MICRO-ORGANISMS
1. Define Micro-organisms? EXTRA QUESTIONS
Micro-organisms are microscopic, especially bacterium, fungus, protozoa
and virus. They may be single-celled or multi-celled. They can only be seen
through microscope.
2. Write a short note on bacteria.
Bacteria are single-celled organism. There are 4 main types of bacteria that
are, bacillus, cocci, vibrio and spirulla. Some bacteria are harmful, but most
serve a useful purpose. They support many forms of life, both plant and
animal. Bacteria are thought to be the first organism to appear on earth.
They reproduce asexually through binary or multiple fission.
3. Write a short note on fungi.
Fungi are plant-like organisms but they lack chlorophyll. They maybe
unicellular or multicellular. There are 70,000 known species of fungi. The
study of fungi is known as Mycology. Cell of fungi have a well developed
nucleus. They have cell organelles and a cell wall. They maybe parasitic or
saprophytic. They reproduce asexually by 3 modes that are budding,
fragmentation and spore formation.
4. Write a short note on protozoa.
Protozoa are unicellular. They are both plant and animal like species. There
are 50,000 known species of protozoa.
They have 3 different shapes:
Irregular like Amoeba.
Regular or definite like Paramecium.
Whip like or hair like structure just like a Euglena.
They maybe parasitic, holozoic or saprophytic. They reproduce by binary
fission, budding, spore formation or sexually {not advanced}.
5. Write a short note on virus.
Viruses are living organisms but only when they are inside hosts. If they are
outside the host, they are non-living. They are harmful and very
microscopic. There are many types of virus. The study of viruses is called
virology. They are parasitic when they are inside the host. The host maybe
bacterium, plant or animal.
ROLE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
Micro-organisms have been used for the production of alcohol since
ages.
They are used in cleaning the environments {Scavengers}.
They are used in making medicines.
They are used to increase soil fertility.
Micro-organisms decompose dead organic waste of plants and
animals converting them into simpler substances.
