Maharaja Ganga Singh University

Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)/ Bachelor of Science ([Link].)

GEOGRAPHY
(Semester) 2023-24
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
SEMESTER - III TO VI
Undergraduate Programme
(Effective from Academic Year 2023-24)

SYLLABUS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION AND
COURSES OF STUDY

Submitted by:

Prof. Pushpendar Singh

Convenor, Board of Studies for Geography
Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner
Preamble

Considering the curricular reforms as instrumental for desired learning outcomes, Maharaja Ganga
Singh University made a rigorous attempt to revise the curriculum of postgraduate and undergraduate
programmes in alignment with National Education Policy-2020 and UGC Quality Mandate for Higher
Education Institutions. The process of revising the curriculum could be prompted with the adoption
of "Comprehensive Roadmap for Implementation of NEP". The roadmap identified the key features of
the Policy and elucidated the Action Plan with well-defined responsibilities and indicative timeline for
major academic reforms. The University Grants Commission (UGC) has devised a series of regulations
and directives over time with the intention of enhancing the higher education system's quality and
enforcing minimum standards in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) throughout India. The recent
academic reforms suggested by the UGC have contributed to an overarching enhancement of the
higher education system.

With NEP-2020 in background, the revised curricula articulate the spirit of the Policy by emphasizing
upon- integrated approach to learning; innovative pedagogies and assessment strategies;
multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary education; creative and critical thinking; ethical and
constitutional values through value-based courses; 21st century capabilities across the range of
disciplines through life skills, entrepreneurial and professional skills; community and constructive
public engagement; social, moral and environmental awareness; exposure to Indian knowledge
system, cultural traditions and classical literature through relevant courses offering 'Knowledge of
India'; fine blend of modern pedagogies with indigenous and traditional ways of learning; flexibility in
course choices; student-centric participatory learning; imaginative and flexible curricular structures to
enable creative combination of disciplines for study; offering multiple entry and exit points,
integration of extracurricular and curricular aspects; exploring internships with local industry,
businesses, artists and crafts persons; closer collaborations between industry and higher education
institutions for technical, vocational and science programmes; and formative assessment tools to be
aligned with the learning outcomes, capabilities, and dispositions as specified for each course.

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

The Choice Based Credit System (CBCS), a part of academic reform process to enhance quality of
education and facilitate transferability of students from one University/institution to another at the
national and international level, provides substantive autonomy to teachers to formulate their own
curricula and enable them to introduce innovations in teaching and learning process and upgrade
overall quality of higher education. The CBCS provides scope for Comprehensive and Continuous
Evaluation (CCE) of students and encourages them to learn. The CBCS provides a cafeteria type
approach in which the students can take courses of their choice, learn at their own pace, undergo
additional courses, acquire more than the required credits, and adopt an interdisciplinary approach
to learning.

The grading system is widely regarded as an improvement over the traditional marks system, which is
why leading institutions in India and abroad have adopted it. Thus, there's a strong rationale for
establishing a consistent grading system. This would facilitate seamless student mobility among
institutions within the country and abroad, while also allowing prospective employers to accurately
assess students' performances. To achieve the desired standardization in the grading system and the
method for calculating the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) based on students' examination
results, the UGC has devised these comprehensive guidelines.
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 Outline of Choice Based Credit System
Core Course: A course which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a core requirement
is termed as a Core course.

• Discipline Specific Core Course Theory (DCCT)

• Discipline Specific Core Course Practical (DCCP)

Elective Course: Generally, a course which can be chosen from a pool of courses, and which may be
very specific or specialized or advanced or supportive to the discipline/ subject of study or which
provides an extended scope, or which enables an exposure to some other discipline/subject/domain
or nurtures the candidate’s proficiency/skill is called an Elective Course.

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course: Elective courses may be offered by the main
discipline/subject of study is referred to as Discipline Specific Elective. The University/Institute may
also offer discipline related Elective courses of interdisciplinary nature (to be offered by main
discipline/subject of study).

Dissertation/Project: An elective course designed to acquire special/advanced knowledge,

such as supplement study/support study to a project work, and a candidate studies such a course on
his own with an advisory support by a teacher/faculty member is called dissertation/project.

Generic Elective (GE) Course: An elective course chosen generally from an unrelated
discipline/subject, with an intention to seek exposure is called a Generic Elective.

P.S.: A core course offered in a discipline/subject may be treated as an elective by other

discipline/subject and vice versa and such electives may also be referred to as Generic Elective.

Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC): The Ability Enhancement (AE) Courses may be of two kinds:
Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC) and Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC). AECC courses
are the courses based upon the content that leads to Knowledge enhancement; i. Environmental
Science and ii. English/MIL Communication. These are mandatory for all disciplines. SEC courses are
value-based and/or skill-based and are aimed at providing hands-on-training, competencies, skills, etc.

Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC): Environmental Science, English

Communication/MIL Communication.

Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC): These courses may be chosen from a pool of courses
designed to provide value-based and/or skill-based knowledge.

Introducing Research Component in Under-Graduate Courses

Project work/Dissertation is considered as a special course involving application of knowledge in

solving / analyzing /exploring a real-life situation / difficult problem. Project/Dissertation work would
be of 6 credits. Project/Dissertation work may be given in lieu of a discipline specific elective paper.

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 B.A./ [Link]. (Pass Course) Subject: Geography
Program Outcome

The B.A./ [Link]. (Pass Course) Geography undergraduate program is designed to achieve the following
outcomes-

1. To provide opportunities for the holistic development of the students and to enable them to
make an effective contribution to the community, society, and nation.

2. To strive for scholastic excellence, instill moral values, create responsible citizens and to build
global competencies.

3. To create a conducive environment for experiential learning.

4. To instill the core values of faith, integrity, accountability, and creativity.

5. To enable the students to contribute to building a more sustainable and equitable world.

6. To enhance historical, political, environmental, spiritual, moral, and ethical consciousness.

7. To develop analytical and critical thinking skills in the field of research.

8. To sensitize young minds through education towards social, cultural, psychological, and
economic well-being and to reach out to the underprivileged.

9. To integrate and interlink knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to action.

10. To provide a general understanding of the concepts and principles of selected areas of study
thus enabling the students to decide upon specialized professional choices.

Program Specific Outcome

On successful completion of the Program the student shall be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in knowledge of essential concepts of geography about man and

environment; nature and society to exhibit their awareness and responsibility towards
environment and society at large.

2. Identifying, interpret and analyze human and environmental issues from local to global scales
by critically assessing their various perspectives to promote sustainable development of
humanity.

3. Develop integrated geographical knowledge to avail yourself of a plethora of opportunities in

the field of town planning, urban management, cartography, tourism, civil services, teaching,
survey, wildlife, population studies, community development etc.

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 Structure of Program: B.A./ [Link]. (Pass Course) Subject: Geography

Semester-III
Maximum Marks Minimum Hours
Total Passing in a
Paper Code Paper Name Code L T P
Credits Internal External Total Marks week
Marks Marks Marks (%)

Human
GEO4.5DCCT32 DCC 3 1 0 4 20 80 100 36 6
Geography

GEO4.5DCCP32 Practical DCC 0 0 2 2 10 40 50 36 4

Total Credits 6

Total Marks 30 120 150

Semester-IV
Maximum Marks Hours
Minimum
in a
Total Passing
Paper Code Paper Name Code L T P week
Credits Internal External Total Marks
Marks Marks Marks (%)

Geography of
GEO4.5DCCT42 DCC 3 1 0 4 20 80 100 36 6
Rajasthan

GEO4.5DCCP42 Practical DCC 0 0 2 2 10 40 50 36 4

Total Credits 6

Total Marks 30 120 150

Semester-V
Maximum Marks Minimum Hours
Total Passing in a
Paper Code Paper Name Code L T P
Credits Internal External Total Marks week
Marks Marks Marks (%)

World Regional
GEO4.5DCCT52 DCC 3 1 0 4 20 80 100 36 6
Geography

GEO4.5DCCP52 Practical DCC 0 0 2 2 10 40 50 36 4

Total Credits 6

Total Marks 30 120 150

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 Semester-VI
Maximum Marks Minimum Hours
Total Passing in a
Paper Code Paper Name Code L T P
Credits Internal External Total Marks week
Marks Marks Marks (%)

Geography of
GEO4.5DCCT62 DCC 3 1 0 4 20 80 100 36 6
India

GEO4.5DCCP62 Practical DCC 0 0 2 2 10 40 50 36 4

Total Credits 6

Total Marks 30 120 150

*L= Lecture; T= Tutorial; P= Practical

• A candidate shall be required to obtain 36% marks to pass in theory, practical and internals separately.
• The marks of Internal Evaluation – 30 Marks (20 Marks theory paper, 10 Marks practical paper) should
be given based on seminar/assignments/presentations/class tests/logical thinking/application of
knowledge and skills, other activities etc. based on syllabus.

Scheme of End Semester DCCT (Theory) Paper Examination

1. English/Hindi shall be the medium of instructions and examination.
2. There will be semester end examination.
3. The evaluation scheme shall comprise external evaluation and internal evaluation.
The internal evaluation will carry 30 (20T+10P) marks. Each theory paper will carry 80
marks. Practical paper will carry 40 marks.
4. The duration of the written examination for the theory paper shall be three hours.
5. A course will contain 5 units.
6. The question paper shall contain three sections.

Maximum Marks : 80 Duration:3 Hrs.

Section A
(10 x 1 = 10 marks)

Section A (10 marks) shall contain 10 questions, two from each Unit. Each question
shall be of 1 mark. All the questions are compulsory. Section A will be prepared such
that questions (i) through (v) are multiple-choice questions, while questions (vi)
through (x) will be fill-in-the-blank questions.

