LDI-824

Laser Diode Driver

USER’S MANUAL

WARNING

Use of controls or adjustments or perfor-

mance of procedures other than those
specified herein may result in hazardous
radiation exposure.

The use of optical instruments with

these products will increase eye hazard.
SDL-928 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

Warranty Policy
Last Revision: November 2000 All LDI products are warranted to be free from defects in work-
Part Number: 636-00007-00 Rev 00 manship and materials ("Nonconformity”) for a period of 1 Year
from date of shipment. This warranty does not apply to products
which LDI determines, upon inspection, have failed, become de-
fective or unworkable due to abuse, mishandling, misuse, altera-
tion, negligence, improper installation, use which is not in accor-
dance with the information and precautions described in the
applicable operating manual, or other causes beyond LDI’s con-
trol. This warranty does not apply to (i) any products or compo-
nents not manufactured by LDI or (ii) any aspect of the products
based on Buyer’s specification, unless Seller has reviewed and ap-
proved such specification in writing. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGO-
ING WARRANTY, LDI SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS AND EX-
CLUDES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NONINFRINGEMENT,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Buyer shall notify LDI of any Nonconformity during the warranty

period, obtain a return authorization for the nonconforming prod-
ucts, and return the nonconforming products, freight prepaid, to
LDI’s designated facility along with a written statement describ-
ing the Nonconformity. LDI’s sole and exclusive obligation under
this warranty is to use reasonable commercial efforts, at LDI’s op-
tion, to repair, replace or refund the purchase price for any prod-
ucts which are returned to LDI as set forth above and which are,
after examination by LDI, determined in LDI’s reasonable discre-
tion to be nonconforming. In-warranty repaired or replacement
products are warranted only for the remaining unexpired portion
of the original warranty period applicable to the repaired or re-
placed products or components, however the warranty period
does not include the time period between when LDI receives the
nonconforming products and when LDI returns the repaired or
replacement products to Buyer. Buyer agrees that the foregoing
provisions constitute the sole and exclusive remedies available to
Buyer for breach of warranty by LDI with respect to the prod-
ucts.

IN NO EVENT WILL LDI BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCI-

DENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF ANTICIPATED PROFITS OR BEN-
EFITS, EVEN IF LDI HAS BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY
THEREOF IN ADVANCE. IN NO CASE WILL LDI’S AGGREGATE
LIABILITY TO BUYER BE GREATER THAN THE PURCHASE PRICE
PAID BY BUYER TO LDI FOR THE PRODUCTS WHICH ARE THE
SUBJECT OF BUYER’S CLAIM.

The products are not authorized by LDI for Buyer’s use in any de-
vice or application where the failure, malfunction or inaccuracy
of the product carries a risk of death or serious bodily injury,
such as, but not limited to medical equipment, nuclear facilities,
aircraft operations, air traffic control, life support or other appli-
cation representing a similar degree of hazard. Any such use is
prohibited without prior written agreement of LDI under terms
intended to allocate the risks of selling the product for such uses.
Buyer will indemnify, defend and hold LDI harmless from all
claims, losses, damages and expenses, including attorney’s fees
arising from any prohibited use or application of the products.

50
Contents

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

1.0 User Safety 1

1.1 Ground The Power Supply 2

1.2 Verify Line Voltage Selector Setting 2
1.3 Removing The Cover 2
1.4 Servicing 2
1.5 FCC Compliance 2
1.6 Laser Safety Warnings 3

2.0 Initial Inspection And Turn On 5

2.1 Unpacking the LDI-824 6

2.2 Setting The Line Voltage and
Selecting A Fuse And Power Cord 6
2.3 Initial Turn-on 6

3.0 Product Description 7

4.0 Specifications 9

5.0 LDI-824 Front Panel Description 13

5.1 Main Power Key Switch 16

5.2 Display 16
5.3 LASER POWER 16
5.4 CURRENT LIMIT (ERROR) 17
5.5 CURRENT (AVERAGE and PEAK) 18
5.6 CONTROL MODE (CUR and PWR) 19
5.7 POWER (AVERAGE and PEAK) 20
5.8 DETECTOR CAL 21
5.9 TEMP (SET/ACT and TEC LIMIT) 22
5.10 PULSE MODE (WIDTH) 23
5.11 PULSE MODE (AMPLITUDE and BASELINE) 24
5.12 PULSE MODE (ON/OFF) 25
5.13 PULSE MODE (RATE and ONE PULSE) 26
5.14 Control Knob 28
5.15 ANALOG TRIGGER INPUT 28
5.16 LASER OUTPUT 28

63
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

6.0 LDI-824 Rear Panel Description 31

6.1 Fan and Intake Slots 34

6.2 TRIGGER SWITCH 34
6.3 REMOTE INTERLOCK 34
6.4 RECORDER OUTPUTS (POWER and CURRENT) 35
6.5 RS-232 Connector 35
6.6 Power Module 35

7.0 Calibration Procedure, Error Messages and Self Test 37

7.1 Calibration Procedure 38

7.2 Error Messages 40
7.3 Self Test 42

8.0 Operating Instructions 45

8.1 Preliminary Set-up Procedure 46

8.2 Continuous Wave (CW) Operating Procedure 48
8.3 Pulsed (Quasi-cw) Operating Procedure 49
8.4 Other Modes of Operation 51

9.0 Service 53

10.0 Parts List 55

11.0 Schematic Diagrams 57

11.1 LDI-824 Power Supply 58

11.2 LDI-824 Front Board 59
11.3 LDI-824 Main Board 60

64
 Section 1
User Safety

1
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

1.1 Ground The Power Supply

To minimize shock hazard, the power supply must be connected to an electrical
ground. The power supply is equipped with a three-conductor AC power cable
which must be plugged into an approved three-contact electrical outlet.

1.2 Verify Line Voltage Selector Setting

Before connecting the line cord, verify that the line voltage setting in the power mod-
ule agrees with local line voltage. (See Section 6.6)

1.3 Removing The Cover

WARNING:
DANGEROUS VOLTAGES EXIST INSIDE THE POWER SUPPLY, EVEN WITH THE POWER SWITCHED OFF. ONLY QUALIFIED
SERVICE PERSONNEL SHOULD REMOVE THE COVER.

1.4 Servicing
There are no user replaceable parts inside the power supply. Refer all servicing to
qualified personnel. (See Section 9)

1.5 FCC Compliance

THIS EQUIPMENT GENERATES, USES, AND CAN RADIATE RADIO FREQUENCY ENERGY AND IF NOT INSTALLED AND
USED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL, MAY CAUSE INTERFERENCE TO RADIO COMMUNICA-
TIONS. IT HAS BEEN TESTED AND FOUND TO COMPLY WITH THE LIMITS FOR A CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE PERSU-
ANT TO SUBPART J OF PART 15 OF FCC RULES, WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE REASONABLE PROTECTION
AGAINST SUCH INTERFERENCE WHEN OPERATED IN A COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT. OPERATION OF THIS EQUIP-
MENT IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS IS LIKELY TO CAUSE INTERFERENCE, IN WHICH CASE, THE USER, AT HIS OWN EX-
PENSE, WILL BE REQUIRED TO TAKE WHATEVER MEASURES MAY BE REQUIRED TO CORRECT THE INTERFERENCE.

2
1.6 Laser Safety Warnings
The laser light emitted from laser diodes is invisible and may be harmful to the human
eye. Avoid looking directly into the laser diode or into the collimated beam along its
optical axis when the device is in operation.

Operating a laser diode outside of its maximum ratings may cause device failure or a
safety hazard.

See laser data sheets for additional information.

Figure 1.1 CDRH Safety Labels

DANGER LABEL SERIAL NUMBER LABEL

Laser Drive, Inc.

