Boostrix Vaccine Overview and Guidelines
Boostrix Vaccine Overview and Guidelines
BOOSTRIX
The vaccine may contain traces of formaldehyde which is used during the manufacturing
process (see section 4.3 Contraindications).
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1 List of Excipients.
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS
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BOOSTRIX is indicated for booster vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in
individuals aged 4 years and above who have previously completed primary vaccination with
DPT.
Posology
BOOSTRIX can be administered to pregnant women during the second or the third trimester in
accordance with official recommendations (see sections 4.6 Pregnancy and lactation and 5.1
Pharmacodynamic Properties).
BOOSTRIX may also be administered to adolescents and adults with unknown vaccination
status or incomplete vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis as part of an
immunisation series against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Based on data in adults, two
additional doses of a diphtheria and tetanus containing vaccine are recommended one and six
months after the first dose to maximize the vaccine response against diphtheria and tetanus (see
section 5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties).
BOOSTRIX can be used in the management of tetanus prone injuries in persons who have
previously received a primary vaccination series of tetanus toxoid vaccine and for whom a
booster against diphtheria and pertussis is indicated. Tetanus immunoglobulin should be
administered concomitantly in accordance with official recommendations.
Repeat vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis should be performed at intervals
as per official recommendations (generally 10 years).
Paediatric population
The safety and efficacy of BOOSTRIX in children below 4 years of age have not been
established.
Method of administration
BOOSTRIX is for deep intramuscular injection preferably in the deltoid region (see section 4.4
Special warnings and precautions for use).
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4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1 List of
excipients or formaldehyde.
Vaccination should be preceded by a review of the medical history (especially with regard to
previous vaccination and possible occurrence of undesirable events).
If any of the following events are known to have occurred in temporal relation to receipt of
pertussis-containing vaccine, the decision to give doses of pertussis-containing vaccines should
be carefully considered:
- Temperature of ≥ 40.0°C within 48 hours of vaccination, not due to another identifiable
cause.
- Collapse or shock-like state (hypotonic-hyporesponsiveness episode) within 48 hours of
vaccination.
- Persistent, inconsolable crying lasting ≥ 3 hours, occurring within 48 hours of vaccination.
- Convulsions with or without fever, occurring within 3 days of vaccination.
There may be circumstances, such as a high incidence of pertussis, when the potential benefits
outweigh possible risks.
As for any vaccination, the risk-benefit of immunising with BOOSTRIX or deferring this
vaccination should be weighed carefully in a child suffering from a new onset or progression of
a severe neurological disorder.
As with all injectable vaccines, appropriate medical treatment and supervision should always
be readily available in case of a rare anaphylactic reaction following the administration of the
vaccine.
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BOOSTRIX should be administered with caution to subjects with thrombocytopenia (see section
4.3 Contraindications) or a bleeding disorder since bleeding may occur following an
intramuscular administration to these subjects. The vaccine may be administered
subcutaneously to these subjects. With both routes of administration, firm pressure should be
applied to the injection site (without rubbing) for at least two minutes.
A history or a family history of convulsions and a family history of an adverse event following
DTP vaccination do not constitute contraindications.
Syncope (fainting) can occur following, or even before, any vaccination especially in
adolescents as a psychogenic response to the needle injection. This can be accompanied by
several neurological signs such as transient visual disturbance, paraesthesia and tonic-clonic
limb movements during recovery. It is important that procedures are in place to avoid injury
from faints.
As with any vaccine, a protective immune response may not be elicited in all vaccinees.
Excipients
This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, that is to say essentially
‘sodium-free’.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
BOOSTRIX may be administered concomitantly with human papilloma virus vaccine with no
clinically relevant interference with antibody response to any of the components of either
vaccine.
As with other vaccines, patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy may not achieve an
adequate response.
Fertility
No human data from prospective clinical studies are available. Animal studies do not indicate
direct or indirect harmful effects on female fertility (see section 5.3 Preclinical safety data).
Pregnancy
BOOSTRIX can be used during the second or third trimester of pregnancy in accordance with
official recommendations.
For data relating to the prevention of pertussis disease in infants born to women vaccinated
during pregnancy, see section 5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties.
Safety data from a randomised controlled clinical trial (341 pregnancy outcomes) and from a
prospective observational study (793 pregnancy outcomes), where BOOSTRIX was
administered to pregnant women during the third trimester, have shown no vaccine related
adverse effect on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/newborn child.