Section B
(5 x 5 = 25 marks)
Section B (25 marks) shall contain 5 questions (two from each unit with internal
choice). Each question shall be of 5 marks. The candidate is required to answer all 5
questions. The answers should not exceed 150 words.

Section C
(3 x 15 = 45 marks)
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 Section C (45 marks) shall contain 5 questions, one from each Unit. Each question shall
be of 15 marks. The candidate is required to answer any three questions by selecting
these three questions from different units. The answers should not exceed 400 words.

Scheme of End Semester DCCP (Practical) Paper Examination

1. Practical paper will carry 40 marks.

2. For practical papers of semesters, I, III, and V, no external examiner will be appointed
by the University. Instead, the examiner will be appointed by the respective head or
principal of the college, and both marks and credits will be submitted to the
University.
3. The duration of the practical examination shall be six hours.
4. Scheme: 2 periods (each of two hours duration) per week per batch of 40 students.
5. Distribution of marks: For Semester I, III and V Marks
1. Lab work/ Written work: 2 hrs duration 15
2. Record work & viva- voce: 2 hr duration 10+5=15
3. Field survey & viva-voce: 2 hr duration 7+3=10
Total 40

6. Distribution of marks: For Semester II, IV and VI Marks

1. Lab work/ Written work: 2 hrs duration 15
2. Record work & viva- voce: 2 hr duration 10+5=15
3. Field visit Report & viva- voce: 2 hr duration 7+3=10
Total 40

Note: The candidate is required to answer/attend any three exercises (5 marks each) out of five
exercises during Lab Work/ Written work and 40 candidates shall be examined in one batch.

Syllabus (Semester – III)

• Course Code: GEO4.5DCCT32

• Type of the course: Discipline Specific Core Course

• Title of the Course: Human Geography

• Level of the Course: NHEQF Level 4.5

• Credit of the Course: 4

• Delivery sub-type of the course: Theory -3, Tutorial -1

• Objectives of the course: The objective of the course is to provide students with a
comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between humans and their
environment. This includes examining the foundational concepts, principles, and
approaches of human geography, as well as the spatial distribution and characteristics
of various racial, ethnic, and tribal groups worldwide and in India. The course also aims
to analyze human adaptations to diverse environmental conditions, explore patterns of
population distribution and migration, and evaluate the population dynamics,
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 challenges, and policies specific to India, ultimately equipping students with the
knowledge to understand and address human geographical issues.
• Course Learning Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student shall be able
to:
➢ Comprehend the Scope and Principles of Human Geography.
➢ Analyze Human Diversity and Early Economic Activities.
➢ Evaluate Human Adaptations to Different Environments.
➢ Understand Population Distribution and Migration Patterns.
➢ Assess Population Dynamics and Policies in India.

GEO4.5DCCT32: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Unit I
Nature and scope of human geography; Branches of human geography; Principles of human
geography; Approaches of human geography; Concepts of man-environment relationship-
determinism, possibilism, and neo-determinism; Dichotomy in physical and human
geography.
UNIT- II
Division of mankind: spatial distribution, physical and social profile of racial groups, ethnic
groups, tribal groups in the world and in India; early economic activities of mankind- food
gathering, hunting, fishing, and shifting cultivation.

UNIT-III
Human adaptation to environment (i) Cold region- Eskimos, (ii) Hot region- Bushman & Pigmy,
(iii) Plateau region- Gonds & Masai, (iv) Mountain region- Gujjar & Naga, (v) Plain region- Bhils
& Santhal, their social and economic activities.

UNIT-IV
Distribution of population: World distribution pattern; physical, economic, and social factors
influencing spatial distribution; Concept of overpopulation, under population, and optimum
population. Zero population growth; Migration- internal and international.

UNIT-V
Population regions of India: dynamic, prospective, depressed; Problem of over population of
India and remedial measures. Population programmes and policy of India.

Suggested Readings:
• Bergwan Edward E: Human Geography: Culture, Connection and Landscape, Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, 1995.
• Carr,M: Patterns, Process and Change in Human Geography, MacMillan,London, 1987.
• Fellman, J L: Human Geography- Landscape of human activities, Brown & Benchman, USA,
1997.
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 • Blij HJ: Human Geography, Culture, Society, and space; John Willey, New York, 1996.
• S.d. Kaushik: Manav Bhoogol ke saral sidhant, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
• Dvivedi and Kannojia: Manav Bhoogol ke Sidhant, Kitab Mahal, Allahbad.
• Gujjar and Jat: Manav Bhoogol, Panchshee Prakashanl, Jaipur.

