Addis Ababa University
Department of Mathematics
APPLIED MATHEMATICS II (Math2042)
Final Examination
Date: February 07, 2024
1
Time Allowed: 2 hrs.
2
Name: ANSWER KEY
PART I: Give short and simplified answer for the following questions. [Each is worth 2 pts]
p
x2 + y 2 + 1 − 1 1
1. lim 2 2
=
(x,y)→(0,0) x +y 2
∂z
2. If z(x, y) satisfies the equation x + y − sin(x + z) = 0, then = −1
∂y (0,0,π)
x2
3. If the directional derivative of of f (x, y) = in the direction of the unit vector(s) at the
x2 + y 2
1
point (1, 1) is , then the unit vector(s) is(are) u = (1.0) and u = (0. − 1)
2
4. The equation of the plane tangent to the surface defined by z − 2 = x3 + y 3 − 3xy at the
point (1, 1, 1) is z = 1
5. The value (s) of k so that f (x, y) = x2 + kxy + 4y 2 attains a relative minimum at (2, −1) is(are)
4
√
Rα R3 x 48
6. If ydydx = , then α = 8
0 0 5
−1 (y) π
R1 cosR R2 cos
Rx
7. When the order of integration is reversed, f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx
0 0 0 0
p
8. The surface area of the portion of
√ the cone z = x2 + y 2 above the plane region R bounded by
2 2 2 2
x + y = 1 and x + y = 4 is 3 2π unit square.
√ ∞
3
8n3 + n − 4 √ n
9. The sequence √ + ln n converges to 2 .
4n2 − 1 n=1
∞ (−3)n
P 4 117
10. 2
+ n+1 = .
n=1 (n + 2n) 5 40
P∞ (x − 2)n
11. The value(s) of x for which the power series converges conditionally is (are) x = 1 ..
n=1 n
∞ (−1)n xn+1
12. The Maclaurin’s series expansion of f (x) = xe−x is
P
.
n=0 n!
Page 2
PART II: Solve the following problems by showing all the necessary steps clearly and
neatly.
1 1
1. Find the extreme values of f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 − xy + 4 over the region R, where R is a triangular
3 3
region whose vertices are (−1, 1), (1, 1), and (1, −1). [ 5 pts.]
Answer:
Critical point(s)
1 1
f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 − xy + 4 ⇒ fx (x, y) = x2 − y, fy (x, y) = y 2 − x. In order to find the critical
3 3
point of f , we solve for x, y such that fx = 0, and fy = 0. Thus, we found a system
2
x −y =0
y 2 − x = 0,
Thus, (0, 0) and (1, 1) are critical points in the triangular region R. 1 point
The graph is sketched as follows. The critical points are on the boundaries of the region R.
Considering the boundaries of the rectangular region
(i) On l1 : x = 1,
y3 13
f (x, y) = f (1, y) = −y+ ⇒ y = ±1 is the critical point of f on l1 .
3 3
11
Since f 00 (1) > 0, it is clear by second derivative test that f (1) = is minimum, and since
00
3
f (−1) = −2 < 0, f (−1) = 5 is maximum.
1 point
Page 3
(ii) On l2 : y = 1,
x3 13
f (x, y) = f (x, 1) = −x+ ⇒ x = ±1 is the critical point on l2 . Using the second
3 3
11
derivative test, one can observe that f (1, 1) = is minimum, and f (−1, 1) = 5 is maximum.
3
1 point
(iii) On l3 : y = −x,
f (x, y) = f (x, −x)x2 + 4 ⇒ f (0, 0) = 4 is minimum.
1 point
11
Therefore, f (−1, 1) = f (1, −1) = 5 is the maximum, and f (1, 1) = is the minimum value on
3
R.
1 point
Page 4
RR
2. Using appropriate change of variables, evaluate the integral (x2 − y 2 )dA, where R is a region
R
inside the curves defined by |x| + |y| = 1. [ 5 pts.]
Answer:
The region R is a square bounded by the lines x + y = 1, x + y = −1, x − y = −1 and x − y = 1.
1 point
Here, we apply transformation of the region R, using the following relations:
u = x + y, and v = x − y
u+v u−v
This gives us x = and y = .
2 2
Moreover, the function f (x, y) = x2 − y 2 = (x + y)(x − y) = uv.
1 point
Using the boundaries of the region R, we obtain the following results.
x + y = −1 ⇒ u = −1, x + y = 1 ⇒ u = 1, x − y = −1 ⇒ v = −1, and x − y = −1 ⇒ v = 1.
