United International University
School of Science and Engineering
Final Examination Trimester: Fall-2023
Course Title: Probability and Statistics
Course Code: Math 2205/Stat 205 Marks: 40 Time: 2 Hours
Answer all the questions. Answer all parts of a question together.
Q1. (a) A fair coin and a four-sided die are launched at a time. If 𝐴 = {𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑒} [3]
and 𝐵 = {ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛}, determine whether they are conditional or independent?
(b) If 3 programmers independently trying to build an algorithm with the probability of [2]
success 0.55, 0.64, 0.48, respectively. What is the probability of the algorithm will be
built?
(c) The glucometer is a tool to rapidly test diabetes. Of the people appearing in the test, [3]
12% of them false-positive while 9% of them false-negative. If the people in Bangladesh
5% have diabetes, find the probability of a person suffering from diabetes, when he/she
tests negative in the test.
Q2. (a) Histogram of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is given in the figure below.
(a). Find the pmf of the probability distribution of 𝑋. [1]
(b). What is the mgf of 𝑋? [1]
(b) In a lottery, a person wins $1, $2 and $3 with probabilities 0.35, 0.15 and 0.05, and [2.5]
loses $1 with probability 0.45 for each $1 bet. Find 𝐸[1 − 3𝑋 2 ].
(c) Let a random experiment be the casting of a pair of fair five-sided dice and let 𝑋 equal [3]
the minimum of two outcomes. With reasonable assumptions, find pmf of 𝑋.
(d) Let engaging in research is independently distributed. A group of 10 students are [3]
selected at random with probability of engaging in research 0.4. Find the probability
that more than 2 students engaged in research. Also, evaluate the variance of the
corresponding distribution?
(e) If 𝑋 has a Poisson distribution such that 8𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2), evaluate 𝑃(𝑋 < 1). [2.5]
Also, find the standard deviation of the distribution.
Q3. (a) A random variable 𝑇 that is representing the time in hour for the duration daily traffic
jam in the Dhaka metropolitan is distributed 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑘(3𝑡 − 𝑡 2 ); 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 3.
(i) Find the value of the constant 𝑘. [1]
(ii) Find the standard deviation of the duration of the traffic jam. [2.5]
(iii)Find the probability that the duration of the traffic jam more than 1 hour. [1.5]
(iv) Find the mode time of duration of the traffic jam. [1]
𝑒 4𝑡 −1
; 𝑡 ≠ 0 is the mgf of the random variable 𝑋 satisfies uniform
(b) Let 𝑀(𝑡) = { 4𝑡 [2]
1 ;𝑡 = 0
distribution. Find the cdf and hence the median of the distribution.
(c) The average weight of the cement bags satisfied by a normal distribution with mean
50.5 Kg and standard deviation 1.25 Kg.
(i) Determine the probability that a randomly selected bag of cement will weigh: [2]
(ia) Less than 49 Kg. (ib) More than 51 Kg.
(ii) Determine, to two decimal places, exceeded by 60% of cement bags. [2]
Q4. (a) In a certain machine-learning conference, an author delivered a talk to 400 people and [3]
half of them responded at the end of the session. If 120 responses were positive. Find
an approximate 95% confidence interval for the fraction 𝑝 of the people who are being
encouraged by the speaker.
(b) Design a decision rule to test the hypothesis that a six-sided die is fair (based on [4]
appearing even/odd sides in the trials) if a sample of 60 trials of the die is taken to test
the die as fair with a significance of 0.01. Predict the acceptance and critical region.
Abbreviations
pmf for probability mass function
pdf for probability density function
cdf for cumulative distribution function
mgf for moment generating function
𝜎 𝜎
Confidence interval for mean 𝑋̅ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( 𝑛) ≤ 𝜇 ≤ 𝑋̅ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 ( 𝑛)
√ √
𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌
𝑌
Confidence interval for proportion 𝑛 − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 √𝑛(1−𝑛) ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 𝑌 + 𝑧𝛼 √𝑛(1−𝑛)
𝑛 𝑛 ⁄2 𝑛
Distribution pmf or pdf
𝟏
Uniform (discrete) 𝒇(𝒙) = ; 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, … . 𝒎
𝒎
𝑵𝟏 𝑪 𝑵𝟐 𝑪
𝒙 𝒏−𝒙
Hypergeometric 𝒇(𝒙) = ; 𝑵 = 𝑵𝟏 + 𝑵𝟐 , 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … … 𝒏
𝑵𝑪 𝒏
Geometric 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒒𝒙−𝟏 𝒑 ; 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, ….
Binomial 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒏𝑪𝒙 𝒑𝒙 𝒒𝒏−𝒙 ; 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, … . 𝒏
𝝀𝒙 𝒆−𝝀
Poisson 𝒇(𝒙) = ; 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, … ..
𝒙!
𝟏
Uniform (continuous) 𝒇(𝒙) = ; 𝒂≤𝒙≤𝒃
𝒃−𝒂
𝟏 −𝒙
Exponential 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆 𝜽; 𝟎≤𝒙<∞
𝜽
𝟏
Gamma 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝜶−𝟏 𝒆−𝒙/𝜽 ; 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 < ∞
𝜞(𝜶) 𝜽𝜶
𝟏 (𝒙−𝝁)𝟐
−
Normal 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆 𝟐𝝈𝟐 ; −∞ < 𝒙 < ∞
𝝈√𝟐𝝅
