is released as a result of opening of its stick circuit by LR
back contact. At Station 'B' relay CRR(R) is now operated receiving the third negative impulse.

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With the operation of CRR(R) relay, magnetic stick relay TCFR is operated and magnetically
held in reverse position and the relay TCFPR is picked up. Relay TCFR maintains the TCF
condition of the instrument. (See circuit diagrams 8.18 and 8.27).

By the actuation of relay TCFR, line closed indication circuit is operated to disappear
and TCF indication circuit is made to give the TCF indication when the panel lamp button is
pressed. (See circuit diagram 8.32)
When relay LR is picked up for the third impulse relay 1CR is released since its stick
circuit through LR back contact is opened. Consequently, P2R is released and RCKR is picked
up, opening the line circuit and the third negative impulse is terminated.

Consequently, relays TCKR, NTR, LR & LPR are released successively at Station 'A'.
Release of relay LPR further causes CTR and 3CR to release.

However, the relay CTPR do not drop due to their slow to release arrangement, and
before the release time is over, these relays get their feed through 1CR, LPR and 3 CR front
contacts, when the first impulse of answer back code is being received and then subsequently
maintained by stick feed with the result CTPR are kept energised through the answer back code
reception, so that the front contacts of CTPR - bypasses the normal contacts of BCB in line
circuit, hence, even if buttons TGB and BCB are in pressed condition, the incoming circuit for
relay CRR(R) is completed to receive answer back TGT code from 'B'. In the meantime
incidentally RCKR also gets momentarily energised and then drops.

[Link] Transmission of 'Answer Back' TGT Code: -

At Station 'B' the circuit should be prepared for sending the TGT code, which is
accomplished and explained below: -

RCKR, which is energized with 3CR up for terminating the third impulse also does an
additional function of causing the energisation of CTR relay, when 3CR drops. (See circuit
diagram No 8.7).

Dropping of 3CR disconnects the feed to RCKR, but the relay still remains energized on
account of its slow release characteristic. With RCKR and CTR up the answer back auxiliary
relay ABCXR now picks up and maintained by a stick feed through its contact.

When RCKR drops after its release time lag, NTR picks up as CTR is already up, for
sending the first negative impulse. It may be noted here that CTR does not drop with dropping
of RCKR since (see circuit diagram No 8.8) the holding path of CTR will keep the relay CTR
energized through out, for the transmission of code.

In the meantime, relay RCKR at Station 'A' which had picked up momentarily over 1 CR
drop and 3CR up contact, is released, the receiving circuit for code is also completed and the
first negative pulse of "Train Going To" code is transmitted from Station 'B' to Station 'A'. (see
circuit diagram No 8.9)

As the first negative pulse current flows, relays TCKR at Station 'B' and CRR(R) at
Station 'A' pick up. This causes operation of LR, LPR, 1CR and CTPR at Station 'B' and RDR,
LR, LPR, 1CR and finally RCKR at Station 'A'. The circuits for the above are similar to the
circuits shown for sending "Is Line Clear" (TCF) code earlier.

In this condition, as relay RCKR is picked up at Station 'A' the line circuit is opened. As a
result, relays TCKR at Station 'B' and CRR(R) at Station 'A' are released at the same time. At
Station 'B' by the release of relay TCKR, relays NTR and LR are released and relay 2CR is
picked up. With relay 2CR picked up relay NTR is again picked up, closing the line circuit at
sending end. (See the circuit diagram No 8.8).

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 DETAILS OF THE CIRCUITS

On the other hand, at Station 'A' by the release of relay CRR(R) Relay LR is released,
Relay 2 CR is picked up and relay RCKR is released successively closing the line circuit at
receiving end. (See the circuit diagram No 8.9).

Therefore, the negative second pulse is again fed to the line circuit, relay TCKR at
Station 'B' is picked up again and relay CRR(R) of Station 'A' is also operated. As relay TCKR
is picked up at Station 'B' relay LR is again picked up, and successively relay 3CR is picked up.
At Station 'A' as relay CRR(R) is operated relay N2R is picked up, relay TOLAR is picked up
over the circuit including N2R front contact and simultaneously relays LR and 3 CR are picked
up (See the circuit diagram No 8.22).

By the pick up of relay 3CR, relay RCKR is picked up again causing line circuit to open.
Then, relays TCKR at Station 'B' and CRR(R) at Station 'A', are released simultaneously.

As relay 2CR releases, relay PTR is picked up at station ‘B’. In the meantime, at
Station 'A' by the release of relay CRR(R), relay LR, 2CR and RCKR are released successively.
(See circuit diagram No 8.20).

As a result, the line circuit is closed, at both ends and the third positive pulse current
flows. Then, relay TCKR at Station 'B' is again picked up, and relay CRR (N) at Station 'A' is
now operated to Normal side. As relay TCKR is picked up, relay LR is picked up and relay 1CR
is released at Station 'B'. At Station 'A' because relay CRR (N) is operated CRR (N) relays
ASR1 and ASR2 are picked up and consequently relay TGTR is operated to reverse side and
then relay TGTPR is picked up through TGTR reverse contact. With relay TGTR operated to
reverse side. "Line Closed" indication disappears and "Train Going To" indication appears on
panel (See the circuit diagram No 8.32).

Furthermore, after operation of relay CRR(N) , relay LR is picked up and relays 1CR and
N2R are released. By the releases of relay N2R, relay RCKR is picked up at Station 'A'
interrupting the code current. Therefore, relays TCKR at Station 'B' and CRR (N) at Station 'A'
are dropped, and relays CRR(N), LR, LPR and 3CR are successively dropped. Consequently
relays RCKR, CTPR, CTPPR and RDR are also dropped finally at Station 'A'. At Station 'B' all
relays concerned to coding action are also restored to normal position successively, by the
release of relay TCKR. However, SNR at Station 'A' remains in picked up condition even after
the buttons are released and will drop only when the concerned slide is pulled.

Thus, a series of relay operation for setting the block instrument to "Train Coming From"
and "Train Going To" conditions are completed. After "Train Going To" indication is turned ON,
the push buttons BCB and TGB kept pressed so long at Station 'A' are released. After "Train
Going To" indication has tuned on, concerned Station Master's slide is operated to reverse.
Then relay SNR is dropped which will cause ASCR relay to pick up. With ASCR up the last stop
signal can now be cleared. (See the circuit diagram No 8.25).

[Link] Transmission of "Train On Line" code and its acknowledgement.

The sequence of relay operations for this code is shown.

When a train leaving Station 'A' enters the block section, it occupies LSS track relay
contacts of advance starter signal are opened for a short period of time. Then relays ASTR is
released and relay ASR is also released. Relays ASTR, ASR remain dropped since their stick
circuit is cut off.

At the same time, with relay ASTR de-energized, relay ASCR is also de-energized and
thereafter remains released by the released condition of relay ASR1 and ASR2.

Dropping of ASCR causes - last stop signal to return automatically to ON position as the
reverser feed is cut off.

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Dropping of ASR causes - 1) TOL indication to appear (See circuit diagram No 8.34.)

2) TOLTR to pick up. (See circuit diagram No 8.33.)

TOL indication will remain lit till the instrument is normalized. Picking up of TOLTR relay
now causes energisation of CTR relay for initiating the automatic TOL code transmission. All
the three pulses in this case are of -ve polarity (see circuit diagram No 8.7).

Picking up of CTR at Station 'A' causes relay NTR to pick up over the previously traced
circuit for the transmission of first pulse which is always -ve. With both relays CTR and NTR
picked up, the first negative pulse current flows, the relay TCKR is picked up. By the pick up of
relay TCKR, relays, LR, LPR and 1CR are successively picked up over the previously traced
circuit. In addition as relay 1CR is picked up, relay CTPR is picked up and remains up over its
stick circuit.

At Station 'B' relay CRR(R) is operated concurrently with pick up of relay TCKR.
Accordingly relays RDR, LR, LPR, ICR and RCKR are successively picked up. (See circuit
diagram No 8.9).

With relay RCKR picked up at Station 'B' the line circuit is opened and relays TCKR at
Station 'A' and CRR(R) at Station 'B' are de-energised simultaneously. As previously described,
relays NTR and LR are released by the release of relay TCKR. Relay 2CR is picked up and
relay NTR is picked up at Station A. With relay NTR picked up, a second negative pulse is
transmitted. In this condition, the sequence of relay operation during the second pulse is similar
to that previously described. At Station 'B' during reception of the second negative pulse, relay
N2R is picked up, and thereby relay TOLAR which has been picked up earlier is de-energised.
"Train on Line" indicator is now lit. (See circuit diagram No 8.8, 8.9 and 8.34)

When the transmission of the second pulse has been completed, the relay NTR is
picked up again and the third negative pulse is transmitted to Station 'B'. With relay CRR(R)
operated to the reverse side, Relay TOLTR is picked up at Station 'B'. When relay TOLTR is
picked up once, it remains up by the stick feed, until relay RCKR is released afterwards. (See
circuit diagram No 8.8, 8.9 and 8.28).

At the same time, when relay CRR(R) is operated for the third time on receiving TOL
code "Train on Line" bell rings giving the audible warning of train entering section.

The bell rings intermittently as described below:-

In case of "Train On Line" code, no answer back code is transmitted when reception of
"Train on Line" code is received.

