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Chapter 13. Thermal Properties of Matter

Notes on Physics

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Denil Gwedegwe
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63 views45 pages

Chapter 13. Thermal Properties of Matter

Notes on Physics

Uploaded by

Denil Gwedegwe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Learning Outcomes: Candidates should be able te 1. describe a rise in temperature of a body in terms of an increase in internal energy (random thermal energy). ine the terms heat capacity and specific heat capacity. culate heat transferred using the formula thermal energy heat capacity x change in temperatur lidification and boiling/condensation in terms of nergy transfer without a change in temperature. ate the meaning of melting point and boiling point. . explain the difference between boiling and evaporation. . define the terms /atent heat and specific latent heat, | sear @ «iy i) (i) Heat supplied by heater for melting, Q, = ml, = (50) (336) = 168001 (ii) Heat supplied by heater to change the temperature from 0°C to 100°C, Q,=me Ad = (50) (4.2) (100) = 210005 (iii) Heat supplied by heater for boiling, Q, = ml, = (50) (2250) = 1125003 (a) Total amount of heat supplied by heater,Q =Q, +Q,+Q, = 16800 + 21000 + 112.500 = 1503005 (Answer) upplied by heater, Q Time taken, t (b) Power of the heater, P = 150300 30 x 60 =835W (Answer) * Melting point and Boiling point of a substance are affected by pressure, ~ High pressure lowers the melting point of a substance and vice versa. — High pressure increases the boiling point of a substance and vice versa. * Impurities, added to a substance, also increase the boiling point of the sub: SECTION A: MULTIPLES CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is a unit of heat capacity? AJ B. kg/d Cc. Wk D. re 2. Four beakers A, B,C and D cont - capacities. All the supplied to each beaker for 5 minutés. in liquids of different masses and of different heat 'ids have an initial temperature of 20°C. Same amount of heat is Which of the following liquids has the smallest heat capacity A. B. Cc. D. el LB temperature=21°C temperature= 22°C temperature=26°C temperature: 3. A metal of heat capicity 300 J/°C is heated to raise its temperature by 20°C, What is the amount of heat supplied to the metal? A. 15d B. 320] C. 2805 D.. 6000 4. The heat capacities of four substances A, B,C and D are listed below. Which substance is the worst conductor of heat? | “Substance 7 Heat capa | D. 1000 J/°C 2 kg of water has a heat capacity of x J/*C. What is the heat capacity, in terms of of 500 g of water? Ax Cc. 250x x 4 ‘The heat capacity of a substance depends on A. the al temperature of the substance. B. the final temperature of the substance. CC. the mass of the substance. D. the amount of heat supplied to the substance Which of the following has the largest heat capaci A. 10g of copper B. 10g of water C. 200 g of copper D. 200g of water An immersion heater, rated 100 W, How much heat is supplied to the water? A. 51 B. 12) c. 20003 D. 1200005 used to heat water in a plastic beaker for 20 minute ‘The temperature of a body increases A. when its internal energy increases, B. when the speeds of the molecules in the body are decreased CC. when it internal energy decreases. D. when the speeds of the molecules in the body stay constant. ‘The temperature of cooking oil increases at a faster rate than the same mass of water whe equal amount of heat is supplied to them because A. water has a higher specific heat capacity than cooking B. cooking oil has larger heat capacity than water. C. water has a lower heat capacity. D. cooking oil has a higher specific heat capacity than water. Which of the following equations shows how the heat capacity C, of a mass m, of copper block and its specific heat capacity, ¢, are related? A. m=Cxe B. C=cexm C. e=Cxm Dp. c=" 12, The specific heat capacity ¢, of a body is related to Q, m and AO, in an eq shown below. Q=me Ag Which of the following give the correct meaning of Q and A@ in the above equation? Tn Tea ital temperature | Final temperature | temperature | Change in temperature 13, A metal block of mass 200 g is initially at a temperature of 90°C. The block is immersed completely into 50 cm’ of a liquid of density 3.0 g/cm? and an initial temperature of 10°C. ‘The specific heat capacity of the liquid is four times greater than that of the metal block. What is the final temperature of the metal block and the liquid? A. 30°C B. 40°C Cc. 60°C D. 120°C 14. An immersion heater is switched on for 5 minutes and it delivers a power of 100 W to heat 250 g of water which has an initial temperature of 20°C. What is the final temperature of the water? (The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 I/kg*C.) A. 368°C B. 