Mth501 Assignment
Student ID:
Question 1:
Solution:
We'll find the LU decomposition of the matrix A:
A = (4 -2 1)
(3 6 -1)
(2 1 8)
Step 1: Create an upper triangular matrix U
We'll use Gaussian elimination to convert A into an upper triangular matrix U.
1. Eliminate the first element in the second row:
o Divide the first row by 4 (to make the first element 1).
o Multiply the first row by 3 and subtract it from the second row.
2. A = (1 -0.5 0.25)
3. (0 7.5 -1.75)
4. (2 1 8 )
5. Eliminate the first element in the third row:
o Multiply the first row by 2 and subtract it from the third row.
6. A = (1 -0.5 0.25)
7. (0 7.5 -1.75)
8. (0 2 7.5)
9. Eliminate the second element in the third row:
o Divide the second row by 7.5 (to make the second element 1).
o Multiply the second row by 2 and subtract it from the third row.
10. A = (1 -0.5 0.25)
11. (0 1 -0.2333)
12. (0 0 7.9333)
Now, we have the upper triangular matrix U:
U = (1 -0.5 0.25)
(0 1 -0.2333)
(0 0 7.9333)
Step 2: Create a lower triangular matrix L
The lower triangular matrix L contains the multipliers used in the elimination process.
L = (1 0 0)
(3 1 0)
(2 0.2667 1)
Therefore, the LU decomposition of A is:
A = LU
(4 -2 1) (1 0 0) (1 -0.5 0.25)
(3 6 -1) = (3 1 0) x (0 1 -0.2333)
(2 1 8) (2 0.2667 1) (0 0 7.9333)
Question 2:
Given:
The system of linear equations:
4x - 2y + z = 3
3x + 6y - z = 5
2x + y + 8z = 7
The LU decomposition of the coefficient matrix A from Question 1 (assumed to be
available)
Solution:
1. Rewrite the system in matrix form:
2. Ax = b
where
A = [4 -2 1; 3 6 -1; 2 1 8]
b = [3; 5; 7]
3. Solve for y using Ly = b:
o Since we have the LU decomposition from Question 1, we can directly solve for y
using forward substitution.
o Substitute the values of b and L into the equation Ly = b and solve for y.
4. Solve for x using Ux = y:
o Once we have y, we can solve for x using back substitution.
o Substitute the values of y and U into the equation Ux = y and solve for x.
Example (assuming LU decomposition from Question 1):
If the LU decomposition from Question 1 is:
L = [1 0 0; 0.75 1 0; 0.5 0.25 1]
U = [4 -2 1; 0 7.5 -1.25; 0 0 7.75]
Then:
Step 2: Solve for y:
Ly = b
[1 0 0; 0.75 1 0; 0.5 0.25 1] * [y1; y2; y3] = [3; 5; 7]
Solving the system of equations gives:
y1 = 3
y2 = 1.75
y3 = 1.86
Step 3: Solve for x:
Ux = y
[4 -2 1; 0 7.5 -1.25; 0 0 7.75] * [x1; x2; x3] = [3; 1.75; 1.86]
Solving the system of equations gives:
x1 = 1.25
x2 = 0.25
x3 = 0.24
Therefore, the solution to the system of linear equations is:
x = [1.25; 0.25; 0.24]
Question 3:
Solution:
Given:
A linear transformation T: R² → R² defined by:
T(x) = [0 -1; 1 0] * [x1; x2] = [-x2; x1]
Find:
The images under T of u = [4; 1] and v = [2; 3]
Solution:
1. Image of u:
2. T(u) = [0 -1; 1 0] * [4; 1] = [-1; 4]
3. Image of v:
4. T(v) = [0 -1; 1 0] * [2; 3] = [-3; 2]
Therefore:
The image of u under T is [-1; 4].
The image of v under T is [-3; 2].
Geometric Interpretation:
The linear transformation T represents a counterclockwise rotation by 90 degrees.
T(u) = [-1; 4] is the vector [4; 1] rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise.
T(v) = [-3; 2] is the vector [2; 3] rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise.
