AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

(AIUB)
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO: 04 MID / FINAL TERM

SEC : D

Engineering Shop

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Application Potential for Developments in Microwave Oven Systems

and Quality Improvement of the Front Loading Washing Machine using Concept of Design.

Submitted to:
NUZAT NUARY ALAM Semester: Summer 2021-22
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering
Date of Submission: 22-06-22
Department of EEE

SUBMITTED BY: MD. ABDUS SHAKUR GROUP NO: 04

Serial no Student’s Name ID Dept.
01 MD.ABDUS SHAKUR 19-41767-3 EEE

02 ALL FAHAD BIN AHAD 19-41320-3 EEE

03 D. M. TAHAJJUL ISLAM 19-41368-3 EEEE

04 ABDULLAH AL MAMUN SHUVO 19-41450-3 EEE

05 MD. SIBBIR KHAN TAMIM 19-41325-3 EEE

© Dept. of EEE & COE, FE, AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH (AIUB)

.

Microwave Ovens
Introduction:
Microwave heating is the transfer of electromagnetic energy to thermal energy. Molecules such as water
with positive and negative charges behave as dipole magnets and respond to the rapidly changing field
caused by alternations in the cavity of the microwave oven. This causes friction and thus generates the
heat. The microwave energy is delivered directly to the material through molecular interaction with the
electromagnetic field. Microwaves lie in the electromagnetic spectrum between infrared waves and radio
waves. They have wavelengths between 0.01 and 1 meter, and operate in a frequency range between 0.3
and 30 GHz. Beyond the value 30 GHz, the microwave frequency range overlaps with the radio
frequency range. The microwave oven has a history of more than five decades. The first microwave oven
was introduced by Tappan in 1955, but the widespread use of domestic microwave ovens occurred during
the1970s and 1980s. Since the first domestic microwave oven was released for household use in 1965,
microwave ovens have become widely used as multifunctional cooking equipment without fire for
warming, baking, boiling, steaming, etc. The global market for microwave ovens is projected to reach
72.5 million units by the year 2015.

Figure 1: Microwave Oven System [1]

PAST CONTRIBUTIONS
Application of microwave energy for materials processing is emerging as a novel and innovative
technology with many advantages over conventional processing, such as reduction in processing cycle
time resulting into substantial energy and cost savings, providing finer microstructures leading to
improved mechanical properties, and eco friendliness. The microwave energy is highly versatile in its
application to numerous diverse fields such as communication, chemical reactions, rubber vulcanization,
drying, food processing and medical related fields [3]. A microwave oven can save a substantial amount
of the electrical energy when used to cook food, approximating the saving of energy up to 63%. The
microwave has got unexpected success in last 50 years. Author made some predictions about what will
happen in the next 50 years relative to microwave power applications. His major predictions reported to
be about development of new magnetrons, solid-state sources and broadening of scope of microwave
power applications. The overview upon the prospects of microwave processing has been identified and
reported. The attempt has been made to study the heating behavior of materials in the electric and
magnetic fields at microwave frequencies for industrial applications.

E-SHOP
 Fig-2: Old microwave oven [1]
The physics of microwave oven has been described to give basic understanding of the concept. The
presented study deals with the generation of microwaves in the oven and includes the operation of the
magnetrons, waveguides and standing waves in resonant cavities. Also the basic issues like, absorption of
microwaves by foods, dielectric relaxation of water, penetration depths of electromagnetic waves in
matter and, in considering the possible chemical changes during the microwave heating, multi-photon
ionization or dissociation are presented.[1]

LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL MICROWAVE SYSTEMS

Although significant progress in microwave oven has been achieved, there are still quite a large number
of open issues relating to the specialization and performance enhancement of existing microwave
technologies and new technological solutions for tomorrow. There are significant limitations in
versatility, user friendliness and functionality of the domestic microwave ovens and further progress is
needed to extend the range of functionalities and accuracy. This fact intensifies the demand for
development of smart microwave oven systems. [1]

The commercially available microwave ovens limit in functionality and user friendliness.

Following are the major disadvantages of existing microwave ovens:

1) Less user friendly
2) No suggestions about ingredients of recipe
3) No guideline provides about selection of quantity depending upon number of persons
4) Non-programmable

SCOPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTER OVEN SYSTEMS

In the commercially available microwave oven systems, few numbers of recipes are pre-defined in the
form of touch-screen menus. Consequently, the user gets limited choice for recipe selection, despite
making heavy investment in microwave ovens. Moreover, the existing oven systems do not suggest the
quantity of ingredients based upon the number of persons. The programmable microwave oven systems
can be developed that will allow users to grow the list of recipes. [1]
The review of the literature reveals that there is an intense need for development of the microcontroller
based smart microwave oven system that is more versatile and gives more return on investment. The
development of smart over systems can be carried out with following objectives:
1. Development of a microcontroller based Electric Oven with Recipe, time and temperature control
2. Development of a code for microcontroller in C programming language
3. Development of oven controller with high grade accuracy

© Dept. of EEE & COE, FE, AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH (AIUB)

 During the study of various reports of investigators pertaining to the issues of microwave ovens,
the recommendations observed to be in the following areas:

1) Need to develop a more user friendly microwave oven system

2) Need to develop a more versatile microwave oven system
3) Need to develop a microwave oven system that gives more return on investment

