Chemistry Chapter 1

Q1. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (I) nitrate in a boiling tube,
copper oxide

(black), oxygen gas, and a brown gas X is formed

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

(b) Identity the brown gas X evolved.

(c) Identify the type of reaction.

(d) What could be the pH range of the aqueous solution of the gas X?

Answer:

(a ) 2 CuNO3 (s) + Heat → 2 CuO (s) + 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g)

(b ) The brown gas is of nitrogen dioxide.

(c ) It is a thermal decomposition reaction.

(d ) NO2 gas reacts with water to produce nitric acid. Thus, its pH range will be
less than 7.

Q2. Give the characteristic tests for the following gases

(a ) CO2

(b ) SO2

(c ) O2

(d ) H2

Answer:

The characteristics test for

(a ) CO2: CO2 turns lime water milky due to the formation of insoluble calcium
carbonate.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O

(b ) SO2: SO2 turns purple coloured acidic potassium permanganate solution

colourless.
5 SO2 + 2 KMnO4 + 2 H2O → K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 2 H2SO4

(c ) O2: We can confirm the evolution of oxygen gas by bringing a burning candle
near the mouth of the test tube containing the reaction mixture. The intensity of
the flame increases because oxygen supports burning.

(d ) H2: Hydrogen (H2) gas burns with a pop sound when a burning candle is
brought near it.

Q3. What happens when a piece of

(a) Zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?

(b) Aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?

(c) Silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?

Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction occurs

Answer:

(a ) Zinc metal reacts with copper sulphate solution and forms colourless zinc
sulphate and reddish-brown copper metal.

Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

(b ) Aluminium metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form aluminium

chloride and hydrogen gas.

2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)

(c ) Silver is less reactive than copper. Hence, no reaction will occur.

Q4. When zinc granules are treated with a dilute solution of H2SO4, HCI, HNO3,
NaCI and NaOH. Write the chemical equations if a reaction occurs.

Answer:

 Zinc granules react with dilute sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and
hydrogen gas.

Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

 Zinc granules react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and
hydrogen gas.

Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

  Zinc granules react with dilute nitric acid to form zinc nitrate, water and
dinitrogen gas.

Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O (l) + N2O (g)

 Zinc does not react with sodium chloride

Zn (s) + NaCl → No Reaction.

 Zinc granules react with dilute sodium hydroxide to form zinc hydroxide
and hydrogen gas.

Zn (s) + NaOH (aq) → Zn(OH)2 (aq) + Na (g)

Q5. A white precipitate is obtained when adding a drop of barium chloride

solution to an aqueous sodium sulphite solution.

(a ) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved

(b ) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?

(c ) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white residue

disappears. Why?

Answer:

(a ) BaCl2 + Na2SO3 ⟶ BaSO3 + 2 NaCl

(b ) It can be assigned as a double displacement reaction.

(c ) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white residue

disappears due to the formation of barium chloride.

BaSO3 + 2 HCl ⟶ BaCl2 + SO2 + H2O

Q6. You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium.
You are also

provided with dilute HCI, HNO3, ZnCl2 and H2O solutions. In which of the above

containers we can keep these solutions?

Answer:

The solution of dilute HCI, HNO3, ZnCl2 and H2O can be kept in a container made
of copper since copper is a less reactive metal and is placed below the
hydrogen in the reactivity series. Hence it does not react with HCI, HNO 3,
ZnCl2 and H2O. At the same time, aluminium is a highly reactive metal and can
react with these solutions. Thus container made of copper is suitable to keep the
given solutions.

Question 1.
Identify ‘x’, ‘y’ and ‘z’ in the following reaction :

(a) x = gas; y = reaction condition; z = gas

(b) x = solid; y = liquid; z = gas
(c) x = number of moles of KClO3; y = reaction condition; z = number of
molecules of oxygen
(d) x = physical state of KClO3 and KCl;
y = reaction condition, z = physical state of O2. (2020)
Answer:

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Following is a balanced chemical equation for the action of steam
on iron : 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Reason (R): The law of conservation of mass holds good for a chemical equation.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
assertion (A)

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (2020)
Answer:
A balanced chemical equation must obey the law of conservation of mass.

Question 3.
(a) State the law that is followed by balancing a chemical equation.
(b) Balance the following chemical equation: Na + H3O → NaOH + H2 (Board
Term I, 2013)
Answer:
(a) Law of conservation of mass is followed for balancing a chemical equation
which states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical
reaction. That is, the total mass of the elements present in the products of a
chemical reaction has to be equal to the total mass of the elements present in
the reactants in a balanced equation.

