Contents

What is this book about?  5

Number
Unit 1 Counting and sequences 6
1.1 Number sequences 6
1.2 Letters and objects as unknowns 8
Unit 2 Integers and powers 10
2.1 Addition and subtraction 10
2.2 Mental calculation strategies 12
2.3 Brackets and order of operations 14
2.4 Multiplication 16
2.5 Division 18
2.6 Factors and primes 20
2.7 Tests of divisibility 22
2.8 Square, triangular and cube numbers 24
Unit 3 Place value, ordering and rounding 26
3.1 Place value 26
3.2 Multiplying and dividing by 10, 100 and 1 000 28
3.3 Comparing, ordering and rounding numbers 30
Unit 4 Fractions, decimals, percentages, ratio and proportion 32
4.1 Fractions 32
4.2 Fractions as operators 34
4.3 Equivalent fractions 36
4.4 Fractions, decimals and percentages 38
4.5 Addition and subtraction of fractions 40
4.6 Multiplication and division of fractions 42
4.7 Percentages 44
4.8 Comparing and ordering fractions 46
4.9 Multiplication and division of decimals 48
4.10 Ratio and proportion 50
Test your understanding 1: Number52

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 Geometry and Measure
Unit 5 Time  54
5.1 Comparing times 54
5.2 Time intervals 56
Unit 6 Geometrical reasoning, shapes and measurements  58
6.1 Properties of polygons 58
6.2 Circles 61
6.3 Perimeter and area of shapes 64
6.4 3D shapes 67
6.5 Capacity and volume 70
6.6 Reflective and rotational symmetry 73
6.7 Angles, lines and shapes 76
Unit 7 Position and transformation  78
7.1 Read and plot coordinates 78
7.2 Transformation of shapes 81
Test your understanding 2: Geometry and Measure 85

Statistics and Probability

Unit 8 Statistics  88
8.1 Discrete data: bar charts and frequency tables 88
8.2 Discrete data: pie charts and waffle diagrams 91
8.3 Continuous data: line graphs and conversion charts 95
8.4 Mode, median, mean and range 99
Unit 9 Probability 102
9.1 The language of probability 102
9.2 Probability experiments 104
Test your understanding 3: Statistics and Probability107

Glossary 111

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 What is this book about?

This Study Guide is to help you revise and practice important skills and concepts you have learnt
in preparation for the Cambridge Primary Checkpoint Mathematics test. It will help you to recall
key information and ideas and build your understanding about the maths topics that you have
been learning during Stage 6.
The book is divided into three chapters: Number, Geometry and Measure, and Statistics and
Probability. At the end of each chapter there is a ‘Test your Understanding’ set of questions to
help you check your progress. Each chapter has a number of units which are broken down into
the key topics for each unit.
Practise
Do you remember? Maths words
These words relate to the area Each question will help you to
These are the most important pieces of of maths that you are revising. practise the mathematical skills and
information you need to know about It is important to understand methods you need to know. Most
a topic. It includes methods, facts and what they mean, so some of recording of answers is on the page,
explanations to help you, with examples the words are also included in with some problems and questions
(in white boxes) for you to work through. a glossary on pages 111–112. needing paper for the working out.

Unit 1: Counting and sequences Unit 1: Counting and sequences

1.2 Letters and objects as unknowns Practise

Maths words
Do you remember? 1 Write the answers for each of these, when:
represent
We can use symbols or letters to represent unknown quantities. unknown quantities w=6 x=8 y=4 z=7
This can be very helpful when we need to solve problems. a 6w  __________________________________ b w + z  __________________________________
c 2x + z  __________________________________ d 3y – w  __________________________________
The t-shirt costs $10.
What is the cost of a football? 2 A pen and ruler cost $10 in total. The pen costs $4 more than the ruler.
What is the price of each? Show this as an equation, with pen = p and ruler = r.
3× + $10 = $37 3× = $37 – $10 3 The letters c and d stand for two whole numbers.
These three footballs and a t-shirt cost
a total of $37. c × d = 24
3× = $27 = $9
3× + = $37 a Which two numbers could c and d represent?
c
Some unknown quantities can have lots of different values. d

