Chassis serial number: 5356587
01-30 Turbocharger
Function - Turbocharger
The turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor. The turbine is driven by the
engine exhaust gases. The compressor compresses the engine intake air.
The compressor impeller and turbine wheel are located on the same shaft. The bearing
housing is situated between the compressor and the turbine.
When the engine output increases, the engine produces more exhaust gases. This increases
the speed of the turbine wheel, and thus of the compressor. The air mass is thus
automatically adjusted to the requirements of the engine, and no separate regulating
system is required.
The compressor impeller and turbine wheel rotate very rapidly. At full power, rotational
speed is around 100,000 rpm. At the same time the temperature around the turbine wheel
is above 600°C. This places high demands on the rotating parts, on balancing, cooling and
lubrication. If the turbine wheel or compressor impeller is damaged, the turbocharger
must be renewed.
15/07/2022 ([Link]) [Multi_Authorized_Manager] © Scania CV 1 of 3
Chassis serial number: 5356587
Some types of turbocharger are equipped with a wastegate valve. The function of the
wastegate valve is to reduce the flow over the turbine so that the maximum speed of the
turbocharger is not exceeded.
When the pressure in the compressor housing becomes too high, the wastegate valve
opens. The exhaust gases move past the turbine through a bypass duct and the rotation
speed in the turbocharger is reduced.
The shaft between the turbine and compressor is mounted in 2 radial bearings which
rotate freely (in a thin oil film) and a thrust bearing in the bearing housing. The bearing
housing is sealed off from the turbine and the compressor with sealing rings.
A blocked air cleaner will cause excessive vacuum in the intake pipe. There is then a risk
of oil mist being drawn from the bearing housing. It can also result in a higher fuel
consumption, a higher exhaust gas temperature and a higher turbocharger speed.
If the sealing ring on the turbine side is worn, the exhaust gases will be blue when idling.
Foreign particles, e.g. grains of sand or metal particles, in the turbine or the compressor
will ruin the vanes of the wheel. This will lead to imbalance and bearing wear. The power
output of the engine decreases, and if the engine is still running the reduced air supply
may cause overheating and engine damage. This type of overheating is not noticeable on
the coolant temperature gauge.
Even small leaks in the pipe between the air cleaner and the turbocharger will cause dirt to
be deposited on the compressor impeller. The charge air pressure is reduced, which results
in an increase in the exhaust gas temperature, smoke, and leads to a reduction in the
service life of the engine.
Leaks in the exhaust pipe between the cylinder head and the turbocharger will result in a
low charge air pressure.
15/07/2022 ([Link]) [Multi_Authorized_Manager] © Scania CV 2 of 3
Chassis serial number: 5356587
Flow principle
15/07/2022 ([Link]) [Multi_Authorized_Manager] © Scania CV 3 of 3
