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Problem 14.3: DAS DAS K DAS K N

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101 views7 pages

Problem 14.3: DAS DAS K DAS K N

Uploaded by

alvin.lin410
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

物理冶金 Problem 14.

3 魏茂國

The dendrite arm spacing (DAS) is dependent on the cooling rate, , by an equation of
the form DAS = k-n. Suppose for Al-4.9% Cu, DAS was measured as 100 and 10 m
at the cooling rates 0.1 and 60 K/s, respectively. (a) Determine k and n for the alloy.
(b) What cooling rate is necessary to reduce the arm spacing to 1.0 m? (c) Melt
spinning and powder atomization are two techniques which are commonly used to
achieve rapid cooling rates. Briefly describe what these techniques are.

(a) DAS  k  n
   
100  10 6  k  0.1 n  ln 10  4  ln k  n ln 10 1  ln k  2.3026 n  9.2103 (1)
 
10  10 6  k  60  n  ln 10 5  ln k  n ln 60   ln k  4.0943n  11.5129 (2)
(1)  (2)  6.3969 n  2.3026  n  0.3600
 ln k  2.3026 n  9.2103  ln k  2.3026  0.3600  9.2103  ln k  10.0392
 k  e 10.0392  4.3653  10 5
 DAS  4.3653  10 5   0.3600

1
物理冶金 Problem 14.3 魏茂國

(b) 1.0 10 6  4.3653  10 5   0.3600


1.0  10 6 ln 0.022908 
  0.3600
  0 . 022908  ln    10.4896
4.3653  10 5  0.3600
   e10.4896  35941( K / s )

(c) Powder atominization consists of breaking down a continuous stream


of a liquid metal into very fine droplets, with the aid of a subsonic (亞
音速) or supersonic (超音速) gas stream or jet. Atomization can also
be accomplished by using a water jet. In melt spinning, metal droplets
are formed as a result of impinging a stream of liquid metal against a
rotating disc.

2
物理冶金 Problem 14.4 魏茂國

An Al-5% Cu ingot is unidirectionally solidified under the conditions of no diffusion


in the solid, complete diffusion in the liquid, and local equilibrium at the interface, so
that the Scheil equation applies. (a) Calculate the composition of the liquid when the
ingot is 50 percent solid. What is the average composition of the solid? (b) What is the
interface temperature at this point? (c) How much eutectic and second phase  will
have formed when the ingot is completely solidified? (d) Plot the composition profile
in the solidified ingot.

3
物理冶金 Problem 14.4 魏茂國

1.53

(a) C s  0.86 wt %Cu


C s 0.86
k   0.172
Cl 5
Cl  C0 1  f s   5.0 wt %  1  0.5
k 1 0.172 1
 8.88wt %
1 5wt %  0.5  C s ,ave  0.5  8.88wt %
4
 C s ,ave  1.12 wt %
物理冶金 Problem 14.4 魏茂國

(b) The interface temperature is 631C.


(c)  Cl  C0 1  f s k 1
  33.2 wt %  
 ln 
 ln Cl / C0    5 . 0 wt %    0.898
 f s  1  exp    1  exp 
 k 1   0.172  1 
 
f l  1  f s  1  0.898  0.102(@ 33.2 wt %Cu )
33.2%  5.65%
  0.582
53%  5.65%
The fraction of  phase in the alloy = 0.1020.582 = 0.0591 = 5.91 wt%.
(d)

5
物理冶金 Problem 14.6 魏茂國

Assume that an alloy of nickel with 2 wt. percent aluminum is cast and, by
metallographic examination, a dendrite arm spacing of 50 m is observed. It is also
determined that the composition difference between the center of an arm and the
midpoint between two arms is 1 percent. Estimate the time required for
homogenization if the annealing temperature is to be 1400C and the composition
difference is to be reduced to one-tenth of its original value. Note: see Table 12.4.
(R: 8.314 J/molK)

6
物理冶金 Problem 14.6 魏茂國

268 , 000 268 , 000


4 4 8.3141400  273 
D  1.87  10 e  1.87  10 e
RT
 8.017  10 13 (m 2 / s )
50 m
l   25m  2.5  10 5 m
2
l2
 2  2

2.5  10 5 
2

 78.99( s )
 D   8.017  10 13
n 1
 B   0.1
nB0 10
t
 n B 
nB  nB0 e  t   ln
    ln 0.1  2.3026  2.3026  78.99  181.9( s )
 n B 
 0 

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