Eosylon,
intrachng
An erosystera is a Cornnanihy of livig ooganim
wilh eoch othes and wih dhely non- hing
envronment witin a specihc
Shchere of Ecosyten!
The snecte cf an Costem oefes to the ararqement
oh botc and obiohe
OF is Cormponens which includo bok
elemens
)Biohc ooporonts
Those include all He ivir orqarisns in the aosyten
clanihed into thraca qooups basec on theis le:
(ariea),
ö)Pooducen (Auto topha)
portaue tair oon food cesiq Sunlight
oqanisros that Poue
to rernical erasqy Ly he poocon of photosoteäs ave
Kroon as Poocucen
Er: Planh rabae anc Soroe bactena.
) Consugw
(Heleonlaophs)
Oqnisnn Ahose nho depn on Aulo toh os cles
Typcs of Con sevea
Piny consarros: Those anials who only feed on
Poucg aoeQoo Krown a
Heobivose pomey
Ex Da,Raoit etc.
econdooy Consurmr, Those anirgab oho feds on
Seconday consuroes
EX: ngtes aSnaes, oolfs etc.
Consursezs: Trose nimals ofoeds on olheo
Teotieny
Coonivoaes oe Knon an Tertooy
lbp Canl vooes
togles, Limete.
Drni vooes ;Those ooqpniaros 1mho Pead on loth Hant
ard animal foo eneg
Ex: Huran, beo, (roD) ete.
Decornposen:
Those MicoooHqarisrns whch broe doon dead onganic
mateaal ocfrohg nsent to he soll aoe
Knan as decoroosen.
They
Ex' Funq, bactesia, othwoons etc.
Abiohc Comporcnt : tral infuon
eoe the physical and chernical facto
Salighl -pooidas ercngy fo photoaeit achtihes.
Water Essential fu llee and rnotabollc
Provides nutoenh fors plantsand halbifat for
Ar iSupplies Orygen, Co, and other and
ge halatat
ernpeoaheop: Afects makalo ea
Suitaaly
E Furchon of ECosten: cherdca
an ecosyslern invdves -the bioloyical,
The hercto of Susfan ife and mainkn
Ond physical Pancene that
ecolog ical kalanca.
ocfen to he tocnsfer of
)EresyAoo: Eregy
foo: Ercsqy flous
1 ereay trouh He Vasun Com pononh of necosnkn.
shootra forn te potucon that Coptioc enoq9 fomSun
E to He Consurnen Hhat Corn Burse othe osqanmM and Ahaly
E to dhe hecoroyoen thatboeau dlouon agane yatey.
T is a coniclic onal Poocon ond at each to phie lenel
Sorge eroqy ts last a hat.
a) Nutaent Cycng Ecosyter oecle evenhal nutoients
Nue caobon , nitzoqen phosphoroua and oates behocon
botc and aote Coroponerts.
Eolojcad Rayulahoo
Iaslerns lhdnkin slabilihy raouqh porom livo oodai,
Donsihn, pollinahn.
shelies and lming concion for
Ecosntem Poovide ranbirm
Vabun o qanis.each Spachen Contbutes to
he ecosners's oucau balonce.
5) Climate oquahon
Ecosglems ioflu ence docal and qlodbal cinates boy Sequetoy
Caalon dlode and Rogulang voates cyelu and
tomaataoe
Decorsposen eocycle toate lay boeaahgdocon daod oqarisma
Grd bsyane matter ehey nutienh to so).
Ecoloqical Su Ccenion(aNkaa)
Erolocat Sucenion is he natrsal and qoduol pocon
byWhich ecosterms changes and develop over Hoe,
- 1 involves tte rocplacorment of one qaoap of specle in
anaoea by anoter encling to changes th staceoC
and ComposiHon Coefrg balaned eostem.
Ecolaqjcal Sucovin
Primy Succomjbn Secooday
Sucienibn:
OcCuny n aopn ohoea
Er. Boe s0cws vol anic ecosytern exoted bt caay
|ava os asean left oy glackon
SoqesofsuCcOvin
caroax
Trdeonecale
lores skge (Mooo Cornples plant (A stable, ah
(ToiHal coloniahn and anialstaat Corguniy sfomd
byodaplable to astabkh
species Exdone rtoy
E! lcharu and EX! mes qsomland ectyte
meses-) shrades
Tmpoolance of Ecolsqical Srcwnibn:
Restrses balana to dstebd e osyntem.
porsohes bic'erty
and thaital Cordiony oves fime
lnpoves soilfotlih
Focd chao:(5Maouy)
chan js a lineos Seuante of oqans Hrovuah:
A Foecd
hich encoqy andotoenh f{ovo in an ecasytem.
epoUenh he Peocling oelaonis ehoeen Ooqanm.