Relays concerned to coding action at both stations are released successively. Finally,
with relay CTPR released, relay CTR is again picked up because relay TOLTR remains up at
Station A. Then transmission of "Train On Line" code is reinitiated and completed in the same
manner mentioned above. Transmission of "Train On Line Code" is thus repeated and relay
TOLTR at Station 'B' picks up intermittently and causes bell to ring intermittently till the
acknowledgement is done by Station 'B'.

Acknowledgement operation is made by pressing the button, "BCB". During the space
period of the third pulse, when relay RCKR at both stations are released and relay CTPR at
Station 'A' still up, "Bell" code current flows to operate relay CRR (N) at Station 'A'. With relay
CRR (N) operated TOLAR circuit for energisation of its 2nd coil is completed. Since the
direction of current in the 2nd coil is opposite to that of the first coil, flux produced by 2nd coil
will neutralize the effect of the flux of the 1st coil resulting in the relay getting released.
Inclusion of its own front contact in both the coil circuits prevents the possibility of the relay

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 DETAILS OF THE CIRCUITS

getting picked up again after its release. With relay TOLAR released, relay TOLTR is also
released by front contact of TOLAR and transmission on "Train On Line" code is terminated. As
a result, at Station 'B' relay TOLTR remains released, and the TOL bell is stopped.
(See circuit diagrams No 8.9 and 8.22).

As mentioned above, when the transmission of "Train on Line" code has been
completed, relays TOLAR and TOLTR get released. However, "Train On Line" indicators at
both stations remain lit.

When the train approaches Station 'B' the Home Signal is taken off. The movement of
the train, within the Home Signal will operate, the track circuits provided for the detection of train
arrival, and will cause TAR relay to pick up. TAR relay once operated gets a stick feed
controlled by TCFR and causes the train arrival bell to ring and also causes picking up of PCR
relay. The train arrival bell stops ringing when the Station Master puts back his slide of Home
Signal lever to Normal. (See Circuit Diagram No 8.29 and 8.30).

[Link] Transmission and reception of "Line Closed" codes

Transmission of Line Closed Code: After verifying the complete arrival of the train, the
Station Master's at 'B' now presses BCB and LCB buttons simultaneously for transmitting the
line closed code.

CTR relay now energizes by the circuit given below. With the picking up of relay CTR,
"Line Closed" code is transmitted from Station 'B' to Station 'A'. This code consist of negative,
positive and positive pulses allotted to the first, second and third steps. When "Line Closed"
code is received at Station 'A' the block instrument is restored to Normal. As a result, an
answering "Line Closed" code is transmitted back to Station 'B' and the block instrument at
Station 'B' is restored to Normal. At this time, the answering code is also similar to the above-
mentioned code. (See circuit diagram No 8.32, 8.7 and 8.9)

The sequence and circuits for transmission and reception of codes between both
stations in case of "Line Closed" code are almost similar to those as described previously in
'TCF' and 'TGT' conditions.

As the first pulse is always negative, the sequence of relay operation is the same as in
the other cases. In this case second and third impulses transmitted are positive by energizing
PTR through the front contact of PCR relay at Station 'B'.

At Station 'A' on receiving the positive second pulse, relay P2R is picked up. (See circuit
diagram 8.21).

Operation of CRR(N) relay on receipt of 3rd impulse, complete the circuit of the relay
LCCPR, the final impulse register relay of Lined Closed Code. (See the circuit diagrams No 8.24
and 8.9).

Where LCCPR is picked up proving the receipt of Line Closed Code, the circuit for
normalizing the TGTR relay, which has so far been held magnetically, is completed. Operation
of TGTR to Normal side, will cause the TOL indication to disappear. TGTPR relay to drop, and
the instrument at 'A' now comes to Line Closed condition. (See the circuit diagram No 8.25).

[Link] Transmission of answer back line closed code

At Station 'A' when RCKR relay picks up at the end of the 3rd on period, it causes CTR
to pick up after the relays CRR(N), LR, LPR and 3CR have been released. It may be noted that
the LCCPR which was energized earlier is still kept energized by the stick circuits available.

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On RCKR relay dropping, NTR picks up for sending the first negative impulse the circuit
of which is same as given earlier for the first impulse of other codes.

The answering "Line Closed" code is the same as initial "Line Closed" code, and
consists of negative, positive and positive pulses. Accordingly, the operations of relays during
the first and the second pulses are similar to those initial "Line Closed" Code. Consequently
relay P2R is picked up and remains up due to the ON period of the 3rd positive pulse at Station
'B'. The circuit for the relay PTR at Station 'A' for the 2nd positive impulse transmission is same
as that of second impulse of TCF code. (See the circuit diagrams No.8.9 and 8.20.).When the
third positive pulse is received, relay CRR (N) is operated and the relay LCCPR is energized to
register the receipt of the Line Closed Codes. Subsequently relay TCFR is returned to Normal
position as shown in the circuit given. (See the circuit diagram No 8.18.).
By the restoration of relay TCFR, relay TCFPR is dropped, "TCF" indication is turned off, and
"Line Closed" indication lights on (See the circuit diagram 8.32).

Furthermore, by the release of relay TCFR & TCFPR relays PCR and TAR are released
and 'TOLK' indication is extinguished.

When the reception of answering "Line Closed" code has been completed, all relays
concerned with coding action, are released at both stations.

Through the above explained series of operations, the block instrument and relays at
both Station 'A' and 'B' are now returned to the original "Line Closed" condition. At this condition
both buttons "Line Closed" and "Bell Code" are released at Station 'B'.

[Link] To cancel "Train Going To" condition before the train enters the Block Section.

Following explanation applies to the case when cancellation is made at Station 'A'.

As all concerned signals are returned to 'ON' aspect, relay SNR is picked up through the
front contact of relay ASR. In this condition, after SM's key is inserted and turned, buttons
"Cancel" and "BCB" are pressed concurrently and released. Then relays TER, and CAR are
energized, and remain stick fed as shown in the circuit diagram No 8.31 & 8.30

At this time, "Call Attention" code is transmitted to Station 'B'. Receiving this code,
Station 'B' inserts Station Master's key, turns, and further acknowledges intention to cancel
"Train Going To" condition on telephone. If the signals had been taken off, reception signals
and levers are replaced to Normal at Station 'B'. In the meantime, after a time delay of about 2
minutes relays TER & PCR are picked up and remaining up over stick circuit and another stick
circuit of relay CAR is held through holding path of relay CAR, as shown in the circuit diagram
No 8.31.

Relay PCR on energizing de-energizes the relay ASR and completes the circuit for
'FREE' indicator shown in the circuit diagram 8.31.

At this time, buttons "LCB" and "BCB" are operated concurrently at both Stations. At
Station 'A' relay CTR picks up causing "Cancellation" code to be transmitted to Station 'B'. The
cancellation codes are similar to "Line Closed" code and consist of negative, positive and
positive pulses.

Therefore, the condition in transmission and reception of "Cancellation" code are similar
to those of "Line Closed" Code.

At Station 'B' when the third positive pulse is received, during reception of "Cancellation"
code, relay CRR (N) is operated relay LCCPR is energized and relay TCFR is returned to
Normal . Consequently, the block instrument is set to the initial "Line Closed" condition. Seeing
the line closed indication appearing, the Station 'B' operator can release the buttons.

IRISET Page 74
 DETAILS OF THE CIRCUITS

After relay TCFR has been reset to Normal an answering "Cancellation" code is
transmitted back to Station 'A' automatically. The answering code is identical to initial
"Cancellation Code".

At Station 'A' when the third positive pulse is received during reception of answering
"Cancellation" code relay LCCPR is energized to register the Line Closed Code reception and
the relay TGTR is returned to Normal as given in the circuit below. Accordingly, the block
instrument at Station 'A' is also set to normal condition.

Through the series of operations mentioned above, the block instruments at both
stations are reset to the "Line Closed" condition at both Stations. At this condition, buttons
"LCB" and "BCB" are released at both stations.

[Link] To set the block instruments to "Line Closed" when the train pushes back to the
dispatching station.

The Home Signal is taken OFF for the pushing back train as in normal reception and the
relay TAR is picked up and remains up over its stick circuit. With relay TAR picked up, "Train
Arrival" bell rings. Home Signal lever or Station Master's slide controlling Home Signal is
returned to Normal, and the bell stops. After verifying the complete arrival of train, the buttons
"Cancel" and "BCB" are pressed and released. Relay CAR picks up and remains up through a
stick circuit, as shown in the circuit 8.31.

With relay CAR picked up, the counter registers the next higher number, and relay PCR
picks up over a front contact of CAR and sticks.

By the pickup of relays CAR and PCR the condition becomes similar to the case of
cancellation of "Train Going To" condition before the train enters the Block Section, excepting
that the relay PCR in this case picks up without a time delay. Then buttons "BCB" and "LCB"
are pressed at both stations concurrently. Relay CTR at Station 'A' is picked up and then
initiates to transmit "Cancellation" Code. According to the exchange of "Cancellation" code
between both stations, the block instruments at both stations are set to the original "Line
Closed" condition.

The block diagram explaining the principle of working during a code exchange is given in
Diagram No. 7.1.

[Link] In the latest version of the instrument the code receiving relay CRR (Kyosan Co., Japan
Make) is replaced by 2 biased relays of QB3 type as CRR (N) and CRR (R) respectively. In
addition to this three more relays namely BCBR(QN1), TGBR(NV1-AA) and LCBR(NV1-AA)
operated by push buttons, BCB, TGB and LCB respectively are also provided in the modified
instruments. These relays are used to substitute the push button contact. The modified
arrangement given in the circuit diagram is given in STS-S1082 / 94.

