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221 views98 pages

10th English - Drill Book

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G. GEOFFREY DAVIDSON A. GOPAL, M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil.,

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T. BACKIYARAJ, A. AROCKIA DOSS,
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1. PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION 89
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e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc sbs 2. b
cc POEM
sb s COMPREHENSION
b
cc sb s b
cc sb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc sb s 90 b
cc sb s b
ccsb s

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 3. After undergoingsextensive sea trials, she was commissioned to the Indian Naval Service.
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptips e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) distantcbcbs s s
cbb) s
cbsevere cbcb s s cc)s s
bcbplayful s
cbcb s d) csbes
cbwide-ranging cbcsbs cbcsbs
SET – II
ss ss ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bestdo eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs essential
c1.bcsbsIt has become cbcsto so,’ Aditya
cbcsbsreplied. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) involved b) invited c) important d) pleasure

s
besteiptsips 2.
s
b estIteiptis
sipsessential that
s
b esteiptsipmuch
s of his
s
b esteiptspare
sips time tiseiptspent
s
b es
sips in thete
s
b es
performing
iptsips arts!
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c a) objectc c b bc original c c
c b) b b
cc)c sudden c c b d) bc
c extra b
cc b
cc
3. ....... but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.
ss ps
eiptsistayed ss teiptsips tiptsips c)sbslowed
tiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesta) bcsbesteiptip
bb)
sbesrushed bsbese b ese b sbesteiptip d) bpulled
sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c cc cc cc c c c c c c c c
SET – III
ss s
eiptsipit was theetgaunt
s
eiptsip face teiptsipsfrom the ptsipsthat brought s to my theart.
tiptsipchill iptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip 1. etBut staring
csbes
tibed
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) strongcbcsbs cbb) fat
c cc) lean
c c
d) talkative
cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 2. Hiss log gray legs sstepped daintily , trying to find some means of reaching shis parents. s s
eteiptip e iptips
ta)
e e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips c)sbhardly
e teiptsips e teiptips d) delicately
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s strongly
cbcsb s b)
cbcsb s
slowly cbcsb s cbc s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. There were the steps of a man walking rapidly around the dining-table downstairs.

s
b esteiptsips a)ps
sestei t
ps
iquickly psips
sestei t
psips
b)eslowly
s stei t
psips c) unnoticed
sestei t
psips
sestei t
psips d) stealthily
sestei t
psips
sestei t s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb b
cc b b
cc b
SET – IV

ss 1. The s ssea does not sdiscriminate

s s between
s genders.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c a) acceptc c c b) refused c
c c cc) distinguish c
c c d)
c lessen
c c c c c
2. Peering intently at Aditya, Sasanka Sanyal Smiled and said, ‘I had recognised you.’
ss ps
eiptsilooking ss sps s s c) jumping ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip esta) esteiptip b)esmiling
steipti esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip d) running
esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. India’s disabled are deprived by attitudinal barriers.
a) accepted b) denied c) depended d) confused
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese– V eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cSET cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. ....... you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’

s
b esteiptsips s
b es
ps
eiptsiact
ta) s
b esteiptsips b)es
s
b teiptsips
say
s
b esteiptsips c)sbmould
esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips d) make
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
2. How ignorant you are! Watson!” he said with a groan.
a) happiness b) moan c) fever d) understanding
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss SET ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip–tipVI eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. Its advent caused my mother to throw a shoe through a window.
a) sight b) venture
ss sips sips sips sips c) arrival sips sips d) talkteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e tei pt tei pt
bcsbes you acquaintede tei pt tei
bcsbesail
pt e tei pt te
bcsbethe
i pt ses eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsHow wellcwere cbcsbs with cthe s cbcsbs you tookcup
boat before
s
task? cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) accepted b) rejected c) tried d) familiar

esteiptsips 3. etThe
ss
eiptipjeweller teiptip
eremarked
ss
that eitteip
was
ss
tip an antique
eteiptip
.
ss
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) new b) fresh c) broken d) ancient

ss SETip
–sipVII
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestet bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c1. Your refrigerator
c c for milk if itc is about to be
can order c exhausted.c c c c
a) drained b) controlled c) average d) denied
ss ss iptsips ptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste never sbesteihim beste me forget eteiptip esteiptipand how esteiptip he bwas.
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbs....... thatcbIcsshould cbcsee again,
cbcsmade cbcsbsall about chis
bcsbrules cbcsbcranky c csbs cbcsbs
a) happy b) sad c) irritable d) friendship
ss 3. tThen ss teiptsipsdejection sips the stipulated
teiptsips time shad sips ss psips ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip I satbcinsbesilent teiptuntil
csbeshappinesscbcsbes esteiptpassed. eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) unhappiness
c s cbb) bcbwords
cc) cbcsbs c bc
d) situation cbcsbs cbcsbs
SET – VIII
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b b
c1.c He turnedc hisc beak sideways b
c c and crowed c c amusedlyc. c
b b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) sadly b) slowly c) fast d) happily
ss ps
eiptsiregular ss teiptsips when sips trod upon. ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 2. sestAt
bc b bcsbesteiptip a board
intervals
bcsbescreaked, bcsbestiteiptwas bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) seen b) kept c) left d) walked

ss 3. Wespwere absolutely awestruckspas we were not expecting itspto see the entire sky lit up inspgreen light. sps
eteiptip e teipti s e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teipti s eteipti
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) movedcbcb s s s
cbb) s
cblaughing cbcb s s cc)s s
bcbcursed s
cbcb s s s
d)cbfascinated
cb cbcsbs cbcsbs
SET – IX
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs was amazed
c1.bcsbsSasankaSamyal cbcsbs . cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) controlled b) involved c) astonished d) casual

teiptsips 2. s
tTechnology is taipboon
s s special sips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes eiptsip bsbes etsip tobcitizens
sbesteiptsipwith
bsbesteiptneeds.
b sbes b s
b es b sbes b s
b es bsbes
cc c c a) curse c c c notorious c c
c b) cc)cfamous cc c
d)c blessing cc cc
3. ....... in the same grave and gentle tone which he had used to me,
ss ps
eiptsiserious ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesta) bcsbesteiptip
b)
bcsbesinternal bcsbesteiptip c)
bcsbesteiptip
external bcsbesteiptip d) bexcited
csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
SET – X
ss s
eiptsip bearing ps all hisemight
teiptsiwith teiptsips , he wrote pslarge asethe
tiptsias iptsip s tiptsipsLa France!” tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip 1. et....... eon bcsbese bcsbse
could —*se“Vive
bcbse bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) strengthcbcsbs csbs
cbb) kindness
c cc) cruelty
c c
d) weakness
c cbcsbs

ss 2. Then I sat in silent dejection until the stipulated time had passed.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip d) bwrong
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc a) knowncbc
b sb s s
cbb) s
c unknown cbc
b sb s bcsbspecified
cc) cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. His long gray legs stepped daintily, trying to find some means of reaching his parents.

s esteiptsips ps
eiptsistrongly
esta)
ss
esteiptip b)eslowlysps
steipti
s s c) hardly
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss ss
esteiptip d) delicately
esteiptip esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb b
cc s
b b
ccsb
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 3. Wes were given training to deal s with when thesweather gets s rough.
eteiptip e tiptips
e e teiptsips e tiptips
e e teiptips e teiptips ss
eteiptip d) blow
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s
cbcb a) tight cbcb s s
cbb) s
cbsoft s
cbcb s cc)s s
bcbloose cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
SET – II
ss ss ptsipsgentleman, ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei the eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbs‘Of course’
cbcsaid cbcsbschild of affluent
cbcsbs ‘The spoilt cbcsbs parents.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) rich b) well-known c) helping d) poor

teiptsips 2. tAnythings whichtipistsipbelow

s certain
teiptsipsthreshold tcan sbe self-ordered
teiptsips by thesbeappliance.
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es eiptsip b s
b es e b s
b es bsbes eiptsip b sbes b s b sbes b s
b es b s
b es
cc c c a) doubtful cc c sure
c b) cc cc)cstrong cc c
d)c weak cc cc
3. ------had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.
ss ps
eiptsiappeal ss teiptsips tiptsips c)sbreject
tiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesta) bcsbesteiptip
bb)
sbescontrol bsbese b ese b sbesteiptip d) baccept
sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c cc cc cc c c c c c c c c
SET – III
ss s
eiptsip ignorant tsipsare! sesteiptsips ss tiptsips ss tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip 1. etHow eteipyou eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) foolishcbcsbs cb
cbb) clear
cbcsbs cc) weak
cbcsbs c
d) knowledgeable
c cbcsbs

ss 2. Hesturned his beak sideways and crowed amusedly .

eteiptip e iptips
ta)
e e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips c)sbinterestingly
ss
eteiptip
ss ss
eteiptip d) bthinking
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s happily
cbcsb s b)
cbcsb s
uninterestingly
cbcsb s cbc s cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. I supposed at first that it was my father or my brother Roy, who had gone to Indianapolis but were

s
b esteiptsips s
bestexpected
eiptsip
s
sbesteiptsipats any time.
home
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c a) inexpected b
cc bc accepted c c
c b) b b
cc)cready b
cc bc
d)c unexpected b
cc b
cc
SET – IV
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc b
c1. They were
c c the steps of ca man walkingc rapidly around
bc bc bc bc c b
c the dining-tablec c b
downstairs.c c bc c bc
a) quickly b) slowly c) promptly d) swiftly
ss s
eiptsipwitnessed
s
eiptsipbrilliant teiptsips Lights tsips sea. sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 2. etWe etthe eSouthern eteipfrom eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) bright b) dull c) simple d) ruminant

ss 3. The sun was soothing .

