Design Project Report

on

SOLAR PV - WIND HYBRID

POWER GENERATION

submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

by
PKD16EE006 AKHIL C S.
PKD16EE013 AROMAL ANAND
PKD16EE037 MEGHA RAJ
PKD16EE039 MOHAMMED AJMAL V.

under the guidance of

Dr. Vincent G.

Department of Electrical Engineering

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALAKKAD
November 2018
 Department of Electrical Engineering
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALAKKAD

CERTIFICATE

29th November, 2018

Certified that this is a bonafide record of the Design project done by

AKHIL C S.
AROMAL ANAND
MEGHA RAJ
MOHAMMED AJMAL V.
with the title “SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GEN-
ERATION” towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Fifth
Semester B.Tech Degree of the Department of Electrical Engineering under APJ
Abdul Kalam Kerala Technological University during the year 2018-19.

Dr. Vincent G.
Co-ordinator
Associate Professor,
Design Project
HOD EEE

Professor & HoD

Dept. of EE
Acknowledgements

We would like to take this oppurtunity to extend our sincere gratitude to Dr.
Vincent G. , Head of Department, Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
for extending every facility to complete theproject work successfully.

We would like to express our sincere indebtedness to Dr. Vincent G.

and Dr. Vinita Chellappan , Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, for their valuable guidance, wholehearted co-operation and duly
approving the topic as staff in charge.

We also extend our gratitude towards the staffs of Department of Electrical

and Electronics Engineering for their sincere support and motivation during
the course of our project.

i
Abstract

Solar-Wind hybrid Power system is the combined power generating system by

wind mill and solar energy panel. It also includes a battery which is used
to store the energy generated from both the sources. Both wind and solar
units can generate power when both sources are available. By providing the
battery uninterrupted power supply is possible when both sources are idle.
Depending on the environmental conditions, required energy for the system
can be supplied either separately from the wind or solar systems or using
these two resources at the same time.

The power generated from wind mill is of AC voltage which is converted

through AC-DC rectifier. A special type of converter is used to step up or
step down through MOSFET(IRF 540) switching called SEPIC converter for
wind mill. For solar system BUCK converter is used for the regulation. The
battery stores the DC voltages from wind and solar source and is step down
using BOOST converter. Then it is given to INVERTER circuit.The output
of the inverter is connected with the load and after that the voltage is stepped
up by a transformer

ii
List of Figures

2.1 Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.2 Three Phase AC–DC Rectifier Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 DC–DC Sepic Converter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4 DC–DC Sepic Converter Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.5 Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.6 DC–DC Buck Converter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.7 DC–DC Buck Converter Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.1 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.2 DC –DC Boost Converter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 DC –DC Boost Converter Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 DC –AC Inverter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.1 3 –Phase Bridge Rectifier Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.2 3 –Phase Bridge Rectifier Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.3 DC –DC Sepic Converter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4 DC–DC Sepic Converter Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.5 DC–DC Buck Converter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.6 DC–DC Buck Converter Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.7 DC–DC Boost Converter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.8 DC–DC Boost Converter Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.9 DC–AC Inverter Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.10 DC–AC Inverter Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.11 Wind Power Generation Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.12 Wind Power Generation Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6.1 Three Phase AC–DC Bridge Rectifier Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . 24

iii
Contents

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Outline of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Background and Literature 3

2.1 Wind Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Three Phase AC–DC Rectifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 DC–DC Sepic Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.5 Solar Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.6 Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.7 DC –DC Buck Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Solar Wind Hybrid System 9

3.1 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Hybrid System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4 DC –DC Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 DC –AC Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.6 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6.1 Three Phase Brdige rectifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6.2 Sepic Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6.3 Buck Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.6.4 Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.6.5 Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4 Simulation Studies 14
4.1 3 –Phase Bridge Rectifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2 Sepic Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.3 Buck Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.4 Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.5 Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.6 Wind Power Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

iv
Contents v

5 Design 22

6 Experimental Setup 23
6.1 Experimental setup of 3 Phase Bridge Rectifier . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1.1 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1.2 Components Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1.4 Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.1.5 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.1.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

7 Conclusions 25
7.1 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Bibliography 26
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Now a days world energy demands are increasing, but fossil fuels are depleting.
This leads to increase interest on alternative sources like solar energy, tidal
energy, geothermal energy, wind energy. Today solar and wind energy are
most significant because these are eco-friendly. If we use these two sources at
a time we get more power to reach our energy demands.
The system which is uses both sources is Hybrid Solar-Wind Power
Generation System. The importance of hybrid systems has grown as they
appear to be the right solution for a clean and distributed energy production.
This system harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate
and supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an
educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the
site where used.