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INTRODUCTION TO PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

Fig : 7.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PRINCIPLE OF WORKING DURING A CODE
EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO CONNECTED INSTRUMENTS

***

IRISET Page 76
 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER – 8: ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON

INSTRUMENT
8.1 In this recently developed by Podanur workshop single line tokenless push button block
instrument NV type relays are not used. Without changing the size and shape ‘Q’ series relays
are used. Total 36 Nos. of relays provided with Button relays TGTBR, LCBR, BCBR one
electronic timer of 120 sec time lag, which is accommodated in ‘Q’ relay base.

In Recently manufactured instruments panel lamp button is eliminated, indications are lit
by LEDs. Depending upon the Block Section Condition and LSS aspect indication are available
on the block operating panel.

Shunt key can be extracted from RKT only in Line Closed and TGT + TOL Condition but
not in TGT & TCF Condition.

The ‘Q’ relays employed are

[Link]. Type Description Contacts Total Relays

1 QN1 Neutral Line Relay 8F-8B 28

2 QL1 Latch relays 8F-6B 4

3 QB3 Biased relays 4F-2B 3

4 ET Electronic Timer -- 1

5 Condenser units with ‘Q’ relay base 4

According to the supplier, in case of panel interlocked or RRI station external battery can
be dispensed and relay room battery supply can be used by taking the external battery supply
to location of Advance starter and Home signal. The relays energised by external supply are
SNR, ASTR, and TAR.

Reduction in relays compared to NV 40 relays and NV 36 relay instruments are:

4 relays eliminated in which P2 PR, ASR2 other relays CTPPR and ABCXR.

TOLAR and TAR in NV Type relay Block instrument Double coil relays are used. In the
‘Q’ relay type instrument Magnetic latch relays are used. Hence for releasing these relays
circuit differs from earlier relay circuit.

All relay functions are same as earlier versions except the following relays in ‘Q’ type.

ASR: Advanced starter Relay. (Earlier version ASR1 and ASR2)

The function of this relay is to monitor FVT track from the time of setting an instrument to
TGT and also to ensure positive display of TOL indication as well as transmission of auto TOL
code on occupation of FVT. Dropping of this relay on occupation of FVT displays TOL and
initiates transmission of TOL code. This relay picks up only on receipt of 3rd TGT code pulse
provided CTPR is up and the buttons BCB and TGB kept in pressed condition.

(a) CTPR up ensures timely reception of answer back TGT code

(b) BCBR and TGBR up ensures continuous pressing of these buttons – proving
intentional operation.

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ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Its front contacts are used in the TGTR latching circuit. Once dropped it will not pick up
unless the instrument receives a fresh TGT Reply code, which is possible only after setting the
instrument to line closed condition either by complete arrival of train at TCF end or cancelling
line clears at TGT end. This relay ensures one line clear one train.

TAR- Train Arrival Relay QL1 8F-6B

It is a magnetic latch relay and used for registering the arrival of a train on line clear. It
picks up through the external/selection battery while receiving a train on signals with Instrument
in TCF-TOL/TGT-TOL condition and de-latches to normal through local battery once the
instrument assumes to line closed position. (i.e. only on receipt of line closed code).

TOLAR : TOL Acknowledgement Relay QL1 8F-6B

It is a magnetic latch relay having two different functions

(a) To initiate automatic transmission of TOL code and to stop the same on receipt of its
acknowledgement in TGT instrument.

(b) To display TOL indication on receipt of TOL code. In TCF instrument. It picks up on
reception of 2nd pulse of TCF code at TCFR instrument and 2 nd pulse of TGT code in
TGT instrument. This relay de latches on reception of 2nd pulse of TOL code in TCF
instrument and on receipt of TOL acknowledgement in TGT instrument.

If the instrument does not change to TCF or TGT on receipt of the respective codes, it
assumes its normal position automatically at the end of 3rd pulse.

Introduction of its front contact in CTR circuit. Initiates transmission of answer back TGT
code. Its front contact in TOLTR circuit initiates transmission of TOL code.

8.2 POWER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT

The power supplies used for working this instrument Relays etc. are furnished below.

1. Telephone Circuit 3 V Battery

24 V Battery
2. Local Circuit 120 AH cells 13 nos. are preferable as minimum 24 V
on load is required for its reliable working.

Battery to supply minimum of 60 mA Line current.

3. Line circuit The battery voltage depends on Length of block
section and hence it varies from one section to other
section.

4. External circuit 24 V battery

This external circuit battery is generally provided at home or Adv. Starter location in
Mechanical signalling Yards and in case of power signalling. Relay room battery itself is used.

IRISET Page 78
 GUDELINES FOR INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE

8.3 GUDELINES FOR INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE

Note: Line Circuit with EARTH RETURN shall not be used:

Local Battery voltage at the Instrument terminals on load should not be below 24 Volts.
Secondary cells of sufficient capacity may be used, as the maximum working current per
Instrument is about 1.2 Amps.
The Local battery voltage on load should not exceed a maximum of 29 V as it may affect
the zener diode working.

The difference between the local battery voltages of the interconnected instruments on
load should be kept to a maximum of 4 volts. i.e. between 24 V & 29 V.

The line battery shall be capable of supplying a minimum current of 60 mA on line but
not more than 70 mA.

The Line current shall be measured both at the transmitting and receiving ends. There
shall not be appreciable variations.

Separate line battery should be provided for each instrument. Whenever the line battery
is changed the line current should be checked.

Wherever dual bank batteries are used for line circuit, the current should be measured
before and after every change over. This is to assess the level of charging required for the
discharged battery bank.

While installing these instruments, care shall be taken to ensure that the Relay plug
boards and the Relay contact springs are not damaged. (Keep the Relays parallel while
plugging/removing the Relays)

Maintain correct polarity while connecting HOOTER leads.

HMT cord should be connected to the respective terminals to ensure that no current is
drawn from the telephone battery when the HMT button is not pressed.

Whenever the instrument fails, interchanging of Relays and units shall not be resorted
to, without ascertaining the actual cause and this change may be effected only if it is warranted.

Relays and timer units shall not be left without the Relay retaining clip.

Whenever the resistance or condensers are replaced in the units correct values have to
be selected and soldered properly.

Oiling of TLB switch contacts shall be avoided.

During periodical maintenance/Inspection, the charger shall be switched ‘OFF’ and the
working of the Relays has to be observed for few operations. The terminal voltage should also
be monitored during the working in order to ensure the condition of the battery.

All Instruments should be paired with similar type only.

The entire latch Relays (QL1 Relays) should be in de-latched condition while
commissioning the equipment.

Ensure all the removable connectors are locked perfectly in the plug board.

Page 79 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

8.4 COMPARISON OF ‘Q’ RELAY INSTRUMENT WITH CODING RELAY

INSTRUMENT

Sl. Instrument with Instrument Reason/Adv. Of Q

Description
No coding Relay with Q Relay Relay Instrument
1 Total No. of relays Forty Thirty six only Saving of 4 relay
used
2 Types of relays used Both coding and Q Q series relay Uniformity and
series relays are only used increase the scope of
used relay interchangability

3 Available of spare Mostly not Mostly available No need to change a

contacts available relay in case of
contact failure

4 Availability of spare Not readily Mostly available Instrument failure

relays available as these in all stations as duration can be
relays are used Q relays are reduced
only in this used in all most
instrument all circuits

5 Current drain Approx. 1.8 A It is 1.2 A Saving of power

maximum
6 Change of jack boards It is very much It is quite easy Instrument failure
and wiring alterations difficult and and can be duration is minimised
at site requires only done by all staff
efficient and
experience staff

7 Reliability of relays Wide variation Mostly reliable Instrument failure can

worked be minimised
8 Fusing of contacts More possibility No possibility as Instrument failure can
except in external the contacts are be minimised
circuits because of metal to carbon
metal to metal
contacts
9 Manufacturing cost of More Less Economy and easy
the instrument production

IRISET Page 80
 CIRCUITRY COMPARISON

8.5 CIRCUITRY COMPARISON

Sl. INSTRUMENT WITH CODING INSTRUMENT WITH ‘Q’

REMARKS
No RELAY RELAYS
1 Both single and double winding Only vital relays are employed. Increases the
non-vital relays are employed. Regarding TCKR & CRR(QB3) scope of relay
Further the relays TCKR & CRR same type relay is used and interchangeability
are of different types and requires this reduces the risk in and minimise the
special care in Manufacturing of obtaining identical electrical failure.
TCKR in order to achieve identical characteristics
electrical characteristics for trouble
free working.

2 Premature appearance of TCF- It is totally eliminated in the Trouble shooting

TOL and other relay failures due to initial circuit design itself ref. is made easy.
low voltages is eliminated/ Bell circuit and CRR circuit.
minimized by carrying out the
suggested twelve alterations.

3 Premature suppression of TOL It is achieved by CTPR relay Saving of one

code transmission is prevented by itself relay
adding an additional relay CTPPR

4 Change of codes (1) from TCF to It is achieved by LCCPR itself Saving of relay
line closed by release of TGB by allowing it to drop only after
button & (2) line closed answer the completion of line closed
back code to TCF code by code transmission.
pressing TGB button during
answer back are prevented by
having additional relays ABCXR &
LCCPR.