5 tins of paint are put in two boxes, labelled A and B. b What if c × d = 24 and c – d = 5?
Look at your answers in the table above to find c and d.
How many tins of paint could be in each box?
We can represent this with letters: A + B = 5. c= d=
B
These are all the possibilities: c Try this. What is the value of c and d?
c × d = 30 and c – d = 7
A 0 1 2 3 4 5 A
c
B 5 4 3 2 1 0
d
If there are 3 more tins in Box A than in Box B, how many tins are in Box A?
c= d=

Try this Thinking mathematically

1 The formula for finding the area of a rectangle is Area = length × width.
1 What is the value of ? A 8 B 18 C 12 This can be written as A = l × w.

5+ = 13
2.5 cm Area = 20 cm2

2 What is the value of ? A 5 B 10 C 7

l= ?
3× – 4 = 17
Use this formula to find the missing length on this rectangle.
3 What is the value of N? A 25 B 2 C 6 l= cm
5N + 8 = 38 2 The formula for finding the perimeter of a rectangle is:
Perimeter = 2(length + width)
4 What is the value of y? A 12 B 18 C 20 This can be written as P = 2(l + w).
y
__ Use this formula to find the perimeter of this rectangle.
2
–6=3
P= cm

8 9

Try this Thinking mathematically

This has four multiple choice questions related For these more challenging activities, you will need to
to the ‘Do you remember?’ section. It is a quick use your reasoning and problem solving skills. They
warm-up and also checks you have understood often involve several steps to solve them and you may
the topic being covered. need to use extra paper to record your working.

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 Unit 1 Counting and sequences

1.1 Number sequences Maths words

sequence
Do you remember? pattern
A number sequence is a list of numbers that follow a pattern. term
Each number in the sequence is called a term. difference
You can often find the pattern or rule to work out the next negative numbers
term in a sequence by looking at the difference between the numbers.

These sequences include negative numbers. What is the next number in each of them?
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3 –4 –4 –4 –4 –4 –4

–4 –1 2 5 8 ? 13 9 5 1 –3 ?
The pattern is +3. The pattern is –4.
This sequence includes decimal fractions.
Try counting on and back to work out the missing number.
0.35 0.7 1.05 ? 1.75 2.1

Try this

1 What is the missing number in this sequence? –9 , –5 , –1 , , 7 , 11

A 4 B 3 C 5
2 What is the next number in this sequence? 19.6 , 19.1 , 18.6 , 18.1 , 17.6 ,
A 16.6 B 16.1 C 17.1
3 What is the missing number in this sequence? –27 , –16 , –5 , , 17 , 28
A 4 B 6 C 5
4 What is the next number in this sequence? ​​  34 ​​
__ , ​​  12 ​​
__ , ​​  14 ​​
__ , 0 ​​  14 ​​ ,
, – __
1 1 3
A ​​ __
2
​​ B – ​​ __
2
​​ C – ​​ __
4
​​

Practise

1 Write the pattern or rule for each sequence.

a –6 –1 4 9 14 The rule is ___________________ .

b 20 14 8 2 –4 The rule is ___________________ .

c 11 7 3 –1 –5 The rule is ___________________ .

d –52 –22 8 38 68 The rule is ___________________ .

e 1.2 0.7 0.2 –0.3 –0.8 The rule is ___________________ .

