J205 Economics Paper2 QP
J205 Economics Paper2 QP
* J 2 0 5 0 2 *
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INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 24 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
3 Which statement shows a negative externality affecting a worker in the car industry?
A A worker is retrained so they can use new machinery as part of their job
D A worker takes time off to have medical tests provided by their employer
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4 If a country enters into a free trade agreement, it is most likely to lead to a decrease in the
B level of imports
5 The table shows the rate of inflation for 2021 and 2022 in five countries.
In which two countries did the general price level decrease between 2021 and 2022?
A Countries S and V
B Countries T and W
C Countries T and Z
D Countries W and Z
D an increase in unemployment
8 The diagram shows import and export data for the UK from 2017 to 2021.
£bn
750
700
Imports
650
Exports
600
550
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
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9 Education results in positive externalities being generated.
To ensure that these are internalised the UK government provides state education.
10 Why can the life expectancy of the population be used to help measure the development of a
country?
C If people live longer there will be greater demand for health services
D It can help to indicate safety levels in a country are higher due to less conflict
A A decrease in unemployment
13 A UK producer is currently buying raw materials from the USA for $28 000.
The value of the UK pound (£) in terms of the US Dollar ($) changes from £1 = $1.40 to £1 = $1.25.
What is the price that the UK producer will now have to pay for the raw materials?
A £2400
B £20 000
C £22 400
D £35 000
14 In the past 20 years there has been more free movement of goods and greater international
interdependence.
A Globalisation
B International trade
C Specialisation
D Sustainability
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15 Indirect taxation is one policy a government can use to correct negative externalities.
€/£
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
A There was a decrease in the demand for pounds between 2014 and 2016
B There was a decrease in the supply of pounds between 2013 and 2014
19 If a group of workers was awarded a 10% pay rise, but their productivity had increased by 6%,
then the most likely result would be
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20 Permission was granted in 2022 for a major road to be rebuilt in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest.
The rebuilt road will help the residents of the largest Amazon city, Manaus, to stay connected to
the rest of Brazil throughout the year.
A Residents of Manaus will have shorter travel times when visiting friends
B Road repairs will be less expensive for the government in the future
C The firms rebuilding the road will pay increased levels of taxation
D Vehicles will use less fuel as the roads are easier to drive on
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Extract 1
UK Employment and Unemployment
Due to family demands, workers are often unable to move to another area to find work, leading
to regional differences in unemployment. A lack of investment in manufacturing industries and in
services reduces job opportunities, which results in long-term, structural unemployment and a fall in
living standards. Depressed regions with high unemployment suffer from a lack of demand that leads
to shops closing and more unemployment and economically inactive people. Both groups need to be
supported with social security benefits.
As long as these unemployed people do not lose their skills, employers may be able to offer lower
wages because of the surplus labour. To reduce unemployment the government may offer training in
new technologies and better infrastructure, such as improved public transport.
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(a) Using Extract 1, explain the trend in the UK unemployment rate between 2008 and 2011.
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(d)
(i) Explain what is meant by structural unemployment.
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BLANK PAGE
21%
22%
Governments often use direct taxes not only to increase revenue, but also to redistribute income
and wealth. Progressive income taxes charge a higher tax rate on higher incomes, while other
taxes reduce increases in wealth. The distribution of wealth is more unequal than income. Holding
wealth in the form of savings or other assets, such as houses, contributes to a more unequal income
distribution, because of interest payments and capital gains. Wide differences in income and wealth
are often associated with issues such as inequality of opportunities.
Income taxes can be used for public services and for providing social security benefits. Taxation is
also used in both fiscal and supply side policies. A change in taxation policy affects disposable income
and business profits, which results in a significant impact on economic growth and on inflation.
(a) Using Extract 2, calculate the percentage of total net income in 2021 that is received by the
richest 40% of the Indonesian population.
Show your working.
(b) Using Extract 2, explain how the distribution of income in Indonesia has changed from 2002 to 2021.
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(c) Using the information in Extract 2, analyse how a decrease in direct taxes can affect the
Indonesian economy.
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(iii)* Evaluate whether raising income tax on the richest 20% of the population in Indonesia would
have a purely beneficial effect for the lower paid.
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Government spending on education and health provision allows workers to become more productive,
potentially increasing economic output.
When tax revenue does not increase at the same pace as government spending, the government
must borrow to cover its deficit. When government borrowing increases, interest rates may rise.
Monetary policy uses interest rates to affect economic growth through their effect on borrowing for
investment and consumption.
When interest rates in the UK are higher than overseas, the international value of the pound
increases, which may adversely affect UK exports, but should lower the inflation rate.
(a) Using Extract 3, calculate the average amount, in £ billions, spent each year on total government
spending over the period shown in the table.
(b) Explain how an increase in spending on education can lead to a rise in the rate of economic
growth.
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(c) Using the information in Extract 3, analyse how a cut in interest rates can affect UK economic
growth.
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(ii) Explain how higher interest rates in the UK may lead to the international value of the pound increasing.
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(iii)* Evaluate the extent to which a rise in the foreign exchange value of the pound could affect UK
consumers and producers.
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EXTRA ANSWER SPACE
If you need extra space use this lined page. You must write the question numbers clearly in the
margin.
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