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip d) brestful
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc a) comforting
b cbcsb s csbesagitated cbcsbes
cbb) bcsbcalming
cc) cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
SET – V
teiptsips iptsips
ete iptsips
te he beganete iptsips iptsips
sbeste by Tagore ete eteiptsips iptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
c1.bcsbsWith eyescbdilated
e csbes e e e
b
cc s
b s cbcsbsto recite cabcpoem cbcsbs– Panraksha.
cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
a) widened b) softened c) contracted d) shining
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s ss ss tsips , sesteiptsips tiptsips psips psips ss

eteiptip eiptsip whenbsschool
3. et....... eteiptipbegan,bcsthere eteipbustle
eteiptipwas a great bcbinstigation cbcsbese sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) calmness
c cbs c b)bscommotioncbcsbs cc) c bc
d) information c bc cbcsbs
SET – VI
ss iptsips ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsThen, I hurried
cbcsbs by as fast
cbcsbas I could cgo, cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) pushed b) leisurely c) pulled d) rush

s
besteiptsips 2. sbestIe tsips you swill
iphope
besteip
be
s
tsipable
b steiptsips himsbeto
to spersuade
e s tsips
teipcome. s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) follow b) request c) plead d) dissuade

ss 3. He screamed
eiptsip
s with s fright
s and pattempted
tei tsips
to rise s sagain. teiptsips ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesta) s
fearlessnessbesteiptip s
b)besflight sbesteiptip es
bcsbfindings sbesteiptip d) bfearful
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc cc) c bc c c c bc c bc
SET – VII
ss ss teiptsips a dried ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesfound eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsThere hechad cbcsbspiece of mackerel.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) fresh b) drained c) withered d) denied
ss ss
2. tInstantly theteptsips beganeagain,
teiptsips circled the ps ptsips like a man ss psips ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip e isteps csbssuddenly cbcsbes
teiptsidining-room esteitable eteiptiprunning, sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) immediately
cbcsbs cbb) bcsbslowly
cc) cbcsbs c bc
d) calmly cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. It was rare to watch that in those months.
teiptsips t ps
eiptsicommon
a) teiptsips b) teiptsips
uncommon teiptsips psips
estei t etei t psips d) informed
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
cc)
bcsbacceptable
es es es es es e e e
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs b
cc sb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
SET – VIII
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip eiptipdon’t have
1. etYou tipuse anysauxiliary
eteipto eteiptip means p
eiptirepulsion
etof e. teiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
a) refusal b) disgust c) dislike d) attraction

ss 2. The owner of thesptea shop wassp a little rustic sin appearance.sps

eteiptip e teiptsips e teipti s e teipti s e teiptips esteipti
ss
eteiptip d) brural
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) sophisticateds
cbcb s s
cbb) s
cbold s
cbcb s bcsbnew
cc) cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. David became a confident and competent communicator.
ss ps
eiptsiincapable ss teiptsips s s c) consultant
ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip esta) esteiptip b)es
capable esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip d) bfast
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
SET – IX

teiptsips eiptsip frustrating

sips have tbeen
1. tIteiptwould s s difficult.
teiptsipand teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes bsbes b s
b es b sbes b sbes b s
b es b sbes b s
b es bsbes
cc c c a) annoying cc c satisfying c c
c b) cc)cirritating cc c
d)c vexing cc cc
2. ....... he had never explained everything with so much patience.
ss ps
eiptsicalmness ss teiptsips tiptsips c)sbempower
tiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesta) bcsbesteiptip
bb)
sbesagitated bsbese b ese b sbesteiptip d) bbold
sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c cc cc cc c c c c c c c c
3. I saw a frail man with bald head sitting.
ss a)
iptsiweak
ps iptsips b) thin
iptsips ss c) strong ss s s d) neat ss ss ss
eteiptip t
bcsbese ete ete eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cSET –X
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 1. The whole familyshad walked about on the bigs plateau laughing at his cowardice .
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc a) fearfulness
b cbcsb s s
cbb) s
c weakness cbc
b sb s cc)s s
bcbravery cbc
b sb s csbes
d)cbtimidity cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. The light still shone palely down the stairs.
esteiptsips eta) ps
eiptsibrightly ss
eteiptip teiptsips
b)elightly ss
eteiptip
ss
c) heavily
eteiptip e teiptsips d) happily
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
3. We were absolutely awestruck to see the entire sky lit up in green light.
a) wholly b) completely
ss ss ss ss s s c) partly ss s s d) justice ss ss ss
s esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bc b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc *****b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

b sb
ss
esteiptip b PART
sbesteiptip -bcI
ss
s
b
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
3. PLURAL
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c Mark
c c :1 c c

ss teiptsipsIrregular psips nouns eare

plural sips that do
pnouns ps become
psinot psips by adding
plural psip-ss or -es, eas sips nouns tineiptsthe
pmost ips ss
eteiptip e sbestei t sbstei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbstei t sbes eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
English language do. c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
We are probably familiar with many of these already.
ss ss ss sps of ‘man’ ss s
eiptsip Thebplural sps of ‘woman’ ss sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip • Forbcsexample,
eteiptip thebplural
eteiptiform eteiptisip‘men’, bnot
etmans. eteiptiform eteiptip is ‘women’,
eteiptnot eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs
womans.
c csbs cbcsbs c csbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

sThere are hundreds of irregular

teiptsips tei ptsip ti
e ptsips tei ptsips plural tnouns,
i
e ptsips and in ttruth,
i
eptsips you must tei pt
memorize
sips them through
tei ptsips reading
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es and b s
b e
speaking.
s Thereb s
b e
are,s however, b s
b e
somes commonb s
b e
patterns
s to look
b s
b eout
s for. b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
Examples of irregular plural nouns
ss s s• Some tirregular
s s nounsteiptake
s s on the tplural
s s form byteifirst
s schangingteithe
s slast letterteiof
s the
s word beforess ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbes tip b sbeseiptip b sbes ptip b sbes ptip b sbes ptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c adding
c c “s.” Words
c that end in c“f” are a good cexample of thisc case. To make
c c c c c such a wordcplural, you
c c c c
change the “f” to “ve” and add an “s.”
ss teiptsipsIrregular sips nounsteipthat
pplural sips end in tves:
psips ss ss psips psips ss
eteiptip e sbestei t sbes t sbesei t eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc
• More than one elf = elves c bc cbcsbs • Morecbcsbthan c bc
one shelf = shelves c bc cbcsbs
• More than one calf = calves • More than one wolf = wolves
ss ss s knife =
teiptsipone sips ss ss ss eiptsip
s ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • More ethan eteiptknives eteiptip eteiptip• More eteiptipone loafbcs=
than etloaves eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs •
cbcsbs cbcsbs
More than one loaf = loaves
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs
sIrregular nouns
teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips made plural
tei ptsipsby changing
tei ptsipsvowels, changing
tei ptsips the word,
tei ptsipsor addingteiaptsdifferent
i ps
ending:
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes • More
bsbethan
s one man
b s
b e=
s men bsbes b s
b es • More
b sbe
than
s one tooth
b sbe
=s teeth b s
b es bsbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
• More than one person = people • More than one louse = lice
ss s• More than one mouse =s mice s•s More thansone
s cactus = scacti
esteiptip esti
e ptsip estei ptsips teiptips
es=
ss
esteiptip esteiptip• More
s
esteiptipone appendix p
esteipti=
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb • More
c bcsb than one c bcs
childb children
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsthan
b c bcsb c bcs
appendices
b c bcsb
• More than one foot = feet • More than one ox = oxen
ss s s• More than s one
s gooseti= sgeese
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Regular cbcsbsplurals: cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The general rule for making a noun plural is that if the word ends in s, x, z, ch or sh, add an “es”.
ss ss tsips ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • blesse=teipblesses eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip• dishbcs=besdishes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• box = boxes • buzz = buzzes
• catch = catches
s
b esteiptsips s
b es

teiptsipsAn exception
s
b esteiptsiptos this rule
s
b estis s
besteiptsipsis pronounced
eiptifsipthe ‘ch’bsending s
b esteiptsipswith a “k”
sbes ptsips
teisound you add
s
b es tsips
teip“s” rather s
bes
than
tsips
teip“es” sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
• stomach = stomachs
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss • baby = babies • candy = candies

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tiptsips
e e teiptsips sps
steipti of the psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb For call s s s
bcbother non-irregular
cbcb s s s
cbcb simply add
nouns, s s
cbcban “s” to cthe bcsbeend cbcword cbcsbs cbcsbs
• cat = cats • dog = dogs
ss teiptsipsIrregular tsips
tipPlurals tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip e bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c c
• Certain words do not follow the above rules for regular plurals. There are some common types of
c cbcsbs
irregular plurals that occur, and some words simply have no plural form at all.

