BOE ( 1st )

1. What is UNCLOS convention?

 UNCLOS is United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea;
 A treaty document which attempts to codify the international law of the sea;
 It came into force internationally on 16th November 1994.
 Include; 17 Parts, 320 Articles & 9 Annex

2. What are various areas set by UNCLOS?

Internal waters
Waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the
State.

Territorial Sea
Territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines.

Contiguous Zone
The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of
the territorial sea is measured.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the
breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

Continental Shelf
Margin extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the base line and either shall not exceed 350 nautical miles
from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured or shall not exceed
100 nautical miles from the 2500 meter isobaths.

High Seas :
All parts of the sea not included in the EEZ, Territorial Sea or Internal Waters of a state or in the Archipelagic
Waters of an Archipelagic State.

Archipelagic Waters
Waters established for mid-ocean Archipelagic States.

3. What are the duties of a master to render assistant under UNCLOS?

Under UNCLOS Article 98;
Every State shall require the master of a ship flying its flag, in so far as he can do so without serious danger
to the ship, the crew or the passengers:
(a) to render assistance to any person found at sea in danger of being lost;
(b) to proceed with all possible speed to the rescue of persons in distress.
(c) after a collision, to render assistance to the other ship, its crew and its passengers and, where possible, to
inform the other ship of the name of his own ship, its port of registry and the nearest port at which it will
call.
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4. What is MLC 2006? Why it is called consolidate? How it is structured?

MLC is adopted by International Labour Conference of ILO.

The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization convention established
in 2006. Enter into force was 20th August 2013.
MLC is Fourth pillar of international maritime law and embodies. The other pillars are the SOLAS, STCW
and MARPOL.
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Two primary purpose of MLC 2006 are ;
(i) Seafarer’s rights to decent living condition and working condition of the ship.
(ii) To create fair competition for the shipowners.

The new Convention brings almost all of the existing 68 maritime labour instruments together in a single
new Convention that uses a new format with some updating, where necessary, to reflect modern conditions
and language. The Convention “consolidates” the existing international law on all these matters .

The convention consists of the Code (Part A and Part B). The Code contains the details for the
implementation of the Regulations and MLC 2006 have 16 areas of inspection.

Consists of five Titles:

• Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship
• Title 2: Conditions of employment
• Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
• Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
• Title 5: Compliance and enforcement

 Maritime Labour Certificate is required onboard.

 Certificate validity is not more than 5 years subject to initial, intermediate and renewal inspection.
 The declaration of maritime labour compliance shall be attached to the maritime labour certificate.
 It shall have two parts; DMLC Part I and DMLC Part II.
 DMLC Part I, shall be drawn up by the competent authority.
 DMLC Part II, shall be drawn up by the ship owner.
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BOE ( 2nd )
1. What entries should be made in the official Log Book? (6 marks)
According to Myanmar Merchant Shipping Act (MMSA) Sect-121; Entries required in Offical log-book
 Name of ship, port of registry, official number, gross tonnage, net tonnage;
 Owner's name and address;
 Master's name and certificate number;
 Date and place of opening and closing OLB ;
 Load Line, Freeboard and draught details;
 List of crew and report of character;
 Tribunal, Offences of crew, fines, punishment
 Illness, injury, medical treatment of crew
 every case of death happening onboard and the cause 2 items 1 mark
 every birth happening onboard with sex and the name of parents
 every marriage on board with name and age of the parties
 Place, time and manner for ceased seaman other than death
 Discharges of crew, wages and effects of seaman ceased
 Collision, stranding, every important accident or damage to ship or cargo
 Closing / opening of watertight door
 Closing / opening of article of agreement
 Training, drills & inspection
 Inspection of provisions, stores and crew accommodation
 Complain about food and water
 Promotions of officer and crew
 Distress message received and actions taken
 Change of command and hand over
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2. What does “Garbage” include and what are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
(5 marks)
Garbage means all kinds of food wastes, domestic wastes and operational wastes, all plastics, cargo
residues, incinerator ashes, cooking oil, fishing gear, and animal carcasses generated during the normal
operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously or periodically except those substances which
are defined or listed in other Annexes to the present Convention.

Garbage does not include fresh fish and parts thereof generated as a result of fishing activities undertaken
during the voyage.

Special areas under MARPOL Annex V :

(1) Mediterranean Sea area, (2)Baltic Sea area, (3) Black Sea area, (4) Red Sea area,
(5) Gulfs area, (6) Antarctic area, (7) North Sea, (8)Wider Caribbean region.
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3. What are the required features of a Garbage Management Plan provide? (5 marks)
Garbage Management Plan
According to MARPOL Annex V,
(1) every ship of 100 GT and above, every ship certified to carry 15 persons or more, and every fixed or
floating platforms shall carry a Garbage Management Plan.
(2) The plan must provides written procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing, and disposing
of garbage, including the use of equipment on board.
(3) The person or persons in charge of carrying out the plan must be designated.
(4) The plan must be in accordance with the IMO guidelines.
(5) The plan must be written in the crew's working language.
(6) The crew must follow the plan.
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4. What ships are required an INLSC certificate? (6 marks)
Unless expressly provided otherwise, the INLSC certificate require to all ships certified to carry noxious
liquid substances in bulk.
Ships other than those issue with a Certificate of Fitness (under the BCH Code) or International Certificate
of Fitness (under the IBC Code) carrying cargoes of MARPOL Annex II substances shall require INLSC.
An oil tanker as defined in Annex I of MARPOL when certified to carry a cargo or part cargo of NLS in
bulk.
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5. What is Unseaworthy ship with reference to Myanmar Merchant Shipping Act? (8 marks)
Unseaworthy ships
A ship is " unseaworthy " when the materials of which she is made, her construction, the qualifications of
the Master, the number and description of the crew, the weight, description and stowage of the cargo, the
tackle, sails, rigging, stores, ballast, and other equipment are not such as to render her in every respect fit for
the proposed voyage or service.
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BOE ( 3 rd )
1. What is Minimum Safe Manning Document? Explain fully. (8 marks)
Under the SOLAS CH:V / REG:14,
Minimum Safe Manning Document is required for ships’ manning. All ships shall be sufficiently and
efficiently manned.
Every ship require minimum safe manning document.
1 item, (0.5) mark
This certificate is only issued by the flag state Administration.
Also required according to MLC 2006, Title 2.
If the working language is not an official language of the Flag State, all plans and lists required to be posted
shall include a translation into the working language.
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English language shall be used on the bridge as the working language for bridge-to-bridge and bridge-to-
shore safety communications as well as for communications on board between the pilot and bridge watch
keeping personnel.