5 Bimetallic thermal type relay is Electronic timer is employed Helps in

used for achieving cancellation maintaining
time constant time
irrespective of
temp & voltage
variations

6 Possibility of setting both It is not possible to set even More safe and
instrument to TGT immediately one Instrument as TGBR reliable in its
after setting the instruments to line circuit is modified and working.
closed condition (without setting including CTPR down contact
the other instrument to TCF) by in CRR circuit.
pressing BCB and TGB and
feeding TGT code externally is
prevented by picking up of CTPPR
only in one coil and using its front
contact in TGTR latch circuit.

Page 81 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

8.6 CIRCUITRY CHANGES AND THEIR REASONS

Sl.
Relay Circuit Contacts included Reasons
No
1 CTR Circuit LCCPR back contact To prevent transmission of TGT
code for a line closed enquiry code
during normal cancellation due to
non co-operation at the other end.

Addition front contact of CTR in To prevent discharge of CTR

its condenser circuit and SNR condenser through TGTR/TCFR
front contact in its negative limb coils and setting the instrument to
line closed condition without SNR.

2 CRR Circuit TOLTR front contact in parallel To close line circuit for receiving
with TGBR front contact TOL acknowledgement from other
station.

3 TOLAR Circuit 2CR front contact in latch coil To prevent picking up of TOLAR
circuit. at the end of the code-after the
instrument changes to line closed
condition.

3CR front contact & 1CR back To set this relay to its normal
contact in detach coil circuit. condition in the event of
TCFR/TGTR not picking up at the
end of their respective codes.

4 SHK coil circuit ASR back contact . To allow shunting only in TGT TOL
condition after setting the
instrument to TGT

5 BCBR, TGBR SM’s key in contact. To minimise number of SM’s

and LCBR circuit switch contact and to make its
manufacturing process easier.

6 SHKR circuit Front contacts of CTR TCFR To facilitate transmission of

and LCCPR in its stick circuit. answer back code with no drain
circuit arrangement.

Back contacts of CTPR and To ensure that these (last

LCCPR in its initial pickup dropping relays) relays are
circuit. assumed their normal position
prior to initiation of a line clear.

Condenser across its coil. To prevent momentary dropping

and picking up of this relay during
the process of answering back
code (in changeover pause period)
transmission.

TAR back contact. To prevent continuous buzzer

during line closed operation in
case its key in contact is offering
High Circuit Resistance

IRISET Page 82
 CIRCUITRY CHANGES AND THEIR REASONS

Sl.
Relay Circuit Contacts included Reasons
No
7 ASTR Circuit ASCR back contact To avoid proving of its back
contact in SNR circuit as it
prevents appearance of SNR (K)
on putting back LSS and its
controlling lever to normal (which
has been cleared for a train) for
normal cancellation or for other
reasons.
8 TOLTR circuit Front contacts of 1CR & RCKR To prevent TOLTR condenser
in parallel discharging through buzzer &
causes only short TOL buzzer.
9 LCCPR circuit Front contacts of LCCPR & To retain LCCPR in up condition
SHKR so as to complete the transmission
of line closed answer back code.
10 PCR, CAR and PCR B1 & B2 front contact To prevent timer feeding CAR in
timer circuit addition to PCR relay during
normal cancellation.
TAR B1 & B2 reverse contacts. To prevent PCR picking up during
push back cancellation.
Additional ASR D1 & D2 front To prevent PCR picking up during
contact in CAR relay circuit. push back cancellation.
TAR back contact C5 & C6 To prevent-ve connected to Timer
normal in timer circuit. output terminal A1 on arrival of a
train at train receiving end.
TOLAR 1 & 2 (R) contact in To allow timer circuit to work only
timer –ve limb for normal cancellation and to
prevent short circuiting of local
battery.
Condenser across PCR relay & To assist in PCR picking up during
ASR relay. normal cancellation as picking up
of PCR results in cutting of supply
to timer.
11 Free indication PCR front contact To prevent appearance of free
circuit indication immediately on carrying
out normal cancellation.
TGTR(R) contact in the –ve limb To prevent momentary free
of the free indication. indication along with line closed
indication on normal cancellation
due to PCR/CAR condenser.
12 1CR Circuit Additional 3CR back contact To prevent 2CR second time
picking up during third pulse
transmission.
13 Bell circuit Back contact of TGBR & TOLAR To prevent possibility of line
(suggested but front contact in parallel. battery coming in series with the
not introduced at other instruments local battery due
present.) to one reason or other during
answer back TGT code
transmission/reception.

Page 83 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

14 TGBR circuit CTPR back contact. To prevent setting of an instrument

to TGT by pressing BCB & TGB
buttons immediately after setting
the instrument to line closed
condition and at the same time
feeding TGT code from externally.
15 CTPR circuit 3CR front contact in initial To allow CTPR to pick up only
pickup circuit. after transmission of 2nd pulse to
save one relay CTPPR
16 ASR circuit Addition TGTR(R) D3 & D4 To prevent ASR & TGTR picking
contact up without SNR, BCBR and etc.
Addition 1CR front contact. To prevent back feeding of N2R
relay at the end of 3rd TGT pulse.
TGTPR & LCCPR back To have additional protection to
contacts. ASR circuit.
17 ASCR circuit PCR back contact To have double break in ASCR
circuit during cancellation.
18 TGTPR circuit Additional TGTR(R) contact in To prevent picking up of TGTPR
–ve limb. without TGTR pickup.
19 TAR circuit TGTPR & TCFPR back contacts To prevent TAR picking up when a
and LCCPR front contact. train is received without line clear.
TGTPR & TCFPR front contact To open the TAR pickup coil circuit
PCR back contact. after it picks up and to Prevent
detaching of this relay due to any
back EMF in its extended circuit.

8.7 SPLIT CIRCUITS

Fig : 8.2 BELL CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.1 PUSH BUTTON CIRCUITS

Fig : 8.2 BELL CIRCUIT

IRISET Page 84
 LINE CIRCUIT FOR BELL AND TELEPHONE

Fig : 8.3 LINE CIRCUIT FOR BELL AND TELEPHONE

Page 85 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.4 SHKR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.5 SCKR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.6 SNR CIRCUIT

IRISET Page 86
 CTR CIRCUIT & NTR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.7 CTR CIRCUIT & Fig : 8.8 NTR CIRCUIT

Page 87 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.9 TCKR & CRR LINE CIRCUIT

IRISET Page 88
 CTPR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.10 LR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.11 LPR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.12 1CR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.13 CTPR CIRCUIT

Page 89 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.14 RDR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.15 RCKR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.16 2CR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.17 3CR CIRCUIT

IRISET Page 90
 TCFR CIRCUIT & ASTR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.18 TCFR CIRCUIT & 8.19 ASTR CIRCUIT

Page 91 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.20 PTR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.21 P2R/N2R CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.22 TOLAR CIRCUIT

IRISET Page 92
 ASR CIRCUIT & LCCPR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.23 ASR CIRCUIT & Fig : 8.24 LCCPR CIRCUIT

Page 93 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.25 TGTR CIRCUIT & Fig : 8.26 ASCR CIRCUIT

IRISET Page 94
 FREE INDICATION CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.27 TCFPR/TGTPR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.28 TOLTR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.29 TAR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.30 PCR CIRCUIT

Fig : 8.31 CAR & FREE INDICATION CIRCUIT

Page 95 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

8.32 INDICATION CIRCUIT

8.33 TOL INDICATION

IRISET Page 96
 TCF CODE TRANSMISSION FLOW CHART

Fig : 8.32 TCF CODE TRANSMISSION FLOW CHART

Page 97 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.33 TGT CODE TRANSMISSION FLOW CHART

IRISET Page 98
 TOL CODE TRANSMISSION FLOW CHART

Fig : 8.34 TOL CODE TRANSMISSION FLOW CHART

Page 99 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

ALL ‘Q’ STYLE RELAY VERSION OF PUSH BUTTON INSTRUMENT

Fig : 8.35 LINE CLOSE CODE TRANSMISSION FLOW CHART

***

IRISET Page 100

 TO SEND A TRAIN FROM STATION ‘A’ TO STATION ‘B’

CHAPTER – 9: METHOD OF OPERATION

(Both Stations are assumed to be equipped with Semaphore Signals)

9.1 To send a train from Station ‘A’ to Station ‘B’

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

Block Instrument in ‘Line Closed’ condition Block Instrument in ‘Line Closed’ condition and
and Outer and Home or Distant and Home Outer and Home or Distant and Home Signals,
Signals, as the case may be, and Last Stop as the case may be, and Last Stop Signal at
Signal at “ON” “ON”.

(1) Inserts the Station Master’s Key and turns

(2) Presses the ‘Train going To’ button along
with the “Bell code” button.
(3) Block Instrument displays ‘Train Coming
From’ indication.
(4) Block Instrument displays ‘Train Going
To’ indication. Releases buttons.
(5) (a) Takes ‘OFF’ the Last Stop Signal.
(b) Train enters Block Section.
(c) Last Stop Signal return to “ON”
automatically.
(d) ‘Train on Line’ indication appears
automatically.
(e) Last Stop Signal Lever and Station
Master’s slide are replaced to normal.
(6) ‘Train on Line’ indication appears
automatically and audible warning sounds.
(7) (a) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(b) Acknowledges audible warning by pressing
the ‘Bell Push’ button.
(c) Audible warning stops.
(8) Calls attention through ‘Bells code’ button
and attends on telephone
(9) Acknowledges ‘Call Attention’ through
‘Bell code’ button and attends on telephone.
(10) Calls for description of train on telephone.
(11) Gives description of train on telephone.
(12) Acknowledges the description of the train
(13) (a) Takes ‘OFF’ the reception signals.
(b) Train enters the station.