Safety data from prospective clinical studies on the use of BOOSTRIX or BOOSTRIX POLIO
during the first and second trimester of pregnancy are not available.
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Data from passive surveillance where pregnant women were exposed to BOOSTRIX or to
BOOSTRIX POLIO (dTpa-IPV vaccine) in the 3rd or 2nd trimester have shown no vaccine-
related adverse effect on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/newborn child.
As with other inactivated vaccines, it is not expected that vaccination with BOOSTRIX harms
the foetus at any trimester of pregnancy.
Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy,
embryonal/foetal development, parturition or post-natal development (see section 5.3
Preclinical safety data).
Lactation
The effect of administration of BOOSTRIX during lactation has not been assessed. Nevertheless,
as BOOSTRIX contains toxoids or inactivated antigens, no risk to the breastfed infant should be
expected. The benefits versus the risk of administering BOOSTRIX to breastfeeding women
should carefully be evaluated by the health-care providers.
The vaccine is unlikely to produce an effect on the ability to drive and use machines.
The safety profile presented below is based on data from clinical trials where BOOSTRIX was
administered to 839 children (from 4 to 8 years of age) and 1931 adults, adolescents and children
(from 10 to 76 years of age) (Table 1).
The most common events occurring after BOOSTRIX administration in both groups were local
injection site reactions (pain, redness and swelling) reported by 23.7 – 80.6% of subjects in each
trial. These usually had their onset within the first 48 hours after vaccination. All resolved
without sequelae.
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Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing
seriousness.
Clinical trials
Adverse reactions
Subjects aged 4 - 8 Subjects aged 10 - 76
System Organ Class Frequency
years years
(N=839) (N = 1931)
Infections and Uncommon upper respiratory tract upper respiratory tract
infestations infection infection, pharyngitis
Blood and lymphatic Uncommon lymphadenopathy
system disorders
Metabolism and Common anorexia
nutrition disorders
Psychiatric disorders Very irritability
common
Nervous system Very common somnolence headache
disorders
Common headache dizziness
Data on 146 subjects suggest that there might be a small increase in local reactogenicity (pain,
redness, swelling) with repeated vaccination according to a 0, 1, 6 months schedule in adults
(>40 years of age).
Data suggest that in subjects primed with DTP in childhood a second booster dose might give
an increase of local reactogenicity.
Post-marketing surveillance
Because these events were reported spontaneously, it is not possible to reliably estimate their
frequency.
Following administration of tetanus toxoid containing vaccines, there have been very rare
reports of adverse reactions on the central or peripheral nervous systems, including ascending
paralysis or even respiratory paralysis (e.g. Guillain-Barré syndrome).
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4.9 Overdose
Cases of overdose have been reported during post-marketing surveillance. Adverse events
following overdosage, when reported, were similar to those reported with normal vaccine
administration.
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Immune response
Approximately one month following booster vaccination with BOOSTRIX, the following
seroprotection / seropositivity rates were observed (Table 3):
Adults and
Children from the
adolescents from
age of 4 years
the age of 10 years
onwards
Antigen Response(1) onwards
ATP(2)
ATP(2)
N=415
N=1694
(% vaccinees)
(% vaccinees)
Diphtheria ≥ 0.1 IU/ml 97.2% 99.8%
Tetanus ≥ 0.1 IU/ml 99.0% 100.0%
Pertussis:
- Pertussis toxoid 97.8% 99.0%
- Filamentous haemagglutinin ≥ 5 EL.U/ml 99.9% 100.0%
- Pertactin 99.4% 99.8%
(1)
Response: where, at the specified time point, a concentration of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus ≥
0.1 IU/ml was considered as seroprotection and a concentration of antibodies against pertussis ≥ 5 EL.U/ml
was considered as seropositivity.
(2)
ATP: According to protocol – includes all eligible subjects, who had received a single booster dose of
BOOSTRIX, for whom immunogenicity data was available for at least one antigen at the specified time-point.
N: the minimum number of subjects with available data for each antigen.
In adolescents and adults, comparative trials have demonstrated that one month post-
vaccination, diphtheria antibody titres are similar to adult-type Td vaccines with the same
antigen content as BOOSTRIX; lower tetanus antibody titres were seen as compared to adult-
type Td vaccines.
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As with other adult-type Td vaccines, BOOSTRIX induces higher titres of both anti-D and anti-
T antibodies in children and adolescents as compared to adults.