DANGER Gibsonia, Pennsylvania U.S.A.
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION*
MODEL: S/N:
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION MANUFACTURED:
Laser Diode Driver
D rives laser diodes up to 10 W m ax
CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT

*SEE MANUAL 3073 This laser product complies with 21 CFR 1040 as applicable

LDI-824 REAR PANEL

3
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

4
 Section 2
Initial Inspection
and Turn On

5
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

2.1 Unpacking Your LDI-824

Upon receipt, carefully inspect the shipping container for damage. Carriers will not
accept claims for damage unless all shipping materials are saved.

2.2 Setting the Line Voltage and Selecting a Fuse and Power Cord
See Section 6.6 for a description of the power module. Verify that the line voltage se-
lector and fuse are set properly. If the power cord we shipped is incorrect for your
area, either contact LDI or obtain the correct cord locally.

2.3 Initial Turn On

READ THIS MANUAL BEFORE CONNECTING A

LASER DIODE TO THE LDI-824

Refer to Section 8 for cw and quasi-cw operating procedures.

CAUTION:
LASERS MAY BE DAMAGED BY IMPROPER SETTING OF THE CURRENT LIMIT AND BIAS CONTROLS OR BY IMPROPER
USE OF THE ANALOG INPUT. SEE SECTIONS 5 & 8. CHECK THE LINE VOLTAGE SELECTOR AND FUSE BEFORE CON-
NECTING POWER.

The remote interlock jumper must be installed in the rear panel terminal strip. It is in-
stalled when shipped. If it is not in place, the LDI-824 will display INTERLOCK OPEN
and the unit will be inoperable. When operating the LDI-824 with an SDL-8630
tunable diode laser, an additional remote interlock is located within the laser housing.
The laser interlock is magnetically activated and is connected in series with the
interlock located at the rear of the LDI-824 driver. Operation of the SDL-8630 with its
top cover removed may only be accomplished by defeating the interlock with the
supplied magnetic interlock defeat. If the magnetic interlock defeat is not in place,
the LDI-824 will display INTERLOCK OPEN and the unit will be inoperable.

CAUTION:
THE SDL-8630 IS DESIGNED TO OPERATE WITH ITS TOP ENCLOSURE IN PLACE. SHOULD IT BECOME NECESSARY TO
OPERATE THE SDL-8630 WITH ITS TOP COVER REMOVED, AND ITS MAGNETIC INTERLOCK DEFEATED, USE EXTREME
CAUTION AND WEAR IR-PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR AT ALL TIMES.

6
 Section 3
Product Description

7
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

The LDI-824 is a high current general purpose laboratory laser diode driver. CW or quasi-
cw laser diodes, LED's or similar devices requiring up to 10 amps drive current may be safe-
ly operated and controlled with the LDI-824. Optical power or current control mode, tran-
sient suppression, diode protection circuits, set-up mode, overcurrent limit and full thermoe-
lectric cooler control are provided.

When used together with an SDL-8630 tunable diode laser, care should be exercised not to
exceed the rated current of the tunable diode laser unit. The current-limit feature of the
LDI-824 driver should always be utilized to prevent damage to the tunable diode laser
chips. Typical operating current for the SDL-8630 diode laser is 2 Amps.

The driver features multi-character alpha-numeric display of all key operating functions, er-
ror messages, and automatic self-test. Operator command is required for laser turn-on. Em-
bedded microprocessor based logic prohibits illegal commands and prevents inadvertent
faulty set-up. Highly stabilized analog circuits provide final laser drive.

A unique single knob control is combined with function switches for setting of operating
parameters. The lighted alpha-numeric display allows observation of function and value.
The single large control knob permits easy operator interface, even in darkened laboratory
environments and the analog "feel" so useful in fine adjustments.

An internal pulse generator allows operation of quasi-cw devices or digital modulation of

cw laser diodes. External triggering, and external modulation inputs are provided.

The thermoelectric cooler controller operates the TEC option on most laser diodes, or
may be used to control external TEC devices. This controller is calibrated for use with 10
kΩ thermistors and provides up to 5A at 10V.

This driver meets the requirements of 21 CFR 1040.10 laser safety regulations.

8
 Section 4
Specifications

9
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

Current Control Mode

Average/Peak Current Range 0.05 to 9.95 A

Average/Peak Current Resolution 0.01 A
Average Current Accuracy ± 0.02 A + 1% of reading
Peak Current Accuracy ± 0.03 A + 2% of reading, for frequency >10 Hz
Analog Input1
Scale Factor (Accuracy) 1V/A, 10 V Full Scale (± 0.03 A + 2% of reading)
Input Impedance 20 kΩ nominal
Bandwidth 25 kHz typical
Transition Times 12 µsec typical
Maximum Output Voltage 4 V at connector, 3 V end of cable
Noise 20 mA p-p @ laser connector typical

Power Control Mode

Average/Peak Power Range 0.01 to 2 W

Average/Peak Power Resolution 0.002 W (0.002 setpoint)
Average Power Accuracy ± 0.002 W + 2% of reading
Peak Power Accuracy ± 0.01 W + 3% of reading (0.02 W if MPD ≤ 0.5)
Analog Input
Scale Factor (Accuracy) 2 V/W, 4 V Full Scale (± 0.01 W + 3% of reading)
Input Impedance 20 kΩ nominal
Bandwidth 25 kHz typical
Transition Times 10 µsec typical
Maximum Output Voltage 4 V at connector, 3 V end of cable
Noise 5 mW p-p @ laser connector typical
(10 mW if MPD ≤ 0.5)

Monitor Photodiode

Control Range 0.1 to 20 µA/mW (mA/W)

Two Internal Ranges2 0.1 to 0.50 and 0.52 to 20 µA/mW
Resolution 0.02 µA/mW
Maximum Input Current 10 mA

Current Limit

Range 0.25 to 10 A
Resolution (Accuracy3) 0.01 A ( ± 0.02 A + 1% of reading)

Temperature Control6

Actual/Setpoint Range -20 to 40 °C

Reading Range -25 to 50 °C
Resolution (Accuracy4) 0.1 °C (± 1 °C)
Maximum Voltage Drive 10.5 V at connector, 10 V end of cable
Maximum Current Drive 5A
TEC Drive Limit Range 0 to 10 V
Resolution (Accuracy) 0.01 V (± 0.02 V + 2% of setting)

10
Pulse Generator

Amplitude & Baseline

Range & Resolution same as Current/Power Modes
Current Accuracy add 1% to basic reading error
Power Accuracy add 1% to basic reading error
Width Range 10 µsec to 0.3 sec
Resolution (Accuracy) 5 µsec (± 2 µsec + 0.1% of setting)
Repetition Rate Range 1 to 1000 Hz, single pulse & ext. trig
Resolution ≤ 10 Hz
Accuracy ±0.1%
Pulse Rise Time 10 µsec (typical)

Monitor Outputs

Output Impedance: <1000 Ω

Current Scale Factor (Accuracy) 1V/A, 10 V Full Scale (±0.03 A + 2% of reading)
Power Scale Factor (Accuracy) 5 V/W, 10 V Full Scale (± 0.005 W + 2% of reading)

Remote Interlock

Open Circuit Voltage 5 V ± 10%

Short Circuit Current < 2 mA
Threshold < 1 V enables drive, > 3 V disables

Remote Trigger Switch

Open Circuit Voltage 5 V ± 10%

Short Circuit Current < 2 mA
Threshold switch closure or < 1V triggers single pulse if
enabled on front panel, switch opening or
> 3 V re-arms.

General

Operating Temperature 10 to 40 °C, noncondensing

Storage Temperature -40 to 75 °C
Power 100, 120, 220, 240 VAC +5%, -10% 48 to 66 Hz
270 W maximum @ 120 VAC
300 VA maximum @ 120 VAC
Size (H x W x D) 6" x 17" x 17" (155mm x 435mm x 435mm)
Weight 26 lb. (12 kg)

Notes
1. The sum of bias and analog currents will limit at the current limit setting
2. Offset increases for Monitor Photodiode calibration < 0.52 µA/mW
3. Total error between displayed current limit and displayed average current in current limit mode may be as
high as the sum of the accuracies for these two values.
4. The thermistor presently used by LDI has a ±5% tolerance at 25 °C, ±8% at -10 °C, and ±6% at 30 °C.
Corresponding temperature errors are ±1.2, ±1.5, and ± 1.5 °C.
5. The LDI-824 is designed to apply a negative bias to the laser diode Cathode Lead while the Anode Lead is at ground.
6. Temperature control is unipolar for cooling.