GEO4.5DCCT32: मानव भग
ू ोल

इकाई I

मानव भूगोल की प्रकृति और ववषयवस्िु; मानव भूगोल की शाखाएँ; मानव भूगोल के सिद्ाांि;
मानव भग
ू ोल के उपागम; मानव-पयाावरण िांब्
ां की अव्ारणाएँ- तनयतिवाद, िांभावनावाद और
नव-तनयतिवाद; दवैिवाद: भौतिक बनाम मानव भूगोल।

इकाई- II

मानव िमूह का ववभाजन: ववसभन्न प्रजािीय िमूहों का स्थातनक वविरण, भौतिक एवां िामाजजक
प्रारूप, नज
ृ ािीय िमूह, ववश्व और भारि में जनजािीय िमूह; मानव की प्रारां सभक आर्थाक
गतिववर््याँ- भोजन एकत्रीकरण, आखेट, मत्सस्यन एवां स्थानाांिररि कृवष।

इकाई- III

पयाावरण के प्रति मानव अनुकूलन: (i) ठां डे प्रदे श- एजस्कमो, (ii) गमा प्रदे श- बुशमैन और वपग्मी,
(iii) पठारी प्रदे श- गोंड और मिाई, (iv) पवािीय प्रदे श- गज्
ु जर और नागा, (v) मैदानी प्रदे श- भील
और िांथाल, इनकी िामाजजक और आर्थाक गतिववर््याँ।

इकाई- IV

जनिांख्या का वविरण: ववश्व वविरण प्रारूप; स्थातनक वविरण को प्रभाववि करने वाले भौतिक,
आर्थाक िथा िामाजजक कारक; जनार््क्य, जनाभाव और अनुकूलिम जनिांख्या की अव्ारणा।
शन्
ू य जनिांख्या वद
ृ र््; प्रवाि - आांिररक और अांिरााष्ट्रीय।

इकाई-V

भारि के जनिांख्या प्रदे श: गत्सयात्समक, ववकािोन्मख

ु िथा ववकािववमुख क्षेत्र; भारि में जनार््क्य
की िमस्या और उपचारात्समक उपाय। भारि के जनिांख्या कायाक्रम और नीतियाां।

GEO4.5DCCP32: PRACTICAL

CONTENTS:

1. Distribution Maps: Methods of Drawing Distribution maps, Qualitative Methods-

Choro-chromatic, Simple Shade method, Pictorial Method, Choro-schematic method,

9
 Naming Method; Quantitative Methods- Choropleth Method, Isopleth Method, Dot
Method, Diagrammatic Method, Cartogram
2. Plane Table Survey- radiation, intersection, resection: two- & three-point problems-
Llano’s method, Bassel’s method, Trial & error method, Mechanical method.
3. Spearman’s rank correlation and regression.

Suggested Readings:

• Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R.: Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London, 1994.
• Singh, R.L. and Singh, Rana P.B.: Elements of Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
• Sharma, J.P.: Prayogatmak Bhoogol ki Rooprekha (Hindi), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
• Mamoria C.B. & Jain S.M.: Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhawan, Agra.
• Singh, L.R.: Fundamentals of Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad.
• Mishra, R.N. and Sharma, P.K.: Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Pareek Publications,
Jaipur.
• Khullar, D.R.: Essentials of Practical Geography (Hindi & English).
• Singh, Gopal: Map Work and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House, Noida.
• Tiwari, R.C. and Tripathi, Sudhakar: Abhinav Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Pravalika Publication,
Prayagraj.

GEO4.5DCCP32: प्रायोगगक

पाठ्यक्रम:

1. वविरण मानर्चत्र: वविरण मानर्चत्र बनाने की ववर््याँ, गुणात्समक ववर््याँ- कोरो-

क्रोमैटटक, िामान्य छाया ववर््, र्चत्रीय ववर््, वणाप्रतिकी ववर््, नामाांकन ववर््; मात्रात्समक
ववर््याँ- वणामात्री ववर््, िममान रे खा ववर््, बबन्द ु ववर््, आरे खी ववर््, मानारे ख

2. िमपटल िवेक्षण- ववककरण, प्रतिच्छे दन ववर््याँ; जस्थति-तन्ाारण: दवव-बबांद ु और बत्र-

बबांद ु िमस्याएँ- लानो की ववर््, बैिेल की ववर््, जाँच और त्रुटट ववर््, याांबत्रक ववर््।

3. िहिांबां्: स्पीयरमैन का कोटट-अांिर ववर््; प्रतिगमन।

Syllabus (Semester – IV)

• Course Code: GEO4.5DCCT42
• Type of the course: Discipline Specific Core Course

• Title of the Course: Geography of Rajasthan

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• Level of the Course: NHEQF Level 4.5

• Credit of the Course: 4

• Delivery sub-type of the course: Theory -3, Tutorial -1

• Objectives of the course: The objective of the course is to provide a comprehensive

understanding of Rajasthan's physical and socio-economic geography. Students will
explore the state's geological structure, climate, soils, and natural vegetation, along with
its agricultural practices and economic development. The course covers energy
resources, mineral industries, and demographic patterns, including urban-rural
distribution and tribal communities. Additionally, students will study the unique
geographical regions of Rajasthan, gaining insights into their distinct features and
developmental challenges. This knowledge will enable students to analyze and interpret
the diverse geographical and developmental aspects of Rajasthan.
• Course Learning Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student shall be able
to:
➢ Understand Physiographic and Environmental Characteristics of
Rajasthan.
➢ Comprehend the Agricultural and Economic Practices of Rajasthan.
➢ Evaluate Energy and Mineral Resources.
➢ Analyse Demographic and Social Structures.
➢ Understand Regional Geographical Diversity of Rajasthan.