1.1 Literature Review

The basic information about the Solar Power Generation is described in [5]. [6]
describes about the Wind Power Generation. Now the Hybrid of Solar and
Wind Energy is used to improve the efficiency as in [1]. [3] describes that hybrid
system is more sustainable and clean. The Hybrid system design and basic
description is obtained from [7]. [2] and [4] provides the Converter Topologies
of Sepic, Buck, Boost Converter. The working of 3 - Phase Bridge Rectifier
and Inverter is obtained from [2].

1.2 Outline of the project

In the project all sections of system have been simulated seperately and ob-
tained the results using MATLAB SIMULINK/2016a. The hardware of three
phase ac - dc bridge rectifier is made and obtained results.
The brief descricption of the project is given is Chapter 1. Chapter 2, de-
scribes study about Wind Energy, Wind turbine, Three phase bridge rectifier,
Sepic converter that are used for wind power generaton, Solar Energy, Solar
Panel and Buck Converter. The study about Block diagram of the project,

1
1.2. Outline of the project 2

Hybrid system, Battery, Boost converter and Inverter is provided in Chapter

3. Chapter 4 provides the simulation studies of circuits that are used in the
project. Chapter 5 provides the hardware setup of the project. And at last
the conclusions and future work of the project is given in Chapter 6.
 Chapter 2
Background and Literature

This Chapter gives an introduction to the designing and components required

for wind and solar power generation .

2.1 Wind Energy

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to provide the me-
chanical power to turn electric generators. Wind power, as an alternative to
burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces
no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, consumes no water, and uses
little land. The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than
those of fossil fuel sources.Wind turbine design is the process of defining the
form and specifications of a wind turbine to extract energy from the wind.

2.2 Wind Turbine

Wind is a renewable source of energy. A wind turbine is used to convert the
kinetic energy of the wind into electric. The generator connected to the shaft
of the blades converts the mechanical energy to electric energy. The wind
turbine is of two types depending upon the rotating axis of the blades, first
is vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis wind turbine. The output of
the turbine depends on the speed of the wind. The power generated by the
turbine is fluctuating. In order to obtain continuous supply of power first the
electricity is stored in a battery unit and then it is transferred to the load. The
electrical power from generator is typical 50Hz, AC power with 415V output
in Kanjikode wind station.

3
2.3. Three Phase AC–DC Rectifier 4

(a) Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (b) Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Figure 2.1: Wind Turbine

2.3 Three Phase AC–DC Rectifier

Three phase bridge rectifier is used to convert 3 phase AC to DC. Each diode
conducts for 120. Conduction sequence D1-D2, D3-D2, D3-D4, D5-D4, D5-D6
and D1-D6. This gives six-pulse ripples on the output voltage. In this project
415V AC from wind source is converted to about 330V DC.

Figure 2.2: Three Phase AC–DC Rectifier Circuit

2.4. DC–DC Sepic Converter 5

2.4 DC–DC Sepic Converter

Single –Ended Primary –Converter (SEPIC). It is a type of DC-DC converter
that allows the electrical potential at its output to be greater than, less than,
or equal to that at its input. The output of the SEPIC is controlled by the
duty cycle of the control transistor. A SEPIC is essentially a boost converter
followed by a buck-boost converter, therefore it is similar to a traditional buck-
boost converter, but has advantages of having non-inverted output, using a
series capacitor to couple energy from the input to the output, and being
capable of true shutdown: when the switch is turned off, its output drops to
0 V, following a fairly hefty transient dump of charge. In this project the
output of 3 phase bride rectifier 330V DC is converted to 14V which is stored
in battery.

Figure 2.3: DC–DC Sepic Converter Circuit

(a) Switch Closed Pulse High (b) Switch Open Pulse low

Figure 2.4: DC–DC Sepic Converter Modes

Mode 1 - When pulse is high, MOSFET is on, L1is charged by input voltage,
L1 is charged by C1 ,diode is off and output is maintained by C2.
2.5. Solar Energy 6

Mode 2 - When pulse is low, MOSFET is off, inductors output via diode
flows to the load and capacitors are charged.