Principle of Safe Manning as Reference to Resolution A.1047 (27);

1) Maintain safe navigational, engineering and radio watch
2) Moor or unmoor a vessel safety
3) Manage the safety functions of the ship when employed in stationary or near-stationary mode at sea
4) For the prevention of damage to the marine environment
5) Maintain the safety arrangements and cleanliness of accessible spaces to minimize risk of fire
6) Provide for medical care
7) Safe carriage of cargo during transit
8) Inspect and maintain the structural integrity of the ship
9) Operate and maintain all watertight closing arrangements including damage control plan
10) Operate and maintain all firefighting equipment and lifesaving appliances
11) Operate and maintain the main propulsion and auxiliary machinery
12) Operate in accordance with approved ship’s security plan.
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2. What is Ballast Water management Convention ? (8 marks)
❖ Ballast Water Management Convention is International convention for the control and management
of ship’s ballast water and sediments, 2004.
❖ This convention was adopted in 2004. Enter into force 8 Sept 2017.
❖ Aim is to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms from one region to another, by establishing
standards and procedures for the management and control of ships' ballast water and sediments.
❖ Purpose also to avoid injury or damage to the environment, human health, property and resources.
❖ All ships will also have to carry a ship-specific ballast water management plan, a ballast water record
book and an international ballast water management certificate.
❖ Ships of 400 GT and above shall required International Ballast Water Management Certificate subject
to surveys specified below:
(i) An initial survey (ii) A renewal survey (iii) An intermediate survey (iv) An annual survey
(v) An additional survey

Regulations for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments;
Section (A): General provisions
Section (B): Management and control requirement for ship 1 item, 1 mark
Section (C): Special requirement in certain area
Section (D): Standards for Ballast Water Management
Section (E): Survey and certification for Ballast Water Management

Discharging of ballast water are controlled by the following standard;

(D-1) Ballast Water Exchange Standard
(a) Sequential method:
(b) Flow through method :
(c) Dilution method :

Ships performing Ballast Water exchange (D1) shall meet the following standard;
 an efficiency of at least 95 percent volumetric exchange of Ballast Water.
 pumping through 3 three times or less than 3 times the volume may be accepted, but at least 95 percent
volumetric exchange is met.
 conduct Ballast Water exchange at least 200 nautical miles from the nearest land and in water at least
200 metres in depth,
 in cases where the ship is unable to conduct 200 nautical miles, all cases at least 50 nautical miles

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 from the nearest land and in water at least 200 metres in depth.
 In sea areas where the distance from the nearest land or the depth does not meet the parameters, the
port State may designate areas,

(D-2) Ballast Water Performance Standard

 Filtration; cyclonic separation; UV radiation; cavitation, electrolysis; chemical additives; de-
oxygenation; and gas super-saturation.
 These may be used in ballast water treatment systems either singularly or in combination.

Microorganism category Regulation

size > 50 μm < 10 viable cells / m3
size 10-50 μm < 10 viable cells / mL
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3. What is “Sewage”? Describe the 3 discharge criteria of sewage. (8 marks)
Sewage means:
(1) drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals;
(2) drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc.) via wash basins, wash tubs and scuppers
located in such premises;
(3) drainage from spaces containing living animals; or
(4) other waste waters when mixed with the drainages defined above.

Discharge criteria of Seawage

Discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except when:
 Using comminuted and disinfected sewage using a system approved by the Administration, at a distance
of more than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land, or
 If is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land.
 In any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks, or sewage originating from spaces
containing living animals, shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en
route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; the rate of discharge shall be approved by the Administration,
or
 the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant which has been certified by the
Administration and the effluent shall not produce visible floating solids nor cause discoloration of the
surrounding water.
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4. Write short notes on the Collecting Bargaining Agreement and Articles of Agreement. (8 marks)
Collecting Bargaining Agreement
➢ A collective bargaining agreement (in respect of MLC 2006) is a labor contract between an employer
and one or more seafarer’ unions.
➢ Collective bargaining consists of the process of negotiation between representatives of a union and
employers (generally represented by management).
➢ The collective agreements reached by these negotiations usually set out wage scales, working hours,
training, health and safety, overtime, and rights to participate in workplace or company affairs.
➢ The parties often refer to the result of the negotiation as a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) or as
a collective employment agreement (CEA).
➢ Seafarers’ Employment Agreement (SEA) shall be incorporate any applicable collective bargaining
agreement.
➢ Seafarers’ Employment Agreement (SEA) should also state that the identified collective bargaining
agreement.

Articles of Agreement
 Articles of Agreement is a contract made between employer (not the master) and each seaman whose
name appears on a list of crew incorporated into crew agreement.
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 It must be
(i) in written form,
(ii) Approved by Administration,
(iii) signed by both parties.
 AOA must be carried in the ship when at sea except NCV ships not exceeding 500GT.
 If a master of a ship carries any seaman to sea without entering into an agreement with him in
accordance with this Act, the master will be liable to fine. (OR) There are Running Agreement,
Voyage Agreement, Multiple agreement, Indefinite agreement.
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BOE ( 4 th )
1. Define “flag state” , “port state” and “coastal state” ? (9 marks)
Flag State : A State whose flag a vessel is entitled to fly.

Port State : A State within whose territorial sea a port or anchorage is situated.

Coastal State : A State in whose territory, including its territorial sea, a marine casualty or marine incident
occurs.
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2. What is “IMO”? (3 marks)
The International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible
for measures to improve the safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution
from ships. It is also involved in legal matters, including liability and compensation issues and the facilitation
of international maritime traffic. IMO has (at 31 December 2023) 175 Member States.

3. What are IMO’s chief instruments? (4 marks)

IMO’s chief instruments are,
(1) Conventions
A written international treaty, made between two or more nation States, which is binding in international
law.

(2) Protocols
An instrument that makes major amendments to a convention.

(3) Recommendations, Codes and Guidelines :

Non-mandatory IMO instruments providing more specific guidelines than conventions or protocols.

(4) Resolutions
The final document resulting from the agreement by the IMO Assembly or a main IMO committee.
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4. List the name of four certificates issued under the SOLAS convention for cargo ship. (4 marks)
Four certificates issued under the SOLAS convention for cargo ship are,
(1) Cargo ship safety equipment certificate
(2) Cargo ship safety radio certificate ANY FOUR CERTIFICATES
(3) Cargo ship safety construction certificate
(4) Document of compliance with the special requirement for ship carrying dangerous cargoes
(5) Minimum safe manning document
(6) Document of Authorization for the carriage of grain
(7) International certificated of Fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemical in bulk
(8) International certificated of Fitness for the carriage of liquefied gases in bulk
(9) Document of compliance for ISM
(10) Safety management certificate
(11) Continuous synopsis records
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(12) International ship security certificate
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5. What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? (4 marks)
Continuous Synopsis Record
 Continuous Synopsis Record is required by SOLAS Chapter XI-1;
 Every ship to which SOLAS Chapter I, shall be issued with a Continuous Synopsis Record.
 The Continuous Synopsis Record shall be issued by the Flag State Administration .
 The CSR is intended to provide an on-board record of the history of the ship.
 The Continuous Synopsis Record shall be kept on board the ship and shall be available for inspection
at all times.
 A complete CSR comprises three forms: CSR Form 1 (or “CSR Document”); CSR Form 2
(Amendment form), CSR Form 3 (Index of Amendment form).

