GROUP (VII) PROPERTIES
Facts about halogens
• Diatomic non-metals
• They have increasing density and decreasing reactivity
• At r.t.p, chlorine is a pale yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown
liquid and iodine is a grey-black solid
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DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS
HALOGENS UNDERGO DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS WITH
OTHER HALIDE IONS
Halogen displacement reactions
• Fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At) are halogen
elements.
• Halogen displacement reactions are also called as redox reactions.
• A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from solution of its
salts.
• Reactivity of halogens decreases down the group. Hence F>Cl>Br>I
• A halogen cannot displace itself from a solution of one of its salts
Examples:
Word equation: chlorine + potassium iodide → potassium chloride + iodine
Symbol equation: Cl2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + I2(aq)
Word equation: chlorine + potassium bromide → potassium chloride + bromine
Symbol equation: Cl2(aq) + 2KBr(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
.
Word equation: fluorine + sodium bromide → sodium fluoride + bromine
Symbol equation: F2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq) → 2NaF(aq) + Br2(aq)
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Predicting properties of halogens:
Colour: Reactivity
Density:
• The halogens get darker down the group.
• Reactivity decreases down the group
• Physical states of halogens: State changes from F, Cl are gases; bromine is a
liquid and iodine and astatine are solids
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