Solution

11TH PHYSICS GRAPH

Class 11 - Physics

1. (a)

Explanation: s = ut + 1

2
at
2

1
For u = 0, s = 2
2
at

Hence, s-t graph is a parabola.

2. (b)

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t
Explanation:
t tu
Acceleration, a = dv
dt

where, v is is velocity.
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In the given graph, acceleration is constant for first part of motion.
So, velocity increases uniformly. When, a = 0
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dv
i.e., 0 = dt

v = constant
Thus, we can draw velocity-time graph as
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Co
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3. (d) Average velocity is zero.

Explanation: Let, total displacement from reference point = D
Total time for displacement D = T
Average velocity, reciprocal of total displacement total time. vav ​= D

Because, In diagram, total displacement D = 0

Average velocity, vav ​= = ​= 0 D

T
0

4. (c) 2 : 1
Explanation: Magnitude of slope of distance-time graph gives the speed of the particle.
Slope of line AB, m1 = BO

AO
=
x

Thus speed in first two seconds, v1 ​= ∣m1∣ = x

−BO −x
Slope of line BC, m2 = CO
=
4

Thus speed in first two seconds, v2 ​= ∣m2∣ = x

4
x

v1
Thus ratio of speed v2
=
2

x
=
2

1
4

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 5. (a)

Explanation: As the ball goes up, both gravity and air resistance oppose its motion. So the speed decreases with time till it
becomes zero at the highest point. As the ball falls down, gravitational pull increases its speed but air resistance opposes its
motion. But the net speed increases.
6. (d)

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Explanation: As slope of s − t graph decreases with t, so v − t will decrease. At the top of the graph slope is zero, so velocity is
zero. In the downward journey slope of s − t graph increases negatively. So velocity represented by it will be negative.
7. (a)
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t tu
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Explanation: In one dimensional motion, the body can have at a time one value of velocity but not two values of velocities.
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8. (d) straight line
Explanation: As acceleration (g) remains constant throughout, the velocity-time graph is a straight line.
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9. (c) E
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Explanation: Instantaneous velocity,

ds
v =
Co

dt

= Slope of the displacement-time curve at any instant.

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Slope and hence instantaneous velocity is negative at point E.

10. (b)

Explanation:
Area under a - t curve = Change in velocity
For constant acceleration, v ∝ t
As a is first +ve and then -ve, so the correct v - t graph is the one given in option.

11. (a)

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 Explanation: Except for graph, other graphs show more than one velocity of the particle at single instant of time which is not
possible for realistic situation.
12. (c) 20 m
Explanation: u1 = 40 m/s, u2 = 20 m/s

a1 = -4 m/s2, a2 = - 10

4
m/s2

Let s1, s2 be the distance travelled by train I and train II before halting.
2 2
−u −u

∴ s1 =
1
; s2 = 2

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2a1 2a2

1600
s1 = 8
= 200 m

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400
s2 = 5
= 80 m
∴ Separation between the trains when both have stopped is,
s - s1 - s2 = 300 - 200 - 80 = 20 m

13. (d) change in KE per unit mass

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Explanation: Area of acceleration-displacement curve gives change in KE per unit mass.
t
t tu
1 2 2 dv
m (v − u ) = Fs = m × s
2 dt
change in KE dv

mass
=
dt
× s
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14. (c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
Explanation: The assertion is true but the reason is false.
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In uniform motion, the object moves with uniform velocity, the magnitude of its velocity at different instants, i. e., at t = 0, t = 1
sec, t = 2 sec,............. , will always be constant. Thus, a velocity-time graph for an object in uniform motion along a straight
path is a straight line parallel to the time axis.
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15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Since slope of displacement-time graph measures velocity of an object.
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16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
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Explanation: If an object is stationary, then its position does not change with time. If the object is stationary at position x(t) =
x0 from the origin, the position-time graph for a stationary object is a straight line parallel to the time axis.

17. (c) A is true but R is false.

Explanation: The negative slope of the position-time graph represents that the body is moving towards the negative direction
and if the slope of the graph decrease with time then it represents the decrease in speed i.e. retardation in motion.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
19. Taking vertical downward motion of ball from a height 90m, we have
u = 0, a = 10m/s2, S = 90m, t = ?, v = ?
= 3sqr2s = 4.24s
√2S √2×90
t = = )
a 910

– −−−−−−−−− − −−−−
v = √2aS = √2 × 10 × x90 = 30√2m/s
9 9 – –
Rebound velocity of ball, u ′
=
10
v =
10
× 30√2 = 27√2m/s

′ √20 –
Time to each the hight the highest point is, t ′
= u −
t

a
= 27
10
= 2.7√2 = 3.81s

Total time = t + t' = 4.24 + 3.81 +8.05s.

–
The ball will take a further 3.81s to fall back to the floor, where its velocity before striking the floor = 27√2m/s
The velocity of the ball after striking the floor
9 – –
= × 27√2 = 24.3√3m/s
10

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 Total time elapsed before the upward motion of the ball
+ 8.05 + 3.81 + 11.86s
Thus the speed-time graph of this motion will be as shown in the given below figure.