11
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

REAR SIDE
17.00 (435) 17.00 (435)

CAUTION

TRIGGER REMOTE
6.00
SWITCH INTERLOCK
RECORDER OUTPUTS RS232
(150)
POWE CURRENT
R

+ - + -

FRONT

ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT
LDI-824
LASER DIODE DRIVER

CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE LASER OUTPUT

LASER LIMIT MODE CAL
POWER ERROR CUR PW R W ID T H O N /O F F

POWER
OFF ON ON/OFF

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • S E T /A C T • A M P L IT U D E • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • T E C L IM IT • B A S E L IN E • O N E PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

Output Cable Supplied with

LDI-824 Driver

AAA PIN
NUMBER

1
2
WIRE
COLOR

RED
VIO
WIRE
FUNCTION

LASER ANODE (+)

MPD (–)
WIRE
GAUGE

18
24
3 BLU MPD (+) 24
4 GRN/YEL FAN (–) / CASE 18
5 YEL LED (–) 24
6 ORN LED (+) 24
7 GRN TEC (–) 18
8 – – –
9 – – –
10 ORN LASER CATHODE (–) 18
11 RED FAN (+) 24
12 BLK INTERLOCK 24
13 – – –
14 BLK THERMISTOR 1 24
15 YEL TEC (+) 18
16 BRN THERMISTOR 2 24

12
 Section 5
LDI-824 Front Panel
Description

13
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

This section describes the operation of each front panel feature. The descriptions match
the panel layout pictured here from left to right. Reading this section is an excellent way to
become familiar with the operation of the LDI-824.

page page page page page page

17 19 21 23 25 16

LDI-824
LASER DIODE DRIVER

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
POWER ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF

OFF ON
ON/OFF

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

page page page page page page page

16 16 18 20 22 24 26

14
 page
28

ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT

LASER OUTPUT

page page
28 28

15
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.1 Main POWER Switch

This switch controls the line power. It is a locking switch, with the key removable
only in the "OFF" position. The LASER POWER key (button) is a more convenient
way to switch power to the laser diode. An automatic self-test is performed at power
on. This test will not damage a laser if one happens to be connected. After the self-
test, the LDI-824 will automatically switch to the current limit function.

5.2 Display
The 20 character display indicates the parameter being displayed, its value and its
units. Informative and error messages are also displayed.

SELFTEST DONE

5.3 LASER POWER (ON/OFF)

This key (button) toggles between laser ON and laser OFF. The light in the key lights
when the laser is ON. When switching from OFF to ON, the light blinks for about 5
seconds before the laser actually switches on. This delay is provided to comply with
safety requirements. If a laser is not connected to the output connector, the LASER
POWER control will not switch ON and if the laser becomes disconnected, the LASER
POWER control will switch off. Pressing any key during the 5 second wait will cancel
the delay and return to laser OFF.

PLEASE WAIT . . .

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

CAUTION: DO NOT SWITCH THE LASER POWER ON WITHOUT FIRST CHECKING CURRENT LIMIT, DETECTOR CAL, AND
ALL DRIVE LEVELS.

16
 Function Keys
This group of 10 keys controls the functions of the LDI-824. The top row is conventional. The bottom row of
keys each access 2 functions. The most common function appears the first time a lower key is pressed and
then the two functions listed on the panel under each key alternate each time the key is subsequently pressed.
An exception to the rule for the lower row of keys is the pulse rate key. It is used for selecting pulse rate and
producing single pulses but the two functions do not toggle.

5.4 CURRENT LIMIT (ERROR)

This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the current limit value. Drive
current for both the setup load and laser diode will not exceed the value shown on the
display. CURRENT LIMIT responds to the instantaneous current value, including ana-
log inputs and pulses. The light in the CURRENT LIMIT key lights whenever the LDI-
824 is in current limit (typically, the error indication occurs about 100 mA before full
current limiting.) Although the current limit setting will display "0", the actual cur-
rent is not specified to track the current limit setting below 0.25 A.

CURRENT LIM. 1.23 A

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

It is good practice to always check CURRENT LIMIT prior to operating a laser diode.
A suggested initial setting for CURRENT LIMIT is the rated operating current for the
laser. After verifying correct operation, the current limit may be raised slightly to al-
low operation at rated current without current limiting.

CAUTION: THE CURRENT LIMIT VALUE SHOULD BE CHANGED WHEN CHANGING LASERS.

17
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.5 CURRENT (AVERAGE and PEAK)

This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the laser operating current.
The display shows the actual average current (not the same as pulse baseline in pulse
mode, which shows the setpoint). This value is affected by the knob, analog input
and pulse drive. Remove other drives to see the effect of the internal setpoint alone.
When in power control ("PWR") or PULSE mode, the average current is displayed but
may not be adjusted. Some analog input and pulse drive conditions will result in an
unstable average reading due to the averaging time constant. When the LDI-824 is
switched on, the current setpoint is the same as when power was switched off. The
setpoint for average current is independent from the pulse mode baseline current set-
point.

PEAK CURRENT 1.23 A

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

If the display is already showing current, the CURRENT key may be pressed a second
time to observe peak current. Peak current is the peak value of the actual current.
When the PULSE MODE is OFF, using the knob affects average current even though
viewing peak current. When the PULSE MODE is ON, the knob has no effect. Below
about 10 Hz, the peak reading becomes jittery. If it is desired to operate a laser to
some peak current, the built-in pulse generator may be used to set the baseline and
peak values.

18
5.6 CONTROL MODE (CUR and PWR)
This key alternates between current (CUR) and power (PWR) control modes. The
lights in the key indicate which mode is active. The power mode may only be entered
when the laser is on and a monitor photodiode (MPD) is connected to the LDI-824.
This rule was imposed because when the laser is OFF, no MPD signal is available to
the control circuitry and proper setting of the control cannot be verified.

AVG. CURRENT 1.23 A

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

Each time the laser is switched ON (automatically into current mode first), the AVER-
AGE POWER setpoint is set to 0. If the laser power is switched OFF while in the pow-
er control mode, the LDI-824 will remain in power mode until any key except LASER
POWER is pressed (to turn the laser back ON). This allows the laser to be switched
ON and OFF without having to restore power control mode settings each time. The
power indicator in the key blinks to indicate this special condition and the power set-
points are not cleared. When the LDI-824 main power is switched ON, the control
mode will be set to current control. If the control mode is switched when the laser
power is ON, the setpoints for the new mode (both BASELINE and AMPLITUDE in
pulse mode) will retain their last values.

CAUTION:
DO NOT CHANGE CONTROL MODES WHILE A LASER IS ON IF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR THE MODE TO BE EN-
TERED ARE NOT VALID FOR THE LASER CONNECTED TO THE LDI-824. SET THE DETECTOR CALIBRATION VALUE AS DE-
SCRIBED ON PAGE 21 BEFORE SWITCHING TO POWER CONTROL MODE.

19
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.7 POWER (AVERAGE and PEAK)

This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust laser power. The display
shows the actual average power (not the same as pulse baseline in pulse mode, which
shows the setpoint.) This value is affected by the knob, analog input and pulse drive.
Remove other drives to see the effect of the internal setpoint alone. When in current
control ("CUR") or PULSE mode or when the laser is not ON, the power is displayed
but may not be adjusted. Some analog input and pulse drive conditions will result in
an unstable average reading due to the averaging time constant. Power control mode
may only be entered when the laser is ON and a monitor photodiode (MPD) is con-
nected. When the LDI-824 is switched on, the power setpoint is initialized to 0. The
setpoint for average power is independent from the pulse mode BASELINE power set-
point.