GEO4.5DCCT42: GEOGRAPHY OF RAJASTHAN

Unit I
Introduction: Formation and administrative setting of the state; Geological structure; Relief;
Physiographic regions; Drainage; Climate; Soils; Natural vegetation.
UNIT-II
Agricultural and economic aspects of the state: Food and commercial crops; Main irrigation
sources: types and their distribution; waste land and desert land development programmes;
Livestock and dairy development.
UNIT- III
Power and energy resources: Hydro based, Thermal, Atomic, Solar, Biogas; Mineral resources
and industries.
UNIT-IV
Demographic structure: growth, distribution, density, urban- rural, occupational structure,
literacy; Tribes of Rajasthn: Bhil and Grasia; Factors affecting the development of
transportation and trade in the state.
UNIT-V
Geographical regions of Rajasthan: Detailed study of Marusthali, Aravalli, Hadoti and Eastern
Plain.

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Suggested Readings:

• Mishra, V C: Geography Rajasthan, National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1967.

• Sharmas H.S. & M.L.: Geographical Facts of Rajasthan.
• Bhalla L R: Rajasthan ka Bhoogol, Kuldip Prakashan, Ajmer.
• Sharm & Sharma: Rajasthan ka Bhoogol, Pancheel Prakashan, Jaipur.
• Saxena, H M: Rajasthan ka Bhoogol, Rajsthn Hindi Granth Academy, Jaipur.
• Sharma Dinesh Chandra & Puspa Sharma: Rajasthan Aaj Tak.

GEO4.5DCCT42: राजस्थान का भूगोल

इकाई I

पररचय: राज्य का गठन और प्रशाितनक व्यवस्था; भग

ू सभाक िांरचना; ्रािल; भआ
ू कृतिक प्रदे श;
अपवाह प्रणाली; जलवाय;ु मद
ृ ा; प्राकृतिक वनस्पति।

इकाई-II

राज्य का कृवषगि एवां आर्थाक स्वरुप: खादयान्न और व्यापाररक फिलें; सिांचाई के प्रमख
ु स्रोि:
प्रकार और उनका वविरण; बांजर भसू म और मरू भूसम ववकाि कायाक्रम; पशु्न और डेयरी
ववकाि।

इकाई-III

शजक्ि व ऊजाा िांिा्न: जलशजक्ि आ्ाररि, िापीय, आणववक, िौर उजाा, बायोगैि उजाा; खतनज
िांिा्न और उदयोग।

इकाई-IV

जनिाांजख्यकीय िांरचना: जनिांख्या वद

ृ र््, वविरण, घनत्सव, नगरीय-ग्रामीण जनिांख्या,
व्याविातयक िांरचना, िाक्षरिा; राजस्थान की जनजातियाँ: भील और गरासिया; राज्य में पररवहन
और व्यापार के ववकाि को प्रभाववि करने वाले कारक।

इकाई-V

राजस्थान के भौगोसलक प्रदे श: मरुस्थली, अरावली, हाडौिी और पूवी मैदान का ववस्िि

ृ अध्ययन।

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 GEO4.5DCCP42: PRACTICAL

CONTENTS:

1. Representation of Statistical Data: Diagrams and Graphs; Diagrams -One Dimensional

Diagrams: Line, Bar- Simple, Multiple, Compound, Pyramid, Wind Rose Diagram; Two
Dimensional Diagrams: Unit Square, Square Block, Rectangular, Wheel, Ring; Three
Dimensional Diagrams- Spherical, Cube, Block Pile
2. Graphs: Simple Linear Graph, Polyline Graph, Climograph, Hythergraph
3. Geographical Field Excursion: Agricultural survey of a village. Each student
will have to submit a separate report.
Suggested Readings:

• Lawrence, G R P: Cartographic Methods, Methuen, London.

• Mishra R P: Fundamentals of Cartography, McMilan, New Delhi.
• Monkhouse, F J & Wilkinson, H R: Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London, 1994.
• Singh, R L: Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
• J.P. Sharma: Prayogatmak Bhoogol ki Rooprekha, Rastogi, Meerut.
• Mamoria C B & Jain S M: Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhavan Agra.
• S.M. Jain: Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhavan, Agra.