2.5 Solar Energy

Solar power is the conversion of sun radiation into electricity through the use
of solar photovoltaic cells. This conversion takes place in the solar cell by
photovoltaic effect. As said by many experts that the amount of solar energy
reaching the earth is more than 10000 times the current energy consumption
by man. Solar energy is an important source of renewable energy. Solar panels
generate free power from the sun by converting sunlight to electricity.

2.6 Solar Panel

A solar cell is used to convert solar energy into electric energy, it is also known
as photovoltaic cell. It is a p-n junction diode which consist of two different
layers of a semiconductor material called as n and p region, n region is heavily
doped and is thin while p region is lightly doped and is thick. The radiation
falling on the surface of p-n junction diode can pass through the n side. Most
of the depletion region is contained in the p region which is lightly doped. The
extent to which the n region can be penetrated is decided by the wavelength
of the falling radiation. Electronhole pairs are generated in the n and p region,
due to the difference in potential the electrons move to the n region and holes
towards the p region. The current starts flowing when an external load is
connected to the terminals of the n and p regions. To make a solar panel
multiple solar cells are connected in series and parallel combinations, they
are connected in such a way that the output obtained is additive in nature.
A single solar cell produces only about 0.5V. A typical solar panel produces
about 17V peak output.
2.7. DC –DC Buck Converter 7

Figure 2.5: Solar Panel

2.7 DC –DC Buck Converter

A buck converter (step-down converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter which
steps down voltage from its input supply to its output load. It is a class of
switched-mode power supply typically containing at least two semiconductors
(a diode and a transistor, although modern buck converters frequently replace
the diode with a second transistor used for synchronous rectification) and at
least one energy storage element, a capacitor, inductor, or the two in combina-
tion. To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors are normally added
to such a converter’s output (load-side filter) and input (supply-side filter).In
this project the 17 V DC input from solar source is converted to 13V DC to
store in battery.
Mode 1 - Switch is on, diode is reverse biased, input current rises and flows
via L, C, R.
Mode 2 - Switch is off, diode is forward biased, inductor current flows via
L, C, load and diode.
2.8. Summary 8

Figure 2.6: DC–DC Buck Converter Circuit

Figure 2.7: DC–DC Buck Converter Modes

2.8 Summary
The different components required in the project are discussed in this Chap-
ter. The describtion about Wind Energy, Wind turbine, Three phase bridge
rectifier, Sepic converter that are used for wind power generaton is given in
this Chapter. And then discussed about Solar Energy, Solar Panel and Buck
Converter. The next Chapter deals with the Solar Wind Hybrid System.
 Chapter 3
Solar Wind Hybrid System

Solar wind hybrid power systems are hybrid power systems that combine solar
power from a photovoltaic system with power generating wind energy source.

3.1 Block Diagram

The block diagram of the project is given in Fig.3.1

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram

9
3.2. Hybrid System 10

3.2 Hybrid System

Now world have become even more interested in usage of renewable energy
sources as an alternative method of producing electricity. Hybrid systems are
basically an integration of solar panels and wind turbine, the output of this
combination is used to charge batteries, this stored energy can then be trans-
mitted to local power stations. In this system wind turbine can be used to
produce electricity when wind is available and solar energy panels are used
when solar radiations are available. Power can be generated by both the sec-
tions at the same time also. The usage of batteries is to provide uninterrupted
power supply. This system requires high initial investment. But the reliability,
long-life span and less maintenance make up for that disadvantage.
The power output of the wind turbine is AC which is converted to DC with
the help of a rectifier. The voltage can be stepped up or stepped down with the
help of a SEPIC converter which uses MOSFET switching. A BUCK converter
is used to control the power supply of solar panels. The voltage generated from
both sources are integrated with integrator and stored in battery. The Dc
source from battery is step up using BOOST Converter.The DC is converted
to AC voltage using INVERTER unit and given to the load.In this project
voltage stored in the battery is converted to 210 V DC.