PEAK POWER 0.500 W

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

If the display is already showing power, the POWER key may be pressed a second
time to display peak power. Peak power is the peak value of the actual power.
When PULSE MODE is OFF, using the knob affects average power even though view-
ing peak power. When the PULSE MODE is ON, the knob has no effect. Below about
10 Hz, the peak reading becomes jittery. If it is desired to operate a laser to some
peak power the internal pulse generator may be used to set the baseline and peak val-
ues.

20
5.8 DETECTOR CAL
This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the calibration number for the
monitor photodiode (MPD). The units used are µA/mW (or, equivalently, mA/W) and
the number is found on data sheets which accompany the lasers. The calibration
number adjusts the LDI-824 to match variations in MPD gain from one laser to an-
other. When the LDI-824 is first switched ON, DETECTOR CAL will be the same as
when power was switched OFF. DETECTOR CAL may only be adjusted when not in
power (PWR) control mode.

[Link]. 12.34 uA/mW

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

Proper use of DETECTOR CAL is essential when driving a laser in power control
mode. For instance, if the true detector calibration for a laser connected to the LDI-
824 is 5 µA/mW and DETECTOR CAL is set to 10 µA/mW, when the LDI-824 is
switched to power control the laser will emit double the indicated power unless
stopped by the current limit. A good procedure is to first run the laser in current
mode (after setting DETECTOR CAL to the data sheet value while the laser drive is
still off). Set the current to a value for which the power may be read from the data
sheet and compare the displayed power value with the data sheet value. If the DE-
TECTOR CAL setting is much smaller (about 1/2 of actual) than the actual value, the
LDI-824 may oscillate or overshoot when in power control mode. If you use a cus-
tom monitor photodiode, limit MPD current to less than 10 mA (less than 5 mA rec-
ommended).

CAUTION:
IF THIS CONTROL IS IMPROPERLY SET, THE LASER DIODE MAY BE DRIVEN TO CURRENT LIMIT OR THE LDI-824 MAY
OSCILLATE WHEN POWER CONTROL IS SELECTED. ALWAYS SET DETECTOR CAL BEFORE SWITCHING A LASER ON.

21
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.9 TEMP (SET/ACT and TEC LIMIT)

This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the thermoelectric cooler set-
point and to show the actual temperature. Both setpoint and actual are displayed si-
multaneously. When the LDI-824 is first powered ON the setpoint will be the same
as when power was switched OFF. If no thermistor is detected, the message "OPEN"
will be displayed instead of the normal display. If a shorted thermistor is detected,
"SHORT" will be displayed. TEC drive voltage limit will be set to zero for either error
condition (the stored value for TEC limit will not be affected). The thermoelectric
cooler drive circuit is active whether the laser is ON or OFF.

SET/ACT +12.3/+12.4 C

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

If the display is already showing the two temperatures, the TEMP key may be pressed
a second time to display the maximum drive voltage which will be applied to the ther-
moelectric cooler. This limit varies for different laser products. For SDL lasers the
limits are:

SDL-8630 Tunable 8.0 Volts

SDL-2352-H1 4.5 Volts
SDL-2300 Series “P” packages 8.0 Volts

When the LDI-824 is first powered on, the voltage limit will be the same as when
power was switched off.

CAUTION:
IF USING THE LDI-824 WITH A SPECIAL THERMOELECTRIC COOLER, VERIFY THE VOLTAGE LIMIT SETTING. OBSERVE
THE ACTUAL TEMPERATURE DISPLAY FOR SIGNS OF THERMAL OSCILLATION.

THE LASER AND/OR THERMOELECTRIC COOLER MAY BE DAMAGED IF THE VOLTAGE LIMIT IS SET INCORRECTLY.

22
5.10 PULSE MODE (WIDTH)
This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the width of the drive pulses.
The maximum PULSE WIDTH setting is limited to 95% duty cycle. When the LDI-
824 is first powered ON, the pulse width will be the same as when power was
switched OFF.

PULSE WIDTH 123 us

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

23
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.11 PULSE MODE (AMPLITUDE and BASELINE)

This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the amplitude of the pulse
drive. The pulsed amplitude will be set either in amps or watts, depending on the
setting of CONTROL MODE. The laser drive will pulse from the BASELINE value to
the BASELINE plus the pulse AMPLITUDE value.

PULSE AMPL. 2.34 A

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

If the display is showing the pulse amplitude already, the key may be pressed a sec-
ond time to set the pulse BASELINE value. The BASELINE will also be set in the
units matching the control [Link] BASELINE values (current and power) are in-
dependent from the average value setpoints.

When the LDI-824 is first powered on, the AMPLITUDE and BASELINE values for
current will be the same as when electrical power was switched off. The BASELINE
and AMPLITUDE for power are set to zero each time power control mode is en-
tered. The special mode which allows switching the laser off without losing set-
points applies here too (See Section 5.6).

Pulse AMPLITUDE and BASELINE values in the display are setpoints, not measured
values. The values in the display do not include the effects of external inputs.

24
5.12 PULSE MODE (ON/OFF)
This key turns the pulse mode OFF and ON. The light in the key is on when the
pulse mode is ON. Pulse AMPLITUDE, WIDTH, and RATE are all associated with
this key. When the LDI-824 is first powered ON, the pulse mode will be the same
as when power was switched OFF. An important thing to remember is that all the
setpoints for pulse mode are independent from the average current and power set-
points.

The SDL-8630 tunable laser diode may be safely operated in pulse mode using the
LDI-824 driver. NOTE: The peak power and peak current levels at which the
SDL-8630 laser diodes may be operated are the same as its cw values.

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

CAUTION:
WHEN THE PULSE MODE IS SWITCHED OFF, THE FUNCTION OF THE ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT SWITCHES FROM
TRIGGER (IF IN SINGLE PULSE MODE) TO INPUT. THIS MAY APPLY HIGH DRIVE LEVELS TO THE LASER DIODE. THE
CURRENT WILL BE LIMITED TO THE CURRENT LIMIT VALUE.

WHEN THE PULSE MODE IS SWITCHED, DRIVE CONDITIONS ARE ALSO SWITCHED. USE CAUTION WHEN SWITCH-
ING PULSE MODE WITH LASER POWER ON.

25
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.13 PULSE MODE (RATE and ONE PULSE)

This key sets the display and knob to show and adjust the width of the pulse rate.
The maximum pulse rate setting is limited to 95% duty cycle. Above about 300 Hz,
the actual output does not change every 1 Hz, although the display does. The output
step size increases from about 0.3 to 1% as the rate increases from 300 to 1000 Hz.

PULSE RATE 234 Hz

LASER CURRENT CONTROL DETECTOR PULSE MODE

POWER LIMIT MODE CAL
ERROR CUR PWR WIDTH ON/OFF
ON/OFF

PRESS

• AVERAGE • AVERAGE • SET/ACT • AMPLITUDE • RATE

• PEAK • PEAK • TEC LIMIT • BASELINE • ONE PULSE

CURRENT POWER TEMP PULSE MODE

or . . . *****PULSE*****

or . . . ONE PULSE READY

26
If the rate is adjusted to 1 Hz, then about 1/2 turn more counterclockwise, the sin-
gle pulse mode is enabled. Subsequently, each time the pulse rate key is pressed, a
single pulse will be produced and will be indicated on the display.

The ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT switches from INPUT to TRIGGER and the rear pan-
el TRIGGER switch is activated. Triggering frequency is limited to 1 Hz from the
PULSE RATE button or TRIGGER switch input, but is limited only by pulse overrun
from the front panel TRIGGER INPUT. Because of hardware limitations, the actual
pulse width does not respond to changes in single pulse mode when the front panel
TRIGGER INPUT is used. Pressing the RATE key or triggering from the rear panel
will update the pulse width.