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6. What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
Garbage means all kinds of food wastes, domestic wastes and operational wastes, all plastics, cargo
residues, incinerator ashes, cooking oil, fishing gear, and animal carcasses generated during the normal
operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously or periodically except those substances which
are defined or listed in other Annexes to the present Convention.
Garbage does not include fresh fish and parts thereof generated as a result of fishing activities undertaken
during the voyage.

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 7

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BOE ( 5 th )
1. Why port state control inspections are needed? (4 marks)
Because some flag state administration fail to effectively enforce the implementation of international
agreements on vessels flying their flags.
A Second Line of Defense or safety net is necessary in order to preserve the safety and security of life,
property and the marine environment.
Port state control is the inspection of foreign ships present in a nation's ports for the purpose of verifying that
the condition of the ships and their equipment comply with the provisions of international conventions and
codes, and that the ships are manned and operated in compliance with those provisions.

2. List the names of two Port state control MOU. (2 marks)

 Paris MOU,
 Acuerdo de Vina del Mar Agreement (Latin American region)
 Tokyo MOU
 Caribbean MOU ANY TWO MOU
 Mediterranean MOU
 Indian Ocean MOU
 Abuja MOU
 Black Sea MOU
 Riyadh MOU (Persian Gulf MOU)
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 8
3. Explain the purpose of Ballast Water Management convention. (4 marks)
❖ Ballast Water Management Convention is International convention for the control and management
of ship’s ballast water and sediments, 2004.
❖ This convention was adopted in 2004. Enter into force 8 Sept 2017.
❖ Aim is to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms from one region to another, by establishing
standards and procedures for the management and control of ships' ballast water and sediments.
❖ Purpose also to avoid injury or damage to the environment, human health, property and resources.
❖ All ships will also have to carry a ship-specific ballast water management plan, a ballast water record
book and an international ballast water management certificate.

4. How the discharging of ballast water are controlled? (6 marks)

Discharging of ballast water are controlled by the following standard;
(D-1) Ballast Water Exchange Standard
(a) Sequential method:
(b) Flow through method :
(c) Dilution method :

Ships performing Ballast Water exchange (D1) shall meet the following standard;
 an efficiency of at least 95 percent volumetric exchange of Ballast Water.
 pumping through 3 three times or less than 3 times the volume may be accepted, but at least 95 percent
volumetric exchange is met.
 conduct Ballast Water exchange at least 200 nautical miles from the nearest land and in water at least
200 metres in depth,
 in cases where the ship is unable to conduct 200 nautical miles, all cases at least 50 nautical miles
from the nearest land and in water at least 200 metres in depth.
 In sea areas where the distance from the nearest land or the depth does not meet the parameters, the port
State may designate areas,

(D-2) Ballast Water Performance Standard

 Filtration; cyclonic separation; UV radiation; cavitation, electrolysis; chemical additives; de-
oxygenation; and gas super-saturation.
 These may be used in ballast water treatment systems either singularly or in combination.

Microorganism category Regulation

size > 50 μm < 10 viable cells / m3
size 10-50 μm < 10 viable cells / mL
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List the name of four certificates issued under the SOLAS convention for cargo ship. (4 marks)
**** Please see BOE (4th) answer ****

What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? (4 marks)

**** Please see BOE (4th) answer ****

What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
**** Please see BOE (4th) answer ****
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BOE ( 6 th )
1. What are the practical purpose of registering a ship? (6 marks)
(1) To enable the ship to trade internationally;
(2) To facilitate easier ship finance;
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 9
(3) To facilitate easier sale and purchase of the ship;
(4) To enhance the value of the ship.
(5) To establish ship’s nationally.
(6) To establish tonnage identification.
(OR)
(1) To establish ship's nationality (Jurisdiction).
(2) To establish the measurement and tonnage for identification purposes;
(3) To enable the ship to trade internationally.
(4) To facilitate easier sale and purchase of the ship. Any six, each 1 mark
(5) To facilitate ship finance.
(6) To enhance the value of the ship.
(7) Certificate of registry is documentary evidence of ownership.

2. List the two names of the law regarding maritime transport in Myanmar. (2 marks)
(i) The Myanmar Merchant Shipping Act,
(ii) The Myanmar Registration of Ships Act, ANY TWO
(iii) The Carries Act,
(iv) The Myanmar Carriage of Goods by Sea Act,
(v) The Bills of Lading Act .
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3. You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel. (8 marks)

Although my vessel has a right of innocent passage through It, she must comply with legislation affecting
its conduct, including those dealing with safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;
protection of navigational aids and facilities, cables and pipelines; conservation of living resources;
enforcement of fisheries laws and regulations; protection of the marine environment; control of scientific
research and hydrographic surveying; enforcement of customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitary laws.
She must also comply with the Collision Regulations.

**** **** **** **** (OR) **** **** **** ****

Under UNCLOS Article 27: Criminal jurisdiction

The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through
the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation, except in the following cases:
(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State;
(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea;
(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested by the master of the ship or by a diplomatic
agent or consular officer of the flag State; or
(d) necessary for the suppression of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.

Under UNCLOS Article 28: Civil jurisdiction

1. The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea for the
purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.
2. The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil
proceedings.
3. Paragraph 2 is without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy
execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the
territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.
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4. Describe the “Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance”. (8 marks)
The declaration of maritime labour compliance shall be attached to the maritime labour certificate.

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 10

It shall have two parts; DMLC Part I and DMLC Part II.
DMLC Part I is the document which state the national law, regulations and marine notices implementing
the requirements of MLC convention for the working and living conditions for seafarers.
DMLC Part I ; shall be drawn up by the competent authority which shall:
(i) identify the list of matters to be inspected ;
(ii) identify the national requirements embodying the relevant provisions of this Convention ;
(iii) refer to ship-type specific requirements under national legislation;
(iv) record any substantially equivalent provisions ;
(v) clearly indicate any exemption granted by the competent authority;
DMLC Part II ; shall be drawn up by the shipowner and shall identify the measures adopted to ensure
ongoing compliance with the national requirements between inspections and the measures proposed to
ensure that there is continuous improvement.