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• While
s
b eitte
s
s
ipistsipuseful s
b steiptsips thesbcommon
to memorize
e esteiptsips irregular
s
bes tsips forse
teipplurals, many
b s
s
teiptsipwords weestsimply
s
b
s
eiptsip have s
b
to
es iptsips
know
te s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c understandcthat
and
b b
c it is an irregular
cc b b
c ca result of speaking
plural as cc b
c c English. c c
and hearing
b b
cc
Un-count Nouns
ss s
eiptsip Un-count iptsips alsosecalled
teiptsipscollective ptsips haveestno s
eiptsipplural form ptsips ptsipsassumedestto s
eiptsipbe ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest bcsbeste
nouns, bc b s bcsbesteinouns, bcsb bcsbesteibecause they
bcsbesteiare bcsb bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
plural. Most abstract nouns are un-count nouns.

ss s s• hair tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip t i pt i
e e • grass p ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• mud
• dress (when referring tos as style of dress, not when s referring to a clothing item that hangs in your
ss teiptsips closet) teiptsips teiptsips teiptips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e e e teiptip e e e e eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc sb s cbc sb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
• If we are talking about multiple varieties or types of these irregular plurals, we cannot make them

teiptsips tei ptsips plural tby ei ptsipadding

s an “s” or
tei ptsips “es” to tthe
ei ptsipsend. Instead,
teiptsipsyou need teitoptsipmake
s them plural
tei ptsips by adding
ti
e ptsipsa teiptsips
b s
bes e
bcsbs descriptive
e
bcsbs phrase. e
bcsbs e
bcsbs e
bcsbs e
bcsbs e
bcsbs e
bcsbs b s
b es
cc c c c c c c c c cc
For example:
ss s s• There tare s many
s different s sstyles of hair. ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c • There
c c are severalc varieties of grass.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
• There are three different kinds of mud.
ss
eteiptip ee tipti • The ancient
sp s tiptsips people had
ee tiptsipa sfew typestiof
ee ee ptsipstyles
s of dress. tiptsips
ee
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Unchanging Nouns
sCertain other nouns have thessame plural form
ss sip sips sip sips as singular sipsform. teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip tei pt tei pt tei pt tei pt tei pt eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs A large cbcsbnumber of animals
cbcsbs happen cbcto
sbesfollow thiscrule.
bcsbes For example:
e es e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• deer is “deer” whether singular or plural.

teiptsips tei ptsips• fish is t“fish”

ei ptsips whether tsingular
ei ptsips or plural. ptsips
teiplural. teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b se
bs • bison
b sbeis
s “bison” b sbe
whether
s singular
b sbe
ors b sbes b sbes b s
b es b s
b es bsbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
• moose is “moose” whether singular or plural.

ss sps• elk is “elk” spswhether singular sps or plural. sps sps sps ss ss ss
esteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbsOther Irregular
cbcsbs Plurals
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
For many words that end in “us,” change the “us” to an “i” (especially if it comes from a Latin word).
ss ss ptsips ptsipsrule andesitteipistsipbecoming
s iptsips acceptable psadd “es”ete
tiptsito iptsips of changing
tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Therebcare
sbesteiexceptions totithis
bcsbese
tmore
bcsbese bcsbese
instead
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
to “i.” c c bcsb c c c bcsbs c cbcsbs
• cactus = cacti
ss ss s
ptsipfungi tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • fungus ti=
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
• syllabus = syllabi
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
For nouns that end in “o” you add either “s” or “es”. (Generally, most nouns ending in “o” just add “s”
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsto makesbethe
s
ps
teiptsiplural, s
b steiptsipsif there’s
especially
e s
b es
sips
teiaptvowel before
s
b es tsipsfinal “o”)
teipthe s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
zoo = zoos
• • tomato = tomatoes

ss s s• studio = studios
s s ss ss s• potato = potatoes
s s s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s sThe best way s to

s learn and
s
ss
esteiptip s esteiptip read abcsgreat
esteiptipdeal, tobcspay tsiunderstand
ps
esteipattention s
irregular pluralspiss
teiptsips
eswords s
to
s practicetispeaking
estei tipthat you s esee
s
s the English
eptsipand hear s
sps language,
esteiptito s
sptos
esteiaptilist s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c b c b c bto
c b and
c phrases
bc b c bc b c bc and
b assemble
c bc b c bc b
of words with irregular plurals so you can begin to understand how to make each noun plural correctly.
ss eiptsip
s psips psips psips ss ss psips psips ss
eteiptip etCompound words:
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc
• woman doctor – women doctors c bc cbcsbs • man-eater
cbcsbs c bc
– man-eaters c bc cbcsbs
• son-in-law – sons-in-law • on-looker – on-lookers
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • cupful
eteiptip esteiptip
– cupfuls eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Some of the irregular nouns with plural forms:

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiaddendum
ptsips
s
b esteiptaddenda
sips / addendums
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b
aircraft
esteiptsips s
b esteiptaircraft
sips
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c alumnac c b b
cc
alumnae b
cc b
c c alumnus c c b b
alumni c c b
cc b
cc
analysis analyses antenna antennae / antennas
ss ptsips sips ss ss teiptsips sips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiantithesis
bcsbesteiptantitheses
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeapex
s bcsbesteiptapices csbesteiptip
/ bapexes bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
appendix appendices or appendixes axis axes
ss bacillus bacilli bacterium bacteria
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s s
cbcb basis cbcb bases cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
cbcbbeau s s
cbcb beaux /cbbeaus csbes cbcsbs cbcsbs
bison bison bureau bureaux / bureaus
ss ptsips sips / cactusteip/tsicactuses
s ss teiptsips sips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteicactus eteiptcacti e p eteiptip echâteau eteiptchâteaux eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
child children codex codices
concerto concerti / concertos corpus corpora
s esteiptsips sestei ptsips
s estei ptsips
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sestei ptsips
s estei ptsips
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b crisis b
cc b crises ccb b b
cc b b
cc b criterion b
cc b criteria /
ccbcriterions
b b
cc b b
cc b
curriculum curricula / curriculums datum data
ss ptsips sips ss ss teiptsips sips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteideer bcsbesteiptdeer bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbediagnosis
s bcsbesteiptdiagnoses
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c die
c c
dice / dies
c c dwarf c c
dwarves / dwarfs
c c
ellipsis ellipses erratum errata
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs faux pas
cbcsbs faux pas
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbfez cbcsbs fezzes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
fish fish / ‘fishes’ (when varieties of focus foci / focuses
ss ss fishes are meant)
eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs foot cbcsb s cbcsbs
feet / foot cbcsbs cbcsbformula cbcsbs formulae
cbcs/bformulas cbcsbs cbcsbs
fungus fungi / funguses genus genera

s
b esteiptsips s
b es ptsips
teigoose s
b es
sips
teiptgeese s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
graffito
s
b es
sips
teiptgraffiti s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
grouse grouse / grouses half halves

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss man men matrix matrices / matrixes

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc mediumcbc
b s
b s media /cbcsbes
mediums cbcsbs s es
cbc memorandum
b cbcsbes cbcsbs/ memorandums
memoranda cbcsbs cbcsbs
minutia minutiae moose moose

s
besteiptsips s
b es ptsips
teimouse s
b es
sips
teiptmice sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips
nebula
s
bes
sips
teiptnebulae s
b steiptsips
/ nebulas
e s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
nucleus nuclei / nucleuses oasis oases
offspring offspring opus opera / opuses
ss ptsips ptsips ss ss teiptsips ptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
eovum bcsbestei
ova bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbe
ox
s bcsbestei
oxen / oxbcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
parenthesis parentheses phenomenon phenomena
ss phylum
ss phyla
ss ss ss quizs s quizzes
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs radius cbcsbs radii / radiuses
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbreferendumcbcsbs referendacbcsb/ sreferendums
cbcsbs cbcsbs
salmon salmon / salmons scarf scarves / scarfs
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs self cbcsbs selves cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbseries cbcsbs series cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
sheep sheep shrimp shrimp / shrimps
species species stimulus stimuli
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c stratumc c b b
strata c c b
cc b
c c swine c c b b
swine c c b
cc b
cc
syllabus syllabi / syllabuses symposium symposia / symposiums
ss ptsips sips ss ss teiptsips sips teiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteisynopsis bcsbesteiptsynopsesbcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbetableau
s bcsbesteipttableaux b
/se
c
tableaus
b s bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
thesis theses thief thieves