GEO4.5DCCP42: प्रायोगगक

पाठ्यक्रम:

1. िाांजख्यकीय आँकडों का तनरूपण: आरे ख और आलेख; आरे ख – एकववम आरे ख: रे खा, दण्ड
आरे ख- िरल, बहु दण्ड आरे ख, समर्िि, वपरासमड, पवनारे ख; दववववम आरे ख: इकाई वगा,
वगााकार ब्लॉक, आयिाकार, चक्र, वलय; बत्रववम आरे ख- गोलीय आरे ख, घनारे ख, ब्लॉक-पुांज
आरे ख

2. आलेख: िरल रे खीय आलेख, बहु-रे खखक आलेख, क्लाइमोग्राफ, हीदरग्राफ

3. भौगोललक क्षेत्र भ्रमण: एक गाांव का कृवष िवेक्षण, प्रत्सयेक ववदयाथी को पथ

ृ क-पथ
ृ क प्रतिवेदन
प्रस्िि
ु करना होगा।

13
 Syllabus (Semester – V)
• Course Code: GEO4.5DCCT52

• Type of the course: Discipline Specific Core Course

• Title of the Course: Regional Geography

• Level of the Course: NHEQF Level 4.5

• Credit of the Course: 4

• Delivery sub-type of the course: Theory -3, Tutorial -1

• Objectives of the course: The course on Regional Geography aims to provide students
with a comprehensive understanding of the concept and classification of regions, both
geographically and economically. It seeks to enhance students' knowledge of various
natural regions of the world, with a particular emphasis on monsoon, Mediterranean,
hot desert, and prairie regions. Through in-depth regional studies of countries like the
United States, China, Australia, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, the course
will enable students to analyze and compare these regions' physical landscapes, climatic
conditions, agricultural patterns, mineral wealth, energy resources, and industrial
sectors. Ultimately, the course aims to develop students' ability to critically evaluate
regional differences and similarities, fostering a deeper appreciation of the diverse
geographic and economic landscapes across the globe.
• Course Learning Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student shall be able
to:
➢ Understand Regional Concepts and Classification.
➢ Comprehend the Regional Study of United States.
➢ Evaluate China's Regional Characteristics.
➢ Analyse Comparative Study of Australia and Brazil.
➢ Explore Regional characteristics of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

GEO4.5DCCT52: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

Unit I
Concept of region, Classification of region - geographical and economic. Natural regions of the
world with special emphasis on monsoons, Mediterranean, hot desert, and prairie.

UNIT- II
Regional study of United States of America.

UNIT-III
Regional study of China.

14
 UNIT- IV
Regional study of Australia and Brazil.

UNIT-V
Regional study of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

Note: Regional study of the above countries under the following heads: Relief, drainage,
climate, soil, chief crops, main economic activities, major minerals, power resources and
industries like cotton textile, iron & steel, paper & pulps, and industrial regions.

Suggested Readings:

• Crassey, G B: Geography of China.

• James, P E: Latin America, Cassed & Co. London.
• Minshull Roger: Regional Geography.
• Shaw E W: Anglo-America- A Regional Geography, John Willey &Co. New York
• L.R. Bhalla: Pradeshik Bhoogol, Kuldeep Publications, Ajmer.
• Banwari Lal: Uttari America ka bhoogol.
• Alka Gautam: Vishv Ka Pradeshik Bhugol.
• Hari Mohan Saxena: Vishv Bhugol- Samany evm Pradeshik, Rastogi Publications.

GEO4.5DCCT52: प्रादे लिक भूगोल

इकाई I

प्रदे श की अव्ारणा; प्रदे शों का वगीकरण - भौगोसलक और आर्थाक; ववश्व के प्राकृतिक प्रदे श-
ववशेष अध्ययन: मानिन
ू , भम
ू ध्यिागरीय, उष्ट्ण मरुस्थल और प्रेयरी प्रदे श।

इकाई- II

प्रादे सशक अध्ययन: िांयक्

ु ि राज्य अमेररका

इकाई- III

प्रादे सशक अध्ययन: चीन

इकाई- IV

प्रादे सशक अध्ययन: ऑस्रे सलया और ब्राजील

इकाई- V

प्रादे सशक अध्ययन: बाांग्लादे श, नेपाल और िीलांका

15
 नोट: उपरोक्ि दे शों का तनम्नसलखखि शीषाकों के अांिगाि प्रादे सशक अध्ययन ककया जाये: भौतिक
स्वरुप, अपवाह प्रणाली, जलवायु, मद
ृ ा, मुख्य फिलें, मुख्य आर्थाक गतिववर््याँ, प्रमुख खतनज,
उजाा िांिा्न और उदयोग जैि-े िि
ू ी वस्त्र, लौह और इस्पाि, कागज और लग
ु दी उदयोग;
औदयोर्गक क्षेत्र।

GEO4.5DCCP52: PRACTICAL

CONTENTS:
1. Map Projection: Definition, Necessity, Classification, and Choice of Projections.
2. Construction, Properties, Limitations and Use of The Following Projections: 1. Cylindrical-
Simple and Equal Area. 2. Conical- One Standard Parallel, Two Standard Parallel, Bone’s and
Polyconic. 3. Zenithal- Orthographic, Stereographic, Gnomonic and Equidistant (Polar Cases).
4. Conventional- Mollweide’s Projection.
3. Prismatic Compass Survey- Required Instruments, Magnetic Bearing, Survey Methodology:
Closed and Open Traverse, Corrections of Bearings and Removal of Closing Error.