Page 101 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

METHOD OF OPERATION

(c) First Stop Signal replaced to ‘ON’ position

automatically.
(d) Audible warning sounds.
(e) First Stop Signal lever (and Home Signal
Lever or Station Master’s slide controlling
Home signal if required) replaced to Normal
f) Audible warning stops.
(14) Where automatic device is provided for
proving complete arrival of a train, section is
automatically closed. Where this is not, the
‘Line Closed’ button along with the “Bell code”
button is operated, after visually checking that
the complete train has arrived and that all
signals are at ‘ON’.
(15) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition.
(16) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
Note: the procedure for sending a train from
Station ‘B’ to ‘A’ is same.

9.2 To cancel the “Train Going To” condition before a train enters the Block
Section

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

Block Instrument displays ‘Train Going To” Block Instrument displays ‘Train Coming From’
indication and Last Stop Signal at “ON” indication and First Stop Signal at “ON”
(1) Replaces Last Stop Signal Lever and
Station Master’s slide to normal if the signal
had been taken “OFF”
(2) (a) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns

(b) Operates the ‘Cancellation’ button/along

with the “Bell code” button.
(c) Counter registers next higher number

(3) Calls attention through “Bell code” button,

and attends on telephone.
(4) (a) Attends and inserts Station Master’s
Key and turns.
(b) Acknowledges “Call Attention” and attends
on telephone.
(5) Advises on telephone intention to cancel
“Train Going To” condition.
(6) Acknowledge intention to cancel ‘Train
Going To’ condition.

IRISET Page 102

 TO SEND A TRAIN FROM STATION ‘A’ TO STATION ‘B’

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

(7) Replaces reception Signal Lever and
Station Master’s slide to normal, if the
signals had been taken ‘OFF’
(8) Time release “Free” indication appears .
after 2 minutes after the ‘Cancellation’
button is operated.
(9) Calls attention and presses the ‘Line
Closed’ button along with the ‘Bell code’
button after checking that all relevant
signals are at ‘ON’.
(10) Acknowledges and co-operates for
normalizing of the instruments by pressing
the ‘Line closed’ button along with the ‘Bell
code’ button.
(11) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition. Releases buttons.
(12) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition. Releases buttons.

9.3 To set the Block Instruments to “Line Closed” when a train pushes back to
the dispatching station.

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

Block Instrument displays ‘Train Going To’ and Block Instrument displays ‘Train Coming From’
“Train on Line” indication and ‘Train on Line’ indications and audible
warning sounds.
1(a) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(b) Acknowledges audible warning by
pressing the ‘Bell code’ button.
(c) Audible warning stops.
(d) Calls attention through ‘Bell code’ button,
and attends on telephone.
(2) (a) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
b) Acknowledges ‘Call Attention’ through ‘Bell
Push’ button and attends on telephone.
3) Advises intention to push back the train.
(4) Acknowledges intention to push back the
train, and replaces reception Signal levers and
Station Master’s slide to normal, if the signals
had been taken ‘OFF’.
(5) (a) Takes ‘OFF’ the reception signals.
(b) Train returns to the station.
(c) First Stop Signal replaced to ‘ON’ position.

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METHOD OF OPERATION

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

(d) Audible warning sounds.
(e) First Stop Signal Lever (and Home Signal
lever or Station Master’s slide controlling
Home Signal, if required) returned to
normal.
(f) Audible warning stops.
(6) (a) Operates the ‘Cancellation’ button/ for
pushing back along with the ‘Bell code’
button.
(b) Counter registers next higher number.
(7) (a) Verifies complete arrival of train usually
or through automatic device where provided
and that all relevant signals are at ‘ON’.
(b) Calls attention and operates the ‘Line (7) (c) Acknowledges and co-operates for
Closed’ button along with the ‘Bell code’ normalizing of the instruments by pressing
button. the ‘Line Closed’ button along with the ‘Bell
code’ button.
(8) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition. Releases buttons.
(9) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition. Releases buttons.

9.4 To shunt between the Last Stop Signal and opposing First Stop Signal

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

Block Instrument in ‘Line Closed’ condition and Block Instrument in ‘Line Closed’ condition and
Outer and Home or Distant and Home Signals, Outer and Home or Distant and Home Signals,
as the case may be, and Last Stop Signal at as the case may be, and Last Stop Signal at
‘ON’. “ON”.

(1) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.

(2) (a) Takes out the Shunting Key.

(b) Hands over the Shunting Key to the Driver.

(3) (a) After completion of shunting, driver

returns the Shunting Key to Station Master.
(b) Shunting Key is replaced in the instrument.
Note: If Station ‘B’ fails to establish ‘Train
Going To’ condition when Station ‘A’ has
extracted the shunting key, Station ‘B’ should
verify position from Station ‘A’, who should
advise Station ‘B’ as soon as shunting is
completed.

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 SHUNT BETWEEN THE LAST STOP SIGNAL AND OPPOSING FIRST STOP SIGNAL

9.5 To shunt between the Last Stop Signal and Opposing First Stop Signal
behind a departing train with the instrument in “Train Going To” condition.

Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’

Block Instrument in ‘Train Going To’ condition Block Instrument in ‘Train Coming From’
and Outer and Home or Distant and Home condition.
Signals as the case may be and Last Stop
Signal at ‘ON’.
(1) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(2) (a) Takes out the shunting key.
(b) Hands over the shunting key to the driver.
Case (1) If shunting is completed before the train clears Block Section.
Station ‘A’ Station ‘B’
3(a) After completion of shunting, driver
returns the shunting key to Station Master.
(b) Shunting key is replaced in the instrument.
(4) After usual reception of the train, Block
Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’ condition.
Case (2) If train clears section before shunting is completed when Station ‘B’ fails to
establish ‘Line Closed’ condition as, Station ‘A’ has extracted the shunting key, Station
‘B’ should verify position from Station ‘A’/
(3) (a) After completion of shunting, driver
returns the shunting key to Station Master.
(b) Shunting Key is replaced in the instrument.
(4) (a) Advises on telephone about completion
of shunting.
(5) (a) Acknowledges on telephone completion
of shunting.
(b) Sets instruments to ‘Line Closed’ condition.

9.6 Operation of Slip and Catch Siding while sending a train from Station ‘A’ to
Station ‘B’.
Station ‘A’ is assumed to be provided with a
Slip Siding protected by Last Stop Signal and
Station ‘B’ with Catch Siding protected by First
Stop Signal.
Block Instrument displays ‘Train Going To’ Block Instrument displays ‘Train Coming From’
indication. indication.
(1) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(2) (a) Takes out the Slip siding key.
(b) Transmits the slip siding key to the siding
point either electrically or manually.
(c) Slip siding point is set.

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METHOD OF OPERATION

(3) (a) Takes off the Last Stop Signal.

(b) Train enters Block Section.
(c) Last Stop Signal returns to ‘ON’
automatically.
(d) ‘Train on Line’ indication appears
automatically.
(e) Last Stop Signal Lever and Station
Master’s Control are returned to normal.
(4) ‘Train on Line’ indication appears
automatically and audible warning sounds.
(5) (a) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(b) Acknowledges audible warning by pressing
the ‘Bell Push’ button.
(c) Audible warning stops.
(6) ‘Calls Attention’ through ‘Bell code’ buttons
and attends on telephoned
(7) Acknowledges ‘Call Attention’ through “Bell
code” button and attends on telephone.
(8) Calls for description of train on telephone.
(9) Gives description of train on telephone.
(10) Acknowledges description of the train.
(11) (a) Slip Siding point is set to normal.
(b) Siding key is transmitted back to Station
Master either electrically or manually.
(c) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(d) Siding key is replaced in the Instrument.
(12) (a) Takes out Catch Siding Key.
(b) Transmits the Catch Siding Key to siding
point either electrically or manually.
(13) (a) Train comes to a stop at the First Stop
Signal.
(b) Catch Siding point is set.
(14) (a) First Stop Signal is taken “OFF”.
(b) Train enters the Station.
(c) First Stop Signal replaced to ‘ON’ position.
(d) Audible warning sounds.
(e) First Stop Signal Lever, (and Home Signal
Lever, or Station Master’s slide controlling
Home Signal if required) returned to
normal.
(f) Audible warning stops.

IRISET Page 106

 OPERATION OF SLIP AND CATCH SIDING

(g) Catch siding point set to normal.

(15) (a) Siding Key is transmitted back to
Station Master either manually or
electrically.
(b) Inserts Station Master’s Key and turns.
(c) Siding Key is replaced in the instrument.
(16) Where automatic device is provided for
proving complete arrival of a train, section
is automatically closed. Where this is not
provided, the ‘Line Closed’ button along
with the “Bell Push” button is operated,
after visually checking that the complete
train has arrived and that all signals are at
‘ON’.
(17) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition.
(18) Block Instrument set to ‘Line Closed’
condition. Releases buttons.

***

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FAILURES OF INSTRUMENT

CHAPTER – 10: FAILURES OF INSTRUMENT

10.1 The Push Button Tokenless Block Instruments shall be considered to be
interrupted and their working suspended in the following circumstances.

(a) When attention cannot be obtained direct on the Block Instrument.

(b) When signals on the Bell are received indistinctly or fail altogether.