Thus, the transformed region S is given by
S = {(u, v) : −1 ≤ u ≤ 1, −1 ≤ v ≤ 1}
1 point
1 1
2 2 1
In this case, J(u, v) = =− .
1 1 2
−
2 2
1 point
RR R1 R1 1 R1 R1
Therefore, (x2 − y 2 )dA = uv|J(u, v)|dudv = uvdudv = 0
R −1 −1 2 −1 −1
1 point
Page 5
√ √
4−x2 −y 2
R2 R 2
9−x R 3
3. Using cylindrical coordinates, evaluate the integral z(x2 + y 2 ) 2 dzdydx [5 pts.]
0 0 0
Answer:
We substitute x = r cos θ, x = r sin θ, and z = z. Thus, the region with cylindrical coordinates, is
given by
√ π
D = {(r, θ, z) : 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 − r2 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ , 0 ≤ r ≤ 2}
2
2 point
Thus,
√ √ π √
4−x2 −y 2
Z2 Z9−x2 Z Z2 Z2 Z4−r2
3 3
z(x2 + y 2 ) 2 dzdydx = z(r2 ) 2 dz(rdrdθ)
0 0 0 0 0 0
π √
Z 2 Z2 Z4−r2
= zr4 dzdrdθ
0 0 0
1 point
π π
Z2 Z2 Z2 2
1 4 1 6 4r5 r7
= (4r − r )drdθ = − dθ
2 2 5 7 0
0 0 0
π
Z 2 π
1 256 1 256 2 64π
= dθ = θ =
2 35 2 35 0 35
0
2 point
4. Use spherical coordinates to find the volumepof the ice-cream cone bounded above by the sphere
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and below by the cone z = 3x2 + 3y 2 . [ 5 pts.]
Answer:
The intersection of the cone and the sphere is obtained from
p
x2 + y 2 + ( 3x2 + 3y 2 )2 = 4x2 + 4y 2 = 4 ⇒ x2 + y 2 = 1
which is a unit circle centered at the origin.
1 point
Page 6
In order to determine the spherical representation of the region R, we substitute the spherical
p 2
coordinates z = ρ cos φ,√x = ρ sin φ cos θ, and y = ρ sin φ sin θ in the function z = 3x2 + 3y 2 .
This gives us ρ cos φ = 3 sin φ, which means
1 −1 1 π
tan φ = √ ⇒ φ = tan √ =
3 3 6
1 point
The region interms of spherical coordinates is given by
π
D = {(ρ, φ, θ, ) : 0 ≤ φ ≤ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 1}
6
1 point
π √ !
RRR R2π R6 R1 2π 3
The volume of the region is dV = ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ = 1−
D 0 0 0 3 2
2 point
Page 7
5. Consider a 2- periodic function f (x) defined by
0, −1 ≤ x < 0
f (x) =
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,
(a) Sketch the graph of f (x) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3.
(b) Find the Fourier series of f . [ 6 pts.]
∞
P 1 π2
(c) By evaluating the Fourier series of f (x) at x = 0, show that 2
= .
n=1 (2n − 1) 8
Answer:
(a) Graph of f (x) on −3 ≤ x ≤ 3.
1 point
(b) First we determine the Fourier coefficients as follows.
Z1 Z0 Z1 1
x2
1 1
a0 = f (x)dx = 0dx + xdx = 0 + =
l 2 0 2
−1 −1 0
1 point
Z1 Z0 Z1
1 nπx
an = f (x) cos dx = 0dx + x cos nπxdx
l l
−1 −1 0
1
(−1)n − 1
x sin nπx cos nπx
= + =
nπ (nπ)2 0 (nπ)2
1 point
Page 8
Z1 Z0 Z1
1 nπx
bn = f (x) sin dx = 0dx + x sin nπxdx
l l
−1 −1 0
1
(−1)n+1
−x cos nπx sin nπx
= + =
nπ (nπ)2 0 nπ
1 point
The Fourier series of f (x) is
∞ ∞
((−1)n − 1) cos nπx (−1)n+1 sin nπx
a0 X nπx nπx 1 X
f (x) ∼ + an cos + bn sin = + +
2 n=1
l l 4 n=1 (nπ)2 nπ
1 point
(b) Since f is continuous at x = 0, Dirichlet condition shows that the Fourier series converges to
f (0) = 0. That is,
∞
((−1)n − 1)
1 X 1 1 1 1 1
0= + = − 2 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 2 + ···
4 n=1 (nπ)2 4 π 12 3 5
∞
1 1 X 1
⇒ = 2
4 π n=1 (2n − 1)2
∞
P 1 π2
Rearranging results in 2
= .
n=1 (2n − 1) 8
1 point
Page 9