486°C c. so°c D. 100°C 15. A body absorbs 2000 J of thermal energy from a heat source. The heat capacity of the body is 80.1/°C. Which information about the body is needed to calculate its specific heat capacity of the A. final temperature. B. initial temperature. C. change in temperature. D. mass. 16, A metal cube of mass 200 g is heated by means of an immersion heater at a rate of 150 J/s. The temperature increases from 15°C to 25°C. Given that the specific heat capacity of the metal cube is 550 J/g °C, what is the time taken to heat the metal cube? A. 13 minutes B. 25 minutes C. 122 minutes D._ 200 minutes 3 - PHYSICS TODA’ ee A liquid of mass 5 kg is cooled from 20°C to 8°C. the surroundings is 60000 J, what i en that the amount of heat loss to the specific heat capacity of the liquid? A. 429 Jikg°C B. 1000 Wkg°C C. 4000 kg°C D. 12000 I/kg°c 18, A thin glass tube contains 50 cm* of air of density 0.0008 g/cm’ and specific heat capacity 12 J/g °C. The glass tube is dipped completely, for two minutes, into hot water which transfers thermal energy to the air at a rate of 0.5 J each minute. ‘What is the rise in temperature of the a A. 208°C B. 25°C c. 30°C D. 5°C 19. The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is measured in AL WK B. Ig C. Ike K D. Is 20. Asolid substance of mass x g absorbs y J of thermal energy to change its state to a liquid at its melting point. Whaat is the specific latent heat of fusion, L,, of the substance? AL, B. L=x+y ce L=2 D. u(2) 21. 20 g of steam condenses and accumulates on the inner surface of a lid. Given that the specific latent heat of vaporisation of steam is 2250 J/g, what is the amount heat loss by the steam to its surroundings? A. 11257 B. 2230) - Cc. 22703 D. 450005 22. 200 cm’ of water at a temperature of 30°C is added to another 200 cm* of water at a temperature of 50°C, Which of the following is correct about the mixture of water? A. The temperature falls to 20°C. a B. The temperature rises to 80°C. % | CC. Heat is transferred from the water at 50°C to the water at 39°C. D. The temperature of the 30°C increases to 50°C 23. 25. Steam is passed through a vertical pipe dipped in water at 50°C as shown below. steam ! pipe water (initially at 50°C) ‘at happen to the mass of water and the final temperature? i i inal empeaine ] Unchanged Unchanged Increases Increases, i | Decreases In an experiment, 2 kg of water is heated constantly until it dries up completely. Name the process when the temperature stays constant during the experiment. B. Boiling D. Melting Unchanged Increases ‘A. Condensation C. Freezing ‘A-cylindrical copper block of mass 500 g is heated and its temperature rises by 30 K. Given that the final temperature is 90°C, what was the initial temperature, in degree Celsius, of the copper block? A. 60°C B. 120°C c. 153°C D. -213°C | 26. Which of the following involves the absorption of latent heat? Ice Tee Water |__s Water Steam 20°C P orc Q orc R roorc | “5 — | 100°C A. AtPandQ B. AtQandR C. AtPand$ D. AtQand$ Four substances A, B, C and D have different melting points and boiling points as shown below. Which substance is a solid at 30°C? 600°C 2250°C Hisre, | 1000°C 28. When a gas is converted into a liquid state, thermal energy A. is released from the body. B. is absorbed by the body. CC. of the body stays constant. D. is converted to kinetic energy of the body. 29. An ice cube of mass 50 g at 0°C is placed on a table for 10 minutes and all the ice is converted to water at 0°C. What amount of thermal energy is absorbed by the ice? The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 J/g. A. 6725 B. 2863 C. 3865 D. 168005 30, Which of the following graphs below shows the freezing of pure water and condensation of steam? A. B. c Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature CO, 0), eC) 0), 100 100 100 00 hot liquid is left to coo! to room temperature and its temperature is recorded at a regular time interval. At which position is the liquid at its freezing point? Temperature OA D 4 ne Time Which of the following involves the release of latent heat of fusion? Gas Liquid Liquid “Solid 68°C A 68° B -120°¢] “| =a20ee| A substance undergoes a phase change from solid to gas, passing through the liquid state. In which process does the substance co-exist in both solid and liquid states? A. Evaporation B. Melting C. Boiling D. Condensation A liquid is gradually converted into its gaseous state as the temperature increases. Name the process that takes place when the liquid is converted into its gaseous state. A. Evaporition B. Boiling C. Melting D. Sublimation A substance loses thermal energy into the atmosphere when it undergoes a change of state from gas to liquid at constant temperature. ‘The thermal energy released by the gas is known as A. heat loss. B. latent heat of fusion of the substance. C. latent heat of vaporisation of the substance. D. condensation During a phase’ change from solid to liquid, latent heat is absorbed. Which statement below about this process is true? A. The temperature rises. B. The average translational kinetic energy stays constant C.. The average translational kinetic energy increases D.. The internal energy falls. 