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 Unit 1: Counting and sequences

2 Write the missing numbers in each sequence.

a
–16 –4 20 44

b
–7 5 17
–1

c
2
1 ​​ __ 2
​​  23 ​​
__ 1
1 ​​ __
3
​​ 3
​​

d
–12 –1 43
32

e
0 60 75
30

3 Write the tenth term for each of these sequences.

a Position Term b Position Term c Position Term

1 2 1 5 1 9
2 4 2 10 2 18
3 6 3 15 3 27
4 8 4 20 4 36
10 10 10

Thinking mathematically

Sequence Rule Box

+8  –18  +2.5  –10.2  +140  –60  +0.6  –8.5

1 The two end numbers of each sequence are given.

Work out the rule for each and complete them.
a 8 11 Try a rule
from the box.
b 25 –65
c 105 54
2 Make up your own sequences using rules from the Sequence Rule Box.

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 Unit 1: Counting and sequences

1.2 Letters and objects as unknowns

Maths words
Do you remember? represent
We can use symbols or letters to represent unknown quantities. unknown quantities
This can be very helpful when we need to solve problems.

The t-shirt costs $10.

What is the cost of a football?

3× + $10 = $37 3× = $37 – $10

These three footballs and a t-shirt cost
a total of $37.
3× = $27 = $9
3× + = $37

Some unknown quantities can have lots of different values.

5 tins of paint are put in two boxes, labelled A and B.

How many tins of paint could be in each box?
We can represent this with letters: A + B = 5. B
These are all the possibilities:

A 0 1 2 3 4 5 A

B 5 4 3 2 1 0
If there are 3 more tins in Box A than in Box B, how many tins are in Box A?

Try this

1 What is the value of ? A 8 B 18 C 12

5+ = 13

2 What is the value of ? A 5 B 10 C 7

3× – 4 = 17

3 What is the value of N? A 25 B 2 C 6

5N + 8 = 38

4 What is the value of y? A 12 B 18 C 20

y
​​ __
2
​​– 6 = 3

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 Unit 1: Counting and sequences

Practise
1 Write the answers for each of these, when:
w=6 x=8 y=4 z=7
a 6w  __________________________________ b w + z  __________________________________
c 2x + z  __________________________________ d 3y – w  __________________________________
2 A pen and ruler cost $10 in total. The pen costs $4 more than the ruler.
What is the price of each? Show this as an equation, with pen = p and ruler = r.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 The letters c and d stand for two whole numbers.
c × d = 24
a Which two numbers could c and d represent?
c
d
b What if c × d = 24 and c – d = 5?
Look at your answers in the table above to find c and d.
c= d =
c Try this. What is the value of c and d?
c × d = 30 and c – d = 7
c
d

c= d=

Thinking mathematically

1 The formula for finding the area of a rectangle is Area = length × width.
This can be written as A = l × w.

2.5 cm Area = 20 cm2

l= ?

Use this formula to find the missing length on this rectangle: l = cm

2 The formula for finding the perimeter of a rectangle is:

Perimeter = 2(length + width)
This can be written as P = 2(l + w).
Use this formula to find the perimeter of this rectangle: P = cm

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 Unit 2 Integers and powers

2.1 Addition and subtraction

Do you remember?

When you add and subtract, estimate an approximate answer first.

To find an approximate answer choose to round to the nearest 10 or 1 to make the numbers
easy to calculate in your head.

What is 364.74 added to 107.49? What is 4.651 subtract 1.965?

An approximate answer is 360 + 110 = 470 An approximate answer is 5 – 2 = 3
3 6 14 . 174 34 . 156 145 11

+ 1 0 7 . 4 9 – 1 . 9 6 5
4 7 2 . 2 3 2 . 6 8 6

We can use a number line to help us calculate with negative numbers.

