GESTS01X: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

IN THE PHILIPPINES
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Discuss significant events in the development of S&T in the Philippines
during:
a) Pre-colonial Era
b) Spanish Colonial Era
c) American Period
d) Post-Commonwealth Period
2. Recognize the contributions of Filipinos in the field of Science and Technology
through different inventions from past to present.
HISTORY OF S&T IN THE
PHILIPPINES
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Do you think our Filipino ancestors already had their scientific

knowledge systems and practices?

Can you cite certain Filipino beliefs and practices from the past
which are still known in the present and how do those align with
actual scientific facts?

* 3 minutes thinking time*

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Healing practices and rituals performed

by Babaylans or Albularyos often used
medicinal plants.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

A bamboo bow inscribed with Hanuno’o

characters of Mangyans in Mindoro

Doctrina Christiana in Baybayin

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
The Phases of the
Moon “Buan” serve as
time markers. The Ifugao
“Manomnoman
” was the tribe’s
designated
The Sunrise and time-keeper.
Sunset determine the
start and end of the
day.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Ancient Filipinos already knew how Balangay and Karakoa are pre-
to farm before the arrival of the colonial ships in the Philippines.
Spaniards.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Weaving is part of our early history.

Our ancestors were experts in
mining.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

The Banaue Rice terraces is a proof

that early Filipinos are great engineers
and agriculturists.
SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA
How did the events during the Spanish colonization contribute to
Filipinos’ scientific knowledge and skills development?

Do you think the Spanish occupation had become a hindrance to

Filipinos to further progress in terms of S&T? Why or why not?

* 3 minutes thinking time*

 SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Colegio de San Ignacio, first Colegio de Santa Potenciana, Beaterio de Santa Catalina
school for boys first school for girls de Siena

The Rise of Parish Schools in the Philippines

SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Colegio de Santa Isabel Colegio de La Inmaculada

Concepcion de La Concordia

The Rise of Parish Schools in the Philippines

SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Universidad de Santo Tomas Ateneo Municipal de Manila

The Rise of Parish Schools in the Philippines

SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Manila Observatory in the old location of Ateneo in Padre Faura

 SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Galleon Trade in the Philippines Encomienda System

Polo Y Servicios
SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte

SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Effects of the Opening of Canal Suez

SPANISH OCCUPATION ERA

Ilustrados
AMERICAN PERIOD
What improvements in S&T do you think were brought by the
arrival of Americans in the Philippines? Why?

* 3 minutes thinking time*

AMERICAN PERIOD

The Thomasites, first public school teachers

during the American Period
AMERICAN PERIOD

Philippine Normal School, established in 1901

AMERICAN PERIOD
Bureau of Government Laboratories (formerly
Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila),
through time evolved as:
• Bureau of Science
• Institute of Science (IS),
• Institute of Science & Technology (IST)
• National Science Board (NSB)
• National Science Development Board (NSDB)
• National Science and Technology Authority
(NSTA)
• In 1987, was reorganized as Department of
Science and Technology (DOST).
AMERICAN PERIOD

Establishment of the National Research

Council of the Philippines (NRCP)
POST-COMMONWEALTH
ERA

If you are someone in authority, how

would you like to help aspiring
scientists in the Philippines?

* 3 minutes thinking time*

POST-COMMONWEALTH ERA
1993 - Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND)
was established. Among its priorities were:
• exporting winners identified by the DTI;
• domestic needs identified by the President's Council for Countryside
Development;
• support industries; and
• coconut industry development.
POST-COMMONWEALTH ERA
REPUBLIC ACT 8439 - DOST Magna Carta For Scientists,
Engineers, Researchers and Other Science and Technology
Personnel in Government
Incentive system to provide additional benefits to S&T employees
in the Philippines.
POST-COMMONWEALTH ERA
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7687 - Science and Technology Scholarship
Law of 1994
provides for scholarships to talented and deserving students whose
families' socio-economic status does not exceed the set cut-off
values of certain indicators.
 CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
 1
To many parts of the Philippines,
this became the markers of
agricultural stages.

Sun Tides

Moon Stars
 2
The Ifugao tribe official who
serves as timekeeper.

Hanuno’o Karakao

Baybayin Manomnoman
 3
This event made the travel from the
Philippines to Europe easier, allowing
the entry of scientific ideals through
the educated Ilustrados.

Galleon Opening of
Trade Canal Suez

Encomienda Polo y
Servicios
 4
The first institution in charge of
biochemical studies, established
by the Americans

Bureau of Laboratorio
Science Municipal

Bureau of Institute of
Government Science
Laboratories
 5
What is the main purpose of
Magna Carta for Scientists?

S&T Salary of S&T

scholarships workers in
for the poor the govt.

Code of Additional
ethics of benefits to S&T
scientists employees
 FILIPINO
CONTRIBUTIONS TO S&T
DR. FE DEL MUNDO
• Pediatrician, a distinguished scholar, humanitarian
• First pediatric hospital in the Philippines: Fe Del
Mundo Medical Center, also known as Children
Medical Center
• First Woman Pediatrician to be admitted to Harvard
Medical School
• First Woman to be awarded National Scientist of the
Philippines
• Invented the Bamboo Incubator
MARIA OROSA
• Chemist, pharmacist, food scientist, humanitarian,
and a freedom fighter and a war heroine from
Batangas
• Known for the following inventions:
✓ Banana ketchup
✓ Darak or Tikitiki cookies (made of rice bran, to
address Beriberi)
✓ Soyalac (powdered soybeans)
✓ Pineapple vinegar
✓ Fruit preserves, jams, jellies and juices (including
calamansi juice)
• She died during the war.
GREGORIO ZARA
• Aeronautical Engineer, Physicist and
Inventor
• Father of Videoconferencing: the inventor
of the first two-way videophone
• Other inventions include, alcohol-fueled
airplane engine and solar-powered water
heater
• Zara Effect: law of electrical kinetic
resistance
GERMINIANO DE OCAMPO
• Father of Modern Ophthalmology in the Philippines
• Introduced corneal transplant in PH and designed
corneal dissector
• Established the Philippine Eye Bank (1950)
• Founded the De Ocampo Eye Hospital, the first eye
hospital in the country (1952)
• founder and first President, Philippine
Ophthalmological Society (1958)
LUZ OLIVEROS - BELARDO
• pharmaceutical chemist who worked on
herbal medicine and plant extracts
• extracted 33 new essential oils
• found out that potassium citrate in
lemongrass can potentially treat high blood
pressure
• Investigated the anti-cancer properties of
compounds extracted from periwinkle
• Used oleoresin from Apitong as component
for motor fuel
 EXIT TICKET 2
1. Rate your understanding of today’s discussion (5 is the highest and 1 is the
lowest)
2. Based on what you learned from the lesson, in 2-3 sentences, reflect on the the
direct translation of the statement by Plato, “Our need will be the real creator”.
3. Anything you did not like during our session today? Feel free to say it here. ☺