20. i. A lives closer to school than B. In the given x-t graph, it can be observed that distance OP < OQ. Hence, the distance of the
school from the A's home is less than that from B's home.
ii. A starts from school earlier than B. In the given graph, it can be observed that for x = 0, t = 0 for A, whereas for x = 0, t has
some finite value for B. Thus, A starts his journey from school earlier than B.

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iii. B walks faster than A. In the given x-t graph, it can be observed that the slope of B is greater than that of A. Since the slope of
the x-t graph gives the speed, a greater slope means that the speed of B is greater than the speed A.

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iv. A and B reach home at the same time. It is clear from the given graph that both A and B reach their respective homes at the
same time.
v. B overtakes A once on the road. B moves later than A and his/her speed is greater than that of A. From the graph, it is clear
that B overtakes A only once on the road.
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21. a. The given x-t graph shows that initially a body was at rest. Then, its velocity increases with time and attains an instantaneous
t
constant value. The velocity then reduces to zero with an increase in time. Then, its velocity increases with time in the
t tu
opposite direction and acquires a constant value. A similar physical situation arises when a football (initially kept at rest) is
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kicked and gets rebound from a rigid wall so that its speed gets reduced. Then, it passes from the player who has kicked it and
ultimately gets stopped after sometime.
b. In the given v-t graph, the sign of velocity changes and its magnitude decreases with a passage of time. A similar situation
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arises when a ball is dropped on the hard floor from a height. It strikes the floor with some velocity and upon rebound, its
velocity decreases by a factor. This continues till the velocity of the ball eventually becomes zero.
c. The given a-t graph reveals that initially the body is moving with a certain uniform velocity. Its acceleration increases for a
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short interval of time, which again drops to zero. This indicates that the body again starts moving with the same constant
velocity. A similar physical situation arises when a hammer moving with a uniform velocity strikes a nail.
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22. Distance covered with 1 step = 1 m

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Time taken = 1 s
Net displacement (forward - backward) = 2 steps = 2 m in every 8 sec. (5 sec forward and 3 sec backward)
8
So he goes first 8 m in 8 × = 32 sec and remaining 5 m (13 - 8) in next five steps which require 5 sec.
2

So total time is 37 sec.

The x-t graph of the drunkard's motion can be shown as:

23. The position of the object moving with a uniform velocity v and time t is given by x = x0 + vt

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 i. If x0 = + ve and v = + ve, position-time graph will be as shown in Figure.

ii. If x0 = + ve and v = - ve, the position-time graph will be as shown in Figure.

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iii. If x0 = - ve and v = + ve, the position-time graph will be as shown in Figure.

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iv. If both x0 and v are negative, the position-time graph will be as shown in Figure.
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24. The motion of the train is shown in the following velocity-time graph.
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Assume that v represents the maximum speed of the train. If x1 be the distance covered during the first 40 seconds, then
v

2
× 40 = x1 or x1 = 20v
Since total time is 4 min (240 seconds) therefore, the time corresponding to velocity-time graph AB is (240 - 40 - 20) s i.e. 180 s.
If x2 be the distance covered during this time, then x2 = 180v.
If x3 be the distance covered during the last 20 s, then we have
x3 = v

2
× 20 = 10v
Now, x1 + x2 + x3 = 20v + 180v + 10v
⇒ 2250 = 210 v (given that distnace = 2.25 km = 2.25 × 1000 m = 2250 meters)
⇒ v =
225

21
ms
−1
= 10.7 m/s

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 Hence, the maximum speed = 10.7 m/s
Therefore, Acceleration = v

40
=
10.7

40
ms
−2
= 0.2675 ms-2
and Retardation = v

20
=
10.7

20
ms
−2
= 0.535 ms-2
25. i. Displacement for the time interval 0 - 4 s,
S1 = area of rectangle OABC
⇒ S1 = OA × OC = 15 × 4 = 60 m
ii. Displacement for time interval 0 - 8 s,
S2 = displacement for the interval 0 - 4 s + displacement for the interval 4 - 8 s = S1 + area of rectangle CDEF
⇒ S2 = 60 + (CD × CF) = 60 + {(-5) × 4} = 60 - 20 = 40m (since the CD side of the rectangle CDEF lies in the -ve velocity
axis, so CD = - 5 m/s)
iii. Displacement for time interval 0 - 12 s,
S3 = displacement for the time interval 0 - 8 s + displacement for the time interval 8 - 12 s = S2 + area of rectangle FGHI
⇒ S3 = 40 + (FG × FI) = 40 + (10 × 4) = 80m

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Distance Displacement

a. Distance is a scalar quantity a. Displacement is a vector quantity.

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b. Distance is always positive b. Displacement can be positive, negative or zero.

