Pathology: Paper I
General Pathology
Introduction to Pathology
SN
1. Telepathology (Pg. 7)
Injury, Cellular Adaptations and Cellular Aging
SN
1. Calcification*** - types*; Dystrophic Calcification; Dystrophic and Metastatic
Calcification - differences*
2. Apoptosis*** - define**, examples, enumerate morphological changes;
mechanisms; physiological and pathological causes
3. Endogenous Pigments*
*
4. Necrosis*** - types***; examples, mechanisms; Caseous Necrosis - morphology;
Coagulation and Liquefactive - write in detail with examples
5. Reperfusion Injury - define, mechanism
6. Define and give examples -
a) Metaplasia
b) Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia
c) Atrophy
7. Atrophy - define, Brown Atrophy of Heart - morphology, causes
LAQ
1. Necrosis* - define*, types* with examples*
2. Fatty Change - etiopathogenesis, Fatty Liver - morphology
3. What are Free Radicals, Free Radical-Induced Cell Injury - describe
4. Pigments - classify, Disorders associated with Hemoprotein-dervied Pigments -
describe
Immunopathology Including Amyloidosis
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1. Hypersensitivity* Reactions - define*; classify, discuss; Type I
Hypersensitivity Reactions - discuss
2. Amyloid***** - define, classify*, molecular structure, special stains***;
physiochemical properties
3. Sago Spleen; Amyloidosis of Spleen - gross, microscopic features
4. Autoimmune Disorders - mechanisms
5. Neoplasms found in patients with HIV infection
LAQ
1. Autoimmunity - define, pathogenesis
2. AIDS - etiology, routes of transmission, natural history (phases), diagnosis
Derangements of Homeostasis and Haemodynamics
SN
1. Infarct - define, types
2. Oedema* - define*, classify, Transudate and Exudate - differences*
3. Virchow's triad* - role in thrombus formation; Thrombus - gross,
microscopic features
4. Pathways leading to Systemic Oedema from Primary Heart Failure - draw figure
5. Embolism - define, Pulmonary Thromboembolism
6. Liver and Spleen in Right Sided Heart Failure - gross, microscopic features
LAQ
1. Oedema* - define*, types, pathogenesis, Pulmonary Oedema -
pathophysiologic mechanism, gross, microscopic changes
2. Embolism** - define, types* with examples; pathogenesis, morphological
appearance, fate; Embolus - define, types, Air Embolism
3. Thrombus - define, pathogenesis*, types, fate*, complications; Thrombosis - define
4. Normal Hemostasis - discuss, Thrombosis - factors causing
Inflammation and Healing
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1. Factors affecting Wound Healing*** - enumerate*; complications
2. Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis - describe
3. Lepromatous Leprosy* - gross, microscopic findings
4. Primary Tuberculosis - pathogenesis
5. Inflammation* - chemical mediators*
6. Ridley and Jopling Classification of Leprosy
7. Acute Inflammation*** - cellular events*; define, vascular events; types
8. Granulation Tissue - gross, microscopy, Delayed Wound Healing -
enumerate causes
9. Wound Healing by Primary Intention [sub-question]; Wound Healing by Secondary
Intention
10. Primary Tuberculosis - common sites, Primary Complex - components, Evolution
of Tubercle - draw schematic diagram
11. Ghon's Complex - gross, microscopic features, fate
LAQ
1. Inflammation* - define*, enumerate cardinal signs, Acute Inflammation - describe
vascular events; cellular events
2. Healing of Simple Fracture of Bone - describe, enumerate complications
3. Regeneration and Repair - explain, Factors affecting Wound Healing, Healing of
Fracture - write in detail
Neoplasia
SN
1. Precancerous Lesions
2. Tumour Markers - role in diagnosis
3. Anaplastic Tumor Cells - morphology
4. Oncogenic Viruses - enumerate, example of cancer caused by each
5. Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer - describe in brief
6. Paraneoplastic Syndromes*; examples
7. Chemical Carcinogenesis - explain process with examples
LAQ
1. Cancer - laboratory diagnosis