“16 Areas of Inspection” under DMLC Part I & II

1) Minimum age
2) Qualification of seafarers
3) Medical certification
4) Seafarer employment agreement
5) Use of any licensed or certified recruitment and placement service
6) Hours of work and rest
7) Manning levels of the ship
8) Accommodation
9) On board recreational facilities ???
10) Food and catering
11) Health and safety and accident prevention
12) On board medical care
13) On board complaint procedures
14) Payment of wages
15) Financial security for repatriation
16) Financial security relating to ship owners’ liability
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5. What items will include in the Renewal survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate?
(8 marks)
Under SOLAS Chapter I / Reg: 10,
Renewal survey shall include
an inspection of the structure,
boilers and other pressure vessels,
machinery and equipment,
the steering gear and the associated control systems and
electrical installations to ensure that they remain satisfactory for the service for which the ship is intended.
In the case of tankers, the survey shall also include an inspection of the pump-rooms, cargo, bunker and
ventilation piping systems and associated safety devices and the testing of insulation resistance of electrical
installations in dangerous zones.
Inspections of the outside of the ship's bottom can be also carried out during the Renewal survey of Cargo
Ship Safety Construction Certificate.
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6. What is Sewage? Describe the discharge criteria for sewage under MARPOL? (8 marks)
**** Please see BOE (4th) answer ****
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BOE ( 7 th )
1. List any six of the conventions under IMO? ANY SIX CONV: (6 marks)
(1) The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, SOLAS
(2) The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, MARPOL
(3) The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping, STCW
(4) The International Convention on Load line , LL
(5) The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships , TONNAGE
(6) The Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea , COLREG
(7) Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic, 1965 as amended [ FAL ]
(8) International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling system on ships, 2001 [ AFS ]
(9) International convention for the control and management of ship’s ballast water and sediments, 2004.

2. Describe any four Codes under convention described in No.1 (4 marks)

(1) International code for fire safety systems (FSS Code)
(2) International code for application of fire test procedures (FTP Code)
(3) International life saving appliance code (LSA code)
(4) International code of signal (INTERCO)
(5) Casualties Investigation Code
(6) The International Code on Intact Stability, 2008
(7) International code of signal (INTERCO)
ANY FOUR CODE
(8) Code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing (CSS Code)
(9) Code of safe practice for ship carrying timber deck cargoes (TDC code)
(10) International maritime solid bulk cargoes code (IMSBC Code)
(11) International code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk (international grain code)
(12) International maritime dangerous goods code (IMDG code)
(13) International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk
(IBC code)
(14) International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk
(IGC code)
(15) International management code for safe operation of ship and for pollution prevention (ISM code)
(16) Code of safety for high speed craft (HSC Code)
(17) International ship and port facility security code (ISPS code)
(18) Code of practice for safe loading and unloading of bulk carrier (BLU Code)
(19) Seafarers’ Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code, as amended (STCW Code)
3. What is Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under UNCLOS? What are the rights of coastal state in
the EEZ? (6 marks)

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

1) The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which
the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
2) The coastal state has rights and duties in relation to natural resources within EEZ;
3) Freedom of navigation is the same as the high seas but in the interests of safety near offshore installations,
the coastal states may restrict navigation in the EEZ.
4) In the exclusive economic zone, all States, whether coastal or land-locked, the freedoms of navigation
and overflight and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other internationally lawful uses
of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and
submarine cables and pipelines, and compatible with the other provisions of this Convention.
5) In exercising their rights and performing their duties under this Convention in the exclusive economic
zone, States shall have due regard to the rights and duties of the coastal State and shall comply with the
laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State.
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4. How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (8 marks)
EACH (1) MARK
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 12
1. MLC is adopted by International Labour Conference of ILO.
2. The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization convention established
in 2006. Enter into force was 20th August 2013.
3. MLC is Fourth pillar of international maritime law and embodies. The other pillars are the SOLAS,
STCW and MARPOL.

Two primary purpose of MLC 2006 are;

4. Seafarer's rights to decent living condition and working condition of the ship.
5. To create fair competition for the shipowners.
6. The convention consists of the Code (Part A and Part B). The Code contains the details for the
implementation of the Regulations and MLC 2006 have 16 areas of inspection.

MLC consists of five Titles:

7. Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship
8. Title 2: Conditions of employment
9. Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
10. Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
11. Title 5: Compliance and enforcement.

12. Maritime Labour Certificate is required onboard. Cert: validity is 5 years subject to initial,
intermediate and renewal inspection.
13. The declaration of maritime labour compliance shall be attached to the maritime labour certificate.
14. DMLC shall have two parts; DMLC Part I shall be drawn up by the competent authority and
DMLC Part II, shall be drawn up by the shipowner.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5. What times will include in the Intermediate survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate?
(8 marks)
Under SOLAS Chapter I / Reg: 10,
Intermediate survey shall include
an inspection of the structure,
boilers and other pressure vessels,
machinery and equipment,
the steering gear and the associated control systems and electrical installations to ensure that they remain
satisfactory for the service for which the ship is intended.

In the case of tankers, the survey shall also include an inspection of the pump-rooms, cargo, bunker and
ventilation piping systems and associated safety devices and the testing of insulation resistance of electrical
installations in dangerous zones.

Inspections of the outside of the ship's bottom can be also carried out during the Intermediate survey of
Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
6. What is SOPEP? What will be consists of in the SOPEP? (8 marks)

SOPEP is SHIPBOARD OIL POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN .

 Required by MARPOL Annex I .

 Every oil tanker of 150 GT and above, and all ships other than tanker of 400 GT and above must carry
on board an Approved Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan by flag state.
 The plan contains:
(i) Reporting procedures to be followed by Master in case of oil incident;
(ii) List of persons to be contacted as per SOPEP contact list;
(iii) Immediate actions in case of spill (detail action to reduce discharge oil);

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 13

 (iv) Procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating shipboard action with national and
local authorities in combating the pollution.
 In case of MARPOL Annex II also applies, plan may be combined with shipboard marine pollution
emergency plan for NLS, the title of such plan shall be “Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan”.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
7. What entries will be made in the Oil Record Book Part II in tanker? (8 marks)

Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above shall be provided with an Oil Record Book Part II
(Cargo/Ballast Operations).

Oil Record Book Part II in tanker

(1) loading of oil cargo;
(2) internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage;
(3) unloading of oil cargo;
(4) ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean bal last tanks;
(5) cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing;
(6) discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tanks;
(7) discharge of water from slop tanks;
(8) closing of all applicable valves or similar devices after slop tank discharge operations;
(9) closing of valves necessary for isolation of dedicated clean ballast tanks from cargo and stripping lines
after slop tank discharge operations;
(10) disposal of residues.
(11) the total quantity of oil and water used for washing and returned to a storage tank shall be recorded.
(12) Any event of accidental or other exceptional discharge of oil not excepted by that regulation, a
statement and the reasons for, the discharge.
(13) Any failure of the oil filtering equipment and oil discharge monitoring and control system.
(14) Fully recorded without delay signed by the officer in charge of the operations concerned and each
completed page shall be signed by the master of ship.
(15) to be readily available for inspection at all reasonable times.
(16)Shall be preserved for a period of 3 years after the last entry has been made.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 8 th )
1. List the two names of the law regarding maritime transport in Myanmar. (2 marks)