37. The graph below shows a cooling curve of a gas. Temperature Which sections of the graph shows latent heat is released? il A. PQand TU B. QRand RS C. $Tand QR D. RSandTU 38. The heating curve below shows the melting and boiling of a substance. Temperature 39. 40, ‘Which sections of the graph show no change in kinetic energy of the substance and which sections indicates an increasing kinetic energy of the substance? (ii) and (iv) (@ and (iv) (i) and (ii) (i) and (ii), D. | Gi) and (iv) | Which of the following gives the correct explanation about the absorption of latent heat during melting? A. There is bond formation between molecules in the solid state. B. The forces between the molecules in the solid state are overcome. C. The temperature of the substance in the liquid state rises. D. The internal energy of the substance decreases. A substance of mass 0.5 kg undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid at its melting point. After 5 minutes the mass of the substance in the solid state is 0.2 kg. At what rate is heat supplied to the solid, given that the specific latent heat of fusion of the substance is 500 ke? A. 031s B. OSJis C. 08s D. 305s SECTION B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS Y FORO. 1 ‘A copper container, initially at 18°C, is heated to a temperature of 30°C. Given that the amount of heat supplied to the copper container is 7200 J, calculate the heat capacity. Heat capacity = An electric kettle supplies heat at a rate of 900 J per second. The water, of heat capacity 4.200 JC, initially at a temperature of 20°C, is heated for 2 minutes. (a) What is meant by the term ‘heat capacity"? (b) How much heat is produced by the kettle in 10 minutes? Amount of heat = (c) Calculate the final temperature of the water. Final temperature = (d) What additional time is needed for the water to reach its boiling point? A liquid is heated so that its temperature rises by 30°C. The amount of heat supplied to the liquid is 6000 J. (a) Given thatthe final temperature of the liquid is 56°C, what was ts initial temperature? Initial temperature = (©) Calculate the heat capacity of the liquid, Heat capacity A block of ice at a temperature of -40°C is heated to a temperature of -20°C, The heat capacity of the ice is 2100 1/°C. (@) What is the change in temperature? Change in temperature (b) Calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the ice, Heat absorbed = (c) State whether the ice is still a solid block or has melted. 6. A refrigerator extracts 90 J of heat from the freezing compartment every second. When the refrigerator is switched on, the initial temperature of the substances inside the compartment is 30°C and the refrigerator operates for 10 minutes. (a) Calculate the amount of heat extracted from the freezing compartment in 10 minutes. Heat extracted = (b) For a substance of mass 3 kg and specific heat capacity 1000 J/kg°C, what is its final temperature reached? Final temperature = A metal block of mass 2 kg is heated and its temperature rises by 15°C. The metal block has a specific heat capacity of 250 J/kg °C. What is the amount of heat needed to cause this temperature rise? Amount of heat = The diagram below shows a metal rod of machinery parts that is unable to pass through a metal ring as both are of same diameter. An engineer suggests heating the metal ring so that metal rod the temperature rise is at least 22.5°C for the metal rod to pass through it. The mass of the metal ring is 0.250 kg and its specific heat capacity is 500 Ikg°C. metal ring 8, ‘Why did the engineer suggest heating the metal ring instead of the metal rod? Write down the formula relating specific heat capacity, heat energy, mass and (b) temperature change. Calculate the amount of heat energy needled to cause this temperature rise. © Heat energy = ‘A metal rod of mass 150 g is heated such that its temperature rises from 15°C to 90°C. Given that the rod gains 2000 J of thermal energy, (a) calculate the change in temperature. Change in temperature = (b) calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal rod. . UkgeC Specific heat capacity = (a) Why did the engineer suggest heating the metal ring instead of the metal rod? (b) Write down the formula relating specific heat capacity, heat energy, mass and temperature change. (©) Calculate the amount of heat energy needled to cause this temperature rise Heat energy = 8. A metal rod of mass 150 g is heated such that its temperature rises from 15°C to 90°C. 1s 2000 J of thermal energy, Given that the rod ga (a) calculate the change in temperature: Change in temperature = (6) calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal rod. . WkgeC Specific heat capacity = .. Acontainer contains 0.5 kg of a liquid X at a temperature of 20°C. Itis kept in arefti and its temperature falls by 18°C after losing 4 x 10" J of its internal energy. (a) Whatis the final temperature of liquid X? Final temperature = (b) Calculate the specific heat capacity of the liquid X. Specific heat capacity = (©) How much heat must be supplied to the liquid X, when it is removed fro reftigerator, to raise its temperature to 100°C? Heat = .... 