(b) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Question 4.
Explain the significance of photosynthesis.
Write the balanced chemical equation involved in the process. (Board Term I,
2017)
Answer:
Photosynthesis means synthesis with the help of light. It is the process that
gives life to all living beings.
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants utilize carbon dioxide and water in
the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 5.
Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
(a) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(b) Lead + Copper chloride → Lead chloride + Copper
(c) Zinc oxide + Carbon → Zinc + Carbon monoxide (Board Term I, 2014)
Answer:
(a) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
(b) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq)+ Cu(s)
(c) ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)

Question 6.
Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq)
This reaction can be classified as
(A) Combination reaction
(B) Exothermic reaction
(C) Endothermic reaction
(D) Oxidation reaction
Which of the following is a correct option? (2020)
(a) (A) and (C)
(b) (C) and (D)
(c) (A), (C) and (D)
(d) (A) and (B)
Answer:
(d) The reaction between CaO and H2O to form Ca(OH)2 is an exothermic
combination reaction.

Question 7.
When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a blue solution of copper
sulphate, a black precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained and the sulphuric
acid so formed remains in the solution. The reaction is an example of a (2020)
(a) combination reaction
(b) displacement reaction
(c) decomposition reaction
(d) double displacement reaction.
Answer:
(d) CuSO4 + H2S → CuS + H2SO4
It is a double displacement reaction as in this reaction CuSO4 and H2S reacting
by exchange of Cu2+ and H+ ions to from two new compounds i.e., CuS and
H2SO4.

Question 8.
In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction between sodium
sulphate solution and barium chloride solution :
(A) exchange of atoms takes place
(B) exchange of ions takes place
(C) a precipitate is produced
(D) an insoluble salt is produced
The correct option is (2020)
(a) (B) and (D)
(b) (A) and (C)
(c) only (B)
(d) (B), (C) and (D)
Answer:
(d) In this reaction exchange of Na+ and Ba2+ ions takes place forming
BaSO4 which is a white precipitate i.e., an insoluble salt.
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓+ 2NaCl

Question 9.
In which of the following, the identity of initial substance remains unchanged?
(2020)
(a) Curdling of milk
(b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation
(c) Fermentation of grapes
(d) Digestion of food
Answer:
(b): Formation of crystals is a physical change rest others are chemical change.

Question 10.
Study the following equation of a chemical reaction: (Board Term 1, 2015)
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
(i) Identify the type of reaction.
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation of another example of this type of
reaction.
Answer:
(i) Combination reaction.
(ii) Another example of combination reaction is
Question 11.
State the type of chemical reactions, represented by the following equations :
(Board Term I, 2014)
(a) A + BC → AC + B
(b) A + B → C
(c) PQ + RS → PS + RQ
(d) A2O3 + 2B → B2O3 + 2A
Answer:
(a) Displacement reaction.
(b) Combination reaction.
(c) Double displacement reaction.
(d) Displacement reaction or redox reaction.

Question 12.
1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. What change takes
place on heating? When hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, a
visible change is seen in it. Give the chemical equations of reactions, the name
and the colour of the products formed in each case. (2020)
Answer:
When copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface of
copper powder becomes coated with a black substance which is copper oxide.

When hydrogen gas is passed over CuO, the black coating on the surface turned
reddish brown due to the formation of Cu.

Question 13.
A compound ‘A’ is used in the manufacture of cement. When dissolved in water,
it evolves a large amount of heat and forms compound ‘B’.
(i) Identify A and B.
(ii) Write chemical equation for the reaction of A with water.
(iii) List two types of reaction in which this reaction may be classified. (2020)
Answer:
(i) A is calcium oxide, CaO which is used in the manufacturing of cement.
B is calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)3.

(iii) The given reaction is a combination reaction.

Example : NH3(g)(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
2NO(g) + 02(g) → 2NO2(g)

Question 14.
Mention with reason the colour changes observe when:
(i) silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
(ii) copper powder is strongly heated in the presence of oxygen.
(iii) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution. (2020)
Answer:
(i) When white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight, its colour changes to
grey as it decomposes to silver in the presence of sunlight.

This type of reaction is called photodecomposition reaction.

(ii) When copper powder is strongly heated in presence of oxygen, the reddish
brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance which
is copper oxide.

(iii) When a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution, then the blue
colour of copper sulphate fades gradually due to the formation of colourless zinc
sulphate solution and reddish brown copper metal gets deposited on zinc piece.

Question 15.
Lead nitrate solution is added to a test tube containing potassium iodide
solution.
(a) Write the name and colour of the compound precipitated.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
(c) Name the type of this reaction justifying your answer. (2020)
Answer:
(a) When lead nitrate is added to potassium iodide then yellow precipitate of
lead iodide is formed along with potassium nitrate.
(b) Balanced chemical reaction is as follows :

(c) This type of reaction is called precipitation reaction in which one of the
products formed is an insoluble substance or this is also called double
displacement reaction.

Question 16.
2 g of silver chloride is taken in a China dish and the China dish is placed in
sunlight for sometime. What will be your observation in this case? Write the
chemical reaction involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation. Identify
the type of chemical reaction. (Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Refer to answer 14(i).

Question 17.
Identify the type of reactions taking place in each of the following cases and
write the balanced chemical equation for the reactions.
(a) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to produce zinc nitrate and silver.
(b) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to produce potassium nitrate and
lead iodide. (Delhi 2019)
Answer:
(a) It is a displacement reaction.