2. You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel? (8 marks)

3. Describe the "Declaration of maritime Labor Compliance" (8 marks)

4. What items will include in the Renewal survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 9 th )
1. Define “flag state” , “port state” and “coastal state” ? (9 marks)

2. What is “IMO”? (3 marks)

3. What are IMO’s chief instruments? (4 marks)

4. List the name of four certificates issued under the SOLAS convention for cargo ship.(4 marks)

5. What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? (4 marks)

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 14
6. What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 10 th )
1. What are the practical purpose of registering a ship? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 th) answer ****

2. List the two names of the law regarding maritime transport in Myanmar. (2 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 th) answer ****

3. You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 th) answer ****

4. How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (8 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (7 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5. What items will include in the Intermediate survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate in
addition to annual survey of such certificate? (8 marks)
Under SOLAS Chapter I / Reg: 10,
An annual survey shall be carried out within 3 months before or after each anniversary date of this
Certificate.
Intermediate survey shall be carried out within three months before or after the second anniversary date or
within three months before or after the third anniversary date of the Cargo Ship Safety Construction
Certificate, which shall take the place of one of the annual surveys.

Intermediate survey shall include an inspection of the structure, boilers and other pressure vessels,
machinery and equipment, the steering gear and the associated control systems and electrical installations to
ensure that they remain satisfactory for the service for which the ship is intended.

In the case of tankers, the survey shall also include an inspection of the pump-rooms, cargo, bunker and
ventilation piping systems and associated safety devices and the testing of insulation resistance of electrical
installations in dangerous zones.

Inspections of the outside of the ship's bottom can be also carried out during the Intermediate survey of
Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate in addition to annual survey.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
6. What is SOPEP? What will be consists of in the SOPEP? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7 th) answer ****

7. What entries will be made in the Oil Record Book Part II in tanker? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7 th) answer ****
***********************************************************************************
BOE ( 11 th )

1. (a) What entries shall be made in the Offical Log Book? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.(b) How will you enter in the Offical Log Book? ( 4 marks)

According to MSA Sect-120; Offical logs to be kept and to be dated

 Offical log book is required by MMSA Section-120 and shall be kept onboard.
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 15
 Each entry duly filled up by each section.
 Every entry must be made as soon as possible after the occurrence.
 Each entry must be dated.
 Each entry is to be signed by the master and witness by the another crew member, Mate or Doctor.
 Every entry must be made in relevant section or as per merchant shipping act's instruction.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.(c) What items shall be entered in the GMDSS Log book? ( 6 marks)

(1) Daily test of GMDSS equipments.

(2) Weekly test, Monthly test of GMDSS equipments.
(3) Receipt of any distress, urgency and safety messages.
(4) Ship position and time.
(5) Any incidents occurred to be recorded.
(6) Any Failure of GMDSS equipment.
(7) Each entry made by officer in charge and each page signed by Master.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.(a) Define “Internal Water” under UNCLOS. ( 4 marks)
Internal waters:
Waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the
State.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.(b) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within
its territorial water? ( 6 marks)

Under UNCLOS Article 27: Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship

(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State;
(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea;
(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested by the master of the ship or by a diplomatic
agent or consular officer of the flag State; or
(d) necessary for the suppression of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.(c) What is “High Sea”? Explain how to exercise jurisdiction over the vessel in the High Sea.
( 6 marks)
High Seas
All parts of the sea not included in the EEZ, Territorial Sea or Internal Waters of a state or in the Archipelagic
Waters of an Archipelagic State in accord with Part VII of UNCLOS 1982.

Freedom of High Sea are:

1. navigation;
2. over flight;
3. to lay submarine cables and pipelines;
4. to construct artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law;
5. fishing; and
6. scientific research.

Jurisdiction over the vessel in the High Sea

(1) Every State , whether coastal or land-locked, has the right to sail ships flying its flag on the
high seas. Every state must effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control in administrative, technical
and social matters over ships flying its flag.
(2) No state has right to exercise jurisdiction on any ship in high sea unless the ship is breach of
International law such as slave trading, drug trading and serious pollution.
(3) No State may validly purport to subject any part of the high seas to its sovereignty.
(4) In the event of a collision or any other incident of navigation concerning a ship on the high Seas,

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 16

 involving the penal or disciplinary responsibility of the master or of any other person in the service of
the ship, no penal or disciplinary proceeding may be instituted against such person except before the
judicial or administrative authorities either of the flag state or of the state of which such person is a
national.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4.(a) What are the Statutory certificates under MARPOL convention. ( 4 marks)

Statutory certificates under MARPOL convention are,

(1) International oil pollution prevention certificate , IOPPC
(2) International pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk,
INLSC
(3) International sewage pollution prevention certificate , ISPPC
(4) International air pollution prevention certificate , IAPPC
(5) International Energy Efficiency certificate, IEEC
(6) Certificate of fitness, COF
(7) International certificate of fitness, ICOF
(8) Statement of compliance - related to Fuel Oil Consumption Reporting and Operational Carbon intensity
rating.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4.(b) What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? ( 4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4.(c) What are the main survey items for Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates? ( 8 marks)

Under SOLAS Chapter 1, reg: 8,

Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates shall be issued after inspection to a cargo ship which complies
with the relevant requirements of the chapters II-1, II-2, III and V and any other relevant requirements of the
SOLAS regulations.

The main survey items for Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates are;

 Life-saving appliances and arrangements except radio installations, Lifeboats’ davits and
winches; Liferafts, lifejackets, rockets and signals, immersion suits, TPAs, hand-held VHFs,
 The fire safety systems and appliances,
 Fire control plans, fire extinguishing equipment, firemen's outfits; fire detection and alarm system;
emergency controls; emergency electric power;
 the shipborne navigational equipment, navigation lights; positioning of side-lights; signal lantern;
echo-sounder; gyro compass
 means of embarkation for pilots and other equipments to which chapter II-1, II-2, III and V,
 IMO and Nautical publications,
 Lights, shapes, means of making sound signals and distress signals.
 Radio communication equipments in which Form E includes.
 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in force.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 12 th )
1. (a) How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (10 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7 th) answer ****

1.(b) What does “Garbage” include and what are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****

1.(c) What ships are required an INLSC certificate? (2 marks)

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 17
 **** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****

2.(b) What is articles of agreement? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

3.(a) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within
its territorial water? ( 6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 13 th )
1.(a) What items will include in the Renewal survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.(b) What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.(c) Write down maximum hours of work and minimum hours of rest in any 24-hour period and in
any seven days period under MLC? (4 marks)

Hours of work
Maximum hours of work shall not exceed:
(i). 14 hours in any 24-hour period; and
(ii). 72 hours in any seven-day period;

Hours of rest
Minimum hours of rest shall not be less than:
(i). 10 hours in any 24-hour period; and
(ii). 77 hours in any seven-day period.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.(a) You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 th) answer ****

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.(c) Which countries are included in the Near Coastal Voyage limit of Myanmar? (4 marks)