If other keys are pressed while in the ONE PULSE mode, the appropriate function
will be displayed and may be adjusted as usual. Pressing the RATE key will produce
a pulse and return the display to "ONE PULSE READY". The RATE and rear panel in-
puts cause a "*****PULSE*****" to be displayed, but the front panel input does not. To
exit the one pulse mode, turn the knob about 1/2 turn clockwise.

When the LDI-824 is first powered ON, the pulse rate is the same as when power
was switched OFF. Note that while the knob is being used to adjust the pulse rate,
missing and extra output pulses may occur.

CAUTION:
WHEN THE SINGLE PULSE MODE IS SWITCHED OFF, THE FUNCTION OF THE ANALOG/TRIGGER SWITCHES TO ANA-
LOG INPUT AND ANY APPLIED SIGNAL AFFECTS THE DRIVE LEVEL.

27
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

5.14 Control Knob

The knob is used to adjust all settings. About 8 to 12 revolutions are required to
scan from zero to full scale. In some cases, for instance viewing peak current while
in pulse mode, the knob has no effect. The previous sections detail when the knob
is "locked out."

5.15 ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT

This BNC connector allows adding modulation to the values set by the LDI-824 con-
trols except when in single pulse mode. Full scale is 10 V (10 A or 2W). In single
pulse mode this connector allow external triggering. Trigger threshold is 1.5 V
nominal. The shell of the BNC is referred to safety ground.

CAUTION:
THE ANALOG INPUT MAY OVERDRIVE THE LASER IF EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE IS APPLIED. CURRENT LIMIT WILL PRO-
TECT THE LASER IF SET PROPERLY. READ THE PULSE RATE SECTION ON PAGE 21 BEFORE USING THE ANALOG/
TRIGGER INPUT IN SINGLE PULSE MODE.

5.16 LASER OUTPUT

This multi-pin connector allows connecting the output cable or optional heatsinks
to the LDI-824. It carries laser drive, thermoelectric cooler drive, monitor photodi-
ode and thermistor signals. The matching plug installs with the large polarizing key
"up". The output cable color code is shown below.

2 1 3
Note that heavy gauge (18 AWG) wire is used to minimize
4 5 6
voltage drops in the cable. Short lengths (4 inches, 10 cm)
7 8 9 10
of 20 AWG wire may be used to make a transition from the
11 12 13 cable conductors to the laser pins. Because high currents
14 15 16 are generated by the LDI-824, cable inductance is also im-
portant. Energy stored in cable inductance during a pulse
must be absorbed. Use of short cables and reverse protec-
tion diodes (1N5818, 1A Schottky) is strongly recommend-
ed.

28
 Pin Wire Wire Function
Number Color Gauge

1 RED 18 LASER ANODE ( + )

2 VIO 24 MONITOR PHOTODIODE ( – )
3 BLU 24 MONITOR PHOTODIODE ( + )
4 GRN/YEL 18 FAN ( – )/CASE
5 YEL 24 LED ( – )
6 ORN 24 LED ( + )
7 GRN 18 TE COOLER ( – )
8 – – NOT USED
9 – – NOT USED
10 ORN 18 LASER CATHODE ( – )
11 RED 24 FAN ( + )
12 BLK 24 INTERLOCK
13 – – NOT USED
14 BLK 24 THERMISTOR 1
15 YEL 18 TE COOLER ( + )
16 BRN 24 THERMISTOR 2

Comments in parentheses refer to the polarity of the voltage on a wire. The overall cable
shield may be connected to the laser anode lead or the laser package (case). The monitor
photodiode shield should not be connected (It is connected at the front panel).

29
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

30
 Section 6
LDI-824 Rear Panel
Description

31
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

This section describes the operation of each rear panel feature. The
descriptions match the panel layout pictured here from left to right.

Reading this section is an excellent way to become familiar with the

operation of the LDI-824.

page
34

DANGER
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION*
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION
Laser Diode Driver
Drives laser diodes up to 10 W max
CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT
*SEE MANUAL 3073

THIS EQUIPMENT COMPLIES WITH THE REQUIREMENTS IN PART

15 OF FCC RULES FOR A CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE.
OPERATION OF THIS EQUIPMENT IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA MAY
CAUSE UNACCEPTABLE INTERFERENCE TO RADIO AND TV
RECEPTION REQUIRING THE OPERATOR TO TAKE WHATEVER
STEPS ARE NECESSARY TO CORRECT THE INTERFERENCE.

TRIGGER REMOTE
SWITCH INTERLOCK

+ - + -

page page
34 34

32
 CAUTION FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION, REPLACE FUSE ONLY WITH
SPECIFIED TYPE AND RATING. DISCONNECT POWER BEFORE
Laser Drive, Inc. REPLACING FUSE. NO USER- SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER
Gibsonia, Pennsylvania 15044 U.S.A. SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
MODEL: S/N:
LINE VOLTAGE +5% - 10% 100 120 220 240
MANUFACTURED: FUSE 3 AG 250 V 4A 2A
This laser product complies with 21 CFR 1040 as applicable FREQUENCY: 48 - 66 Hz 500 VA MAX

RECORDER OUTPUTS RS232

POWER CURRENT

page page page

35 35 35

33
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

6.1 Fan and Intake Slots

The fan pulls air through the intake slots, over the internal components and heatsink,
then exhausts it through the fan guard. If dust build-up is seen on the intake slots or
fan, it may indicate a similar build-up internally. Remove the top cover (remove the
two screws at the rear of the top cover and slide it back) and check for dust. Vacuum
or blow dust out of unit. Note that some units have only 3 screws holding the fan
guard. The lower outboard screw is omitted from these units.

6.2 TRIGGER SWITCH

These two terminals on the terminal strip may be connected to a switch. When in sin-
gle pulse mode, each time the switch is closed a pulse will be generated. The switch
may be a remote foot or hand switch. The "–" terminal is connected to safety ground.

TRIGGER REMOTE
SWITCH INTERLOCK

+ – + –

6.3 REMOTE INTERLOCK

These two terminals on the terminal strip are provided to comply with safety require-
ments. They must be jumpered for normal operation. If it is desired to use the inter-
lock feature, remove the jumper and replace it with a circuit (for example, a door
switch) which will be closed in the normal position. If the switch is opened when the
laser drive is ON, the laser drive will switch OFF. The laser will not switch on when
the interlock closes again until the front panel LASER POWER control is pressed. The
"–" terminal is connected to safety ground.

When operating the LDI-824 with an SDL-8630 tunable diode laser, an additional
remote interlock is located within the laser housing. The laser interlock is
magnetically activated and is connected in series with the interlock located at the rear
of the LDI-824 driver. Operation of the SDL-8630 with its top cover removed may
only be accomplished by defeating the interlock with the supplied magnetic interlock
defeat. If the magnetic interlock defeat is not in place, the LDI-824 will display
INTERLOCK OPEN and the unit will be inoperable.

CAUTION:
THE SDL-8630 IS DESIGNED TO OPERATE WITH ITS TOP ENCLOSURE IN PLACE. SHOULD IT BECOME NECESSARY TO
OPERATE THE SDL-8630 WITH ITS TOP COVER REMOVED, AND ITS MAGNETIC INTERLOCK DEFEATED, USE EXTREME
CAUTION AND WEAR IR-PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR AT ALL TIMES.

34
6.4 RECORDER OUTPUTS
These two BNC connectors allow monitoring the laser drive current and output pow-
er (if the laser is equipped with a monitor photodiode). Both signals are designed to
be used with high impedance measuring equipment. Both signals also follow the
pulse and modulation drive signal components. If these signals are used with an X-Y
recorder, be sure the bandwidth of the recorder is adequate.

POWER: This BNC output provides a voltage proportional to the monitor photodiode
signal. Assuming the DETECTOR CAL is set correctly, the scale factor is 5 V/W.

CURRENT: This BNC output provides a voltage proportional to the current flowing
through either the internal load or laser diode. The scale factor is 1 V/A.

6.5 RS-232 (An option not yet available)

6.6 Power Module

The power module allows changing line cords to match local outlets, holds the main
line fuse and allows matching line voltage to one of 4 choices by removing and reposi-
tioning a small circuit board in the module. Use a pair of pliers to extract the voltage
selecting circuit board if it needs to be changed.