2. Benign and Malignant Neoplasms - differences****, Malignant Neoplasms - routes of
spread* with examples; Neoplasia******* - define*******, classification, laboratory
diagnosis*; Modes of Metastasis; Teratoma*; Chemical Carcinogenesis* -describe, steps
with examples; Pathways of spread of Malignant Neoplasms* - discuss
3. Major Chemical Carcinogens* - enumerate*, MOA; classify
4. Metastasis - define, mechanism, routes
Genetic and Paediatric Diseases
SN
1. Down's Syndrome
2. Trisomy 21
3. Klinefelter's Syndrome
Haematology
Introduction to Haematopoietic System and Disorders of
Erythroid Series
SN
1. Megaloblastic Anaemia - haematological findings
2. Megaloblast
3. Sickle Cell Anemia* - etiopathogenesis, laboratory investigations; peripheral blood
smear findings
LAQ
1. Megaloblastic Anaemia** - laboratory investigations; peripheral blood smear**,
bone marrow findings**
2. Anaemia******* - define**, classification******, Iron Deficiency Anaemia**** -
laboratory diagnosis****; Anemia - morphological classification with examples
3. Hemolytic Anaemia - laboratory investigations*
4. Macrocytic Anaemia - causes (sub-question)
Disorders of Platelets, Bleeding Disorders and Basic
Transfusion Medicine
SN
6. Haemophilia
7. Prothrombin Time - principle of test, causes of increased PT
8. Causes of Thrombocytopenia - enumerate
9. Major Fractions of Blood - utility; Blood Components - name four
LAQ
2. Bleeding Disorders - define, classify, screening laboratory tests to
investigate them
3. Write different Transfusion Reactions [sub-question]
4. Blood Component, Blood Transfusion Reactions - describe
Disorders of Leukocytes and Lymphoreticular Tissues
SN
1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - peripheral blood smear and bone marrow
aspiration findings
2. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia* - peripheral blood picture*; clinical features
3. Acute Leukemias - FAB Classification
4. Acute Myeloid Leukemia - FAB classification, peripheral smear, bone marrow
picture
LAQ
1. Leukemia* - define*, classify*, CML - peripheral blood smear, bone marrow findings;
Acute Leukemia - FAB classification, cytochemical stains, laboratory findings
Unspecified
SN
1. Criteria for selection of Blood Donor****
2. Coomb's Test* - indications for direct and indirect
3. Postmortem changes in body after death
4. Investigation of suspected Blood Transfusion Reaction
5. Atherosclerosis - etiopathogenesis
6. Uterine Leiomyoma - gross, microscopic features, complications
LAQ
1. Investigations done in a case of Blood Transfusion Reaction [sub-question]
Pathology: Paper - II
Blood Vessels and Lymphatics
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1. Atherosclerotic Plaque - risk factors, morphology (Pg 373, 377)
2. Aneurysm - types, causes, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - gross features (Pg 386)
3. Atherosclerosis* - complications; Risk Factors
4. Atherosclerosis of Aorta - pathogenesis, gross, microscopy
LAQ
1. Atherosclerosis* - pathogenesis, morphology, pathology, complications
Heart
SN
1. Acute Myocardial Infarction* - complications; Laboratory Diagnosis (Pg. 409, 414)
2. Hypertensive Heart Disease - morphology (Pg. 417)
3. Extracardiac Lesions in Rheumatic Heart Disease (Pg. 423)
4. Rheumatic and Bacterial Endocarditis - differentiate (Pg. 426)
LAQ
1. Rheumatic Heart Disease - etiopathogenesis, extracardiac lesions
2. [Define Infarct, enzymes used in diagnosis of MI, gross and microscopic features as
per age of infarct]* (Pg. 412, 414)
3. MI** - laboratory evaluation, consequence, complications; morphological changes;
pathogenesis, gross, microscopic appearance (Pg. 409-415)
4. Causes of Vegetations in Heart, Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (Pg. 426)
5. Ischemic Heart Disease - classify, MI - gross, microscopy (Pg. 407)
Respiratory System
SN
1. Lung abscess* - etiology* and morphology; clinical features (Pg. 457)
2. Lung Carcinoma* - histologic classification, clinical presentations, Small Cell
Carcinoma - morphology (Pg. 477, 480)