(c) If the Last Stop signal fails to return to ‘ON’ position as a train passes it.

(d) If the Train arrival buzzer does not sound the alarm even after the complete passage
of the train inside the Home signal over the Last Vehicle track Circuit (This may be
due to failure of the Last Vehicle Track Circuit).
Note: Though Home Signal may go automatically to ‘ON’ by passage of the train,
home signal lever shall not be put back to ‘Normal’ position unless the whole
of the train has arrived inside the Home signal. Failure to adhere to this will
result in a Block Failure and the Train arrival buzzer will not sound alarm
under such circumstances.

(e) When there is reason to believe that there is contact between the Block wire and any
other circuit:
Note :(i) If a contact exists between the Block wire and any other circuit, there is a
possibility of irregular beats on the bell. A contact between two block wires
would cause signals given on one instrument to be repeated on the
neighboring instrument.
(ii) The Telephone connected with the instrument for train signalling ,also shall
be considered as having failed and working by means of the telephone
would not be resumed until authorized by the JE/SE/SSE(Sig) or any other
authorized person.

(f) If the Instrument or its battery counter is found unlocked or seal missing.

(g) When ‘Train on Line’ buzzer fails to give the alarm for any reason at the receiving
station, even after display of ‘Train on Line’ indication on the Block Instruments.

Note: (i) If a following train ‘in the same direction working on paper line clear ticket
actuates the TAR bell, block working may be resumed.
(ii) If there is no following train but there is a train to proceed in the opposite
direction the same will be dispatched on paper line clear ticket. (The Station
Master at other end should use cancel push button as in the case of a train
pushing back and receive the train on proper signals after which block
working may be resumed without waiting for S&T staff.

(h) When a Material Train etc. is required to be taken into a Block Section after Line
Block has been imposed in accordance with Appendix V to the General and
Subsidiary Rules.
Note : Block Working (with Line Clear exchange by any means) shall to suspended
and the Material train etc. started on an ‘Authority to proceed without Line
Clear’. After the Line Block has been removed the Station Masters
themselves shall resume block working.

IRISET Page 108

 PUSH BUTTON TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT

(i) When a train is required to enter a block section which is obstructed by an accident
or any other reason.

Note: Black Working (With Line Clear Exchange by any means) shall be
suspended and trains started on an “authority to proceed without Line Clear’.
On the obstruction being removed, the Station Masters themselves shall
resume block working.

(j) If it is known that the Instrument is defective in any way not specified above.

10.2 Push Button Tokenless Block Instrument - Other failures

(a) If the ‘Train Going To’ indication is not displayed on the instrument when operated or
‘Train On Line’ indication is not displayed on the Instrument after the train has
entered the Block Section.

(b) If the Last Stop signal lever cannot be reversed when the instrument displays ‘Train
Going To’ indication.

(c) If the Last Stop signal lever can be reversed without displaying ‘Train Going To’
indication on the Block Instrument.
Note: This test shall be made when Station Masters take charge of the Block
Instrument and an entry made in the Train Signal Register.

(d) Since the ‘OFF’ aspect of the Last Stop signal is the authority to enter the block
section in the Tokenless territory, even in case lever can be pulled but the signal
does not assume ‘OFF’ aspect, the Block working should suspended.

(e) When a train arrives at a station when the Block Instrument is not displaying ‘Train
On Line’ indication.
Note: In this case irregularities shall be reported as an accident.

(f) If the ‘Line Closed’ indication can be displayed on the Instrument before complete
arrival of the train.

(g) If the ‘Train Going To’ indication cannot be cancelled even though proper
manipulation has been done.

(h) If the ‘Train Going To’ indication can be cancelled without the co-operation of the
Station Master at the other end of the Block Section,

10.3 Alternative Means of Communication

In the event of failure or suspension of Block Instruments ‘Line Clear’ shall be obtained
by any one of the alternative means of communications in the order of priority indicated below:

(a) Telephone attached to Block instrument

(b) Control Telephone
(c) [Link]

Shall be worked in accordance with the procedure laid down in Appendix- III to the
General and Subsidiary Rules Book.
All failures shall be reported promptly to all concerned.

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FAILURE OF INSTRUMENT

10.4 Block Instruments failure record

A record of Block Instrument failures shall be maintained in the Signal and Block
Inspection and Failure Register at the station.

10.5 Reports to be sent

When block working is suspended the Station Masters at both ends of the Block section
shall at once make entries in red ink, in the Train Signal Register, immediately below the entries
for the last train, showing the date and time from which block working has been suspended and
the cause of suspension if known. Both the Station Masters shall then advise each other by
Telephone of the suspension of Block working and the cause thereof if known and also advise
the ESM, Signal Inspector and Divisional Railway Manager.

The Electrical Signal maintainer and the mechanical signal Maintainer shall also be
advised, when there is a failure of the Last Stop signal after Line clear has been obtained from
the Station ahead.

10.6 Train Signalling during interruption or suspension of Block working

When Block working between X and Y is interrupted or suspended, trains shall be

signalled through any one of the prescribed alternative means in the order of the precedence,
as laid down in Para 10.3.

When Block working is suspended, X and Y shall advise each other and the ESM/MSM,
Signal Inspectors of the suspension and the cause thereof, if known (the cause of the failure
being given only by the Station Master who first suspends Block working). A copy of this
message shall be sent to the Divisional Railway Manager by cover and the Controller on duty
shall be advised on controlled sections, by X and Y.

Example: (BF stands for Block Failure; 8 stand for 8 hrs.)

(a) XR - Code Time

From SM/X to SM/Y Copy SI & ESM
BF— X-Y-— 8/ (The actual cause as observed by the Station Master)

(b) XR - Code Time

From SM/Y to SM/X Copy SI & ESM
BF— Y-X— 8/-

Whenever any failure is reported to the Government Telecommunication Department

staff, owing to the line faults, ‘GTD advised’ shall be added at the end of the message by the
Station Master who first suspends block working. X and Y shall at once make an entry in red
ink, in the Train Signal Register that block working has been suspended showing the time and
date ot suspension and the cause thereof, if known.

Before actually signalling a train through any one of the alternative means, X and Y shall
at once exchange messages by telephone as laid down in clauses 10.7, 10.8 and 10.9 below
and copy out the messages in the Train Signal Register.

(a) Whenever trains between X and Y are signalled through the telephones attached to
the Block Instruments, or Control telephone or V. H, F. sets as the case may be, they
shall be dealt with in all respect in accordance with the provisions of the General and
Subsidiary rules and other rules given in the manual.

IRISET Page 110

 TRAIN SIGNALLING DURING INTERRUPTION OR SUSPENSION OF BLOCK WORKING

(b) The number and description and the arrival and departure time of each train dealt
with between X and Y, with the Private Number shall be recorded in red ink, then
and there, in the Train Signal Register.

(c) The Station Master shall record the means of communication through which Line
Clear was asked for or given in the Enquiry Book or Reply Book, as the case may
be.

(d) The progressive number of the Line Clear Ticket issued for each train shall be
recorded in the remarks column of the Train Signal Register against the entry for the
train.

Procedure to be adopted when the ‘Train Entering Block Section’ signal

cannot be given or ‘Train On Line’ indication not displayed owing to the failure of the
Block Instrument after the departure of the train or before clearing the section for the
train.

(a) If after the departure of a train the ‘Train Entering Block Sections signal cannot be
given in case of Handle Type Tokenless Block Instruments or the ‘Train On Line’
indication is not displayed in case of Push Button Tokenless Block Instrument or
owing to the Failure of the Instrument, X shall fill in the column ‘Train Left at’ in the
Train Signal Register in red ink and send the following messages by Telephone to Y.

No -------

Block Instrument failed. Train (No. and description) -------------------- left my

station at ---------hrs ------mts.

Y shall record the departure time in his Train Signal Register, in red ink, and
then acknowledge the message as under:

No --------
Your No ------------- understand Block Instrument failed and that Train (No.
and description) -------------left your station at ------------- hrs ---------- mts

(b) When the Line Closed’ indication is not displayed after complete arrival of the train in
case of Push Button Tokenless Block Instrument owing to the failure of the
instrument, Y shall on arrival of the train fill the column ‘Train Arrived At’ in the Train
Signal Register in red ink and send the following message, by telephone to X .

No--------

Train (No. and description) ------------------- arrived here complete at----------hrs

-------mts.

X shall record the arrival time in his Train Signal Register book in red ink and
then acknowledge the message as under:

No----------

Your No -------- Understand that train (No. and description ---------------- arrived
at Your station complete at ---------hrs -------mts,

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FAILURE OF INSTRUMENT

10.7 Procedure for signalling trains between X and Y Through block Telephone

(a) If Block Instrument is suspended between the stations X and Y the Station Master at
X shall send a message through the Block Telephone to Y as under:

NO ---------

Block Instrument working is suspended. Train signalling shall be done through

Block Telephone.

Y shall acknowledge it as under:

Y our No -------- understand Block Instrument is suspended and Train

Signalling shall be done through Block Telephone.

(b) The Station Masters at X and Y shall then signal all trains on the Block Telephone,
when Line Clear’ is obtained through the Block Telephone, the Station Master shall
write the words ‘Block Telephone’ after the words ‘Line Clear obtained through’ on
the top of the Line Clear ticket in the Blank space provided for this purpose.