WARNING:
VERIFY THAT THE LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION AND FUSE ARE CORRECT FOR YOUR INSTALLATION BEFORE APPLYING
POWER TO THE UNIT. MAKE ALL REQUIRED CHANGES WITH POWER REMOVED FROM THE UNIT.

Insert This Side First Insert This Side First

For Line Voltage = 100 For Line Voltage = 220

Fuse
220 100
CHECK FUSE CHECK FUSE
CHECK FUSE Power
220
CHECK FUSE
100 Module

Insert This Side First Insert This Side First

For Line Voltage = 120 For Line Voltage = 240

240 120
CHECK FUSE CHECK FUSE Voltage Selection
120
CHECK FUSE CHECK FUSE Circuit Board
240

35
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

36
 Section 7
Calibration Procedure,
Error Messages and
Self Test

37
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

7.1 Calibration Procedure

NOTE: This laser diode driver is calibrated at the factory prior to shipment. Opening
the chassis will invalidate the warranty. Before attempting service or calibration, con-
tact LDI.

The LDI-824 is calibrated using constants in non-volatile storage. To calibrate the

LDI-824, the top cover must be removed and the calibration jumper (JMP2) must be
removed. The top cover is removed by unscrewing the two screw near the top edge
of the rear panel and sliding the top cover rearward. Perform the calibration only if
the LDI-824 passes self test and after it has been on at least 1/2 hour. When JMP2 is
removed, the LASER POWER and PULSE ON/OFF keys are used to control the calibra-
tion process. The front panel knob is used to adjust the display to match an indepen-
dently measured value in some steps.

CAUTION:
IF PERFORMED IMPROPERLY OR WITH EQUIPMENT THAT DOES NOT MEET SPECIFICATION, THESE PROCEDURES WILL
ADVERSELY AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF THE LDI-824.

DO NOT CONNECT A LASER TO THE LDI-824 DURING CALIBRATION. MAKE NO CONNECTION TO ANALOG/TRIGGER
INPUT DURING CALIBRATION.

Calibration proceeds in the order below. To skip a calibration step, press the PULSE
MODE - ON/OFF key. To update a particular calibration constant and proceed to the
next step, press the LASER POWER key when the present step is completed. If trou-
ble occurs during a calibration step press the PULSE MODE - ON/OFF key to avoid up-
dating a constant with bad information. If an offset voltage exceeds 50 mV or a gain
error exceeds 20% (uncorrected), a calibration error will result.

Step 1: Main Voltage Reference

Display shows “VOLT. CAL [Link].” Connect a voltmeter capable of measuring 10 V
to an accuracy of 3 mV, high to TP 2 and low to TP 1. Adjust the front panel knob un-
til the display matches the value read on the external meter. (nominally 9 V). To up-
date the stored calibration constant, press the LASER POWER key. To skip this step
or exit without updating, press the PULSE MODE - ON/OFF key.

Step 2: Average Current Offset

Display shows “CURRENT OFS. DDD.” Connect an ammeter capable of measuring
100 mA to an accuracy of 1 mA to the external laser cable, high to orange and low to
red. Adjust the front panel knob until the display matches the value read on the ex-
ternal meter (nominally 100 mA). To actually change the stored value, press the LA-
SER POWER key. To skip this step or exit without updating, press the PULSE MODE -
ON/OFF key.

38
Step 3: Change Meter Range
Display shows “SWITCH TO 10A RANGE!” To avoid blowing a meter fuse or damag-
ing a meter, you must change ranges now. Press the LASER POWER key when you
are ready to proceed.

Step 4: Average Current Gain

Display shows “CURRENT GAIN [Link].” Connect an ammeter capable of measuring
10 A to an accuracy of 10 mA to the external laser cable, high to orange and low to
red (same as previous step). Adjust the front panel knob until the display matches the
value on the external meter (nominally 9 A). To actually change the stored value,
press the LASER POWER key. To skip this step or exit without updating, press the
PULSE MODE - ON/OFF key.

Step 5: Current Limit Offset and Gain

This routine executes automatically. The current limit offset and gain are adjusted to
match the average current values. Nothing appears in the display.

Step 6: Average Power Offset

This routine executes automatically. The average power offset is adjusted. Nothing
appears in the display.

Step 7: Average Power Gain

Display shows “POWER GAIN [Link].” Connect an ammeter capable of measuring 10
mA to an accuracy of 10 µA, high to TP 3 and low to TP 1. Adjust the front panel
knob until the display matches the value on the meter (nominally 3 mA).

When calibration is complete, the message “CALIBRATION COMPLETE” appears in

the display. Remember to replace the calibration jumper. If a calibration number ex-
ceeds maximum value, "CALIBRATION ERROR" will be displayed. After calibration,
the pulse mode will be off.

39
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

7.2 Error Messages

Error messages are displayed on the main display. The CURRENT LIMIT key also in-
cludes an indicator which lights if current limit occurs.

This error indicates that the number needed to calibrate a

CALIBRATION ERROR function exceeds the maximum allowed value. It can oc-
cur only during calibration. Check for errors in the calibra-
tion setup or hardware problems in the LDI-824.

CURRENT There is no displayed message for this error. The indicator

LIMIT in the CURRENT LIMIT key blinks. The indication contin-
ERROR ues for about one second after the error is removed so that
it will be visible even for transient current limiting. The er-
ror indication typically occurs 100 mA before the actual
current limit. Reduce the current or power setpoint or ex-
ternal modulation to correct the current limit error.

This error indicates the internal heatsink has overheated.

HEATSINK The laser drive and thermoelectric cooler voltage will be
set to 0 and the laser power will be switched OFF. The er-
ror message will remain until the heatsink cools 5° below
the trip temperature. When the heatsink cools, the ther-
moelectric cooler will be switched back on. The laser
power must be restored manually. Nominal trip tempera-
ture is 65 °C.

INTERLOCK OPEN This message occurs when the interlock circuit is opened.
The interlock terminals are on the rear panel and are jum-
pered when the LDI-824 is shipped. (The terminals may
be used to implement remote control of laser power for
safety reasons.) If the interlock circuit is opened, the laser
power is switched OFF. To proceed, the interlock circuit
must be closed and then the laser power must be switched
back ON manually.

When operating the LDI-824 with an SDL-8630 tunable

diode laser, an additional remote interlock is located
within the laser housing. The laser interlock is
magnetically activated and is connected in series with the
interlock located at the rear of the LDI-824 driver.
Operation of the SDL-8630 with its top cover removed
may only be accomplished by defeating the interlock with
the supplied magnetic interlock defeat. If the magnetic
interlock defeat is not in place, the LDI-824 will display
INTERLOCK OPEN and the unit will be inoperable.

40
 This message occurs when an attempt is made to switch
LASER OFF from current to power control modes when the laser pow-
er is OFF. The error occurs because the laser power can-
not be measured or set unless the laser is ON.

This message occurs when the power line voltage drops to

LOW LINE a level insufficient for proper circuit operation. The drive
level will be set to 0 and the laser power will be switched
OFF. To resume operation the main power switch must
be switched OFF, then back ON.

This message occurs when an attempt is made to switch la-

NO LASER ser power from OFF to ON with no laser connected.

This message occurs when an attempt is made to switch

NO MPD from current to power control modes when no monitor
photodiode is connected.

These messages refer to the thermistor used to sense the

OPEN temperature of an external laser. They are only displayed
when the TEMP key is pressed. Both errors indicate that
the thermoelectric cooler circuit will not be able to func-
tion correctly. The voltage limit of the thermoelectric cool-
er driver will be set to 0 volts until the error is corrected.
SHORT

41
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

7.3 Self Test

The self test is performed each time the LDI-824 is switched ON. It tests over 90% of
the LDI-824. The test is divided into several sections. Error messages show if a test
fails. The tests take about 15 seconds to perform. Self test may fail if a signal is con-
nected to the ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT during the test.