(b) Refer to answer 15.

Question 18.
2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube. (Al 2019, Board
Term 1, 2017, 2016)
(a) List any two observations.
(b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
(c) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the products
formed.
Answer:
(a) Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO4.7H2O) lose water when heated and the
colour of the crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide (Fe2O3),
sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3) with a smell of burning sulphur.
(b) This is a thermal decomposition reaction.

Question 19.
You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a China dish, the
reddish brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black
substance. (AI 2019)
(a) Why has this black substance formed?
(b) What is the black substance?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
(d) How can the black coating on the surface be turned reddish brown?
Answer:
(a) The black substance is formed because copper combines with oxygen.
(b) The black substance is copper oxide (CuO).

(d) The black coating on the surface can be turned reddish brown by passing
hydrogen gas over the hot copper oxide.

Question 20.
Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or
electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for
decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and
electricity. (2018)
Answer:
Decomposition reaction involving absorption of heat:

Decomposition reaction involving absorption of light:

Decomposition reaction involving absorption of electrical energy:

Question 21.
Take 3 g of barium hydroxide in a test tube, now add about 2 g of ammonium
chloride and mix the contents with the help of a glass rod. Now touch the test
tube from outside.
(i) What do you feel on touching the test tube?
(ii) State the inference about the type of reaction occurred.
(iii) Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved. (Board Term
I, 2017)
Answer:
(i) When barium hydroxide is added into ammonium chloride, the bottom of test
tube is found to be cooler.
(ii) It is an endothermic reaction.
(iii) Ba(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → BaCl2 + 2NH4OH

Question 22.
(a) A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an
insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and
also mention the type of the chemical reaction.
(b) Ferrous sulphate when heated, decomposes with the evolution of a gas
having a characteristic odour of burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction
involved and identify the type of reaction. (Board Term I, 2016)
Answer:
(a)
It is a double displacement reaction.
(b) Refer to answer 18(b) and (c).

Question 23.
Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation:
(Board Term I, 2016)
(i) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
(ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4

Answer:
(i) Combination reaction.
(ii) Precipitation reaction or double displacement reaction.
(iii) Thermal decomposition reaction.

Question 24.
What is a reduction reaction?
Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in
the following reactions. (Board Term I, 2015)
(a) Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe
(b) 2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO2
Answer:
Those reactions in which addition of hydrogen to a substance or removal of
oxygen from a substance take place are called reduction reactions.

Fe2O3 is getting reduced to Fe and Al is getting oxidised to Al2O3.

PbO is reduced to Pb and C is oxidised to CO2.

Question 25.
(a) Can a displacement reaction be a redox reaction? Explain with the help of an
example.
(b) Write the type of chemical reaction in the following:
(i) Reaction between an acid and a base
(ii) Rusting of iron. (Board Term I, 2017)
Answer:
(a) Consider the following displacement reaction:
Zn(s)+ CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Here, Zn has changed into ZnSO4 (i.e., Zn2+ ions) by loss of electrons. Hence,
Zn has been oxidised. CuSO4 (i.e., Cu2+) has changed into Cu by gain of
electrons. Hence, CuSO4 has been reduced. Thus, the above reaction is a
displacement reaction as well as a redox reaction.

(b) (i) Neutralisation reaction

(ii) Oxidation reaction.

Question 26.
Mention the type of chemical reaction that takes place when: (Board Term I,
2013)
(i) a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air.
(ii) limestone is heated.
(iii) silver bromide is exposed to sunlight.
(iv) electricity is passed through acidified water.
(v) ammonia and hydrogen chloride are mixed with each other.
Write the chemical equation for each reaction.
Answer:

This is a combination reaction.

This is a thermal decomposition reaction.

This is a photo decomposition reaction.

This is electrolytic decomposition reaction.

This is a combination reaction.

Question 27.What happens when food materials containing fats and oils are left
for a long time? List two observable changes and suggest three ways by which
this phenomenon can be prevented. (2020)

Answer:Food materials containing fats and oils change their taste and smell due
to a process called rancidity. Rancidity is a process in which air reacts with fats
and oils which changes the smell and taste of food.
Methods of prevention:Vacuum packing,refrigeration of food materials,
placing of food materials, away from direct sunlight.

Question 28.
(i) Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction?
(ii) Write chemical name and the formula of the brown gas produced during
thermal decomposition of lead nitrate.
(iii) Why do chips manufactures flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen?
(Board Term I, 2015)
Answer:
(i) The glucose produced in our body during digestion combines with oxygen in
the cells of our body and provides energy. The special name of this reaction is
respiration. Thus respiration is an exothermic process because energy is
produced during this process.
C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + Energy

Brown gas evolved is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

(iii) Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen
because atmospheric oxygen can react with chips which may cause change in
colour, change in taste. So to cut the contact between air and the chips,
nitrogen gas is used which do prevent its oxidation