ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Q1. WHAT IS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING?

lectrical engineering is the study and application of electricity, electronics, and
electromagnetism to design, develop, and use electrical systems, devices, and
technologies. Electrical engineers use their knowledge of electricity to create and
manage electrical systems for a wide range of applications, including: power
transformation and transmission electromagnetism telecommunication system
control aerospace

Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture of

electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar and navigation systems,
communications systems, or power generation equipment. Electrical engineers also
design the electrical systems of automobiles and aircraft.

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

THERE ARE FEW TYPES OF EE:

control engineering
computer eng.
electronics eng.
instrumental eng.
photonic and optic eng.
power and energy eng.
signal processing eng.

SUBJECTS IN EE:
IN INTERMEDIATE LEVEL:
Math (calculus , algebra , differential equations , statistics etc )
physics (thermodynamics , optics , electromagnetism etc)
chemistry (general and physical chemistry )
English (Optional or Required depending on the institution)

SUBJECTS CARRIES IN EE:

1. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering:
 Circuit Theory: The study of basic electrical circuits, laws, and analysis
methods like Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Current and Voltage Laws.
 Mathematic for Electrical Engineering: Includes calculus, differential
equations, linear algebra, complex numbers, and Laplace Transforms.
 Electromagnetism: Fundamentals of electric and magnetic fields,
Maxwell’s equations, electromagnetic waves, and waveguides
2. Analog and Digital Electronics

 Analog Electronics: Study of components like diodes, transistors,

operational amplifiers, and analog signal processing.
 Digital Electronics: Topics include Boolean algebra, logic gates, flip-
flops, multiplexers, and digital signal processing.
 Electronic Devices and Circuits: Focus on semiconductor devices,
amplifiers, oscillators, and their applications in various circuits

3. Control Systems
 Control Theory: Concepts such as feedback, stability, and control
system design (both analog and digital controllers).
 Automated Control Systems: Includes PID controllers, state-space
representation, and applications in robotics and process control.
4. Renewable Energy Systems

 Solar Energy Systems: Study of photovoltaic cells, solar panels, and

systems for generating electricity from sunlight.
 Wind Energy Systems: Focus on wind turbines, energy conversion,
and integration into the power grid.
 Energy Storage: Involves batteries, supercapacitors, and other
energy storage technologies to balance energy generation and
demand.

5. Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation

 Measurement Techniques: Study of instruments like voltmeters,

ammeters, oscilloscopes, and the principles of accurate electrical
measurement.
 Sensors and Instrumentation: The application of sensors for
measuring parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow, and
how they interface with electrical systems.

.JOB POSITIONS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. Electrical Engineer

 Description: Electrical Engineers design, develop, and maintain

electrical systems and equipment. They work on power generation,
distribution, and electrical circuits.
 Industries: Power generation, electrical utilities, manufacturing,
construction, etc.

2. Power Systems Engineer

 Description: These engineers specialize in the generation,

transmission, and distribution of electrical power. They work on
power grids, substations, and renewable energy systems.
 Industries: Energy companies, utilities, renewable energy, power
plant operations.

3. Control Systems Engineer

  Description: Focuses on the design and implementation of control
systems for industrial processes, machinery, and automation systems.
 Industries: Manufacturing, automation, robotics, process control,
aerospace.

4. Electronics Engineer

 Description: Involves designing and testing electronic circuits,

devices, and systems, including semiconductors, microelectronics,
and embedded systems.
 Industries: Consumer electronics, telecommunications, embedded
systems, semiconductor companies.

5. Instrumentation Engineer

 Description: Specializes in the design and maintenance of

instruments used to measure and control electrical parameters in
systems like temperature, pressure, and flow.
 Industries: Manufacturing, oil and gas, chemical plants, automation.

6. Telecommunications Engineer

 Description: Responsible for designing and managing communication

systems such as phone lines, internet systems, and satellite networks.
 Industries: Telecom companies, IT services, broadcasting, satellite
communication.

7. Automation Engineer

 Description: Works on automating manufacturing processes,

including robots, control systems, and the integration of automation
technologies in industries.
 Industries: Manufacturing, automotive, robotics, aerospace.