ss tooth teeth trout trout ortrouts s s

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s s
cbcb tuna cbcb tuna / tunas cbcsbs cbcsbs s s s s
cbcbvertebra cbcb vertebrae cbcsb/ svertebras cbcsbs cbcsbs
vertex vertices / vertexes vita vitae
ss ptsips sips ss ss sps sips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteivortex eteiptvortices / vortexes
eteiptip eteiptip ewharf
steipti eteiptwharves / wharfs
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs wife cbcsbs wives cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbwolf cbcsbs wolvescbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
woman women
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Exercise with Answer
ss psips psips psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip Chooseti t ti t
bsbese the correct
bsbese plural of stei t given word.
the
bsbe
ti t
bsbese b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c cc cc cc cc c c c c c c c c c c
1. locus a) locuses b) loci c) locae
ss eiptsip
2. etfocus s ss ss ss ss s
tsipfoci ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip a) bfocuses
eteiptip eteiptipb) focae eteiptip eteipc) eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. medium a) mediums b) media c) mediae

ss 4. fungus a) fungi s s b) fungae s s c) funguss

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptip teiptsips eteiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
c5.bc criterioncbcsb s csbes
a)cbcriterions cbcsbes cbcsbs
b) criteriae
s
b es
cbc c) criteria cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. crisis a) crisae b) crises c) crise
s
b esteiptsips 7. s
b es eiptsip
tstratum s
s
b esteiptsips a) stratas
s
b esteiptsips s
b es
s
teiptsipb) stratii
sb esteiptsips s
b es
s
tsipstrata
teipc) s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
8. memorandum a) memorundum b) memoranda c) memorandums
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 13. deer
sips a) deer s b) deers c) deeres
eteiptip e teipt e teiptsips pips
sbestei t e teiptsips psips
sbestei t e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
bc erratumcbc
c14. sb s c bc
a) errates cbcsb s c bc
b) errata
s
b s
cbc c) erraticbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
15. aquarium a) aquariums b) aquari c) aquaria
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips se
b steiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Answers b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss 1. b s 2. c 3. b s s4. a 5. c s s6. b 7. c s s8. b 9. a s s10. c 11. bs s 12. c 13. sa s 14. b 15.sc s

esteiptip ee tiptips ee tiptip eetiptip eteiptip e teiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
Self - Evaluation
ss tiptsips ss sps psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the correcteteiptip bcsbesteipti sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChoose cbcsbs pluralcof c bc
the given word. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. axis a) axies b) axes c) axcies
ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsterminuscbcsbs a)cbtermini cbcsbs b) terminuses
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) terminuss
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. aquarium a) aquarias b) aquaria/aquariums c) aquaries
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c4.c sheep c c
b b a)c sheep
bc b
cc b) sheeps
b
cc c c c) sheepes
b b
cc b
cc b
cc
5. swine a) swine b) swinis c) swiness
ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss tsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 6.bcsbestdatum bcsbesteiptip a) bdatas
csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipb) data
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipc) datums
bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
7. spoonful a) spoonsful b) spoonsfuls c) spoonfuls
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip a) bspectacle
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c8.bcsbsspectacles
cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs b) spectacles
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) spectacless
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. scissors a) scissor b) scissors c) scissores
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesseries eteiptip a) bseriess
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c10. cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs b) series
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) serisses
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
11. cupful a) cupsfuls b) cupsful c) cupfuls

s
b esteiptsips 12.s
bes eiptsip
tinnings s
sbesteiptsips a) inningae
sbesteiptsips sbes
s
teiptsipb) s
be
inninges
steiptsips s
b es tsips
teipc) inningssbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
13. curriculum a) curricula b) curriculums c) curriculume
ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss s
tsipgeese ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 14.
bcsbestgoose bcsbesteiptip a) bgooses
csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipb) goose
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipc) bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
15. basis a) basiss b) bases c) basises
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip a) bradii
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c16.
bcsbesradius cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs b) radi
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) radies
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
17. formula a) formule b) formulae/formulas c) formulaes
ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss s
tsipbactories ss ss ss
eteiptip 18.etbacterium eteiptip a) bbacteria
eteiptip eteiptipb) bactorias
eteiptip eteipc) eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
19. syllabus a) syllabies b) syllabi/syllabuses c) syllabuss

s
b esteiptsips 20.s
b es eiptsip
tchild s
s
b esteiptsips a) childs
s
b esteiptsips s
b es
s
teiptsipb) children
s
b esteiptsips s
b es
s
tsipchildes
teipc) sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss ss Mark : 1s s
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip psips psips
etei t psips etei t etei t e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Prefix
s sA prefix istiapts
e group
ips of letters
tiptsip(or
ss s an affix)tipthat’s
tsips added to sthes beginning of
s sa word, and sa ssuffix is anteipaffix
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesofe a word.cbcsbese
csbes to thecend eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e tip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbadded
that’s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Prefixes modify the meaning of a word. They can make a word negative, show repetition, or indicate
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsopinion.sbeSome
steiptsipssuffixessbeadd
steiptsiptosor change
s
b es
s
teiptasipword’s s
b steiptsips Otherssbecan
meaning.
e s
s the word’s
teiptsipsignal s
b esteiptsips part ofsbespeech
steiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c verb tense. ccb b
cc cc b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
or indicate

ss s s PREFIX ss MEANING
ss ss ss EXAMPLES ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c ante-
c c before
c c c c antenatal,
c c anteroom,
c antedate c
c c c c c c
anti- against, opposing antibiotic, antidepressant, antidote
ss ss ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip circum- eteiptip around
eteiptip eteiptip circumstance,
eteiptip circumvent, eteiptip
eteipticircumnavigate eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
co- with co-worker, co-pilot, co-operation

ss sipsde- sips off, down, sipsaway fromteiptsipsdevalue, defrost,

sips derail, tdemotivate
eiptsip
s tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e tei pt
dis-cbcsbes
tei pt e teipt e e tei pt
csbes bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs of, notcbcsbs
opposite cbcsbsdisappear,cbdisintegrate,
disagree, cdisapprove cbcsbs cbcsbs
em-, en- cause to, put into embrace, encode, embed, enclose, engulf

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsepi- sbesteiptsips upon,
s
b estclose s
eiptsip to, after
sbesteiptsipsepicentre,
s
b es ptsips
teiepiscope, sb steiptsips
epidermis
e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc b
c c out of c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ex-c former, ex-president, ex-boyfriend, exterminate
extra- beyond, more than extracurricular, extraordinary, extra-terrestrial
ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss eiptsip
s ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip fore-bcsbesteiptip before
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip forecast,
bcsbesforehead, bcsbesteiptipforeword,
foresee, bcsbestforemost bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
homo- same homosexual, homonuclear, homoplastic
ss s shyper- teiptsips over, above psips s shyperactive, psiphyperventilate
s psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbes sbestei t eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c b
il-, im-, in-, ir- notc cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc
impossible, illegal, irresponsible, indefinite cbcsbs cbcsbs
im-, in- into insert, import, inside
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip infra- eteiptip beneath,
eteiptipbelow bcsbesteiptip infrastructure,
eteiptip infrared,
einfrasonic, eteiptip
infraspecific eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
inter-, intra- between interact, intermediate, intergalactic, intranet
macro- large macroeconomics, macromolecule
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc micro-
b
cc b
small
cc b
cc b
microscope,
cc b
microbiology,
cc b
microfilm,
c c microwavec c b b
cc
mid- middle midfielder, midway, midsummer
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip mis-bcsbesteiptip wrongly
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip misinterpret,
bcsbesteiptipmisfire,bcsmistake,
besteiptip misunderstand
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
mono- one, singular monotone, monobrow, monolithic
non- not, without nonsense, nonentity, nondescript
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te beste e te e te
cbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s omni-s
cbcb s cbcsevery
all, s
cbcb s s
omnibus,s s
cbcb omnivore,cbomnipotent cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
para- beside parachute, paramedic, paradox
ss ss ss tiptsips ss tiptsipspostpone, ptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip post-bcsbesteiptip after
bcsbese eteiptip post-mortem,
bcsbese
tipost-natal
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
pre- c
before cbcsbs c c
prefix, predetermine, pre-intermediate c cbcsbs cbcsbs
re- again return, rediscover, reiterate, reunite
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipssemi-sbesteiptsips halfsbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsipssemicircle,
s
b es tsips
teipsemi-final,sb steiptsips
semiconscious
e s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cbc cbc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
sub- under submerge, submarine, sub-category, subtitle
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss un- not unfinished, unfriendly, undone, unknown s s

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s uni-cbcsb s cbcsbs
one cbcsb s sb
unicycle, s sb s
cbc universal,cunilateral,
bc cbcsbs
unanimous cbcsbs cbcsbs