- Tt lawls
pontucen and moning thaugh vane
Giaing ui decornpesen.
f Conyuon to
Cornporens,
ot FoDdchain
Pooduces Poiomonsen Secordam Testiany Decornpay
Conunew Congorsern (Saprotyo
(Aeto toghm) CHesbiv¡Ner)
CCamivow
brarivon) (Top
Podaba) EFan
alge ,Phtoplanleha Z(0planktn bactesa
shou
Exarpen Gas ’ Crmhoppes Fooq SnaleHak
Types of Food chan
)Grazhq Food chaio
Sfaots 'ih patducn and is kanecl on te Consump'on
bving planb.
Ex: oan ’Rabbit ox,
a) Detitus FoDd chan:
Stoath oith cead oqanic rsafer decornpoed by
toicooosqaniso.
Ex- Deacd laaves EoothoorOy Brt
Sianificance of Food cha!
Tutate encvqy flouo and nutent
- Maintalns ecoloqcal balace , Cycing
Helps turdentand he imact of dishrokance, liuo species'
erioc Hbn on ec0shns.
Examples:
) Teroestial Ecosalern
a)Aauate Ecrsyle
Zasp phytoplani fon ’ Zotlanutn ’Sall Fish ’log
Fsh Shok.
2) Foest Ecosystern:
Toee ’Losect >Brd ’Snaie ’ Eaale.
4)Desert
Cachuy -
Eosysiem
RatSrao >owl
5) Detoi hes Fod chan!
De Loaves ’Eoothwoorn Bid’ Hauow
Foodtctt
eho of intes conreded food
Cormplex foodin outaonips oitlin
chains that po Sen) he
a Rcosyntem
DFad wcb illutates houo multle qanis
palhy of
Conng ed to one no her Hhvugh varus
enesgg flow and nutient Cyclg
chaacteishcs of a Food oeli
Complex înterconncons: oteoconnec.
IMelhple food chay oveslap and
2) stabiliy Singla foatahans becawe
Sinqle
Fod webs aernoe stable than
tey Poovde alterave Paeng opho
3) Eray Fluo.
naltçele pathcays esny the
floos trouh
Eregy
eCosys fon's esil lonce.
Example: fong Snale.
Grsam,
Crramhogpex Bid
VRatstit Fox AHauw
Impontanca of Food wcbs:
) 2llestabes Lntedaperdenca:
Shovos hovo GReches aoo inteocorrcocteo.
a) Maintain Eoslken stabilihy?
Povide altenate pahiayn fors eregy flo, maing
eosysteny nesilent o changes.
B)suppoat Bodiessih
Dernonstates te le of diheoant Specien n encsq4 tzonfer
and nutaenl ycg
tcological pnids :
dilfe ocnl oohic levela in
aulahshy ithocon
tpict the
cecoslem. biormam Os nober,
Thy showthe chstobuelon of ereoy
each tophic level.
Ecolanicalyanidh
Pyoail Pyaanid
Pyramiclof
Numbes
VPysorid of Numbes! toophe
Ooganisns al each
Repovenh Hhe nembex of
levd.
ConSunic
Secondany
Corsuse)
Pord uce
Pyeamid of narnten.
Can be tupolt (in ntst ecosyslems) os nveoted
)Prornd of Biormam:
qanisns at erch tophe
ivg ooqanisns
Shus tte total room of ivig
lovel.
-Usuallhy upoaht ut Can be invted in Gauatie eosgon
whee ocn
ioman is typically cosurcc is ori Biae
oo Kilogora, hectone.
Ex
Casvoe
Pairnay
HesbivcoySgol
Poncucae
Hestvoes\loo kq
Pooucoos
) Pyçoamid of Ehergy:
Repaesent He Pbyo of eeqy at cach toopc lael, mealroel
in units Hiue Kilocaoes frn? | yoxs.
Eresqy toansfe Polloos the 1oy. Rale ( only ~o.of
eneogy is teansferccl to the next level ohile te
is lost ag haat )
Aoay eponht, aa encqy deceaes at each dovel.
0.17
Consron
secondoy
10.
Porsany Corkurm
Poducor
Siqnihcance Df Ecoloqical Pyoonds
Tilustoate ecosytern Stouchese nd fenction.
- Help in en dooslandi q enesqy floo, boram is tobuton.
ond ooqanjsr populaon .
tlenty ecosyhern eficienency orel Sustanabily
Hiqhiaht potental enVipnmental isses ie ovctaryeta
Pollurfo.
rlanls tàmi,icooajoniss nt hers (hyycal envirvrma
1ohich conpises of Soil,toxos, insech animah, bireca
ort mion s itt inteoching units.
)iohc Coporenks- hi pe knted b poclucen,
Consiomca and cle cor posrn
a) Abiohc Conporents The fooest indude intoqornic and
Cgunic Com porenk poekent in the Sol alorg oith tempeoahrnd
ainkal , lht ete.