3.3 Battery
Solar wind hybrid power generation systems use batteries to store the energy
generated from solar panels and wind turbines. Since the amount of solar
and wind power generated depends on the strength of the sunlight and wind
respectively, batteries provide a constant source of power supply once it is fully
charged. Mostly, lead acid batteries are used in hybrid electric systems. Like
solar panels, batteries can be connected together to form a battery bank. The
type of battery chosen depends on the energy requirements of a system and
its budget.

3.4 DC –DC Boost Converter

The boost converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter that
steps up voltage from its input (supply) to its output (load). It is a class of
switched-mode power supply containing at least two semiconductors (a diode
and a transistor) and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor, inductor,
or the two in combination. To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors
are normally added to such a converter’s output (load-side filter) and input
(supply-side filter).Here voltage stored in the battery is converted to 210 V
DC.
Mode1-Switch is on ,diode is reverse biased ,input current rises and flows
via L and mosfet.
3.5. DC –AC Inverter 11

Figure 3.2: DC –DC Boost Converter Circuit

Figure 3.3: DC –DC Boost Converter Modes

Mode2-Switch is off ,diode is forward biased , input current flows via L,C
and load.

3.5 DC –AC Inverter

Inverters are often needed at places where it is not possible to get AC supply
from the mains. An inverter circuit is used to convert the DC power to AC
power. To drive electric motors efficiently, it is necessary to convert the mains
supply into the optimal frequency and voltage. Emergency power systems
convert mains AC power into DC power, store it in a battery, and, in the
event of a power failure, convert it back into AC power as needed. Inverters
are used for such applications. Here 210 V DC is converted to 210 V AC.
3.6. Design 12

Figure 3.4: DC –AC Inverter Circuit

3.6 Design
3.6.1 Three Phase Brdige rectifier
Vrms = 415 V
R = 10 Ω
c = 10 e-3 F
F = 50 Hz
Vout = 347 V

3.6.2 Sepic Converter

Vin = 348 V
D = 0.03867
F = 50 kHz
L1 = 2.3 e-3 H
L2 = 2.3 e-3 H
C1 = 10 e-3 F
3.7. Summary 13

C2 = 10 e-3 F
R = 10 Ω
Vout = 13.5 V

3.6.3 Buck Converter

Vin = 18 V
D = 0.778
F = 50 kHz
L = 87 e-6 H
C = 100 e-6 F
R = 25 Ω
Vout = 13.8 V

3.6.4 Boost Converter

Vin = 12 V
D = 0.945
F = 50 kHz
L = 2 e-5 H
C = 5 e-6 F
R = 100 Ω
Vout = 210 V

3.6.5 Inverter
Vin = 210 V DC
Pulse width = 50%
Delay 1 = 0 s
Delay = 0.01 s
R = 100 Ω
Vout = 210 V AC

3.7 Summary
This chapter gives information on Solar Wind Hybrid System. Some of the
points that were missed out in the last Chapter is discussed above. This
Chapter describes about Hybrid system, Battery, Boost converter, Inverter
and Design of Project. The next chapter provides the simulation studies of
circuits that are used in the project using MATLAB SIMULINK/2016a.
 Chapter 4
Simulation Studies

Studies
This chapter describes the simulation studies of the project in MATLAB
SIMULINK/2016a. The simulation studies are conducted to verify the design
values before starting the hardware setup.

4.1 3 –Phase Bridge Rectifier

The circuit and waveform of Three phase bridge rectifier is given in Fig. 4.1
and Fig. 4.2

Figure 4.1: 3 –Phase Bridge Rectifier Circuit

14
4.2. Sepic Converter 15

Figure 4.2: 3 –Phase Bridge Rectifier Waveform

4.2 Sepic Converter

The circuit and waveform of Sepic converter is given in Fig. 4.3 and Fig.4.4

Figure 4.3: DC –DC Sepic Converter Circuit

4.3. Buck Converter 16

Figure 4.4: DC–DC Sepic Converter Waveform

4.3 Buck Converter

The circuit and waveform of Buck converter is given in Fig. 4.5 and Fig. 4.6

Figure 4.5: DC–DC Buck Converter Circuit

4.4. Boost Converter 17

Figure 4.6: DC–DC Buck Converter Waveform

4.4 Boost Converter

The circuit and waveform of Boost converter is given in Fig.4.7 and 4.8

Figure 4.7: DC–DC Boost Converter Circuit

4.5. Inverter 18

Figure 4.8: DC–DC Boost Converter Waveform

4.5 Inverter
The circuit and waveform of Inverter is given in Fig. 4.9 and Fig. 4.10
4.6. Wind Power Generation 19

Figure 4.9: DC–AC Inverter Circuit

4.6 Wind Power Generation

The circuit and waveform of Wind Power Generation is given in Fig. 4.11
and Fig.4.12 . The output voltage from wind turbine is given to the 3 phase
rectifier and is given to a Sepic converter and output is obtained.
Studies
4.6. Wind Power Generation 20