3. Pathogenesis of Emphysema*; Gross, Microscopic features (Pg. 459)
4. Bronchiectasis* - morphology, complications, gross, microscopic features (Pg. 465)
5. Lobar Pneumonia - stages, microscopy, gross of each stage (Pg. 449)
LAQ
1. Lung Tumors - WHO classification, etiopathogenesis, morphology (Pg. 477)
2. Lobar Pneumonia - etiopathogenesis, gross, microscopic features, complications (Pg.
419)
Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands
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1. Pleomorphic Adenoma of Salivary Gland (Pg. 516)
Gastrointestinal Tract
SN
1. Gastritis - classification, Acute Gastritis - etiologic agents
2. Gastric Carcinoma* - morphology; Gross, Microscopic appearance (Pg. 538)
3. H. Pylori Gastritis (Pg. 530, 531)
4. Ulcerative Lesions of Small and Large Intestine*
5. Chronic Peptic Ulcer - enumerate risk factors, pathogenesis (Pg. 533)
6. Difference between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease* (Pg. 552)
7. Typhoid and Tubercular Ulcers of Intestine - differentiating features (Pg. 553, 554)
8. Benign and Malignant Gastric Ulcer - differentiate (Pg. 543)
9. Role of H. Pylori in Peptic Ulcer (Pg. 533)
LAQ
1. Ulcerative Lesions of Bowel* - list, morphology of any one; Ulcerative Colitis - gross,
microscopic features (Pg. 550)
2. Carcinoma of Rectum (Pg. 570)
3. Carcinoma Colon - etiology, gross, microscopic findings, spread (Pg. 570)
4. Gastric Carcinoma* - etiopathogenesis, gross, microscopic features (Pg. 538)
Liver, Biliary Tract and Exocrine Pancreas
SN
1. Alcoholic Liver Disease - morphological lesions
2. Acute Viral Hepatitis - morphologic features (Pg. 595)
3. Tabulate differences in LFT in Hemolytic, Hepatocellular, Obstructive Jaundice
4. Primary Carcinoma of Liver - pathogenesis, morphological features (Pg. 618)
5. Obstructive Jaundice - laboratory findings
6. Fatty Liver - etiopathogenesis (Pg. 606)
7. Describe sequence of Serologic Markers for Hepatitis B Viral Hepatitis in Acute
Infection (Pg. 592)
8. Amoebic Liver Abscess - clinical presentation, gross, microscopic features (Pg. 600)
LAQ
1. Define/Classify/Causes of Jaundice*, Obstructive Jaundice - laboratory diagnosis;
Laboratory Approach* in a case of Jaundice
2. Alcoholic Liver Disease**** - pathogenesis*, morphology*, histology, complications;
Cirrhosis - define, classify* (Pg. 603)
3. Post Necrotic Cirrhosis - etiopathogenesis, morphology (Pg. 609)
Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract
SN
1. Renal Cell Carcinoma* - gross and microscopic features (Pg. 681)
2. Classify Glomerular Diseases, describe morphology of Membranous Glomerulopathy
(Pg. 647, 656)
3. Chronic Pyelonephritis* - gross, microscopic appearance of kidneys (Pg. 669)
4. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis - classification, pathogenesis (Pg. 654)
5. Nephrotic Syndrome - features (Pg. 648)
6. Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis - etiology, gross, microscopic features (Pg.