8. VLSI Design Engineer

 Description: Focuses on designing Very Large Scale Integrated

circuits (VLSI), which are used in the production of microchips and
processors.
 Industries: Semiconductor industry, consumer electronics, and
computer hardware companies.

9. Renewable Energy Engineer

  Description: Specializes in designing and implementing renewable
energy systems like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
 Industries: Renewable energy companies, environmental
organizations, research institutions.

10. Embedded Systems Engineer

 Description: Develops software and hardware systems for embedded

systems, such as microcontrollers, sensors, and devices.
 Industries: Automotive, healthcare, robotics, telecommunications,
consumer electronics.

11. Systems Engineer

 Description: Works on the integration of different subsystems to

create a fully functional electrical system. They ensure all components
of a system work together effectively.
 Industries: Aerospace, defense, manufacturing, automation.

Job Opportunities by Industry:

 Power & Utilities: Electrical engineers are highly sought after in

energy production and distribution companies (e.g., power plants, grid
management).
 Manufacturing: Electrical engineers play a key role in automating
and improving manufacturing processes, equipment, and systems.
 Telecommunications: Engineers in this field work on designing and
maintaining communication networks, including cellular, satellite, and
internet infrastructure.
 Consumer Electronics: Electrical engineers develop electrical
components and systems for devices such as smartphones, televisions,
and home appliances.

Automotive & Aerospace: Involved in the design and maintenance
of electrical systems for vehicles and aircraft, including power
distribution and control systems.

Career Growth and Specializations:

 Mid-level Roles: With experience, electrical engineers can move into roles
like Senior Engineer, Lead Engineer, or Project Manager.
 Higher-level Roles: These include positions such as Engineering Manager,
Technical Director, or Chief Technology Officer (CTO).
 Entrepreneurship: Some electrical engineers choose to start their own
companies in fields such as energy, automation, or electronics.
JOBS IN PAKISTAN FOR AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

[Link] and Energy Sector

o Power Plant Engineer: Works at power plants to generate and
distribute electricity.
o Renewable Energy Engineer: Works on solar, wind, and other
renewable energy sources.
o Electrical Distribution Engineer: Ensures electricity reaches homes
and businesses safely.

2. Telecommunications
o Telecom Engineer: Maintains mobile phone and internet networks.
o Network Engineer: Manages the installation and maintenance of
networks.

[Link] and Automation

o Automation Engineer: Works on robots and machines that automate
production.
o Electrical Maintenance Engineer: Ensures electrical systems in
factories and industries work smoothly.

[Link] and Infrastructure

o Electrical Design Engineer: Designs electrical systems for buildings
and other infrastructure.
o Site Engineer: Manages electrical work at construction sites.

[Link] Electronics
o Electronics Engineer: Works on designing electrical gadgets like
smartphones and home appliances.

[Link] and Aerospace

o Avionics Engineer: Designs electrical systems for airplanes and
spacecraft.
o Defense Engineer: Works on electrical systems for military
equipment.

[Link] and Development

o R&D Engineer: Works on new technology and innovations in electrical
engineering.

[Link] and Project Management

 o Electrical Consultant: Advises businesses on electrical system
o improvements.
Project Manager: Manages large electrical engineering projects.

[Link] Hiring Electrical Engineers in Pakistan

oWAPDA, K-Electric, Siemens, PTCL, and General Electric (GE).

Skills Needed:

 Knowledge of electrical systems and circuits.

 Ability to use design software like AutoCAD and MATLAB.
 Strong problem-solving and teamwork skills.

Salary Expectations:

 Entry-Level: Around PKR 40,000 – 60,000 per month.

 Mid-Level: PKR 60,000 – 120,000 per month.
 Senior Engineers: PKR 120,000 – 200,000+ per month.

Conclusion:

Electrical engineers in Pakistan can work in power, telecom, manufacturing,

construction, and many other industries. The field offers good job prospects,
especially in renewable energy and automation.