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptExercise
sips
s
b esteiwith
ptsips Answer
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Attach a prefix to the word in bold letters from the list to complete the sentence.
ss sps sps sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip eipti is a ___standard
1. etThis eteipti eteipti
hotel. esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
a) sub- b) un- c) mis- d) dis-

ss 2. Women should be ___powered nowadays. sps

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e tiptsips
e eteipti
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip d) bin-
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) sub- cbcb s s s
cbb)
cbems cbcsbs bcsbir-
cc) cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. My father has ___tension.
ss ps
eiptsiultra- ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip b)ehyper- eteiptip c) mis-
eteiptip eteiptip d) bsub-
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. ___form the sentence into passive voice.
a) sub- b) un- c) inter- d) trans-
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c5.c The cyclecshould
b bc be ___hauled.
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) sub- b) ex- c) in- d) over-
ss eiptsip
6. etNowadays s ___vision ss ptsips role inesteducation.
eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb s bcsbesteiptip plays
bcsbeasteimajor bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c a) ex- c c b) inter- c cc) multi- c d)c tele- c c
7. I do not have sufficient amount of money in the bank so I feel ___ secure.
ss eiptsip
s ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip t eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip d) bim-
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcb a) un- cbcsbs cbb)
csbesin- cc)
bcsbdis-
e
cbcsbs s s cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Answers
ss ss ss 1. ate ss ss teipdtsips 6. d sbest7.eiptbsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e iptip 2. b bcsb3.
etbeiptip 4. d bcsbe5. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c s c s cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
esteiptsips esteiptsips s s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s b
cc s
b
Attach a prefix to the word in bold letters from the list to complete the sentence.
s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s

ss 1. ___planned action leads to success.

esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptsips teiptsips
esim-
ss
esteiptip tiptsips
ese
ss
esteiptip d) bpre-
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb a) un- c bcsb c b)
bcsb c bcsb cc)
bcsbdis- c bcsb c csb c bcsb c bcsb
2. You should not worry about ___wanted things in your life.
ss a)ps ps
idis- psips b)eim- psips psips c) ir- psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbstei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip d) bun-
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. we consider God is ___potent.
a) un- b) en- c) mis- d) omni-
ss sips sips sips sips sips sips ss ss ss
eteiptip e teipt esti
e pt estei pt
csbes
ti
e pt tei pt
bcsbes___regular. e ti
e pt eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c4.bcsbsThe teacher
cbcsbwas cbcsbwith
unhappy cbbecause
Swetha she cwas cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) un- b) re- c) ir- d) mis-

s
b esteiptsips 5. sestRamu
b
s
sbesteiptsips by sthe
eiptsip wasb___judged bes tsips
teipmagistrates
b in
es ptsipstheft case.
teithe s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) re- b) de- c) un- d) mis-

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s iptsips
eiptsiparmy wasete
7. etThe ___forced eiptsip
s
to tsurrender. ss ss ss psips ss ss
eteiptip csbesdis- eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) en- cbcsbs cbb) cbcsbs bcsbmis-
cc) cbcsbs c bc
d) ir- cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. The manager gave a ___dated cheque.
ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbesre- eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip d) bde-
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) post- cbcsbs cbb) cbcsbs cc)
bcsbmis- cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. He is very ___responsible.
teiptsips a) sa-s ss b) af- ss teiptsips c) ir-tipts
ips teiptsips d) of- teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
es esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es ee e e e e
b
cc s
b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
10. Nothing is ___possible in this world.
a) re- b) dis- c) im- d) in-
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c cSuffix c c c c c c c c
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that is usually attached to the end of a word to form a new word,
ss ss ptsips the wayestiteiptfunctions
sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip as well as
eteialter eteiptip
grammatically. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Words with suffixes
• Depending son whether it sis a noun, verb, adjective or sadverb, a different suffix would
ss teiptsips For sexample,
teiptsip the verb tsip can be teiptsips to become teiptsips by adding
teiptsipthe nounsbereader sips be required. ss ss
eteiptip e e e teipread ealtered e e teiptthe suffix esteiptip
-er. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s cbcsb s cbcsb cbcsbs
• The same verb can also be turned into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able.

s
besteiptsips s
b estNoun
eiptsip
s Suffixes
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE
ss s s-acy teiptsips state orteiquality
ss ss democracy,
ss accuracy,
s s lunacy ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbes ptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c -al c c action or process
the c of c c denial, trial,ccriminal
remedial, c c
-ance, -ence state or quality of nuisance, ambience, tolerance
ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip -dombcsbesteiptip place eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbors state of cbeing cbcsbs freedom,
cbcsstardom, cbcsbs
boredom cbcsbs cbcsbs
-er, -or person or object that does a specified reader, creator, interpreter, inventor,
ss action ps collaborator, teacher
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s
-ism
c bcsb s c bcsb s
doctrine, belief c bcsb s c bcsb s c bc c bc
Judaism, scepticism, escapism c bc cbcsbs
-ist person or object that does a specified Geologist, protagonist, sexist, scientist,
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips action
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
bes
sips
teipttheorist, s
b esteiptsips
communist
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
-ity, -ty quality of extremity, validity, enormity

ss -ment condition s s enchantment, argument

esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptsips esteiptip esteiptsips esti
e ptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb -ness
c bcsb state
bcsb
c of being c bcsb c bcsb bcs
heaviness,b
c highness, sickness
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
-ship position held friendship, hardship, internship
ss ss ss ptsips ss sips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip -sion, eteiptip state
-tion eteibeing
of eteiptip eteiptposition, eteiptip cohesion
promotion, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Verb Suffixes
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip SUFFIX
eteiptip eteiptip MEANING
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip EXAMPLE
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
-ate become mediate, collaborate, create
-en become s s sharpen, strengthen, loosen s s
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptip s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips esteiptip esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b bc b
-ify,c -fy make
b b
c c or becomec c
b b b
cc b bc b
justify, csimplify, cbcsbsatisfy
magnify, b
cc s
b b
ccsb
-ise, -ize become publicise, synthesise, hypnotise
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss -esque ps in a manner of or resembling picturesque, burlesque, grotesque

eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
esteiptip psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s
-ful
c bcsb s c bcsb s
notable for c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb
handful, playful, hopeful, skilful c bc cbcsbs
-ic, -ical having the form or character of psychological, hypocritical, methodical,
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
bes
sips
teiptnonsensical,
s
bes iptsips
musical
te s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
-ious, -ous characterised by pious, jealous, religious, ridiculous

ss -ish having thesquality of squeamish, sheepish, childishs s

esteiptip i ptsips i ptsips i ptips ss
esteiptip i ptsips i ptsips pip ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsbeste
-ivec bcsbeste
having
c bcsbeste
the nature s
c of
bc b este
cbcsb inquisitive,
este
cbcsbinformative, sbestei t
cbcattentive c bcsb c bcsb
-less without meaningless, hopeless, homeless
ss ss ss ss ss sips beauty, sps jealousy ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip -y bcsbesteiptip characterised
eteiptip by bcsbesteiptip eteiptdainty, eteiptiairy, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Adverb Suffixes
ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip MEANING
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip EXAMPLE
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cSUFFIX cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
-ly related to or quality softly, slowly, happily, crazily, madly

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips-ward,sbe-wards
steiptsips direction
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b es
s
teiptsiptowards,
s
b esteiptsips
afterwards,
s
b steiptsips inward
backwards,
e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
-wise in relation to otherwise, likewise, clockwise

esteiptExercise esteiwith
ptsips Answer
ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Attach a suffix to the word in bold letters from the list given below to complete the sentence.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsThe sun has
cbcsbbright___.cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) ___ment b) ___less c) ___ness d) ___ous
ss s s s to myteiaccount.
eiptsipfund isbscredit___ ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 2. etThe eteiptip e ptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) ___ion b) ___able c) ___ment d) ___ty