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t
t tu
26. 64
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The velocity-time graph for uniformly accelerated motion has been shown in the figure with the initial velocity at t = 0 as u and
final velocity at time t as v. Then magnitude of the total displacement in the given time is equal to the area under the v-t graph .
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Hence, displacement of moving a particle in time t is given by:

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s = area of trapezium OABC

= (OA + C B) × OC
1

2
Co

= 1
(u + v) × t ..............................................................................(i)
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However, from the definition of acceleration, we know that

v−u v−u
a= t
or t = a

Substituting this value of time t in equation (i), we get Displacement

2 2
(v−u) (v − u )

s= 1

2
(u + v) ×
a
= 2a

⇒2as = v2 - u2 or v2 = u2 + 2as
27. Consider a velocity-time graph for a uniformly accelerated body starting from rest is represented as follows.
Slope of v − t graph
v−u
tan θ =
t

But tan θ = acceleration (a)

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 If acceleration is represented as a, then acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity
v−u
⇒ a=
t

v − u = at

v = u + at

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28. a. The given x-t graph, shown in (a), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the particle. This is because a particle cannot
have two positions at the same instant of time.

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b. The given v-t graph, shown in (b), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the particle. This is because a particle can
never have two values of velocity at the same instant of time.
c. The given v-t graph, shown in (c), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the particle. This is because speed being a
scalar quantity cannot be negative. o
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d. The given v-t graph, shown in (d), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the particle. This is because the total path
t
length travelled by the particle cannot decrease with time.
t tu
29. i. It is not correct because in the time interval between t1 and t2, a is not constant.
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ii. This relation is also not correct for the same reason as in (a).
iii. This relation is correct.
iv. This relation is also correct.
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v. This relation is not correct because average acceleration cannot be used in this relation.
vi. This relation is correct.
30. From the graph, it is clear that with the passage of time, total path length first increases and then decreases.
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The path length of a particle moving along a straight line remains constant or increases with the passage of time and it does not
decrease with time as shown in the figure. Hence, the graph shown in the figure is not possible.
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31. Distance covered by car EC in first 5s is given by

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s = ut + 1

2
at2 = 0 + 1

2
× 3 × t2 = 3

2
t2
At t = 5s, v = u + at = 0 + 3 × 5 = 15 ms-1
After t = 5 s, car covers a distance 15 m in each second upto t = 7 s.
Hence positions of the car at different instants of time will be
t(s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

x(m) 0 1.5 6.0 13.5 24.0 37.5 52.5 67.5

The figure shows the distance-time (x - t) graph for the car. For accelerated motion (0 to 5 s), the graph is a parabola (OA) and for
uniform velocity (5 s to 7 s), the graph is straight line AB.

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32. No, because the x-t graph does not represent the trajectory of the path followed by a particle. From the graph, it is noted that at t =
0, x = 0. The above graph can represent the motion of a body falling freely from a tower under gravity.
33. We need to derive the equation
1
s = ut + 2
at
2

As we have
dx
v= dt
(by definition of instantaneous velocity)
On integration and applying limits, we get
x t t
∫ dx = u ∫ dt + a ∫ tdt
x0 0 0

⇒ x - x0 = u (t - 0) + a

2
(t2 - 0) = ut + 1

2
at2.
But x - x0 = s = displacement in time t, hence we have
s = ut + 1

2
at
2

34. Sign convention: We are taking downward as negative and upward as positive.
The ball is bouncing on the ground and it is clear from the graph, displacement (x) is +ve throughout. Its Velocity increases in
downward direction due to gravity pull. In this Situation v is -ve but acceleration of ball is equal to acceleration due to gravity i.e.
a = - g. When ball rebounds in upward direction its velocity is +ve but acceleration is a = - g.

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i. The velocity vs time graph is shown in the figure below.

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ii. The acceleration vs time graph is shown in the figure below.
t
t tu
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35.
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Consider velocity-time graph for uniform motion along a straight path as shown in the given figure. Let A and B be two points on
the velocity-time graph corresponding to the instants t1 and t2. As the motion is uniform, hence we have
AA1 = BB1 = v.
Area under v-t graph between t1 and t2 = area(ABB1A1)
= AA 1 × A1 B1 = v (t2 − t1 ) .......(i)
Displacement x2 − x1
But, v = Time
= t2 − t1

Therefore, V (t2 - t1) = x2 - x1

and area(ABB1A1) = (x2 - x1).
Hence, area under a velocity-time graph between the instants t1 and t2 gives the magnitude of displacement of a particle in the
time interval (t2 - t1).
36. Slope of displacement-time graph = Velocity of the object
As slope of line OB > slope of line OA
∴ The line making angle of 60° with time-axis represents greater velocity.
vA ∘

Ratio of the two velocities = =

vB
tan 30
∘
tan 60
1

√3
= =
1

3
=1:3
√3

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37. Total distance covered in 10 s
= × 6 × 20 + × 2 × 20 + 2 × 10 = 100 m.
1

2
1

Displacement is positive from 0 to 6 s, negative from 6 to 8 s, and positive from 8 to 10 s.

∴ Total displacement in 10 s

= × 6 × 20 - × 2 × 20 + 2 × 10 = 60m
1

2
1

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