Three to 3.5 years, 5 to 6 years and 10 years following a first vaccination with BOOSTRIX, the
following seroprotection/seropositivity rates were observed in subjects vaccinated according to
protocol (ATP1) (Table 4):
The pertussis antigens contained in BOOSTRIX are an integral part of the paediatric acellular
pertussis combination vaccine (INFANRIX), for which efficacy after primary vaccination has
been demonstrated in a household contact efficacy study. The antibody titres to all three
pertussis components following vaccination with BOOSTRIX are higher than those observed
during the household contact efficacy trial. Based on these comparisons, BOOSTRIX would
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provide protection against pertussis, however the degree and duration of protection afforded by
the vaccine are undetermined.
Passive protection against pertussis in infants (below 3 months of age) born to mothers
vaccinated during pregnancy
Post-primary and post-booster vaccination, immunological data did not show clinically relevant
interference of maternal vaccination with BOOSTRIX on the infant’s and toddler’s responses to
diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b or
pneumococcal antigens.
Lower antibody concentrations against pertussis antigens post-primary (PT, FHA and PRN) and
post-booster (PT, FHA) vaccination were observed in infants and toddlers born to mothers
vaccinated with BOOSTRIX during pregnancy. The fold-increases of anti-pertussis antibody
concentrations from the pre-booster to the 1-month post-booster time point were in the same
range for infants and toddlers born to mothers vaccinated with BOOSTRIX or with placebo,
demonstrating effective priming of the immune system. In the absence of correlates of
protection for pertussis, the clinical relevance of these observations remains to be fully
understood. However, current epidemiological data on pertussis disease following the
implementation of dTpa maternal immunisation do not suggest any clinical relevance of this
immune interference.
Effectiveness in the protection against pertussis disease in infants born to women vaccinated
during pregnancy.
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BOOSTRIX or BOOSTRIX POLIO vaccine effectiveness (VE) was evaluated in three
observational studies, in UK, Spain and Australia. The vaccine was used during the third
trimester of pregnancy to protect infants below 3 months of age against pertussis disease, as
part of a maternal vaccination programme.
Table 5: VE against pertussis disease for infants below 3 months of age born to mothers
vaccinated during the third trimester of pregnancy with BOOSTRIX / BOOSTRIX POLIO:
If maternal vaccination occurs within two weeks before delivery, vaccine effectiveness in the
infant may be lower than the figures in the table.
The immunogenicity of BOOSTRIX administered 10 years after a previous booster dose with
reduced-antigen content diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine(s) has been
evaluated. One month post vaccination, > 99 % of subjects were seroprotected against
diphtheria and tetanus and seropositive against pertussis.
The seropositivity rate after one dose varied between 87% and 100% for the different pertussis
antigens.
After administration of one dose of BOOSTRIX to 139 adults ≥ 40 years of age that had not
received any diphtheria and tetanus containing vaccine in the past 20 years, more than 98.5%
of adults were seropositive for all three pertussis antigens and 81.5% and 93.4% were
seroprotected against diphtheria and tetanus respectively. After administration of two additional
doses one and six months after the first dose, the seropositivity rate was 100% for all three
pertussis antigens and the seroprotection rates for diphtheria and tetanus reached 99.3% and
100% respectively.
Reproductive toxicology
Fertility
Non-clinical data obtained with BOOSTRIX reveal no specific hazard for humans based on
conventional studies of female fertility in rats and rabbits.
Pregnancy
Non-clinical data obtained with BOOSTRIX reveal no specific hazard for humans based on
conventional studies of embryo-foetal development in rats and rabbits, and also of parturition
and postnatal toxicity in rats (up to the end of the lactation period).
Preclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety
and of toxicity.
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other
medicinal products.
48 months.
The expiry date of the vaccine is indicated on the label and packaging.
Do not freeze.
0.5 ml of suspension a in pre-filled syringe (type I glass) with a plunger stopper (butyl rubber)
and with a rubber tip cap. Pack sizes of 1 and 10, with or without needles
The tip cap and rubber plunger stopper of the pre-filled syringe and the stopper of the vial are
made with synthetic rubber.
Prior to use, the vaccine should be at room temperature, and well shaken in order to obtain a
homogeneous turbid white suspension. Prior to administration, the vaccine should be visually
inspected for any foreign particulate matter and/or variation of physical aspect. In the event of
either being observed, do not administer the vaccine.
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Needle hub To attach the needle, connect the hub to the
Luer Lock Adaptor and rotate a quarter turn
clockwise until you feel it lock.
Do not pull the syringe plunger out of the
barrel. If it happens, do not administer the
vaccine.
Disposal:
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local
requirements.
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