COMPANIES WHO HIRE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER IN

PAKISTAN

1. WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority)

 Industry: Energy and Power

 Roles: Power Plant Engineer, Electrical Maintenance Engineer, Power
Systems Engineer

2. K-Electric

 Industry: Power and Energy

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Distribution Engineer, Control Systems Engineer

3. Siemens Pakistan
  Industry: Engineering and Technology
 Roles: Electrical Design Engineer, Automation Engineer, Project Engineer

4. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL)

 Industry: Telecommunications
 Roles: Telecom Engineer, Network Engineer, RF Engineer

5. Fauji Fertilizer Company

 Industry: Manufacturing (Fertilizers)

 Roles: Electrical Maintenance Engineer, Automation Engineer

6. General Electric (GE)

 Industry: Power, Energy, and Industrial Solutions

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Project Engineer, Power Systems Engineer

7. Engro Corporation

 Industry: Chemicals, Energy, Agriculture

 Roles: Electrical Design Engineer, Process Control Engineer, Power Systems
Engineer

8. Thar Coal & Energy Development Company

 Industry: Energy
 Roles: Power Plant Engineer, Electrical Systems Engineer

9. Hub Power Company

 Industry: Power Generation

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Power Systems Engineer

10. National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK)

 Industry: Consulting and Engineering Services

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Project Engineer, Electrical Design Engineer

11. Dawn Group of Companies

 Industry: Media & Power Generation

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Maintenance Engineer, Power Distribution
Engineer

12. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)

  Industry: Nuclear Power
 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Power Plant Engineer, Maintenance Engineer

13. Pak Elektron Limited (PEL)

 Industry: Electronics and Electrical Appliances

 Roles: Electrical Design Engineer, Product Development Engineer

14. Crescent Bahuman

 Industry: Textile Manufacturing

 Roles: Electrical Maintenance Engineer, Automation Engineer

15. Atlas Honda

 Industry: Automobile Manufacturing

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Automation Engineer
16. Zorlu Enerji

Industry: Renewable Energy


 Roles: Solar Power Engineer, Electrical Systems Engineer

17. ABB Pakistan

 Industry: Electrical Equipment and Automation

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Automation Engineer, Project Engineer

18. Telenor Pakistan

 Industry: Telecommunications
 Roles: Telecom Engineer, Network Engineer, RF Engineer

19. Pak Suzuki Motors

 Industry: Automotive Manufacturing

 Roles: Electrical Engineer, Automation Engineer

20. Agha Steel Industries

 Industry: Steel Manufacturing

 Roles: Electrical Maintenance Engineer, Electrical Systems Engineer
PROJECTS FOR AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
Here’s a simple list of project ideas for electrical engineers:

[Link] Automation System

[Link] Power System
[Link] Power Transfer System
[Link] Lighting System
[Link] Fault Detection System
[Link] Monitoring System
[Link] Vehicle (EV) Charging Station
[Link] Grid System
[Link] Fan Speed Control
10. Power Supply with Voltage Regulation
11. Electricity Generation from Footsteps (Piezoelectric System)
12. Induction Heating System
13. Blind Spot Detection System for Vehicles
14. Battery Management System (BMS)
15. Electric Circuit Simulator
16. Smart Meter for Energy Consumption
17. Wireless Communication System (Bluetooth or Wi-Fi)
18. Power Factor Correction System
19. Motor Control System
20. Energy Harvesting System

SKILLS FOR AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

Personal Skills

1. Problem-Solving
o Ability to think critically and find solutions to complex electrical issues.

[Link] to Detail
o Precision is crucial in electrical engineering, from circuit design to
system troubleshooting.

3. Creativity
o Innovation is important when designing new electrical systems or
improving existing ones.

[Link] Skills
 o Ability to explain technical concepts clearly to non-engineers, and
collaborate with team members.

5. Teamwork
o Ability to work well with others, as electrical engineers often
collaborate in multidisciplinary teams.

[Link] Management
o Being able to prioritize tasks, manage deadlines, and efficiently handle
multiple projects.

7. Adaptability
o Willingness to learn new technologies and adapt to evolving
engineering practices.

[Link] and Perseverance

o Electrical engineering problems can be complex, and persistence is
key to finding the right solutions.