Figure 4.10: DC–AC Inverter Waveform

Figure 4.11: Wind Power Generation Circuit

4.6. Wind Power Generation 21

Figure 4.12: Wind Power Generation Waveform

 Chapter 5
Design

22
 Chapter 6
Experimental Setup

The previous Chapter described about the simulation studies of Solar Wind
Hybrid System. The simulation studies of Three phase bridge rectifier, Sepic
converter Buck Converter, Boost converter Inverter and Wind power genera-
tion is done. This Chapter describes about the Experimental setup of Three
Phase Bridge Rectifier using 3 phase AC generator.

6.1 Experimental setup of 3 Phase Bridge Rec-

tifier
6.1.1 Aim
To design and set up a 3 Phase Bridge Rectifier

6.1.2 Components Used

SL.NO. EQUIPMENT/COMPONENT SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1 Diode 6A4 6
2 Capacitor 400V,100 1
3 3 Phase AC Generator 415V,15A,50Hz 1
4 Voltmeter (0-500)V MI 1

6.1.3 Procedure
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Apply 415V input AC supply from 3 Phase AC Generator.
3. Observe the voltmeter reading.

23
6.1. Experimental setup of 3 Phase Bridge Rectifier 24

6.1.4 Observations
Vrms = 415 V
Vout = 308 V

6.1.5 Experimental Setup

Figure 6.1: Three Phase AC–DC Bridge Rectifier Circuit

6.1.6 Results
The experiment is done and output is verified with simulation results.
 Chapter 7
Conclusions

The project is built on a idea of hybrid systems. Developing hybrid systems

is one of the most convenient and effective solution for producing electricity
as compared to non-renewable energy resources. It is not only less costly but
also it does not cause any harm to the environment. Another thing is that it
can be used to generate electricity in hilly areas, where it is quite difficult to
transmit electricity by conventional methods. Depending on the requirement
its setup can be decided. All the people in this world should be motivated to
use non-conventional resources to produce electricity in order to make them
self-reliable to some extent. Long life span, less maintainence are some of its
plus point. It just requires some high initial investment.
In this project work, all power circuits are designed, analysed and simulated
using MATLAB SIMULINK /2016a. The hardware of three phase bridge
rectifier is made and results are verified with simulation results.

7.1 Future Work

. The future work include the integration of solar and wind energy to store the
voltage in battery using simulation. The hardware of the whole hybrid system
can made and installed in nearby remote areas. So that remote areas with no
hope for any future grid connection, can consider to tap into their own local
renewable energy resources and convert them through various contextualized
renewable energy technologies into useful energy services.

25
 Bibliography

[1] Arjun A. K and Athul S. Hybrid power systems a feasibility study. Journal
of Clean Energy Technologies, 1(1):27–32, January 2013.

[2] P.S Bimbhra. Power Electronics. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2015.

[3] U.R FESL, Raif BAYIR, and Mahmut OZER. Design and implementation
of a domestic solar-wind hybrid energysystem. pages 29–33, 2010.

[4] Mohan N. and T.M. Undeland. Power Electronics, Converters, Applica-

tions and Design. Wiley Publishers, India, 2008.

[5] Joshua Pearce and Andrew Lau. Solar photovoltaic energy. Journal of New
Renewable Energy Soruces, 3:84–101, July 2008.

[6] M.R SEIKAR. Design and operation of power systems with large amounts
of wind power. Joural of Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2:51–58, August
2011.

[7] N Sivaramakrishna and Ch Kasi Ramakrishna Reddy. Hybrid power gen-

eration through combined solar wind power and modified solar panel.
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT),
4(4):1414–1417, 2013.

26