What is the difference between –4 and 5? Maths words

+4 +5 add
subtract
estimate
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
approximate
The difference between –4 and 5 is 9. –4 + 9 = 5 round
5 – 9 = –4 negative numbers
difference

Try this

1 What is 295.85 subtract 87.68? 2 What is the total of $321.49 and $653.18?
A 206.27 A $974.67
B 208.17 B $974.57
C 212.23 C $874.67
3 Two suitcases weigh 29.47 kg and 54.28 kg. 4 What is the sum of 491.83 and 158.78?
What is the difference in their weight? A 650.51
A 35.21 kg B 649.61
B 25.71 kg C 650.61
C 24.81 kg 54.28 kg

29.47 kg

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 Unit 2: Integers and powers

Practise
1 Read and answer these problems.
a What is the sum of 235.88 and 129.26? _____________________________________________
b What is the total of 1.717 and 4.355? _____________________________________________
c What is the difference between 56.18 and 26.35? _____________________________________________
3.2453.245
kg kg
d What is 700.63 subtract 291.44? _____________________________________________
11.8811.88
kg kg
2 Answer these questions.
A B C D

3.245 kg
2.9152.915
kg kg
11.88 kg 4.2034.203
kg kg
3.245 kg
11.88 kg

a What is the total weight of parcels C and D?

b What is the difference in weight between parcels A and C?
c How much
2.915 kg more does parcel D weigh than parcel A?
4.203 kg
d What
2.915iskg
the total weight of parcels A, B and D?
4.203 kg
3 The digits 1, 2 and 3 are missing from each of these. Write the completed calculations.

a 4 . 5 b 8 4 . 0
+ 5 0 . 9 – 9 . 5
9 4 . 0 7 6 4 . 7 8
4 This table shows the minimum temperature in a city during one week in January.
Mon 10th Tues 11th Wed 12th Thurs 13th Fri 14th Sat 15th Sun 16th
0 °C –3 °C –7 °C –4 °C 3 °C 5 °C 9 °C

a What is the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures this week? °C

b What is the increase in temperature from Thursday to Friday? °C

Thinking mathematically

Look at this grid of numbers.

5.093 9.839 7.283 3.281

9.719 1.307 9.473 8.161

6.527 5.717 2.907 4.693

Match the pairs of numbers that, when added, will give whole number totals.

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 Unit 2: Integers and powers

2.2 Mental calculation strategies

Do you remember?
Maths words
There are many ways to add or subtract numbers in your head. add
l Use any facts you know to help learn others. subtract
partition
8 + 6 = 14
You can use this to work out these and other facts:
18 + 16 = 34      80 + 60 = 140      1.8 + 1.6 = 3.4

l Partition (break up) numbers to make them easier to work with.

3.6 + 5.7 = __ 71 – 46 = (60 + 11) – (40 + 6)

l Hold the bigger number in your head (5.7) = (60 – 40) + (11 – 6)
l Add on the ones (5.7 + 3 = 8.7) = 20 + 5
l Add on the tenths (8.7 + 0.6 = 9.3) = 25
So, 3.6 + 5.7 = 9.3

l Count on from the smallest number to work out differences.

What is the difference between 170 and 320?

Count on from 170 to 200 and then to 320.
+30 +120

170 200 320

Try this

1 What is 48 add 35? A 73 B 83 C 93

2 What is 2.3 +1.9? A 3.2 B 4.2 C 4.4
3 What is the difference between 145 and 129? A 16 B 14 C 24
4 What is the missing number?   – 18 = 24 A 34 B 6 C 42

Practise

1 Use the first answer to help with the others.

a 7+6=

b 70 + 60 = c 700 + 600 = d 17 + 16 =

e 1 007 + 3 006 = f 2 070 + 4 060 = g 0.7 + 0.6 =

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 Unit 2: Integers and powers

2 Answer these questions.

a What is the sum of 64 and 87? _____________________________________________
b What is the difference between 83 and 58? _____________________________________________
c What is the total of 14, 15 and 16? _____________________________________________
d What is 74 subtract 36? _____________________________________________
3 Complete this addition square.

+ 9 13 30
Choose a mental method
5 35 for each calculation.

43 56

80 89

4 Look at the number machines. Complete each table.

a IN  +19  OUT
IN

IN 8 14 12 18

OUT 25 32 30 38
OUT

+19

b IN  +29  OUT
IN

IN 7 16 11 15

OUT 37 32 41 47
OUT

+29

Thinking mathematically

You need a set of digit cards 1–9.

