CHAPTER -1.

Important questions for class 12 chemistry

chapter Solid State
Objective or short questions

1. The co-ordination number of metal crystallizing in a hexagonal close packed structure is

(a) 12 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6

2. The anions (a) form hexagonal closest packing and atoms (c) occupy only 2/3 of octahedral voids
in it, then the general formula of the compound is

(a) CA (b) C2A2 (c) C2A3 (d) C3A2

3. Silver iodide has the same structure as zinc sulfide, and its density is 5.67gcm–3. The edge length
of the unit cell is

(a) 4.50 Å (b) 5.50 Å (c) 6.50 Å (d) 7.50 Å

4. In the closest packing of atom A of radius ra, the radius of atom B that can be fitted in tetrahedral
void is

(a) 0.225 (b) 0.155 ra (c) 0.414 ra (d) 0.732 ra

5. If the unit cell length of sodium chloride crystal is 600pm, then its density will be

(a) 2.165gm/cm3 (b) 3.247gm/cm3 (c) 1.79 gm/cm3 (d)1.082 gm/cm3

6. In a cubic packed structure of mixed oxides, the lattice is made up of oxide ions, one fifth of

tetrahedral voids are occupied by divalent (X++) ions, while one-half of the octahedral voids are

occupied by trivalent ions (Y+++), then the formula of the oxides.

(a) XY2O4 (b) X2YO4 (c) X4Y5O10 (d) X5Y4O10

7. If three elements X, Y & Z crystallized in cubic solid lattice with X atoms at corners, Y atoms at

cube centre & Z-atoms at the edges, then the formula of the compound is:

(a) XYZ (b) XY3Z (c) XYZ3 (d)X3YZ

8. If the edge-length of the unit cell of Sodium chloride is 600pm, and the ionic radius of Cl- ion is

190pm, then the ionic radius of Na+ ion is

(a) 310pm (b) 110pm (c) 220pm (d) None

9. The number of tetrahedral and octahedral voids in hexagonal primitive unit cell are
(a) 8,4 (b) 2,1 (c) 12,6 (d) 6,12

10. The rank of atoms in the hexagonal until cell is

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6

11. In hexagonal primitive unit cell, the Corner is shared by

(a) 4 Unit cells (b) 6-unit cells (c) 3 unit cells (d) 5 unit cells

12. An alloy of copper, silver and gold is found to have copper constituting the ccp lattice. If silver

atoms occupy the edge centres and gold is present at body centre, the alloy has a formula.

(a) Cu4Ag2Au (b) Cu4Ag4Au (c) Cu4Ag3Au (d) CuAgAu

2
13. A substance has density of 2 kg dm-3 & it crystallizes to fcc lattice with edge-length equal to

700pm, then the molar mass of the substance is

(a) 74.50gm mol-1 (b) 103.30gm mol-1 (c) 56.02gm mol-1 (d) 65.36gm mol-1

14. In closest packing of atoms

(A) The size of tetrahedral void is greater than that of the octahedral void.
(B) The size of the tetrahedral void is smaller than that of the octahedral void.
(C) The size of tetrahedral void is equal to that of the octahedral void.
(D) The size of tetrahedral void may be larger or smaller or equal to that of the octahedral void
depending upon the size of atoms.

15. If a be the edge-length of the unit cell, r be the radius of an atom, then for face centered cubic

lattice, the correct relation is

(a) 4r = 3a (b) 4r = 2a (c) 4a = 3 r (d) None

16. The volume occupied by an atom in a simple cubic unit cell is -

4pa 3 pa 3 3p
(a) a3 (b) (c) (d)
3 6 8

17. The radius of Ag+ ion is 126 pm while that of I- ion is 216 pm. The co-ordination number of Ag
in AgI is -

(a) 2(b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

18. For tetrahedral co-ordination the radius ratio (r+/ r-) should be -

(a) 0.414 - 0.732 (b) > 0.732 (c) 0.156 - 0.255 (d) 0.225 - 0.414

3
19. The maximum percentage of available volume that can be filled in a face centred cubic system
by an atom is -

(a) 74% (b) 68% (c) 34% (d) 26%

20. A metallic elements crystallises into a lattice containing a sequence of layers of ABABAB … Any
packing of sphere leaves out voids in the lattice. What percentage by volume of this lattice is
empty space?

(a) 74% (b) 26% (c) 50% (d) None of these

Answer key

1. (a)

2. (c)

3. (c)

4 (a)

5. (c)

6. (c)

7. (c)

8. (b)

9. (c)

10. (d)

11. (b)

12. (c)

4
13. (b)

14. (b)

15. (b)

16. (c)

17. (c)

18. (d)

19. (b)

20. (b)

Descriptive questions

1. What are fluids? Give examples.

Ans. Substances which flow are fluids e.g. liquids and gases.

2. Solids are rigid why?

Ans. Rigidity in solids is due to fixed positions of the constituent particles and their
oscillations about their mean positions

3. How are solids classified?

Ans. Solids may be classified into two categories – crystalline and amorphous.

4. Why do crystalline solids are anisotropic nature and amorphous solid are isotropic in
nature.
Ans. Anisotropy in crystals is due to different arrangement of particles along different
directions. Isotropic in amorphous solid is due to its long range order in them and
arrangement is irregular along all the directions.