10. An electric kettle operates for 3 minutes and supplies heat at a rate of 200 Iis to 800 g of water. The initial temperature of the water is 30°C, (a) Whats the rise in temperature? Rise in temperature (b) Write down the power developed by the kettle, Power (c) Calculate the total amount of heat energy required to boil the water. ‘Total amount of heat energy (d)_ Calculate the specific heat capacity of the water. Specific heat capacity = A solid block of ice of mass 500 g at a temperature of -20°C is left in the open air at an atmospheric temperature of 20°[Link] specific heat capacity of ice is 1.2 J/g °C. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the ice, given that the temperature of the ice increases to 0°C. Heat absorbed = ‘A metal block has a specific heat capacity of 600 J/kg°C. It is immersed in a liquid of specific heat capacity 3000 J/kg °C and having an initial temperature of 25°C. (a) What is meant by the statement “A metal has a specific heat capacity of 600 kg °C"? (b) The thermal energy loss by the metal block is 9000 J and it has a mass of 0.5 kg. ‘The liquid and the metal block, both reach the same temperature, (i) Calculate the fall in temperature of the metal. Fall in temperature = )) Given that the mass of the liquid is twice that of the metal, what is the final temperature of the liquid? Final temperature (iii) Hence, write down the initial temperature of the metal. (©) The metal is now removed from the liquid and it is heated again and then immersec in the liquid which is again at 25°C. If the boiling point of the liquid is 88°C, what is the minimum temperature of the metal required for the liquid to reach its boiling point? (Assuming the thermal energy loss by the metal is all absorbed by the liquid) Mi jum temperature = | 13. A vehicle of mass 2000 kg travels at a speed of 20 mis along a level road. The vehicle k ‘comes to a halt by applying a sharp brake. ! (a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the vehicle during its motion. Kinetic energy = ‘The brake pads get heated during braking and its temperature rises from 30°C to 50°C. Given that the mass of one of the brake pads is 200 g, calculate the specific heat capacity of the brake pad. Specific heat capacity = ‘A copper pipe contains 200 g of aleohol with the same initial temperature of 30°C and it is exposed to sunlight. After 5 minutes the alcohol reaches its boiling point. The copper absorbs thermal energy from the sunlight at a rate of 80 J/s. The copper pipe reaches temperature of 10°C greater than the boiling alcohol. (a) What is meant by boiling point? What is the amount of heat absorbed by the copper pipe? Heat absorbed = Given that alcohol has a specific heat capacity of 2500 J/kg °C, calculate its boiling point. Boiling point = Hence, calculate the heat capacity of the copper pipe. Heat capacity = 16. A metal block of mass 200 g, initially at 15°C, is immersed in a beaker containing water at a temperature of 90°C. The metal block and the water reach the same final temperature. The specific heat capacity of water and the metal block are 4200 J/kg °C and 700 Wkg °C respectively. The amount of heat energy of the water decreases by 10000 J. Assuming that the heat transfer occurs between the metal block and the water only, (a) what is the final temperature of the water? Final temperature = «2.0.00 (b) calculate the mass of water in the beaker, Mass of water = Anelectric kettle, of negligible heat capacity, operates for 50 s to boil 0.8 kg of water that is initially at 20°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C. (a) State the final temperature of the water. Final temperature = (b) Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil the water. Heat (©) Hence, calculate the power delivered by the kettle, Power = .. 