3. The secret___ pshould be maintained.

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbestei tsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c c a) ___ionc c
b b c b)
bc ___ly b
cc cc)c___ment c c
b b d)c ___y
bc b
cc b
cc
4. The narrate___; of the story is quite thrilling.
ss ps
eiptsi___ion ss
teiptsips psips ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesta) sbesteiptip
b)
ses___ly sestei t esteiptip
c)s___ment s esteiptip d) b___ty
s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc c bc cbcb cbcb cbcb c bc b c c b c bc b c bc b
5. His shirt is colour___.
ss a)ps
i___ion
ps psips b) ___ly c) ___ful s s d) ___ty
eteiptip etei t etei t tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c6.bcsbsThe craftsman___
cbcsbs c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
of the doll is really wonderful.
a) ___ion b) ___ly c) ___ship d) ___ty
ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip aeshand___cof esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c7.bcsbsShe bought
cbcsb bcsbthing. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) ___ion b) ___ly c) ___ment d) ___ful

esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b Answers
b
cc sb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. d
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ptsipsword inestbold s
eiptsip letters teiptsipsthe list teiptsips below ps
teiptsicomplete s
teiptsipsentence. ss ss
eteiptip eteiptiap suffixbcsto
Attach eteithe efrom egiven eto ethe eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. The child has attach___ with her father.
ss a)ps
i___ion
ps psips b) ___ly
psips ss c) ___ment
psips d) ___ty
eteiptip etei t estei t etei t eteiptip etei t e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsThe thirstcbiscsbquench___.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) ___ly b) ___ity c) ___able d) ___ness
s
besteiptsips 3. s
b estIn ps
eiptsireal___,s e
he
b steiptsipascheat. sesteiptsips
is s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
a) ___ly b) ___ity c) ___ty d) ___ise
ss 4. The s smaster comes s sto the class spunctual___.
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c a) ___isec c b) ___ness c cc) ___ion c d)c ___ly c c
5. He can visual___ anything seen by him.
ss ps
eiptsi___ish ss teiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip
bb)
sbes___ise bsbese eteiptip
c) ___able eteiptip d) b___ity
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. The duck___ swam fast.
ss a)
iptsi___ly
ps iptsips b) ___ty
iptsips ss c) ___ness
ss s s d) ___lingss ss ss
eteiptip ete ete ete eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c7.bcsbsShe has been
cbcsbshospital___.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) ___ion b) ___ised c) ___ness d) ___y
s
besteiptsips 8. s
b es
s
steiptsips
eiptsipwaterbissbesalt___.
tThe s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) ___er b) ___al c) ___y d) __some
ss 9. tsips movedseby sipsact of kind___. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestIeipwas bc b steipthis
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c a) ___ness c c b) ___some c cc) ___al c d)c ___ful c c
10. We should follow health___ habits.
ss ps
teiptsi___ful tiptsips teiptsips tiptsips c)sb___y
tiptsips tiptsips d) __ teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesa) bcsbese bb)
csbes___ly bcsbese bc ese bcsbese bcsbesness eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c c c c c c c cbcsbs cbcsbs
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - I 5. ABBREVIATIONS &s ACRONYMS Mark : 1
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips s ss
eteiptip
s s
eteiptip
s
eteiptip
s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
Abbreviations

ss s sAn abbreviation is the short form of a phrase.s s Normally s its is made te ofsthe
s first letters s of
s each word sofs
s esteiptip s esteiptip the phrase
s tsips
esteipleaving s teiptsips
earticles
s s esteiptip s esteiptip s esiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b the
c bc b and
c bprepositions.
c b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
• B.A is formed from ‘Bachelor of Arts’
ss s s• B.B.C.teiis sformed
s fromps ‘British Broadcasting
tei tips tiptsips
Corporation’
ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e ptip csbesread as acword.bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Abbreviation
cbcsbs cannotcbbe cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
If we can read any abbreviation as a separate word, it is named as acronym.
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cAcronyms cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• AIDS is an acronym made from Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips As we
s
b estcan s
eiptsipread AIDS
s
b estas s
eiptsipa wordbitsbis
es ptsips
teiacronym. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss CD Compact Disk
eteiptip e teiptsips psips
sbestei t e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s
CPUc bc s
b s cbcsbs Unit cbcsbs
cbc Central Processing cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
B.E Bachelor of Engineering
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsB. Sc sbesteiptsips sbe teiptsips of Science
Bachelor
s s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
B.Com Bachelor of Commerce
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip M.B.A
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip of Business
Master
bcsbesteiptipAdministration
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
M.C.A Master of Computer Application

ss B.Ed Bachelor of Education

eteiptip e tiptsips
e psips
sbestei t e tiptsips
e ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s b
M.Phil
c c s s cbcsbs
cbcbMaster of Philosophy cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
I.A.S Indian Administrative Service
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip I.P.Sbcsbesteiptip esteiptip PolicebcsService
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbIndian c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
I.F.S Indian Foreign Service/Indian Forest Service

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsN.D.Asbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Defence
National
s
b es tsips
teipAcademy s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
TOEFL Test of English as Foreign Language

ss s sIELTS teiptsips International

ss English s sLanguageteip
Testing
s s System ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip es tip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
GATE bcsb bc
c Graduate Aptitude
c sb bcsb
c Engineering c
Test for bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
CAT Common Aptitude Test
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ISRObcsbesteiptip esteiptip SpacebcsResearch
eteiptip Organisation
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbIndian c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip WHObcsbesteiptip eteiptip HealthbcsOrganisation
World eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
NSS National Service Scheme
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
SSAc c b
c c Serva Siksha b
c cAbiyan b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
RMSA Rastra Madiabic SikshaAbiyan
ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip UNObcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Nations
United bcsbesOrganiation bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
NCC National Cadets Corps
ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip SMSbcsbesteiptip eteiptipMessage
Short eService eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
TNPSC Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission

ss AVADI Armed Vehicles andspAmmunition Depot of India sps

eteiptip e teiptsips psips
sbestei t e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips pi
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs
MLA
c bc s
b s sb
cbc Member ofcLegislative
bc s c bcsb
Assembly
s c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
MP Member of Parliament
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsLAN sbesteiptsips s
b e
Local
s
s
teiptsipArea s
b e
Network
steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
TANSI Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip VIP bcsbesteiptip esteiptipImportant
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbVery cbcsbsPerson cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PIN Postal Index Number
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip RRBbcsbesteiptip eteiptip Recruitment
Railway eteiptip Boardbcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
RAM Random Access Memory
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc BPO b
cc b
c c Business Processb
c c Outsourcing b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
CAA Citizenship Amendment Act
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c
Exercise with Answer
c c c c c c c c

ss s ss
eiptsip rightbexpansion sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 1. etThe eteiptip eteiptiis
of RRB eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Rails and Reservation Board b) Record and Revenue Board
c) Railway Recruitment Board d) Roadways and Railways Bureau
ss ss ss tsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteipRAM iscbcsbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsThe common
cbcsbs expansion
cbcsbof cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Read Only Memory b) Read Access Memory
c) sRapid
s Accurates Memory d) Random Access Memory
esteiptsips esteiptip es
s
teiptip esteiptsips esteiptsips iptsips
ete iptsips
ete e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b s
b
c3.c The common b s
b
c c expansion b s
b
c c of ISRO is b
ccsb cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) International Satellite Research Organisation b) Indian Space Research Organisation
ss ps Social
eiptsiIndian tsips ss ss ss s ss
eiptsip Organisation ss ss
esteiptip etc) eteipResearch Organisation
eteiptip eteiptip d) Indian
eteiptip SouthernetRailway eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
4. The common expansion of BPO is :
a) Bank Process Outsourcing b) Better Process Outsourcing
ss ps
eiptsiBusiness iptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss iptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip t
bsbesc) beste Outsourcing
bsProcess bsbese bsbese d) esteiptipProcessbsOutsourcing
bsbBoyle beste bsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. The common expansion of TANSI is
ss a) Tamil Nadu Science Institution b) Tamil Nadu Small p Scale Industries
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc c) Tamil Nadu s
b s cbcsbs
cbc Scheme Institution cbcsbs cd)sb s s
bcTamil NaducSavings
bc b s cbcsbs
Information cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. The common expansion of CAT is
s
b esteiptsips s
be s
ps
eiptsiCommon
ta) sb steiptsips Test
Aptitude
e s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b steiptsips Aptitude
b) Computer
e sbes
ps
teiptsiTest sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c c) Computer b
c c Accuracy Test b
cc b
cc b b
cd)cComputer Accessories
cc bc b
cc b
cc
Testc
7. The common expansion of ILO is
ss s s tsips and Order ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbese p
ta)
i pt International
i
bcsbesteipLaw bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
b) International
bcsbesteiptipOrganisation
Labour
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c) IndiancLegal Organisation c c cd) Interstate Lawful
c c
Ordinance c c

ss 8. The common expansion of SBI is

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss ss
esteiptipBranchbcInstructor
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb a) State Bank
s s cbcb of India
s s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cb)
bcsbState c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) State Business Institute d) Southern bank of India
ss 9. tThe ss s s of PIN sips ss ss psips ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip rightbcexpansion
eteiptip eteiptis eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) Population
c sbsIndex Number
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbPostal
cb) bc
Index Number
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Poor Identification Notice c) Physics Internal Note