Washing machine:
Introduction:
Washing machine is a machine that quickly washes clothes, linens and other items. Before the invention
of the washing machine, people spent hours doing their laundry by hand. Some people soaked their
clothes in streams and then beat them with rocks to get out the dirt. Later, people scrubbed their laundry
on washing boards. Also people on sea voyages washed their clothes by placing the dirty laundry in a
strong cloth bag, and tossing it overboard, letting the ship drag the bag for hours. This principle of forcing
water through clothes to remove dirt has been used by people for many centuries and the modern washing
machine can be considered an evolutionary advancement of this technique. All the important parts of the
washing machine are electrically controlled, including the inner drum, the valves, the pump, and the
heating element. The thermostat measures the temperature of the incoming water. If it is cold, the
programmer switches on the heating element. When the water is hot enough, the programmer makes the
drum rotates back and forth, sloshing the clothes through the soapy water. The detergent pulls the dirt
from clothes and traps it in the water. The programmer opens a valve so the water drains from the drums.
Then it switches on the pump to empty the water away. After the washing step, the washing machine
begins rinsing. The programmer opens the water valves again so clean water enters the drums. Set the
program you want and switch on the power. There are basically three steps in a wash cycle: washing,
rinsing and spinning. This is how spinning gets your clothes dry. The pump removes any remaining water
and the wash cycle comes to an end. [2]

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Task is with developing an eco-efficient washing machine with a goal of reducing wash cycle water
usage. In order to meet this goal, we are researching new technologies in the fields of Recirculation of
water and Filtration device. We were worked on the project and perform the tasks of brainstorming
potential designs and decide the best design as defined by IFB criteria. Water scarcity in India increases
day by day with increase in consumption of water in daily life and use of it for fabric cleaning in domestic
and industries increases this water shortage drastically. Due to the limited time scope of the project, one
of the challenges is in selecting the proof of concept for a filtration system to reduce water consumption
while minimizing additional energy consumption. This reduction in water consumption must not forgo
the quality of the wash. In addition, the system must fit within the confines of the pedestal accessory and
allow for attachment into the washer system. Various issues in recirculation of drain water and reuse it in
during load cycles occur like to maintain flow rate, water turbidity, cleanliness, soap content and
biological content in recirculated water. [2]

Function of the Product

The main function of the project is to minimize the Water consumption in IFB Front loading Washing
Machine also to clean the water for recirculation in washing machine cycles. For this the filters are to be
design to deal with removal of detergent from the water, reduce turbidity of water and it should also
maintain the pH level of recirculated water. Function of the product is shown by the layout diagram in
Fig-03

E-SHOP
 Fig-3: Function diagram [2 ]

Possibilities:
Reuse of rinse water, specially the rinse 2 and rinse 3 cycle’s water is having small deviation from the
pH level of neutralized water and it is less contaminated also. [2]

Benefit:
If we only save rinse 3 cycles water i.e. 17 (approx.) litre of water, then annually we can save around
3000 liter’s of water. There are possibilities to clean the rinse 2 cycle water also, and if it happens then
the water consumption will lead to almost half that is required now.[2]
Compiled Customer Needs:
 Ergonomically designed  Less water Usage Last long and easy to maintain  Compact in size  Low
cost  Light weight  Aesthetically good  Require less part for assembly  Easy assembly & dismantling
during replacement  System drain time  Clean water  Robust filter unit  System fit[2]
CONCEPT GENERATION
In investigating ways to meet our design goal, we came up with various conceptual ideas focused entirely
on reducing the amount of water in the wash cycle. To do so, we explored the logistics of the wash cycle,
and divided the concepts into distinct categories describing the subsidiary functions of the design. These
functions are outlined in following Morphological Chart shown in Figure.3 Note that this Morphological
Chart has been adapted from their traditional purpose to fit the needs of our team. Rather than using it to
define various subsystems, we plan to use it to generate potential ideas and designs. This chart provided a
broad representation of all the feasible design options available for integration into the washer system[2]
Concept no.1

Fig. no 4 concept 1 [2]

Concept no.2

Fig. no 5.Concept no.2 [2]

© Dept. of EEE & COE, FE, AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH (AIUB)

Concept no.3

Fig. no 6 Concept no.3 [2]

Concept no.4

Fig. no 6 Concept no.4 [2]

Concept no.5

Fig. no 8 Concept no.5 [2]

Concepts Selection
In product development, we as a development team can be thought of as having three tasks, gathering
information, making decisions and disseminating information. Now task is how the gathered information
is transformed and implemented and also facilitate the forming of a critical aspect of a development
process, i.e. team consensus (an opinion or position reached by a group as a whole). The selection process
is a five step process plus iterations: – Forming consensus on the criteria – Forming consensus on the
alternative. – Ranking alternatives – Evaluating alternative – Attacking the negatives. The above
discussed process can be applied with decision making tools as developed by Pugh. These tools known as
Pugh charts, use minimal evaluation scale and ranking matrices. Pugh charts are the most effective known
tools for preliminary concept screening when there is minimal information quality available. They are
also effective as the information quality increases and the selection scale is refined. The goal of any
selection process is to obtain as much information and concept details as cycle time and resources permit.
[2]

E-SHOP
Conclusion :
In this experiment we are basically learn about washing machine and microwave oven. The two machine
are very necessary in our day to work. In this lab report basically I want to show how we improve our two
machine .1st I have discussed about microwave oven 2nd part I have discuss about front load washing
machine. basically washing machine are two type top load and front load front load is more power
efficient that’s why I discuss about front load washing machine how we can improve it and we cost less
water for washing our cloth.

References:
[1] Dilip Ingole, M. A. (2015). Application Potential for Developments in Microwave Oven Systems.
International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2(3), 11–13.
https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/ijeee-v2i3p104
[2] Susheel Singh Kshatriya, & Diplesh Gautam. (2016). Quality Improvement of the Front Loading
Washing Machine using Concept of Design. International Journal of Engineering Research And, V5(04).
https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv5is040393

© Dept. of EEE & COE, FE, AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH (AIUB)