18. ‘An aluminium calorimeter contains 200 g of water at 27°C. An immersion heater, supplying heat at a power of 200 W, is used to heat the water so that it starts to boil. The ium calorimeter is 170 J/°C and the specific heat capacity of heat capacity of the alumi water is 4.2 I/g°C. (a) Calculate the heat absorbed by the water. Heat absorbed by water (b) Calculate the heat absorbed by the aluminium calorimeter. Heat absorbed by aluminium calorimeter = (©) How long does it take to raise the temperature to its boiling point? Time = ‘Two beakers containing equal volume of water, one is at a temperature of 90°C and the other one is at 30°C, are mixed up. (a) What is the final temperature of the mixture? Final temperature = A third beaker contains twice the volume of water in one of the above beakers. The final temperature reached, when the water is added to the above mixture, is 70°C. What is the initial temperature of the water in the third beaker? (b) Initial temperature During a power cut a child keeps the door of a refrigerator opened for 10 minutes. The initial temperature of the air inside the refrigerator is -4°C. The temperature outside is at 30°C. The cool air gradually gets warmed at arate of 10 J/s. The specific heat capacity of air is 1000 Ikg°C. (a) Given that the final temperature of the air inside the refrigerator becomes equal to the outside air temperature, calculate the mass of cool air inside the refrigerator? (b) The door is now closed and the power is on. The temperature of air is lowered to —8°C in 15 minutes, What is the power at which heat is extracted by the freezing compartment? Power = sessssatienin (c) State an assumption made in the above calculations. 20. 30 g of ice at 0°C is put in a copper calorimeter of mass 150 g and containing 84 g of water initially at 35°C. The final temperature of the water is 8°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C and the specific latent heat of fusion of i 336000 J/kg. (@) Calculate the heat energy required to melt the ice, Heat energy = (b) State the mass of water in the glass. Mas (c) What is the heat gained by the melted watér? Heat gained (d) Calculate the heat loss by the water in the calorimeter. Heat loss = (©) Calculate the spe y of the copper calorimeter. - Specific heat capacity = . A copper cube of mass 550 g., initially at 150°C, is immersed completely into 500 ¢ water, having an initial temperature of 8°C, in a glass beaker. The glass beaker and contents reach the same final temperature. The heat gained by the water is 25200 J The specific heat capacity of copper, glass and water is 385 Jke°C, 677 Hkg°C 2 4200 Jkg°C respectively. (a) What is the final temperature of the water? Final temperature = (b) Calculate the heat loss by the copper cube. Heat loss = (c) Hence, calculate the mass of the glass beaker, Mass = (@)__ State one assumption made, for the above calculations to be correct. Heat energy is required during a phase change from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas. y (a) Name the physical quantity that stays constant during the above phase change. (©) Name the heat energy involvéd in each phase change and state whether heat is absorbed or released in each case? ‘The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is 500 ki/kg and its specific latent heat of vaporisation is 3500 ki/kg. (a) What is meant by (i) specific latent heat of fusion of a substance? (ii) specific latent heat of vaporisation of a substance? (©) The diagram below shows how the substance in its solid state is converted to its liquid state at its melting point. The liquid in the container is heated t point and the liquid changes its state to vapour. The solid substance has a mass of boil ng, 20 g. Calculate the mass of the vapour that melts the entire solid. lid | gas solid }- container liquid Mass of vapour = am below shows the cooling graph of a substance ‘Temperature/°C Timermin (a) State whether the substance is a gas, liquid or solid at a temperature of @ -8°C: Gi) -1°C: (i) 0°: (iv) 20°C: (b)_ What is meant by boiling point of a substance? (c) Write down the melting point and boiling point of the substance, Melting point Boiling poini (4) Given that the specific heat capacity of the substance in its solid state 1000 J/kg °C and its specific latent heat of fusion is 2.500 J/kg, calculate the amou of heat needed to change 50 g of the substance, at -20 °C, from its solid sta } completely to its liquid state. 25. An ice cube of mass 100 at a temperature of -20°C. Heat is supplied to the ice cube at a constant rate and it undergoes a change of state from solid to liquid and finally to gas, as illustrated in the temperature-time graph below. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 J/g. Temperature"C 100) 0 33 Timelmin -20] (a) Calculate the power at which the heat energy is supplied? {b) (©) Power Calculate the specific heat capacity of the ice. Specific heat capacity = Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of the water Specific latent heat of vapor (d)_ What is the total amount of heat absorbed during the change of state from solid to gas? ‘Total amount of heat absorbed = 26. 