s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
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cc cc b
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a) Personal Ambassador b) Private Affair
c) Personal Assistant d) Public Apartment
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s s Study ss
Materials s sour Email
to s sId: [email protected]
ss ss ss ss
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s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
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cc b
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DRILL BOOK 17
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c Answers
c c c c c
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. c
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
ss s
eiptsip common ptsips tsips is sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 1. etThe eteiexpansion eofteipCAD eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Computer Aided Disk b) Common Area for Drainage
c) Computer Aided Designing d) Computer Aided Drawing
esteiptsips eteiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips
es CD is bcsbes teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b c2.bcsbsThe common
cbcsbs expansion
cbcsbof c b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) Compact Device b) Common Device c) Complex Disk d) Compact Disk
ss 3. etThe s
eiptsip common ptsips tsips is sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sb s sbesteiexpansion sbeof
steipCPU s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc bc
a) Centrecof public Union c bc cbcb bc b bc b
cb) Central Processing
c Unit c bc b c bc b c bc b
c) Central Public Utility d) Central providence University
ss s
eiptsip common ptsips tsipsis ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 4. etThe eteiexpansion eofteipBE eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Bring Energy b) Bachelor of Engineering
c) Burst Energy d) Bachelor of Environment
ss ss ss tsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteipB.Sc iscbcsbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c5.bcsbsThe common
cbcsbs expansion
cbcsbof cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Bachelor of Science b) Beginner of Science
c) Buyer of Science equipment sps d) Bottom
spsScene
esteiptsips etiptsips
s e es etiptsips
es e tipti
esteiptsips eteipti
sps
eteipti e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b s
b b
c6.c The commons
b b
c c expansions
b b
c c of B.Comciscsb cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) Broken of Commerce b) Bachelor of Commerce
ss tc) ps of Commander
eiptsiBaton teiptsips teiptsips ss teiptsips Comedian
d) Battered teiptsips ss ss ss
esteiptip e e e esteiptip e e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
7. The common expansion of MBA is
a) Member of Bachelors’ Association b) Member of Business Administration
ss ps
eiptsiMaster ss ss ss ss psips psips ss ss
eteiptip e c)
t eteiptip Administration
of Business eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip of Business
d)sb
Master sbestei t Advancement
sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbc cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. The common expansion of MCA is
ss a) Master of Computer Application b) Member of Computer Association sps
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tipti ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs
es
cbc c) Moneycfor
s
b es
bc Corporation
s
b cbcAccount cbcsbs cd)
es
bcMethod of Company
sb cbcsbes Act cbcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. The common expansion of B. Ed is

s
b esteiptsips s
besta) ps
eiptsiBusiness sbesteiptsips
Editorial
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b steiptsips in Education
b) Beginner
e sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b b
c c c) BoundcEdition
c b
cc b
cc b b
cd)cBachelor ofcEducation
c b
cc b
cc b
cc
10. The common expansion of M. Phil is
ss ps
eiptsiMember teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esta) of esPhilanthropy esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip of Philanthropist
b) Manner eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
c) Master of Philosophy d) Member Philosopher

ss 11. The common expansion of IAS is

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip Admiral
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s
bcb s
cbcb a) IndiancAdministrative s
cService
s
bcb cbcsbs cb)
bcsbIndian cbcsbService cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Indian Agricultural Service d) Indian Ammunition service
ss 12. tThe ss ptsips tsips is sesteiptsips ss psips ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip common tiexpansion
bcsbeseSquad eofteipIPS esteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) IndiancPolice cbcsbs cbcb bcsbIndian
cb) bc
Police Service
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Indian Programme for Squash d) Identification of Pageantry Squad

s
b esteiptsips 13.s
b estThe s
eiptsip commons
b es ptsips
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es tsips is sesteiptsips
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b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
a) Indian Forest Service b) Indian Fuel Scheme
c) Indian Forest Squad d) Indian Formidable Squad
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss c) National Defence Academy s d) National

sips Development
sips of Agriculture
eteiptip tiptsips tiptsips tiptips tiptsips eteipt eteipt
sips
eteipt
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbese
c15. c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The common expansion of TOEFL is
a) Test of England as Foreign Land b) Testing often English as Foreign Language
ss ps of English
eiptsiTest ss eiptsip
s ss ss sps psips psips ss
eteiptip etc) eteiptipas Foreign
etLanguage eteiptip esteiptipof EatingseForeign
d)sTaste steipti Lollipop
sestei t sestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
16. The common expansion of GATE is
a) Games and Athletics Team of Europe b) Graduate AptitudepTest for Engineering
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips se
b stei tsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c c c) GlobalcApplication
b bc of cTesting
bc Energyc c
b cd)cGlobal Association
b b
cc for Testing
c c Energy c c
b b b
cc
17. The common expansion of UPS is
ss ps Public
eiptsiUnion tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esta) esteipService esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
b) Uninterrupted eteiptip Supplybcsbesteiptip
Power esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c c bcsb c bcsb
c) University Public Service d) Unknown Power Supply

ss 18. The s scommonteiexpansion

ptsips of UGC
s s is ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbes Commissioneteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) Union cGrants cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbUniversity
cb) cbcsbs Call
Grants cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Uninterrupted Grants Commission d) University Grants Commission
ss s
eiptsip common ptsips tsips is sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 19.etThe eteiexpansion eofteipNASA eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) National Association of Space Administration b) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
c) Names of absentees of School Academics d) Natural Affectation on Sports Accounts
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c20.
bc The common c c expansion
b c c of UNO isc c
b b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) Union of Nature Organisation b) University of Natural Organisms
ss
esteiptip ee tc)
iptsiUnited
ps Nations
tiptsipOrgans
ee
s tiptsips
ee
ss
esteiptip
d) United
tiptsipsNations Organisation
ee tiptsips
ee tiptsips
ee
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
21. The common expansion of NCC is
a) National Cadets Corps b) Natural Common Community
ss ss iptsips of sComputers
ss ss ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t beste eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip Cooking
bcsbeseCorporation
bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsc) National
cbcsCorporation cbcbs cbcsbs cd)
bcsbNational c c cbcsbs cbcsbs
22. The common expansion of SMS is
ss s
a) sSimple Message s sService teiptsips ss b) Simple s sand Minimum psipsService esteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsc) Short Message
cbcsbs Service.
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbShort
cd) c bc
Membership Service. cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
23. The common expansion of TNPSC is
teiptsips ps
eiptsiTamilnadu
ta) teiptsipsServicesbeCommission
teiptsips teiptsips ipsips
estet etet ipsips t t ipsips
etet ipsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes b
ccsbePublic
s b
cc s b
ccsbes cb)
bcsbTamilnadu Public bcsbese
cbcsbs Schools cCommission cbcsbs b
ccsbes
c) Tamilnadu Publishing Service Control d) Tamilnadu Publishing Service Commission
ss 24. The ss s ptsips is esteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipcommon bcsbestexpansion
eiptsip bcs
ofte
besiIELTS bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c
a) International Energy cLimiting Treatyc Scheme c c c c c
b) Indian English Language Testing System
ss ps
eiptsiInternational tsips eiptsip
s sips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etc) eteipEmpowering csbes
tLanguage Team tiptSystem
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsd) International
cbcsbs EnglishcbLanguage c
Testing System c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 25. The common expansion of AVADI is

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips tsips
esteipIndia
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc a) ArmedcVehicles
bcsb s s
and Ammunition
cbcsb Depot
cbcsbof cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Development of India
c) Armed Vehicles Always Depending on India
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c c d) Agreeable
b c c Vapour And
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b bc India b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

teiptsips sipsput up s
teiptsip teiptsips
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sp teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
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cbcsbs
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cc s
b es esteipti
cbcsbfor b
cc s
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cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es

Phrasal verb Meaning Phrasal verb Meaning

ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e abidebcsbe
bysti
e accept
bcsbest
or
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decision
c b or bcsbest
fallei
behind bcsbestei
make less bcs esteiptip
progress
b bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
rule

ss s saccountteifor
psips to explain psips ss fallpfor
ss beps iattracted
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cbcsbs cbcsbs bc
act upon
c c bc
affect cbcsbs cbcsbfigure outc bc understand c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
agree with suit one’s health fool around not being serious
ss ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip backbcaway
eteiptip retreat
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiacross eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbsor go backwards
cbcsbs cbcsbget cbcsbscommunicate
cbcsbssuccessfully
cbcsbs cbcsbs
back up make a copy of computer data get ahead progress
support
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bailc out
bc save,
c c rescue c c
b b c c get alongc c have a good
b b c c relationshipc c
b b b
cc
bang on talk at great length get at find out, criticise
ss ss ss tsips on sesteiptsips sps teiptsips ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip bankbcson
besteiptip count sb teiprely
eor
s s esteiptiaway
get s esescape s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc c c bc cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
bear up resist pressure get back return
ss s sbear with psips be patient psips psips get sins arrive,
s s enter a tvehicle
ss psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t esteiptip eteiptip e eiptip sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
black out c bc c bc
fall unconscious lose sight cbcsbget off cbcsbsescape punishment,
cbcsbs c bc
leave a cbcsbs
vehicle
ss ss ss ss ss sps teiptsips doing ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip blowbcsout
eteiptip extinguish
eteiptipcandles,bcsb
matches
eteiptip get
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cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
blow up explode get over solve, find a solution
book into s s make a reservation in advance get s through succeed, contact s s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptip sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptip s
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b
cc b
cc b
bottle
c c up notb
c express
c b
yourcfeelings
c b b b
c c give awayc c distributecsomething
c freeb
cc b
cc
bounce back recover give in surrender, accept defeat
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