Suggested Readings:

• Monkhouse, FG & Wilkinson, HR: Maps and Diagrams, Metheun, London,1994.

• Steers JA: Map Projections, University of London Press,London.
• Singh, RL: Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
• Sharma JP: Prayogik Bhoogol, Rastogi, Meerut.
• S.M. Jain: Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhavan, Agra. Lawrence, G R P: Cartographic
Methods, Methuen, London.

GEO4.5DCCP52: प्रायोगगक

पाठ्यक्रम:

1. मानर्चत्र प्रक्षेप: पररभाषा, आवश्यकिा, वगीकरण और प्रक्षेपों का चयन।

2. तनम्नसलखखि प्रक्षेपों का तनमााण, गण
ु ्मा, िीमाएँ और उपयोग: 1. बेलनाकार- िामान्य
एवां िमक्षेत्र 2. शांक्वाकार- एक मानक अक्षाांश वाला, दो मानक अक्षाांशों वाला, बोन
और बहुशांकुक 3. खमध्य- लांबकोणीय, बत्रववम, नोमोतनक और िमदरू स्थ (ध्रुवीय) 4.
रूढ़- मोलवीड प्रक्षेप।
3. वप्रज्मीय कम्पाि िवेक्षण- आवश्यक उपकरण, चम्
ु बकीय टदकमान, िवेक्षण- कक्रयाववर््:
बांद एवां खुली मालारे खा, टदक्मानों का िांशो्न और िमापक त्रुटट को हटाना।

16
 Syllabus (Semester – VI)
• Course Code: GEO4.5DCCT62

• Type of the course: Discipline Specific Core Course

• Title of the Course: Geography of India

• Level of the Course: NHEQF Level 4.5

• Credit of the Course: 4

• Delivery sub-type of the course: Theory -3, Tutorial -1

• Objectives of the course: The objective of the "Geography of India" course is to provide
students with a comprehensive understanding of India's diverse physical and cultural
landscapes. This includes an exploration of its terrain, climate, vegetation, and natural
resources. The course aims to analyze the geographical factors that influence
agricultural practices, industrial development, and transportation networks.
Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the socio-economic implications of demographic
changes and urbanization. By integrating these aspects, the course prepares students to
critically assess the regional variations and developmental patterns that shape India's
geography and its broader role within South-East and South Asia.
• Course Learning Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student shall be able
to:
➢ Understand India's Geographical Context and Diversity.
➢ Analyse Climatic and Environmental Patterns.
➢ Explore Agricultural Practices and Production in India
➢ Examine Natural Resources and Industrial Development of India
➢ Assess Economic and Demographic Changes in India.

GEO4.5DCCT62: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

Unit I
India in the context of the South-east and South Asia; India- a land of diversity, unity within
diversities; Major terrain elements of India and their role in shaping physical landscape of
India; Drainage systems and its functional significance.

UNIT-II
Regional and seasonal variation of climate- The Monsoon, western disturbances,
northwesters, climatic regions of India; Soil types- their distribution and characteristics,
vegetation types and their distribution; Forests- the status of its use and need for
conservation.
UNIT-III
Agriculture; Irrigation and multipurpose projects; Geographical conditions, distribution and
production of wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, coffee, tea, fruits and vegetables etc.

17
 UNIT-IV
Resources: Minerals- iron ore, mica, manganese; Power- coal, petroleum, hydropower, atomic
power. Industries- iron & steel, textile, cement, chemical, fertilizer, paper & pulp.
Transportation- railways, roads, air, and water.

UNIT-V
Changing nature of Indian economy- agricultural growth during the plan period, green
revolution vis-à-vis traditional farming; Regionalization of Indian agriculture; Agricultural
regions and its relevance in agricultural development planning; Spatial distribution of
population and density, socio- economic implications of population explosion, urbanization.

Suggested Readings:

• Chattergy S B: Climatology of India, Calcutta University, Calcutta.