1 5
Shuffle and take any four cards. 9
4 6
Make two 2-digit numbers.
l Find the total of the two numbers.

l Find the difference between the two numbers.

l Rearrange the four digits. 7

2 3
What is the largest total and smallest 8
difference you can make?

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 Unit 2: Integers and powers

2.3 Brackets and order of operations

Do you remember?
Maths words
Calculations should be carried out using the following order of operations. order
l Brackets: work out any brackets first operations
l Division brackets
l Multiplication

l Addition

l Subtraction

5 × (3 + 8) – 2 (6 × 2 – 8) + (12 ÷ 4 + 10)
= 5 × 11 – 2 = (12 – 8) + (3 + 10)
= 55 – 2 = 4 + 13
= 53 = 17

Try this

1 What is the missing number? 2 What is the missing number?

÷8+3=8 3× – 15 = 9
A 40 B 32 C 88 A 3 B 9 C 8

3 What is the missing number? 4 What is the missing number?

(19 – 7) + = 18 4 × (9 – ) = 24
A 1 B 6 C 8 A 12 B 6 C 3

Practise

1 Answer each of these number sentences. Remember to first calculate the numbers
within brackets.
a (13 – 5) × 2 = b 3 × (8 – 5) =

c (4 + 6) ÷ 2 = d (8 + 2) – (3 + 5) =

e (9 × 2) + (4 × 5) = f (15 – 9) + (13 – 7) =
2 Draw brackets to make each number sentence answer 12.
a 19 – 12 – 5 b 16 – 10 – 6
c 22 – 5 + 5 d 6 + 13 – 7
e 24 – 6 – 6 f 20 – 10 – 2

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 Unit 2: Integers and powers

3 Write the missing numbers.

a ( × 4) – 1 = 11 b 10 – ( ×3)=4

c (4 × 2) + ( × 3) = 17 d ( × 5) – (5 × 4) = 10

e 12 ÷ ( × 2) = 2 f ( × 5) ÷ 2 = 10
4 Put brackets in these calculations to make different answers.
Record the different answers you can make.
a 19 – 10 – 5 – 2 = b 25 – 4 + 9 × 2 =

c 15 + 11 – 9 – 6 = d 6×3+5–4=

Thinking mathematically

Work out the mystery number for each of these.

What’s my
number?

a When I double my number and then add 3, the answer is 17.
b When I divide my number by 3 and then add 5, the answer is 12.
c When I multiply my number by 5 and then subtract 6, the answer is 39.
d When I divide my number by 4 and then subtract 2, the answer is 3.

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 Unit 2: Integers and powers

2.4 Multiplication Maths words

multiply
Do you remember? multiples
To multiply with large numbers, you need to be able to multiply estimate
multiples of 10.

34 × 26 =
Look at these two methods:
Grid method: Vertical method:
× 30 4 3 4  leading to  3 4
× 2 6 × 2 6
20 600 80  680
6 0 0 (30 × 20) 6 8 0 (34 × 20)
6 180 24  + 204 8 0 (4 × 20) 2 0 4 (34 × 6)
1 8 0 (30 × 6) 8 8 4
884 2 4 (6 × 4)
8 8 4

It is important to estimate an answer before multiplying.

584 × 46 Compare your estimate

5 8 4
answer with the final answer.
Estimate: × 4 6
≈ 600 × 50 3 5 0 4 (584 × 6)
≈ 30 000 2 3 3 6 0 (584 × 40)
2 6 8 6 4

Try this

1 What is the missing number? 2 What is 1 500 multiplied by 6?

70 × = 2 100 A 9 000 B 6 500 C 8 000
A 3 B 30 C 300
3 What is the missing number? 4 What is 38 multiplied by 26?
× 42 = 1 680 A 648 B 988 C 1 048
A 44 B 45 C 40

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