5. Name the types of point defect.

Ans. point defects are of three types – stoichiometric defect, impurity defect & non –
stoichiometric defect.

6. What are F centres?

5
Ans. F – centre is the position of an anion in an ionic crystal which is occupied by a
trapped electron

7. Why do the heating of NaCl in an atmosphere of sodium vapour impact yellow colour
Ans. In an atmosphere of sodium vapour the Cl - diffuses to the surface of the crystal and
combine with Na atom to form NaCl. During this process Na atom loses an electron –cl for
. As a result the crystal has an excess of sodium which import yellow colour to the crystal.

8. Give an example which shows both frenkel and Schottky defect.

Ans. AgBr. 18. Define the term – doping. Ans. Doping – The process of introduction of
impurity atoms into an insulator to make it a semiconductor is called doping.

9. Graphite is soft and good conductor of electricity. Explain.

Ans. Graphite is soft and good conductor due to its typical structure here carbon atoms are
arranged in different layers and each atom a covalently bonded to three of its neighbouring
atoms in the same layer. The fourth electron of each atom is free to move about due to
which it conducts electricity. Different layers can slide over the other which makes it a soft
solid.

10. Ionic solids are good conductors in molten state and in aqueous solutions but not in
solid state. Why?
Ans. In the solid state, the ions in the ionic solids are not free to move about due to their
rigid structure & strong electrostatic forces. Therefore they cannot conduct electricity
whereas in molten state and aqueous solution, the ions become free to move about and they
conduct electricity.

11. Excess of lithium makes LiCl crystal pink. Explain.

Ans. When crystals of LiCl are heated in an atmosphere of Li vapour the Lithium atoms are
deposited on the surface of crystal. The Cl - ions diffuse to the surface of crystal &
combine with Li atoms to from LiCl which happens by loss of electrons by Li atoms to
form ions. These released elements diffuse into the crystal & electrons get excited after
absorbing light from visible region & emit pink colour.

12. Define the term 'amorphous'. Give a few examples of amorphous solids.
Ans. Amorphous solids are the solids whose constituent particles are of irregular shapes
and have short range order. These solids are isotropic in nature and melt over a range of
temperature. Therefore, amorphous solids are sometimes called pseudo solids or super
cooled liquids. They do not have definite heat of fusion. When cut with a sharp-edged tool,
they cut into two pieces with irregular surfaces. Examples of amorphous solids include
glass, rubber, and plastic.

6
 13. What makes a glass different from a solid such as quartz? Under what conditions could
quartz be converted into glass?
Ans. The arrangement of the constituent particles makes glass different from quartz. In
glass, the constituent particles have short-range order, but in quartz, the constituent
particles have both long range and short range orders. Quartz can be converted into glass
by heating and then cooling it rapidly.

14. Classify the following as amorphous or crystalline solids: Polyurethane, naphthalene,

benzoic acid, teflon, potassium nitrate, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride, fibre glass,
copper.
Ans. Amorphous solids: Polyurethane, teflon, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride, fibre glass
Crystalline solids: Naphthalene, benzoic acid, potassium nitrate, copper

15. A compound AB forms NaCl type crystals and another compound XY forms CsCl type
crystals. The formula mass of XY is three times that of AB but the cubic edge length of
unit cell of AB crystal is twice that of XY. Calculate the ratio of density of AB to that of
XY.
Ans : For AB lattice,

Let the molar mass of AB be M1 g/mol and edge length of unit cell be !1 cm.

4 ´ M1
Density of AB =
N AV ´ ! 31

For XY lattice,

!1
The molar mass of XY is 3M1 and edge length of unit cell is cm.
2

1 ´ 3M1 8 ´ 3 ´ M1
Density of XY = =
æ! ö
3
N AV ´ !31
N AV ´ ç 1 ÷
è2ø

density of AB 4M1 N AV ´ !31 1

= ´ =
denisty of XY N AV ´ ! 1
3
24 M1 6

16.In diamond, carbon atoms occupy FCC lattice points as well as alternate tetrahedral voids.
The edge length of the unit cell is 356.7 pm. Calculate
(a) the closest distance between carbon atoms and
(b) the fraction of total volume occupied by carbon atoms.

7
(c) the density of diamond lattice.
Ans : If a sphere is present in a tetrahedral void surrounded by same kind of spheres, then the
spheres present at corners of tetrahedron will not touch each other.

atom in tetrahedral void

B 109°28'
A
C
B C

atom at corner atom at face

centre

Distance BC = 2 ´ AB ´ Sin 54°44'

2 ´ BC = Face diagonal = 2 ´ Edge length

2 ´ 356.7
BC = = 252.22 pm
2

252.22 = 2 ´ AB ´ sin 54°44'

Closest distance AB = 154.48 pm

154.48
Radius of carbon atom = = 77.24 pm
2

Fraction of total volume occupied by carbon atoms

4 22
8´ ´ ´ (77.24 ´ 10 -12 ) 3
=
3 7 = 0.34
(356.7 ´ 10 -12 ) 3

8 ´ 12
r of diamond lattice = = 3.512 g/cc
6.023 ´ 10 ´ (356.7 ´ 10 -10 ) 3
23