Near Coastal Voyage means the coastal trade or voyages from any port or place in
Pakistan, India, Maldives, Sri-Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand
to any other port or place in these countries subject to specific reference to proximity of safe havens on such
voyages.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 14 th )
1(a). Describe the “Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance”. (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 th) answer ****
__________________________________________________________________________________
1(b). What is SOPEP? What will be consists of in the SOPEP? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7 th) answer ****
____________________________________________________________________________________

1(c). What are the required features of a Garbage Management Plan provide? (4 marks)
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 18
 **** Please see all answer from BOE (2 nd) answer ****
____________________________________________________________________________________

2(b). What is a Running Agreement? (4 marks)

 A Running Agreement is a crew agreement approved by Administration whereby the ship is kept
continuously crewed.
 It can be closed or opened at sea or in port but every seafarer engaged and carried to sea shall enter into
it.
 One was retained by shipping master and other was at the Master.
 As per Myanmar Merchant Shipping Act, the agreement may be made for a voyage of the ship or, if the
voyages of the ship average less than six months in duration.
___________________________________________________________________________________

3.(a) What is “High Sea”? Explain how to exercise jurisdiction over the vessel in the High Sea.
( 6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11 th) answer ****
____________________________________________________________________________________

3(b). Why port state control inspections are needed? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (5 th) answer ****
____________________________________________________________________________________________

5(a). Define “flag state” , “port state” and “coastal state” ? (9 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 15 th ); 17.11.2017
1(a). Why port state control inspections are needed? (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (5 th)& (14th) answer ****
_____________________________________________________________________________________

1(b). List the names of four Port state control MOU. (4 marks)
(1) Paris MOU
(2) Tokyo MOU (Asia-Pacific MOU)
(3) Caribbean MOU ANY FOUR MOU
(4) Mediterranean MOU
(5) Indian Ocean MOU
(6) Abuja MOU
(7) Black Sea MOU
(8) Riyadh MOU
______________________________________________________________________________________

1(c). Explain the purpose of Ballast Water Management convention. (6 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (5 th) answer ****

1(d). How the discharging of ballast water are controlled? (6 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (5 th) answer ****
______________________________________________________________________________________

2.(a) Describe certificates and other documents required to be carried on board the general cargo ship
more than 500 GT on International Voyage and also describe the conventions concerning each
certificate. (10 marks)

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 19

(1) Cargo ship safety equipment certificate [ SOLAS convention ] ANY TEN, each (1)
(2) Cargo ship safety radio certificate [ SOLAS convention ] mark
(3) Cargo ship safety construction certificate [ SOLAS convention ]
(4) Document of compliance with the special requirement for ship carrying dangerous cargoes
[ SOLAS convention ]
(5) Minimum safe manning document [ SOLAS convention ]
(6) Document of compliance for ISM [ SOLAS convention ]
(7) Safety management certificate for ISM [ SOLAS convention ]
(8) Continuous synopsis records [ SOLAS convention ]
(9) International ship security certificate [ SOLAS convention ]
(10) International oil pollution prevention certificate [ MARPOL convention ]
(11) International sewage pollution prevention certificate [ MARPOL convention ]
(12) International air pollution prevention certificate [ MARPOL convention ]
(13) International energy efficiency certificate (IEE cert) [ MARPOL convention ]
(14) Oil Record Book, Part I [ MARPOL convention ]
(15) SOPEP, Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan [ MARPOL convention ]
(16) Garbage Management Plan [ MARPOL convention ]
(17) Garbage Record Book [ MARPOL convention ]
(18) Maritime labour certificate [ MLC convention ]
(19) International ballast water management certificate [ BWM convention ]
(20) Ballast water record book [ BWM convention ]
(21) International Antifouling System Certificate [ AFS convention ]
(22) International Load Line Certificate [ Load Line convention ]
(23) International Tonnage Certificate [ Tonnage convention ]
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2(b). How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (10 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7 th)& (10 th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 16 th ); 30.03.2018
1.(a) What are the chief ship certificates required by SOLAS convention? (10 marks)
The chief ship certificates required by SOLAS convention are,
(1) Passenger ship safety certificate
(2) Cargo ship safety equipment certificate
(3) Cargo ship safety radio certificate
(4) Cargo ship safety construction certificate
(5) Document of compliance with the special requirement for ship carrying dangerous cargoes
(6) Minimum safe manning document
(7) Document of Authorization for the carriage of grain
(8) International certificated of Fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemical in bulk
(9) International certificated of Fitness for the carriage of liquefied gases in bulk
(10)Document of compliance for ISM
(11)Safety management certificate for ISM
(12)Continuous synopsis records
(13)International ship security certificate
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.(b) What is a Running Agreement? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (14 th) answer ****
___________________________________________________________________________________
1.(c) Which legislation governs crew Agreement in Myanmar ship? (4 marks)
Myanmar Merchant Shipping Act govern crew Agreement in Myanmar ship.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 20
BOE ( 17 th ) [18.07.2018]
**** Please see all answer from BOE 11th answer ****

1. (a) What entries shall be made in the Offical Log Book? (6 marks)
1.(b) How will you enter in the Offical Log Book? ( 4 marks)
1.(c) What items shall be entered in the GMDSS Log book? ( 6 marks)

3.(a) Define “Internal Water” under UNCLOS. ( 4 marks)

3.(b) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within
its territorial water? ( 6 marks)
3.(c) What is “High Sea”? Explain how to exercise jurisdiction over the vessel in the High Sea.
( 6 marks)
4.(a) What are the Statutory certificates under MARPOL convention. ( 4 marks)
4.(b) What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? ( 4 marks)
4.(c) What are the main survey items for Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates? ( 8 marks)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 18 th ) [16.11.2018]
**** Please see all answer from BOE 15th answer ****

1(a). Why port state control inspections are needed? (4 marks)

1(b). List the names of four Port state control MOU. (4 marks)
1(c). Explain the purpose of Ballast Water Management convention. (6 marks)
1(d). How the discharging of ballast water are controlled? (6 marks)
2.(a) Describe certificates and other documents required to be carried on board the general cargo
ship more than 500 GT on International Voyage and also describe the conventions concerning each
certificate. (10 marks)
2(b). How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (10 marks)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BOE ( 19 th ) [8.3.2019]
**** Please see all answer from BOE 12th answer ****

1.(a) How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (10 marks)
1.(b) What does “Garbage” include and what are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
(8 marks)
1.(c) What ships are required an INLSC certificate? (2 marks)
2.(b) What is articles of agreement? (4 marks)
3.(a) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within
its territorial water? ( 6 marks)
BOE ( 20th ) [24.7.2019]
**** Please see all answer from BOE 12th answer ****

1. (a) Is classification a statutory requirement for a ship? Explain. (6 marks)