Professional Skills

[Link] Knowledge
Circuito Design: Understanding and designing electrical circuits.
Controlo Systems: Knowledge of automation, feedback systems, and
controlostrategies.
Powero Systems: Familiarity with power generation, transmission, and
distribution.
Electronics: Deep understanding of electronic components and
systems.
[Link] Proficiency

o Simulation Software: Tools like MATLAB, Simulink, and ETAP for

analyzing electrical systems.
o Design Software: AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and PSpice for designing
electrical systems and circuits.
o Programming: Familiarity with languages like C, C++, Python, or
embedded systems programming (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi).

[Link] Management
o Planning and Execution: Ability to manage engineering projects,
ensuring they are completed on time and within budget.
o Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating potential risks in
electrical system design or installation.

[Link] and Diagnostics

 o Strong skills in diagnosing electrical faults and repairing or improving
systems.

[Link] of Safety Standards

o Understanding electrical codes, regulations, and safety procedures to
prevent accidents.

[Link] and Physics

o Proficiency in advanced math and physics principles to solve
engineering problems (e.g., calculus, differential equations,
electromagnetism).

[Link] Analysis
o Ability to analyze data from electrical systems and use it for
optimization and decision-making.

OBSTACLE FACED BY AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

Here’s a simple list of obstacles faced by electrical engineers:

[Link] Technological Changes

[Link] of Projects
[Link] and Resource Constraints
[Link] Hazards
[Link] Working Hours and Stress
[Link] Gaps
[Link] Chain and Equipment Availability
[Link] Expectations and Accountability
[Link] and Regulatory Constraints
10. Ethical Dilemmas
11. Lack of Hands-On Experience
12. Job Market Competition
13. Work-Life Balance

ACADEMIC SKILLS REQUIRED FOR AN ELECTRICAL

ENGINEER

Here’s a list of academic skills essential for an electrical engineer:

1. Mathematics
 o Strong understanding of calculus, differential equations, linear
algebra, and probability to solve engineering problems.
2. Physics
o Knowledge of electromagnetism, circuits, and thermodynamics
is crucial for understanding how electrical systems work.
[Link] Analysis and Design
o Proficiency in analyzing and designing electrical circuits, both
analog and digital.
[Link] Systems
o Understanding of feedback loops, control strategies, and
stability analysis for automated systems.
5. Electronics
o Deep knowledge of electronic components like transistors,
capacitors, and resistors, and their role in circuits.
[Link] Processing
o Ability to work with signals, including analog and digital signals,
and understanding concepts like filtering and modulation.
[Link] Systems
o Knowledge of power generation, transmission, and distribution,
including load analysis and fault detection.
[Link] Programming
o Familiarity with programming languages like C, C++, Python,
or MATLAB to simulate and solve electrical engineering
problems.
[Link] Analysis and Simulation
oSkills in using software tools (e.g., MATLAB, Simulink, PSpice)
for simulation and analysis of electrical systems.
10. Electrical Safety Standards
o Understanding of safety protocols and regulations to ensure the
safe operation of electrical systems.
11. Technical Writing and Documentation
o Ability to create clear, detailed technical reports and
documentation for projects, designs, and research.
12. Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking
o Ability to analyze complex problems, break them down into
smaller parts, and design effective solutions.
13. Project Management
Basic knowledge of project management principles, including
o
time management, cost estimation, and resource allocation.
Communication Skills
14.
Ability to present complex technical ideas in a clear and
o
understandable manner, both orally and in writing.
Research and Innovation
15. Ability to conduct research, stay updated on new technologies,
o and apply innovative solutions in engineering projects.
Summary

 In Pakistan, electrical engineers are crucial for improving infrastructure,

addressing energy challenges, and driving industrial automation. While local
salaries are competitive, they may not match international standards.
 Internationally, electrical engineers are highly valued due to their
involvement in cutting-edge technologies, with lucrative salaries and diverse
career opportunities in fields like renewable energy, smart systems, and
automotive technologies.

Electrical engineering is a highly rewarding profession both in Pakistan

and abroad, with opportunities for growth, innovation, and contributing to
global technological advancements.
-YOU ARE WELCOME YAHYA SAHAB.