652)
LAQ
1. Glomerulonephritis - classify, Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis - types, gross,
microscopic features (Pg. 652, 663, 654)
2. Glomerular Syndromes - enumerate, Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
etiopathogenesis, morphology, clinical course (Pg. 647)
3. Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis - etiopathogenesis, morphology, clinical
course (Pg. 652)
Male Reproductive System
SN
1. Teratoma of Testis - gross, microscopic features
2. Seminoma***** - gross and microscopic features; Labelled diagram; Classical
Seminoma - morphology, modes of spread (Pg. 697)
3. Classify Testicular Tumors* (Pg. 695)
4. Teratoma - define, classify, Extragonadal sites of appearance (Pg. 699)
5. Testicular Germ Cell Tumors - ennumerate, describe any one
Female Genital Tract
SN
1. Fibroid Uterus - gross, microscopic, complications
2. Germ Cell Tumors of Ovary - classify, Dysgerminoma - gross, microscopic findings
(Pg. 735, 737)
3. Teratoma - define, classify, Extragonadal sites of appearance (Pg. 735)
Breast
SN
1. Fibroadenoma Breast** - gross and microscopic features (Pg. 748)
2. Prognostic, Predictive factors in Carcinoma Breast (Pg. 757)
3. Classify Breast Tumours* (Pg. 751)
LAQ
1. Breast Carcinoma* - classify*, Grading, Staging, Prognostic Factors; risk factors,
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (Pg. 750, 752)
Skin
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1. Squamous Carcinoma Skin - pathogenesis, morphology (Pg. 774)
2. Melanoma of Skin* (Pg. 777)
Endocrine System
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1. MEN Syndromes (Pg. 819)
2. Oral GTT (indications, interpretation of result) (Pg. 817)
3. Tumors of Thyroid - classify, Colloid Goitre (Pg. 800, 797)
4. Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Pg. 818)
5. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis - gross, morphologic features, complications (Pg. 795)
LAQ
1. Diabetes Mellitus - diagnostic criteria*, Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis - pathogenesis,
morphology; Diabetic Nephropathy (Pg. 816, 664)
2. Oral GTT - indications, method, interpretation (Pg. 817)
3. Diabetes Mellitus*** - laboratory investigations**; etiology, classification;
Investigations with their significance; Classify* (Pg. 816, 809)
Musculoskeletal System
SN
1. Osteogenic Sarcoma*** - radiologic, gross*, microscopic* findings (Pg. 832)
LAQ
1. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Pg. 843)
2. Primary Bone Tumours - classify*, Osteosarcoma* - morphology, clinical course (Pg.
832)
3. Osteomyelitis - define, Pyogenic Osteomyelitis - gross, microscopic features, clinical
course (Pg. 822)
Nervous System
SN
1. Tabulate differences in CSF examination in Pyogenic, Tuberculous*, Viral Meningitis;
CSF findings in Meningitis (Pg. 868)
2. Meningioma** - gross, microscopic features (Pg. 882)
3. Acute (purulent) Leptomeningitis - morphology, CSF findings (Pg. 868)
LAQ
1. Pyogenic Meningitis - aetiology, indication of CSF examination, CSF findings in
Pyogenic and Tuberculous Meningitis (Pg. 867, 868)
Cell Injury, Cellular Adaptation and Cellular Aging
SN
1. Fatty Liver - etiopathogenesis (Pg. 19)
2. Classify Pigment, Disorders of Melanin Pigmentation - describe (Pg. 22)
Immunopathology Including Amyloidosis
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1. Classification of Amyloidosis (Pg. 70)
Inflammation and Healing
SN
1. Difference between Acute and Chronic Inflammation (Pg. 137)
2. Pulmonary Tuberculosis - morphological features of lesions (Pg. 143)
Neoplasia
SN
1. Paraneoplastic Syndromes (Pg. 225)
2. Utility of Frozen Sections (Pg. 227)
LAQ
1. Neoplasia - define, etiopathogenesis of Neoplasms (Pg. 184)
Disorders of Leucocytes and Lymphoreticular Tissues
SN
1. Classify Hodgkin's Lymphoma**, Mixed Cellularity type - two important features;
Classify Lymphoma, Types of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - describe in short; Describe a
Reed Sternberg Cell and its variants; Gross, Microscopic Features (Pg. 348)
2. Splenomegaly* - list associated diseases; Classification (Pg. 367)
3. Classify Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (Pg. 348, 352)