No.
SOLAS does not require any ship to be classed. However, SOLAS Regulation II-1/ 3-1 does provide that, in
addition to the requirements contained elsewhere in the SOLAS regulations, ships must be designed,
constructed and maintained in compliance with the structural, mechanical and electrical requirements of a
classification society recognized by the flag state administration, or with applicable national standards of the
administration that provide an equivalent level of safety.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. (b) When may in-water surveys be accepted by a classification society? (5 marks)

Examinations of the outside of a ship's bottom (and related items) must normally be carried out with

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 21

the ship in drydock.
However, consideration may be given to alternate examination while the ship is afloat as an in-water
survey, subject to certain IACS conditions being complied with.
Special consideration must be given to ships of 15 years or over before being permitted to have such
examinations.
For ships exceeding 15 years of age which are subject to an Enhanced Survey Programme (ESP), bottom
examinations must be carried out with the ship in drydock.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. (c) Does ECDIS require back-up arrangement? Explain. (5 marks)
Yes. SOLAS Regulation V/19 requires back-up arrangements meeting the functional requirements
for nautical charts in Regulation V/19 Back-up arrangements must be able to be used "to plan and
display the ship's route for the intended voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage".
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. (d) What are the basic requirements as to contents of an LSA training manual and where are
manuals provided on board ship? (4 marks)

The manual must contain instructions and information on the LSA provided in the ship, information on the
best methods of survival, and instructions for onboard maintenance of the LSA. Material in the manual
must be in easily understood terms and be illustrated where appropriate.

SOLAS Regulation III/35 requires that a LSA training manual must be provided in each crew mess room
and recreation room, or in each crew cabin.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2. (a) What does Garbage include and what are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2. (b) Which legislation govern crew Agreement in Myanmar ship? (2 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (16th) answer ****
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2. (c) What are the 5 titles and 16 areas of inspection under MLC? (8 marks)

Five Titles of MLC,

Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship
Title 2: Conditions of employment
Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
Title 5: Compliance and enforcement

16 Areas of Inspection” detailed under MLC

1) Minimum age
2) Qualification of seafarers
3) Medical certification
4) Seafarer employment agreement
5) Use of any licensed or certified recruitment and placement service
6) Hours of work and rest
7) Manning levels of the ship
8) Accommodation
9) On board recreational facilities
10) Food and catering
11) Health and safety and accident prevention
12) On board medical care

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 22

13) On board complaint procedures
14) Payment of wages
15) Financial security for repatriation
16) Financial security relating to shipowners’ liability.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3. (a) What rule does UNCLOS make regarding hot pursuit? (6 marks)

The hot pursuit of a foreign ship may be undertaken when the competent authorities of the coastal State have
good reason to believe that the ship has violated the laws and regulations of that State.
Such pursuit must be commenced when the foreign ship or one of its boats is within the internal waters, the
archipelagic waters, the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the pursuing State.
The right of hot pursuit ceases as soon as the ship pursued enters the territorial sea of its own State or of a
third State.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

BOE ( 21st ) [04.12.2019]

**** Please see all answer from BOE 3rd answer ****

1. What is Minimum Safe Manning Document? Explain fully. (8 marks)

2. What is Ballast Water management Convention ? (8 marks)
3. What is “Sewage”? Describe the 3 discharge criteria of sewage. (8 marks)
4. Write short notes on the Collecting Bargaining Agreement and Articles of Agreement. (8 marks)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Q: What are Enhanced Surveys, and which ships are required to have them? (8 marks)

Enhanced Surveys are basically;

(i) Close-up examinations of frames, webs and bulkheads in selected cargo holds and tanks, ballast tank
internal structure, hatch covers and coamings, deck structure and under deck plating between cargo hold
hatches and areas of inner bottom plating.
(ii) Thickness measurements of deck and shell plating and focuses on the hull internal structure in
the cargo hold length.
(iii) Cargo and ballast tank pressure tests.
(iv) Condition of paint coating is assessed and recorded.

❖ Enhanced Surveys are carried out by IACS member Classification societies surveyors.
❖ Bulk carriers and oil tankers are required Enhanced survey.
❖ Enhanced surveys became mandatory under international law for bulk carriers under SOLAS Chapter
XII (Additional safety measures for bulk carriers) and for bulk carriers and tankers under SOLAS
Chapter XI-1 (Special measures to enhance maritime safety).
______________________________________________________________________________________
BOE ( 22nd ) [18.03.2020]
1.(a) What is Sewage? Describe the discharge criteria for sewage under MARPOL? (8marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE 3rd answer ****

(b) Which countries are included in the Near Coastal Voyage limit of Myanmar? (2marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE 13th answer ****

(c) What are the main survey items for Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates? (8marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE 11th answer ****

2.(a) What is Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)? (6marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE 4th answer ****
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 23
 (b) List the two names of the law regarding maritime transport in Myanmar. (2marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE 3rd answer ****

(c) You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel. (8marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE 6th answer ****

(d) What entries shall be recorded in the GMDSS Log book? (6marks)
th
**** Please see all answer from BOE 11 answer ****
______________________________________________________________________________________

BOE ( 23rd ) [24.01.2021]

1.(a) Which ships are required an INLSC certificate? (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (19th) answer ****

1.(b). What is SMPEP? What are the contents in the SMPEP? (6 marks )

SMPEP means Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan.

According to MARPOL Annex II, Every ships of 150GT and above to carry NLS in bulk shall carry this
plan.
The plan contains:
i. Reporting procedures;
ii. List of persons to be contacted;
iii. Immediate actions in case of spill;
iv. Procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating shipboard action with national and
local authorities in combating the pollution.

In case of reg-37 of Annex I also applies, plan may be combined with shipboard oil pollution emergency
plan, the title of such plan shall be “Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan” .
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1.(c) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within its
territorial water? ( 6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (19th) answer ****

2.(a) What entries should be made in the official Log Book? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (17th) answer ****

2. (b) What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? (6 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (22nd ) answer ****

2.(c) What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (13th ) answer ****

5.(a) Explain the purpose of Ballast Water Management convention. (4 marks)

th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (18 ) answer ****
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BOE ( 24th ) [16.07.2021]
1.(a) What are the main survey items for Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates? (10 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (11th) answer ****
CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 24
1.(b) What is “Sewage”? Describe the discharge criteria of sewage under MARPOL? (8 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

1.(c) Which countries are included in the Near Coastal Voyage limit of Myanmar? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (13th) answer ****
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2.(a) In what circumstances do foreign flag vessels have a right of innocent passage through a state’s
Internal waters ? (6 marks)

Foreign flag vessels have a right of innocent passage through a state's Internal Waters in cases:
(i) when baselines which have been redrawn enclose waters previously to seaward of the baselines;
(ii) in cases of force majeure;
(iii) in case of warships and other public vessels provided that they enter Internal Waters with the coastal
state's consent.
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2.(b) List four names of Port State Control MOU? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (15th) answer ****

2.(c) What are the 16 areas of inspection under MLC? (8 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (20th) answer ****
________________________________________________________________________
BOE ( 25th ) [11.03.2022]
1.(a) What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? (5 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th) answer ****

1.(b) List any five of the conventions under IMO? (5 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (7th) answer ****

1.(c) What is the difference between Port state control and Flag state administration and what are the
functions of PSC regime? (8 marks)

Port State Control

Enforcement of international conventions and codes by the Administration of a port State visited by vessels
of any flag other than that of the port State. In a UK port, for example, a Bahamas flag ship may be subject
to port State control by a UK port state control officer (PSCO), whereas a UK flag ship in a UK port may be
inspected only under flag state procedure.