Test 1
This test exercises the digital portion of the LDI-824. An attempt to display the fol-
lowing error messages will be made, but if the digital test has failed, the result may be
unpredictable.

The error messages will read:

"DIG. ROM" - failed ROM test (checksum)

"DIG. RAM" - failed RAM test
"UNCALIBRATED" - the LDI-824 calibration data is missing

Test 2
This test turns on the front panel LED's for one second. No error messages are dis-
played.

Test 3
This tests the main ADC and DAC together by generating voltages with the DAC and
reading them with the ADC.

The error message is:

"MAIN DAC"

Test 4
This tests the variable gain power feedback amplifier and power peak detector by ap-
plying a test current and varying the power feedback DAC settings.

The error messages are:

42
 "POWER MODE" and "PEAK POWER"

Test 5
This tests the operation of the current control mode, current limit and current peak
detector. First, the current setpoint is set to 10 A and current limit is set to 0 and 8
amps. Actual current is measured to determine whether current limit is working.
The current limit signal line is checked. The peak current reading is tested. Next,
current limit is set to 10 A and the current setpoint is set to 0 and 8 amps.

Error messages are:

"CURRENT LIMIT," "CURRENT MODE," and "PEAK CURRENT"

Test 6
This tests the pulse generator by setting the output to 10 A and varying pulse rate and
width. The pulse width is first set to 500 µsec and the rate to 1 kHz, then the settings
are changed to 2 msec and 100 Hz. Average and peak reading are taken.

Error message is:

"PULSE MODE"

Test 7
This tests the thermoelectric cooler. The voltage limit is kept below the stored value
to avoid damaging a thermoelectric cooler if one is connected.

Error message is:

"TEC"

Test 8
This tests the heatsink sensor.

Error message is:

"HEATSINK SENSOR"

The self test will exit if any test fails. To use the LDI-824 even though self test failed,
press any key.

43
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

44
 Section 8
Operating
Instructions

45
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

These operating instructions present the sequence of events to be followed when assem-
bling the LDI-824 driver, heatsink and laser diode for operation in the continuous wave
(cw) and quasi-cw modes. Please read through this section prior to assembly. If there are
any questions about the use of this driver power supply, please contact LDI applications
engineering for assistance.

WARNING
READ THIS MANUAL BEFORE CONNECTING A LASER DIODE TO THE LDI-824 DRIVER. LASERS MAY BE DAMAGED BY IM-
PROPER SETTING OF THE CURRENT LIMIT AND BIAS CONTROLS OR BY IMPROPER USE OF THE ANALOG INPUT. REVIEW
SECTION 5 FOR THE PROPER SETTING OF THESE CONTROLS.

On a table grounded for electrostatic discharge protection (ESD), gather the LDI-824 Laser
Diode Driver, heatsink and the laser diode. The test data shipped with the laser diode is re-
quired for set up and should be kept within reach too.

8.1 Preliminary Set-up Procedure

Step 1: Selecting The Laser Heatsink/Head

The LDI-824 laser diode driver is customized for use with the SDL-8630 series tunable
laser diode. However it may also be used with other laser products. In general,
the cable connecting the driver to the laser must be customized to the laser
head/heatsink, therefore appropriate cables should be obtained from LDI to safely
operate each laser product.

For use with products other than the SDL-8630, the correct heatsink to use is the
LDI-824-P or LDI-824-H matched to the laser diode package that has been purchased.
For example, the SDL-2362-P1, 1 watt cw laser diode should be mounted onto the
SDL-824-P heatsink. Thus, the letter "P" suffix on the heatsink is consistent with the
"P1" designation on the laser diode. The purpose of the heatsink is to conduct and
dissipate the heat coming from the laser diode package, including the thermoelectric
cooler, if included.

Step 2: Interconnecting Heatsink and Laser Diode

The SDL-8630 series tunable lasers are shipped with one laser diode gain element
incorporated into the laser head/heatsink. In order to exchange tunable laser
submounts within the laser head/heatsink, follow the procedures within the
SDL-8630 tunable laser operator's manual.

For use of the LDI-824 with other laser products, follow this procedure: Using ESD
protection equipment and procedures, including a grounded wrist-strap, remove the
laser diode from the packaging material (refer to the "Laser Diode Operator's Manual
and Technical Notes," Section 3.0, provided with SDL's lasers). SDL laser diodes have

46
conductive material across the pins for ESD protection. Keep this material in place
until the laser is secured to the heatsink. With the correct mounting bolts, specific to
the laser diode package, fasten the laser package directly to the end of the heatsink.
Thermal conducting grease is not recommended because it can migrate and short the
"C" and "H" laser packages thus causing an apparent power supply malfunction. The
"P" packaged devices require that four mounting bolts be tightened securely. Be cer-
tain that all bolt holes are used to ensure proper heat conduction from the laser to the
heatsink. The P1 package has two additional threaded holes for mounting accessories
such as lenses and filters. The "P1" and "P2" packaged laser diodes can now be electri-
cally connected to the 9-pin socket on the heatsink (remove the conductive material
from the leads).

Step 3: Connecting The Laser Driver To The AC Line

Verify that the power module on the back of the LDI-824 is set for the correct line
voltage (refer to Section 6.6). Turn the driver key switch to the OFF position. Plug
the AC cord into the outlet.

Step 4: Plugging the Heatsink Cable Into the Front Panel Laser Output Connector
This is a large diameter (1.75"/45 mm), multi-pin plug with several polarizing keys.
The largest of these keys is to be aligned in the "up" position (a small "+" sign can be
seen on the outside surface of the plug). First, gently slide the connector into the
mating panel socket, then follow with a full clockwise twist until a snap is felt. The
connector is now properly seated. If this action does not occur smoothly, twist the
movable portion of the plug until it seats on the socket, then again try twisting a full
turn clockwise. It should not be necessary to force the connectors together.

Step 5: Preparing To Energize The Laser Diode

Review Section 2.0 of the "Laser Diode Operator's Manual and Technical Notes," Safe-
ty and 21 CFR 1040.10 Compliance before proceeding further.

CAUTION
POINT THE LASER AWAY FROM ANY PERSON WHO MAY BE IN THE AREA. FOR MEASUREMENT PURPOSES THE LASER
DIODE CAN BE POINTED INTO A POWER METER SUCH AS AN INTEGRATING SPHERE WITH A CALIBRATED DETECTOR.

PUT ON LASER SAFETY GOGGLES FOR USE WITH GaAlAs LASERS BEFORE PROCEEDING.

Find the main power key switch on the left side of the front panel and turn it to the
ON position. The display will show that self testing is occurring. After the words
"SELFTEST DONE" appear on the display, set CURRENT LIMIT. While referring to the

47
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

test data sent with the laser diode, set the current limit by turning the control knob to
the value shown for "I at XXXX mW" on the data sheet. For example, the SDL-8630
might require that the operating current for 0.5 Watt cw (I at 500 mW) be set to 2.0
amperes. Therefore, the current limit should also be set to 2.0 amperes initially, to
prevent accidental damage to the laser diode. Should the current limit not be set, it is
possible to apply too much current until causing irreversible, catastrophic damage.
If a monitor photodiode is included with your laser, push the DETECTOR CAL button
and set the displayed value to that shown on the laser test data sheet as "Monitor
Gain". These units are in microamperes per milliwatts (µA/mW).

Finally, if the laser diode has an internal thermoelectric cooler, push the button la-
beled TEMP and adjust the knob to display "+25/+25 C" or as close to this as possible.
This will set the same temperature as the laser diode factory test. Push the CURRENT
button and adjust to display "AVG. CURRENT 0 A".