• Deshpande, C.D.: India- A Regional Interpretation, Northern Book Centre, New Delhi,
1992.
• Khullar, D.R.; India- A Comprehensive geography, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi.
• Gazetteers of India, Publication Division, New Delhi.
• Govt. of India: Five Years Plans of India.
• Indian Yearbook: Publication Division, New Delhi.
• Irrigation Atlas of India.
• Negi, Geography of India
• Singh R.L. (ed.): India- A Regional Geography, National Geog. Society, Varanasi,
1971.
• Wadia, D N: Geology of India, Mc Millan & Co. London, 1967.
• V.K. Tiwari: Bharat ka Vrahat Bhoogol, Himalya Publication
• Mamoria & Jain: Bharat ka Vrahat Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhavan, Agra.

GEO4.5DCCT62: भारत का भूगोल

इकाई I

दक्षक्षण-पूवा और दक्षक्षण एसशया के िांदभा में भारि; भारि- वववव्िाओां का दे श, वववव्िाओां में
एकिा; भारि के प्रमुख स्थलाकृतिक घटकों का भारि के भौतिक पररदृश्य के तनमााण भूसमका;
अपवाह प्रणाली और इिका कायाात्समक महत्सव।

इकाई-II

जलवायु की प्रादे सशक एवां मौिसमक वववव्िा- मानिन

ू , पजश्चमी ववक्षोभ, नॉरवेस्टर, भारि के
जलवायु प्रदे श; मद
ृ ा के प्रकार- उनका वविरण और ववशेषिाएँ, प्राकृतिक वनस्पति- प्रकार और
उनका वविरण; वन- इिके उपयोग की जस्थति और िांरक्षण की आवश्यकिा।

18
 इकाई-III

कृवष; सिांचाई और बहुउददे शीय पररयोजनाएँ; भौगोसलक दशाएँ, वविरण और उत्सपादन: गेहूँ, चावल,
गन्ना, कपाि, कॉफी, चाय, फल एवां िजब्जयाँ आटद।

इकाई-IV

िांिा्न: खतनज- लौह अयस्क, अभ्रक, मैंगनीज; उजाा- कोयला, पेरोसलयम, जल ववदयुि, आणववक
ऊजाा; उदयोग- लौह और इस्पाि, कपडा, िीमें ट, रिायन, उवारक, कागज एवां लुगदी उदयोग;
पररवहन- रे लवे, िडक, वायु और जल।

इकाई-V

भारिीय अथाव्यवस्था का बदलिा स्वरुप- पांचवषीय योजना अवर्् के दौरान कृवष का ववकाि,
हररि क्राांति बनाम पारां पररक खेिी; भारिीय कृवष का प्रादे शीकरण; कृवष प्रदे श और कृवष ववकाि
तनयोजन में इिकी प्रािांर्गकिा; जनिांख्या का स्थातनक वविरण और घनत्सव, जनिांख्या ववस्फोट
के िामाजजक-आर्थाक तनटहिाथा, नगरीयकरण।

GEO4.5DCCP62: PRACTICAL

CONTENTS:

1. Weather Maps, Recording of Weather Elements, Representation of Weather

Elements on the Map, Interpretation of Indian Daily Weather Maps (January and July
months).
2. Climatic Graphs: Climetograph, Ergograph
3. Elementary Remote Sensing and G.I.S., Global Positioning System
4. Geographical Field Excursion: One week's geographical survey outside the
headquarters, based on the environmental problem of a particular area (Based on the
survey, each student will have to submit a detailed report of 10-15 pages including
Photographs and diagrams separately.)

Suggested Readings:

• Singh, RL: Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

• Sharma JP: Prayogik Bhoogol, Rastogi, Meerut.
• S.M. Jain: Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhavan, Agra. Lawrence, G R P: Cartographic
Methods, Methuen, London.
• Pradeep Kumar Guha: Remote Sensing for the Beginner, East-West Press
• Prithvish Nag: Thematic Cartography and Remote Sensing, Concept Publishing Company.

19
 GEO4.5DCCP62: प्रायोगगक

पाठ्यक्रम:

1. मौिम मानर्चत्र, मौिम ित्सवों का मापन, मानर्चत्र पर मौिम ित्सवों का प्रदशान, भारिीय
दै तनक मौिम मानर्चत्रों की व्याख्या (जनवरी और जुलाई महीने)।

2. जलवायु आलेख: क्लाइमेटोग्राफ, एगोग्राफ

3. प्रारां सभक दरू िांवेदन एवां जी.आई.एि., ग्लोबल पोजजशतनांग सिस्टम

4. भौगोललक क्षेत्र भ्रमण: एक िप्िाह का मख्

ु यालय िे बाहर, ककिी क्षेत्र ववशेष की
पयाावरणीय िमस्या पर आ्ाररि भौगोसलक िवेक्षण (िवेक्षण के आ्ार पर 10-15
पष्ट्ृ ठों का र्चत्रों एवां आरे खों िटहि ववस्िि
ृ प्रतिवेदन प्रत्सयेक ववदयाथी को पथ
ृ क- पथ
ृ क
प्रस्िि
ु करना होगा।)

20