1 kg of water, at a temperature of 4°C, is removed from a refrigerator and the water is poured into a dry empty plastic beaker, of negligible heat capacity, placed on a table. The beaker is covered at the top. Droplets of water are seen to accumulate on the external surface of the beaker. (a) Explain the presence of water droplets on the external surface of the beaker (b) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.25 x 10° J/kg and 30 g of water drops sticks on the surface of the beaker. Calculate the heat gain by the cold water. Heat gai (©) Hence, what is the rise in temperature of the water in the beaker? 200 kg °C] Rise in temperature = 27. Aman comes out of sea water after a swim. He does not wipe out the droplets of sea water from his body. After a while he starts feeling cold as his body dries out. (@) Name the process by which the body dries out AMAL PR (b) (c) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2250 J/g and the amount of ! | heat absorbed from the body for complete dry out at a given temperature is | 490000 J. Assume that no heat is absorbed by the water droplets from the atmosphere | (i) Calculate the mass of sea water on his body. Mas: (ii) What is the specific heat capacity of the man’s body, given that his body . has a mass of 70 kg and his temperature decreases by 5°C? Specific heat capacity = .. After 2 hours the mass of 28, A glass plate containing 500 g of water is placed in open a water decreases to 350 g. (i) Explain why the mass of water decreases? (ii) Write down two ways by which the rate of the decrease in mass of the water can be increased. 29. (ii) Given that the atmospheric temperature stays constant and the specific | heat of vaporisation of water is 2250 J/g, at wl hat rate is thermal en absorbed for this change in mass? Rate of thermal energy absorbed A glass, of negligible heat capacity, contains 375 Crushed ice, of mass 100 g, at a temperature of. temperature of the beverage is 8°C. £ of beverage at a temperature of 30 —4°C is added to the beverage. The f The specific heat capacity of ice is 2060 J/kg*C, the specific latent heat of fusion of is 334 Ki/kg and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.200 Ikg°C. () Calculate the heat gained by the ice in reaching its melting point Heat gained (b) Calculate the heat gained by the melted ice. Heat gained (©) What is the total heat loss by the beverage? ‘Total heat loss = (A) What is the specific heat capacity of the beverage? Specific heat capacit 30. Aplastic beaker, of mass 75 g and negligible heat capacity, contains water at a temperature of 40°C. The beaker is placed on a top pan electronic balance and steam is allowed to pass through a pipe as shown in the diagram below. ‘The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2250 kW/kg and the spe capacity of water is 4.2 kI/kg°C. glass tube steam boiling flask water t flame (a) What is the initial mass of the water in the beaker? water electronic balance Initial mass of water = .. (b) What is the mass of the condensed steam? Mass of condensed water = (c) Calculate the amount of heat released by the steam during condensation. Heat released (@)_ What is the final temperature of the water in the beake Final temperature = 31. Acopper calorimeter of mass 200 g contains 50 em’ of oil of density 0.8 g/em?. The initial temperature of the oil and the copper calorimeter is 30°C. An immersion heater is used to heat the oil. Heat is supplied at a rate of 50 J/s. The final temperature reached by the oil is 130°C. The specific heat capacity of copper and oil is 385 J/kg °C and 2000 J/kg°C respectively. Assume no heat loss to the surroundings. (a) Calculate the mass of oil used. Mass of oil = (b) What is the amount of heat absorbed by the oil and the copper calorimeter? | Heat absorbed = (c)_ For how long does the heater operate for the oil to reach 130°C? ‘Time taken = (d) A test-tube of negligible heat capacity contains 15 g of naphthalene in its solid state at 40°C. The test-tube is dipped in the oil in the calorimeter such that the naphthalene is completely immersed in the oil. The melting point of naphthalene is 80°C. ‘The specific heat capacity of naphthalene is 1.72 kJ/kg°C, its specific latent heat of fusion is 1.7 x 10° J/kg and the specific heat capacity of naphthalene liquid is 2.16 x 108 Jkg°C. (i Calculate the amount of heat lost by the oil for the naphthalene to reach its melting point. Heat lost = (ii) What is the temperature of the oil when the naphthalene reaches its melting point? ‘Temperature of oil (iii) Calculate the amount of heat required to melt all the naphthalene. Heat = (iv) The oil and the naphthalene reach the same final temperature. Calculate the final temperature. Final temperature =

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