8.2 Continuous Wave (CW) Operating Procedure

After completing Steps 1-5 of the Preliminary Set-up Procedure, push the LASER POW-
ER on/off button below the display. There will be a delay of approximately 5 sec-
onds, then the LDI-824 will be connected to the laser diode. The applied current
should display 0 amperes as the display shows "AVG. CURRENT 0 A". The "CUR" LED
should be glowing. Turn the knob slowly clockwise while watching the AVG. CUR-
RENT reading increase to about 75% of the rated operating current (about 1.5 A for
the SDL-8630). If either an internal detector or external power meter is being used,
this would be an ideal point to check the optical output power.

To check power with the internal monitor photodiode, push the lower button la-
beled: POWER, •AVERAGE, •PEAK. One push will display peak power. Correlate the
operating current with the output power at this 75% current point by checking the
Light vs. Current (L/I) curve on the test data sheet. If there is a severe disagreement
between the test data and that displayed, turn off the laser diode and recheck the rec-
ommended set up condition.

If operating conditions are as expected, continue to increase AVG. CURRENT until

reaching the recommended operating current (2.0 A for our example SDL-8630 tuna-
ble laser diode). If possible, recheck laser output power to confirm agreement with
the test data. Now the laser can be switched on and off to full power by pushing the
LASER POWER switch. Whenever a different laser diode is used with the LDI-824, the
current limit set up procedure must be repeated.

48
8.3 Pulsed (Quasi-cw) Operating Procedure
The term "quasi-cw" (QCW) is defined as that mode Typical Applications of
Quasi-cw Laser Diodes
of operation where the laser diode on-pulse-width is
greater than or equal to one microsecond. Laser • Pyrotechnic Initiation
diodes manufactured for cw operation can also be • Opthalmological Treatment
• Photo-Medical Procedures
operated in the QCW mode, whereas those laser • Solid-State Laser Pumps
diode designated for QCW operation can only be op- • Illumination
erated in that mode. Operating a QCW laser in the
cw mode could induce catastrophic damage. Pyrotechnic initiation with la-
ser diodes is typically a thermal
The SDL-8630 tunable laser diode may be safely process where the diode is
pulsed on for 100 µs to10 ms at
operated in pulse mode using the LDI-824 driver. a rate of less than 1 to 10 puls-
NOTE: The peak power and peak current levels at es per second. Often, the laser
which the SDL-8630 laser diodes may be operated are diode has a fiber optic pigtail
used to route the beam to the
the same as its cw values. pyrotechnic/explosive materi-
al. A typical scenario includes
Short pulse operation (< 10 µs pulse width) is not the delivery of a 10 mJ pulse;
1 watt for 10 ms, at 1 pps (1%
possible with the LDI-824 unless an adaptation is duty factor); to a material opti-
made near the laser diode to insert an RF circuit such mized for use with the GaAlAs
as a "BIAS TEE". Often, the RF bias circuit must be laser emission wavelengths
(nominally 800 nm to 840 nm).
optimized for the particular laser diode and desired The Quasi-cw operating proce-
range of modulation frequencies. A typical RF bias dures outlined in ths section in-
circuit is discussed in the "Laser Diode Operator's struct the user on how to set
up the laser diode for these
Manual and Technical Notes". Low duty cycle (< 1%), conditions.
short pulse (≤100 ns) operation is achievable with
separate power supplies available from other manu-
facturers.

Before operating in the pulse mode, be sure to read Steps 1-5 of the Preliminary Set-
up Procedures if you have yet to do so. Also, for reliable quasi-cw operation, please
refer to
the absolute maximum pulse conditions on the test data
sheet supplied with your laser diode.

Step 1
Set the CURRENT LIMIT to the value shown on the test data sheet. A typical current
for the CW, 0.5 W, SDL-8630 is 2.0 A. This is accomplished by turning the control
knob until the display reads CURRENT LIMIT 2.0 A.

49
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

Step 2
Adjust the pulse width to 10 ms (in this example) by pushing the WIDTH button and
turning the control knob until "10 ms" is displayed.

Step 3
Adjust the pulse rate to the desired frequency of 1 Hz by pushing the PULSE MODE
button: • RATE, • ONE PULSE. Turn the control knob until "1 Hz" is displayed, or . . .
push the button again and turn the control knob counterclockwise to display "ONE
PULSE READY".

Step 4
Set the desired pulse current by pushing the PULSE MODE button: AMPLITUDE and
adjusting the knob to about 10% less current than required to achieve 1 watt. In our
example where the laser emits 0.5 watts at 2 amperes, the pulse amplitude setting
would be 1.8 A.

If the pulse amplitude is first set to the same value as current limit in Step 1 above,
the CURRENT LIMIT ERROR light will flash indicating that the current limit circuit is
taking effect. To avoid pulse distortion, the 10% margin between these two current
set points is required. For lower power levels, a correspondingly lower pulse ampli-
tude would be set up in this step. Read the test data sheet, L/I curve, to find the low-
er current level for lower required power.

Step 5
Activate the PULSE MODE of operation by pushing the ON/OFF button located near-
est to the control knob. Now, it is possible to test the set points with the internal
dummy load, before energizing the laser. It is suggested that an oscilloscope be con-
nected to the rear panel CURRENT BNC connector. This will permit the pulse cur-
rent to the laser to be monitored at a 1V/A scale factor. The emitted optical power is
a replica of the drive current pulse.

If in the single pulse mode, try pushing the ONE PULSE button to display "***PULSE***
". This might also be a good time to test a remote mechanical trigger switch connect-
ed to the rear panel (ref. Section 6.2, "Trigger Switch"). The laser diode can also be
electronically triggered with a TTL pulse of at least 1.5 V applied at the ANALOG/
TRIGGER INPUT BNC connector (ref. Section 5.15, ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT).

50
 If all functions are acceptable, proceed to Step 6 below. If all functions
are not acceptable, recheck the current limit and peak current set
points discussed in Step 4 above. If error messages are displayed refer
to either Section 7 "Error Messages" or LDI for assistance.

Step 6
Energize the laser by pushing the LASER POWER, ON/OFF button. If
the pulse rate has been set to > 1 Hz, the laser diode will begin opera-
tion immediately after the 5 second delay. If set to the single pulse
mode, either manual or electronic triggering is required before the laser
will emit.

8.4 Other Modes Of Operation

Other conditions where more intricate operation is desired include:

1. Non-return-to-zero operation (cw with pulse added)

[ref. Section 5.11, PULSE AMPLITUDE and BASELINE]

2. Complex quasi-cw operation (polynomial function pulse)

[ref. Section 5.15, ANALOG/TRIGGER INPUT]

3. Temperature tuning wavelength (change set temperature)

[ref. Section 5.9, TEMP (SET/ACT and TEC LIMIT)]

Note: The TEC drive is active whether the laser is on or off.

4. Constant power operation (power control mode)

[ref. Section 5.6, CONTROL MODE CUR and PWR]

Each of these operating modes, as well as others, are made possible by

the LDI-824. Section 5 of this manual discusses both set-up and opera-
tion of 16 front panel features while Section 6 discusses the rear panel
aspects.

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LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

52
 Section 9
Service

53
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

WARNING
DANGEROUS VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT IN THIS PRODUCT EVEN WHEN THE POWER SWITCH IS OFF. ONLY EXPERIENCED
SERVICE PERSONNEL SHOULD ATTEMPT REPAIRS.

USE A LOW POWER SOLDERING IRON AND ROSIN CORE FLUX ONLY.

If it is necessary to remove a plug from a pc board-mounted socket, do so by slowly rock-

ing and pulling the plug. Excessive force can break the pc boards.

WARNING
DO NOT REMOVE THE SAFETY GROUND WIRE FROM THE FRONT OR REAR PANEL.

Main Board Jumpers:

JMP 1 Internal/External laser, not installed for external laser

JMP 2 Run/calibrate, installed to run

JMP 3 Run/test current loop, installed to run. Used for trouble shooting the output
stage.

JMP 4 Test processor/run, not installed to run

54
 Section 10
Parts List

55
LDI-824 LASER DIODE DRIVER USER’S MANUAL

(A complete part list will be available at a later date.)

56
 Section 11
Schematic Diagrams

57