Hpes of fone Ecoyten
Tooplcal Termpeak Talga,
Boseal
Topical Evogoen Decicdoou) Eiesoenfroet
Rainfet Ralnkosen EN Froeits Ternpeak beog
Ex Aroa200, and Nosth fooent
Arcoi ca
choocheshcs of Fooct tcosyier
ergpaxatroes and Sat i chert infal aoe
Warn
Chaoachenshcs pf fosests, resuhyn the Roorsat
of Dun Porch daues ete.
) The fooeat roantaoy clnate andabfal.
3) The fooe Suppost or vold aminala and Polesk
biadsly
9) The sok och n Orvqanic rmates and utaonh
whch Segpoo! he
Sauctafhvn' Fopeal akkonb coobon cioiclo,hea
7 Caabon
porvide shellos cnd food foo Counl lem seco
a) Habtat:
Foraeh ploy a viBal eole io
in Peciertahbn
) Wales Cle:
mt mtialang qrandutes lovels.
saintins
1) `oil conseovafbn: Prponh soil opor and
pllutanh.
oxygen and Gltes
Thoantk tp Foaest Ecosy tenss.
) Deforocstoahon Clacnba fooents fos aoiculhere, ehanizqbn
Cmd Logging
) clinae chongo : Alhes tenpesahese andoanlal pattem,
s) Poleon: As, wates, and Soil Con tarninabn hamy foest
he.
4) Oesexploitatbn: Excowive hunting ,'! aging cndhwbg
ConSeva o Fooe Eo sytems:
Afoses Jathon ant Pofren tafbo: plantng toes to esbe
a) Sastainatk Poactces: Eco fierdy franog . og3ing
ard 0CAOUrcO extach..
) Poted Arocas: Establishing nonal
asus, oidike.
Sanchuroes,and oesevel.
4 Avoaraenen Carmpaians Educafn Coomurwes
impoance of kroest.
Auntie Ecosrn
An aquaiec envroun nont
ccos4skem
y Ohgani
is a
nteroact wh each otes and hei
on tiving Srnvundrg
Typen of Anuhe Ecos,em
)Fæhale Eoyskeres
Tocleda oveo, :
aes Porcls, stocarss ord
octland.
- Lovo salt concontsa on(1. Salioth)
-
Exi Chanqa River, chla laye
a)MaDre Ecns,ytees
Tnclude ecaans, Seas. Cooal afs ond eshses.
High Salt Concantoai (u5 saliiy)
8) Esocush Wates Ecosyten:
Found in eshae wheoe fnehoes mxes oit
Seavoale.
rModorate salliby
E: Surdor leanu Mangoe.
Cornoronh of an
Auae tcosyen
BibAc Corenantsi
Autotoophs Alqoe &Fhy toplankon
Parany ConsumeTs ZooPlanuton Sroall Ab
Seconday Coniunes:
conlurncs: Layes Adh, amphibiam,auahe
Tetary Conss'. Apex ypedatos shoa) , dolris arnd
Docomosegs.. Pacteal ar Fungi. Cscoce.
Chanacteaislics of Auohe tcoytrn
Photc Zovi unt wgpes laye: Suppos proteteis.
Bpiote zone: Dape doc layes oth mioimal
) Movenment of Laeo oate Claces iped
sfagnaot
Flasnq Co venistoeams)
B) Biodivea sity blodiveoih botpoh.
Coal oeot and eshase aoe
FuncAonu of Aaudtie Ecosyntes!
absosb-Casbon
1}1) clirnate Raqulattbn: Dcaan
and ooulabte gloloed tenperahere.
a) toater punhceion! sedimenh.
toet land s Altes outanh and
3) Habi4at:
Porvide shelter and boeadhg qounda fos Cowtlen
specles.
4) Netsen
Decornposea 0ecycle ourenk , Sugosting food day
5) Econorolc Valuo.
Fishenes townia tsans Poatalo and hydocleta
hmats to Auahic Ecosye and ol Splls harn Qauat
Pollutbn:c chemical, Plastcs
and Dcaan edt acidikod
-Cirnade Cange: Rishg tompeoateres
hsapt ecoem.
oeplbe Auh popdatons inpacg focd caln.
Dekichhq
Habitat desto-Hon: Dam Constauchon ootlond danioa
Yvasne Speoest Non nahe Speces otcompete ocal
-
Oognisms.
Corseavaton of Aauahe Ecosynlero
- Plluon Contool:
sauchno ndestia!
aste managermont and
Poope
duchorge
Sustainable Prachces!
folerd, hsiy nd oquncalhernchoda.
Eco
-Pogtected Aoeas
Establshng roaone es and foesh unter Sochers
RostovanEforst:
kohatilalinq cogrsaded aetlandh and Coal roesl.
- AorereM ord Legislah
Edu coafng Comro unies ond enfocra envionsental
Qaucs.