Flag state administration

Enforcement of national and international regulations and codes on board a nation’s ships entitled to fly state
flag, wherever they are, by the flag state Administration.

Functions of PSC regime

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 25
 • Harmonizing and strengthening PSC procedures as possible
• Sharing inspected data
• Design to eliminate operation of sub-standard ship in region of PSC MOU.
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2.(a) What are Enhanced Surveys, and which ships are required to have them? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (21st) answer ****

2.(b) What is UNCLOS convention? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****

2.(c) In what respect of all or any that the coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity
with the provisions of UNCLOS convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent
passage through the territorial sea? (8 marks)

UNCLOS Article 21: Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage

The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention
and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all
or any of the following:

(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;

(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or installations;
(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;
(d) the conservation of the living resources of the sea;
(e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State;
(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention, reduction and control of
pollution thereof;
(g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys;
(h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of
the coastal State.
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3.(a) Describe the “Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance”. (10 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6th) answer ****

3. List the name of four certificates issued under the SOLAS convention for cargo ship. (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th) answer ****

3.(c) What does “Garbage” include and what are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****
3.(d) Which legislation governs crew Agreement in Myanmar ship? (2 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (16th) answer ****
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BOE ( 26th ) [29.07.2022]

1. (a) What items will include in the Renewal survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate?
(10 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6th) answer ****

1. (b) What are the duties of a master to render assistant under UNCLOS? (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (1st ) answer ****

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 26

1. (c) What is “High Sea”? What are the freedom of High sea? (8 marks)

High Seas
All parts of the sea not included in the EEZ, Territorial Sea or Internal Waters of a state or in the Archipelagic
Waters of an Archipelagic State in accord with Part VII of UNCLOS 1982.
Freedom of High Sea are:
1. navigation;
2. over flight;
3. to lay submarine cables and pipelines;
4. to construct artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law;
5. fishing; and
6. scientific research.
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2. (a) Which legislation govern crew Agreement in Myanmar ship? (2 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (16th) answer ****
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BOE ( 27th ) [16.11.2022]

1.(a) How do you understand the “Maritime Labour Convention 2006”? (10 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7th) answer ****

1.(b) What does “Garbage” include and what are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****

1.(c) What ships are required an INLSC certificate? (2 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****

2. What is articles of agreement? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

3.(a) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within
its territorial water? ( 6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11th) answer ****

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BOE ( 28th ) [01.03.2023]

1.(a) What are the main survey items for Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates? ( 8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11th) answer ****

1.(b) What are the Statutory certificates under MARPOL convention. ( 8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11th) answer ****

1.(c) Explain the purpose of Ballast Water Management convention. (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (5th) answer ****

2.(a) What are the practical purpose of registering a ship? (6 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (6th) answer ****

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 27

2.(b) Write short notes on the Collecting Bargaining Agreement. (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

3.(a) What is Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under UNCLOS? What are the rights of coastal state
in the EEZ? (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (7th) answer ****

3.(b) How will you enter in the Offical Log Book? ( 4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11th) answer ****

5.(b) What is Unseaworthy ship? (8 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (2nd) answer ****
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BOE ( 29th ) [23.06.2023]
1.(a) Describe certificates and other documents required to be carried on board the general cargo
ship more than 500 GT on International Voyage and also describe the conventions concerning each
certificate. (10 marks)
th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (15 ) answer ****

1.(b) Which ships require a Safety Radio Certificate? (2 marks)

Cargo ship of 300 GT and over, shall require a Safety Radio Certificate.

1.(c) What is “Sewage”? Describe the discharge criteria for sewage under MARPOL?
(8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

2. Which legislation governs crew Agreement in Myanmar ship? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (16th) answer ****

3.(a) You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel. (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6th) answer ****

3.(b) Why port state control inspections are needed? (4 marks)

th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (5 ) answer ****
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BOE ( 30th ) [19.10.2023]

1.(a) What items will include in the Renewal survey of Cargo ship safety Construction Certificate?
(8 marks)
th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 ) answer ****

1.(b) What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th) answer ****

1.(c) Write down maximum hours of work and minimum hours of rest in any 24-hour period and in
any seven days period under MLC? (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (12th) answer ****

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 28

2. What are Enhanced Surveys, and which ships are required to have them? (10 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (21st ) answer ****

3.(a) You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the coastal
state have jurisdiction over your vessel. (6 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6th) answer ****

3.(b) Which countries are included in the Near Coastal Voyage limit of Myanmar? (4 marks)
th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (13 ) answer ****
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BOE ( 31st ) [31.1.2024]
**** Please see all Questions & Answer from BOE (27th / 16-11-2022) ****
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BOE ( 32nd ) [12.06.2024]

1.(a) List the name of four certificates issued under the SOLAS convention and four certificates issued
the MARPOL convention for cargo ship. (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th & 11th) answer ****

1.(b) What is “Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)”? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th) answer ****

1.(c) What does “Garbage” include and describe the provision for disposal of garbage? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th) answer ****

2. (a) When may in-water surveys be accepted by a classification society? (6 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (20th) answer ****

2.(b) What is articles of agreement? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

3.(a) At what conditions Coastal State may exercises its criminal jurisdiction over the vessels within
its territorial water? (6 marks)
th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (11 ) answer ****

3.(b) What are the duties of a master to render assistant under UNCLOS? (4 marks)
st
**** Please see all answer from BOE (1 ) answer ****
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BOE ( 33rd ) [15.10.2024]

1. (a) What is Minimum Safe Manning Document? Explain fully? (8 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

1. (b) What is Ballast Water Management Convention? (8 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

1. (c) Write short notes on the Collecting Bargaining Agreement? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (3rd) answer ****

2. (a) What are Enhanced survey? (6 marks)

CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 29
 **** Please see all answer from BOE (21st) answer ****

2. (b) What is IMO’s chief instruments? (4 marks)

**** Please see all answer from BOE (4th) answer ****

3. (a) You are on passage through the territorial sea of a coastal state. To what extent does the
coastal state have jurisdiction for your vessel? (6 marks)
th
**** Please see all answer from BOE (6 ) answer ****

3. (b) What are the duties of a master to render assistant under UNCLOS? (4 marks)
**** Please see all answer from BOE (1st) answer ****

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CAPT. AMO (BMTC) 30