(c) All trains shall be stopped at stations X and Y, run through trains being stopped out
of Course. The signature of the Driver shall be obtained in the Line Clear Enquiry
Book in token of his having checked the Line Clear Ticket and found it to be correct
and complete.

10.8 Procedure for signalling trains between X and Y through control

(a) If Block Instrument, and Block Telephone working are suspended between the
stations X and Y on sections of the line where control working is in operation, the
Station Master at X shall send a message through the control to Y as under:—

(b) Block Instrument and Block Telephone working are suspended. Train Signalling shall
be done through control.

In token of his having checked the Line Clear ticket and found it to be
correct and complete.

10.8.1 Instructions for working Trains during total interruption of all means of
communication for exchanging Line Clear

When all means of communications for exchanging Line Clear between Stations X and Y
have failed, trains between Stations X and Y shall be worked in accordance with Appendix Ill of
the General and Subsidiary Rules. Both the Station Masters at X and Y shall record, then and
there, in red ink, in the Train Signal Register the fact that the communication is totally
interrupted. The number and description and the departure and arrival time of each train dealt
with shall also be entered in red ink n the Train Signal Register by the Station Masters at
stations X and Y.

IRISET Page 112

 RESUMPTION OF BLOCK WORKING AFTER INTERRUPTION OR SUSPENSION

10.9 Resumption of Block working after Interruption or suspension

(a) (i) When Block working has been suspended under items (h) and (i) of Para 10.1 (1)
above, Block working shall be resumed in these cases by the Station Masters
themselves on the conditions laid down in the note under each item being fulfilled
and after exchanging messages in accordance with clause (b) below:

(ii) When Block working has been suspended under any of the other items (i.e. those
not included in Clause (i) above) Block working shall not be resumed by the Station
Masters themselves even if the Instrument or communication is restored until the
Instrument have been tested and certified by the Electrical Signal Maintainer or
JE/SE/SSE(Sig) and the messages have been exchanged in accordance with clause
(b) below.

(b) Before resuming Block working, X and Y shall satisfy themselves that the Block
Section is clear by exchanging messages by telephone (Classed XR) giving the
time of arrival and departure of the last train at stations X and Y.

(c) When Block working is resumed, X and Y shall advise each other, the ESM and
Signal Inspector by telephone of the resumption. A copy of this message shall
be sent to the Controller on duty shall transmit the message to the Station
Master at Y who shall acknowledge it as under:

No---------

Your No ------- understand Block Instrument, and Block Telephone working are
suspended and Train signalling should be done through control.

(d) The Controller on duty shall transmit the message to the Station Master at X.

(e) The Station Master shall record this message in his Line Clear Enquiry or Reply
Book, as the case may be, and then repeat it to the Controller on duty who shall
record it immediately in the Register specially provided for the purpose and then
transmit it to the Station Master concerned. The Station Master shall record the
message received immediately in his Line Clear reply or Line Clear Enquiry
Book, as the case may be. He shall also record the name of the Controller in the
Train Signal Register.

(f) The Station Masters at X and Y shall, before asking and giving ‘Line Clear’,
repeat the arrival and departure timings of the Last two preceding trains on the
X—Y block section. The Controller shall also check the correctness of the
particulars to ensure that the correct stations are contacted.

(g) The Station Masters at X arid Y shall then Signal all trains through control.
When line clear is obtained through control, the Station -Master shall write the
word ‘Control’ after the words Line Clear obtained through’ on the top of the Line
Clear Ticket in the blank space provided for this purpose.

(h) All trains shall be stopped at stations X and Y, run through trains being stopped
Out of course. The signature of the Driver shall be obtained in the Line Clear
Enquiry Book in token of his having checked the Line Clear ticket and found it to
be correct and complete.

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FAILURE OF INSTRUMENT

10.10 Instructions for working trains during total interruption of all means of
communication for exchanging Line Clear.
When all means of communications for exchanging Line Clear between Stations X and Y
have failed, trains between Stations X and Y shall be worked in accordance with Appendix III of
the General and Subsidiary Rules. Both the Station Masters at X and Y shall record, then and
there, in red ink, in the Train Signal Register the fact that the communication is totally
interrupted. The number and description and the departure and arrival time of each train dealt
with shall also be entered in red ink in the Train Signal Register by the Station Masters at
stations X and Y.

10.11 Resumption of Block working after Interruption or suspension

(a) (i) When Block working has been suspended under items (h) and (i) of Para 4.1 above,
Block working shall be resumed in these cases by the Station Masters themselves on
the conditions laid down in the note under each item being fulfilled and after
exchanging messages in accordance with clause (b) below:
(ii) When Block working has been suspended under any of the other items (i.e. those not
included in Clause (i) above) Block working shall not be resumed by the Station
Masters themselves even if the instrument or communication is restored until the
Instruments have been tested and certified by the Electrical Signal Maintainer or
JE/SE/SSE (Sig) and the messages have been exchanged in accordance with clause
(b) below.
(b) Before resuming Block working, X and Y shall satisfy themselves that the Block Section
is clear by exchanging messages by telephone (Classed XR) giving the time of arrival
and departure of the last train at stations X and Y.
(c) When Block working is resumed, X and Y shall advise each other, the ESM and
JE/SE/SSE(Sig) by telephone of the resumption . A copy of this message shall be sent
to the Divisional Railway Manager by cover and the Controller on duty advised on the
controlled sections by the Station Masters of Stations X and Y.
(Example - (BRSD stands for Block Failure Restored. stands for 15 hours)

XR-Code Time.

From SM/X to SM/Y Copy JE/SE/SSE(Sig) & ESM

BRSD—X-Y—1 5/—

XR-Code Time

From SM/Y to SM/X Copy JE/SE/SSE(Sig) & ESM

BRSD—Y-X—l 5/—

10.12 Resumption of normal working

(a) Then communication by the Train Wire has to be restored, block working by the
Train Wire shall not be resumed until the Station Masters of X and Y have both
satisfied themselves that the line between them is clear of trains by exchanging
Messages classed XR, giving the time arrival and departure of the last train at
stations X and Y.

(b) When the train wire working is restored, the Station Masters at X and Y shall advise
each other and JE/SE/SSE (Sig) and the Controller by a message of the resumption
of Train Wire Working. A copy of the message shall be sent by cover, to the
Divisional Railway Manager by the Station Masters at X and Y.

IRISET Page 114

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM T/L BLOCK INSTRUMENT PUSH BUTTON TYPE

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TOKENLESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT PUSH BUTTON

TYPE WITH ‘Q’ STYLE RELAYS

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FAILURE OF INSTRUMENT

10.13 Trouble Shooting Chart for Tokenless Block Instruments - PUSH BUTTON TYPE

[Link] Type of Failures Observation Causes

1 Bell Code Failed 1. Bell Beats failed Due to twist on line or break fault
altogether both CRR is not picking up. CTR Back
sides contact in CRR circuit not making
2. Outgoing bell 1. Disconnection of Line Battery at
beats only failed sending end.
2. Disconnection in 250 Ohms
resistance in Unit No. IV at
sending end.
3. Disconnection of Local Battery at
the receiving end.
3. Incoming Bell CRR is not energizing due to BCB
Beats only failed normal contact No. 15 not making.
2. a) Generation of Code 1. SHKR not picking Shunt Key IN contact inside EKT is
failed up not making properly
2. SCKR not picking Local Battery Weak
up
3. SNR not picking 1. Disconnection in Location Battery
up
2. Disconnection in SNR circuit. Due
to Circuit Controller contact not
making, Home Signal Lamp fused
etc.
4(a) CTR not picking 1. Cancel Button developed High
up Resistance fault.
2. BCB/TGB contact spring not
making while buttons are pressed.
3. SNR –2A1 contact developed high
resistance fault.
4. SHKR – 4A3 -do-
SCKR – 4A3 –do-
4(b) CTR not holding 1. Condenser for the time lag
arrangement units. – I
2. CTR stick circuit contacts of TCKR
5A6, LR 7B8, LPR 2D1 relays.
5. TAR not picking 1. Faulty circuit controller of Home
up on arrival of Signal lever/disconnection in other
train. contacts of TAR circuits (or)
TOLAR- 5A6 offer high resistance
2. LVT track circuit failed.
b) Code Transmission CTR actuating but Disconnection of Line or
Failed code is not Disconnection in Line Battery
transmitted
c) Code reception failed CRR is not picking CRR not energizing due to
while code is being BCBR- 6A5/6B5 not making at
received from the receiving end.
other end.

IRISET Page 116

 TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

[Link] Type of Failures Observation Causes

se Code Transmission not CTPR picking up & Condenser across CTR in Unit NO.
d) progressing dropping 1st pulse 1 punctured.
only being
transmitted
e) Failure to generate RCKR not holding RCKR picked up at receiving station
TGT automatic reply hence CTR not but not holding due to CONDENSOR
code or answer back picking up. FAULT in UI.
code in response to
incoming TCF code
3.a) Answer back code is Instrument is not set 1. ASR- 2CI front contact in TGTR
recd., but TGTR is not to TGT even though circuit is not making.
picking up TGT code is received 2. IN Unit IV 50 ohms resistance
developed open cct. Fault 220 Mfd
condenser punctured resulting in
ASR not holding.
3. CTPR not holding due to 4700 mf
condenser defective, in Unit No.1
4. ASTR not picking up due to failure
of FVT.
b) While taking line clear TCFR not picking up Disconnection in TCFR coil resulting
no TGT or TCF at receiving end on in failure of replay code or answer
indication set up at receipt of the 3rd back TGT code.
sending station/ pulse of TCF code.
receiving station
4. a) Both TCF & TOL TOLAR not holding Local Battery at the receiving end is
indications appeared at at receiving end defective or momentarily interrupted
RECEIVING END (some time due to development of
simultaneously while reverse polarity in one of the cells).
the other station is
trying to take line clear
5. When TGB &BCB are TCKR contact No. 4 TCKR Defective
pressed, TOL code is A3 offered high
transmitted instead of resistance. Hence,
TCF Code. LR and LPR did not
pick up. Hence, 3 CR
did not pickup
6. In reply to the incoming During the code TCKR defective.
TCF code, TOL code is progress TCKR
transmitted as ‘Answer contact NO. 4A3 is
Back’ instead of TGT not making. Hence,
code. LR is not picking up.
3CR is not picking
up. Consequently
NTR is not dropping
while the instrument
is ‘Answering Back’
7. Transmission of reply CTR is not holding Solder given up
code is incomplete CTR 2CI is not
available as the
solder is given up

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FAILURE OF INSTRUMENT

[Link] Type of Failures Observation Causes

8. Failure of transmission CTR was not picking Wire given up
of code. up and holding. LPR
was not holding since
the wire of condenser
is given up. IN U-II
(R3 &R1)

9. No Answerback for This was due to Relay contact not making.

Line Closed Code LCCPR not holding
in the Line closed
code receiving
instrument due to the
IA2 contact of SHKR
was offering high
resistance.

10. While taking line clear TOLAR not holding TOLAR LATCH is not effective
TOL indication at sending end
appeared immediately
after getting TGT
indication at the train
sending end

11. TOL indication TOL indication Failure of FVT after the instrument is
appeared before the appeared set to TGT before the train passed
entry of train into the prematurely over FVT
Block Section

12. TOL indication failed NO TOLK Check the LED of 2.2 K ohms
resistance
13. TOL Buzzer failure Buzzer is not TOLTR not picking up at receiving
sounding station.
14. Train arrival buzzer -do- TAR not picked up (or) not holding.
failure

Additional requirements of Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments

10.14 Fixed Indications - In addition to the fixed indications specified in paragraph 4.13. the
instrument shall be provided with means to indicate "Train On Line" at both the sending
and receiving stations when a train has entered the block section. (SEM 7.149)

10.15 Immunity from extraneous currents - Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments
shall work on coded impulse/frequency modulated current system so as to be immune
from the effects of extraneous currents. (SEM 7.150)

10.16 Operation - Push Button Tokenless Block Instruments: (SEM 7.152)

10.16.1 ‘Train Going To’ and ‘Train Coming From’ - The cooperation of the Station
Master at the other end of the section may be dispensed with. The instrument shall
be such that a button in addition to the bell button shall be operated for "Train Going
To" position. (SEM 7.152.1)

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 TRAIN ON LINE

10.16.2 ‘Train On Line’ - Means shall be provided to ensure that the instruments are set to
‘Train On Line’ automatically by the entry of the train into the block section and
maintained in that position until the train has cleared the block section. This
indication shall be in addition to the ‘Train Going To’ or ‘Train Coming From’
indications. (SEM 7.152.2)

10.16.3 Line Closed - Both the instruments shall be restored to normal before a further
operation of setting the instrument to ‘Train Going To’/’Train Coming From’ can be
carried out. The instrument shall be such that the receiving station for setting both the
instruments to the ‘Line Closed’ condition shall operate a button in addition to the bell
button. This feature can be dispensed with where an automatic device of closing the
Block section is provided. (SEM 7.152.3)

10.17 Operation of "Line Clear" receiving and granting mechanism - It shall not be
possible for the mechanism which permits a ‘Line Clear’ to be received and that which
permits a ‘Line Clear’ to be granted to be in operation at the same time. (SEM 7.153)

10.18 Tokenless Block Instruments shall be provided with

(a) Audible indicators to warn the receiving station -

(i) When the train enters the block section at the sending station; and

(ii) When the train has passed the Home Signal at the receiving station.

(b) Shunting key suitably interlocked with the Block Instrument for use as an authority
for shunting beyond the Last Stop Signal and up to the opposing First Stop Signal.
(SEM 7.154).

***

Page 119 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

REVIEW QUESTIONS

REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1
Subjective

1. What are the codes used in FM block instrument

2. Write short notes on

(a) TOL indicator

(b) Buzzer
(c) Shunting key
(d) Level adjust switch
(e) Impedance switch
(f) Attenuator
(g) Coding relays

Objective

Fill in the blanks

1. Carrier frequencies used in FM instruments are ____________ or ____________

2. The modulating frequencies are ____________ and ______________

3. Resistance of the galvanoscope coil is ___________ ohm

4. The resistance of the time release indicator coil is __________ ohm

5. The block handle assembly consists of __________ sets of spring contacts

6. Resistance of the single stroke bell coil is ____________ ohm

True or false
1. Shunting key can be removed only in TGT or line closed position

2. The time delay for push back cancellation is 120 sec

3. CR1 picks up when a code of 1800 Hz and 2700 Hz modulated by 85 Hz is received from the
other station

4. Local battery is of 24v, supplies TX, RX, Indicators, lock magnet coil and operating relays
etc. of the instrument.

IRISET Page 120

 CHAPTER 2&3

CHAPTER 2
Subjective

1. Explain PBPR circuit

2. Explain Bell circuit

3. Explain TRSR Circuit

4. Explain cancellation Circuit

5. Explain sending end TOLR circuit

Objective

Fill in the blanks

1. Bell circuit is having two parallel paths with ___________ and ___________ up contacts

2. In the DC supply path of Transmitter PBPR ____________ [ up/down] contact is proved

3. TRSR is a slow to _____________ relay

4. NR is a _____________ [local/line] relay

5. In M lock coil circuit NR ____________ [up/down] contact is proved in –ve limb

True or false
1. Resistance R3 in NR circuit of FM instrument is an electrical equivalent of jerking contact of
Token block instrument

2. TOLR is a slow to pick up relay

3. BLR is a line relay

4. PBPR pick up contact is proved in DC supply path of the receiver

5. CR1 pick up is required to turn the block handle to TGT position

CHAPTER 3
Subjective

1. Write short notes on

(a) Transmitter
(b) Receiver

Objective

Fill in the blanks

1. Level adjust switch is associated with the ________________ [transmitter/Receiver]

2. Attenuator associated with the receiver ________ [T/F]

Page 121 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 4
Subjective

1. What are the modifications required in FM instrument when we use it in AC RE area

Objective

True or false
1. VF Transformers are required when we use FM Instruments in AC RE Area

2. Block bell equipment is not required for FM instruments when used in AC RE area

CHAPTER 5
Objective

True or false
1. FM Block instrument is non-cooperative for cancelling the line clear

2. First the sending end block instrument becomes TGT before the receiving end becomes TCF

CHAPTER 6
Objective

True or false
1. After 120 sec of initiating the cancellation block instruments can be normalised

2. Switch S1 is required to be reversed and LSS control to be normalised for initiating the line
Clear cancellation

3. If the LSS fails to return to ON position as a train passes it, block working is to be suspended

4. When signals on the

5. bell are received indistinctly or fail together, block working need not be suspended

***

IRISET Page 122

 CHAPTER 7 &8

CHAPTER 7
Subjective
1. Short notes on SNR relay

2. Explain relays energised by line battery

3. Name relays energised by local battery

Objective

Fill in the blanks

1. External relays in Push Button Block Instrument are _________ , _________ and _________

2. SNR picks up by pressing BCB along with ___________ or _________ button

3. ____________ relay senses the progress of the coding circuit at the receiving end and
terminates the pulses that is being received by opening the line circuit

True or false
1. N2R and P2R are conflicting relays

2. SM’S key is not required to be in the instrument at receiving end when sending end SM is
taking line clear

3. Train arrival buzzer stops sounding when home signal lever is normalised

4. Train on line buzzer sounds only at train sending station

5. Cancellation counter is of resetting type

CHAPTER 8
Objective

Fill in the blanks

1. No of relays in Push Button block instrument With Q Series relay are ________ no

2. No of condenser and resistance units in Push Button Block Instrument with Q relay base are
_______ no

3. ________ picks up while receiving a train on signals with Block Instrument in TCF –TOL/
TGT –TOL Condition

True or false
1. TOLAR relay is a magnetic latch relay

2. TAR relay is not a magnetic latch relay

3. ASTR relay is proving relay for FVTPR

4. LPR drop contact is proved in bell circuits

5. SNR ‘K’ will not prove SNR relay pick up condition

Page 123 TOCKEN LESS BLOCK INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE LINE

REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 9
Objective

True or false
1. Push Button block instrument is co-operative type

2. Train on line buzzer sounds only at receiving station in PB block instrument

3. For cancellation in Push Button block instruments cooperation is not required

4. Removal of shunt key prevents the block instrument to become TGT

CHAPTER 10
Subjective

1. Write short notes on the following Relays

1. TCKR 2. RDR 3. CTR 4. CTPR

5. TCFR 6. TGTR 7. LCCPR 8. TOLAR

Objective

Fill in the blanks

1. - + - Code in TCFR relay is proved by _______ _______ _______ relay contacts

2. - + + Code LCCPR relay is proved by _______ _______ _______ relay contacts

3. - - + Code in TGTR relay is proved by _______ _______ _______ relay contacts

***

IRISET Page 124