Break down End negotiations unsuccessfully give way collapse, break

ss ss ss ss iptsips tsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip break eteiptip enter eteiptip esteipabout
beste inter- cbcsbgo eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbins cbcsbasbuilding by
cbcsforce cbcsbscirculate cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
rupt something or somebody

ss ss break off s s break a piece from something go ahead continue

eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips
teiptip end asberelationship tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bsb
cc
es b s
cc bsbese
cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
break out start suddenly go for select, choose

sesteiptsips s esteiptsipsbreaksbesteiptsips pass sabesbarrier

teiptsips or obstacle
s esteiptsips s
go
esteipinto
tsips se
discuss
steiptsips in detail
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b through
b
cc b
cc b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Beak up break into many pieces finish go on continue
ss ss s s relationship ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipbcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c
brighten c
up become happier c c c read again,
go through c examine c c
bring about make something happen hand out distribute
ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bringbcsdown
eteiptip make eteiptip csbes esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbssomethingcbcheaper cbcsbhang cbcsbsstay in a place
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
around

ss bring out s s release, publish harps on talks repeatedly about somethings s

eteiptip e teiptsips iptip
beste
ss
esteiptip psips
sestei t e teiptips e teiptips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsout
bring cbcsb
elicit a response cbcb
s
b s s
b s
cbc knocked cbc demolish cbc s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs
down

esteiptsips esteiptsipsbring sup

esteiptsips mention,
es
sips a child teiptsips
teiptraise e lives
e teiptsipfor
s
e teiptsips something
believe
e teiptsipiss very import-
e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s s
b s
c c ant
b b
cc s
b s ccb s
b s b
cc s
b s
build up increase look after take care of
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip burnbcout
sbesteiptip losebcsenergy
besteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipinto bcsbesinvestigate
look
bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
call for demand, require telephone for make for produce a result or situation
something
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip call offeteiptip canceleteiptip eteiptip esteiptip out bcsbesunderstand eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbmake c cbcsinbsdetail cbcsbs cbcsbs
call on visit make up invent a story, put on cosmetics
ss ss ss ss ss sps teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip call upon
eteiptip askbcsomeone
eteiptip to dobcssomething
eteiptip mix
eteiptiup econfuse eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
care for like opt for choose
carry on s s continue s s partswith give something sway
esteiptsips esteiptsips iptip
beste eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsout
carry cbcsbs
perform b
ccsb s b s
b s b s
b
c c pass awayc c dies b
cc sb s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
catch up reach someone who is ahead of pass by miss opportunity
ss ss s s you teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c in
check c a hotel to stay
enter c c patch up c c things betterc
fix or make c
(into)
ss ss ss sips ss sps teiptsips away sfrom sps ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip check eteiptip leave
out teipthotel
the
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pull emove eteiptisomeone eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
chill out relax pull down demolish
ss chip in ps contribute some money,ps to some pull through recover from illness or problemps
eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tips discussion
e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips etei tip
s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
come across find someone accidentally put off postpone

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipscomesalong
e
b steiptsips accompany
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
put
es
ps
teiptsiup s
b esteiptsipsa building
erect
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
come become conscious put up with tolerate
around
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s s Study ss
Materials s sour Email
to s sId: [email protected]
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips www.Padasalai.Net
s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.CBSEtips.in s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
DRILL BOOK 21
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c on
count c
depend on c c roll back c reduce, remove,c retreatc c
cut back reduce rule out exclude a possibility
ss ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip cut in eteiptip interrupt
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiinto eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbrun cbcsbsmeet by accident
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
die for want something a lot run out of have none left out
ss ss tiptsips repairsbeand s tiptsips sps tiptsipswith something
tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip do upbcsbese bc se
tiptsiprenovate
bcsbese
see
esteiptito deal
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
draw up
c
stop a vehicle
c cbcsbstand by
c c
support someone
cbcsbs cbcsbs
drop in pay a short visit stand for represent
sesteiptsips s estei ptsips
s estei ptsips
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sestei ptsips
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b drop
c cout
b b quit
c ca course, withdraw
b b b
cc b c c standing for
b b c c substitutecsomeone
b b bc b temporarily
b
cc b b
cc b
dry up stop being supplied with some- take after similar appearance
ss ss s s thing, unable s s to speakteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
fallcabout bcsb
c a lot
laugh cbcsbs bcsb bcsb
c turn downc refuse c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
fall back retreat wait on serve someone
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Exercise with Answer
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cComplete bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below.
c c c c c c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
1. I will __________ the dictionary for the meaning of this word.
s
besteiptsips s
b esta) ps upon eteiptsips
eiptsilook s
b s b)s
b elook
s
s
teiptsipup b
iptsips c)slook
to seste
bes
ps
teiptsiup s
b esteiptsips d) look
sbes ptsips
teiat s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
2. I cannot __________ your laziness.
ss a) sput
s off ss b) putsforward
s c) put out d) put upswith
esteiptip esti
e ptip esti
e ptip esti
e ptip estei ptsips estei ptsips estei ptsips esteiptip
s ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb bcsb bcsb
c3. Studentsc should know bcsb bc
c how to __________
c sb bcsb
c their classmates.c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
with
a) get on b) get up c) get back d) get into
ss s
eiptsipshould ss s
teiptsippoor tsips are sinesttrouble.
eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 4. etWe eteiptip
__________ ethe wheneteipthey eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) stand in b) stand by c) stand for d) stand up

ss 5. Everybody should __________ the bad habit of smoking.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips sps
esteiptiaway
ss
eteiptip d) bgive
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc a) give upcbc
b sb s s
cbb) s
c give in cbc
b s
b s bcsbgive
cc) cbcsbs c csbs out cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. The match was __________ due to heavy rain.
esteiptsips e ps up
eiptsiput
ta) teiptsips
e teiptsip
b) put ups with tiptsips c) puttipon
e e e etsip
s
e e teiptsips d) pute eiptsip
toff s
e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
7. The boxer __________ to the technique of his opponent.
a) gave on b) gave back c) gave in d) gave up
ss eiptsip
s tsips sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 8.bcsbestThe bcs
advocatebesteip__________
bcsbesteiptthe casebcsbesteiptip
cleverly. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) dealt in b) dealt with c) dealt out d) dealt on
ss s s s is sick
eiptsipold grandmother
9. etMy ps I hopeteishe
teiptsibut ptsipswill __________ ss psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbespull up cbcsbes esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) pull through
cbcsbs cbb) bcsbpull
cc) off c bc c bc
d) pull in cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. The plane __________ as schedule.
ss ps
teiptsitook tiptsips s
teiptsipapart tiptsips sps ss tsips ss ss
eteiptip bsbesa) away
bsbese bb)
sbestook bsbese eteiptiin
c) took eteiptip d) btook
eteipoff eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Answers
teiptsips teiptsips 1. iptsips2. d ses3.
cte teipatsips 4. b sbesteip5.
tsipas 6.
ss
tiptip tbeiptsips 9. a sbes10.
teiptsidps teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc b ccb bsdbese 7. c
cc b
cc
8.
s
b es b
cc b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss ss s
eiptsip appropriate ss ptsips givenebelow.
teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip thebfollowing
Complete eteiptip sentence
eteiptipwith theetmost eteiptip phrasal
eteiverb eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. We should __________ our reason.
ss a) saccount
s for tipts s b) account
s s in ss c) account
s s of s s d) account s sup ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e e ip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Potato does not _______ my health.
a) sagree in b) grees up c) agrees with sips d) agree siof
esteiptsips estei pt i ps esteiptsips eteiptips ete e teiptsips iptips e ti
e pt e teipt ps e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc
3.
s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbsparty.
The alliance party ____________ from the ruling
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

a) backed in b) backed out c) backed with d) backed at

ss s
eiptsip medicine tsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 4.bcsbestThe bcsbesteipdid not bcsbesteiptip
_________ the
bcsbessick man. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) act in b) act at c) act out d) act upon
ss s
eiptsip terrorists tsips ptsipsbridge.esteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 5. etThe eteip_________ eteithe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) blew out b) blew up c) blew with d) blew at

ss 6. tWe s have
s to _________
ss theteiptsirules
ps of the
teiptschool.
sips ss psips psips ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip csbesabide on cbcsbes esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) abide by
cbcsbs cbb) cc)bcsbabide with c bc c bc
d) abide in cbcsbs cbcsbs

7. The sipsgovernment sipshad to __________ thesair

e teiptsips e tei pt e ti
e pt e tei ptsips
e tei pt i ps line because
e teiptsips it wasteilosing
e ptsips so much
e tei ptsipmoney.
s
e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b sa) bail of b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b)
b s
bail in b
ccsb s c)
b
cc sb s
bail out ccb s
b s d)
ccb s
bail
b s at b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

8. We will __________ the problem to find out a solution.

ss ps out eteiptsips
eiptsilook
s
teiptsipfor ss ss ss ptsips ss ss
esteiptip esta) b) eslook esteiptip c)sb p
esteiptiat
look esteiptip d) blook
esteiinto esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb cbc c bcsb c csb c bcsb c bcsb
9. We ________ our uncle yesterday.
ss s in tiptsips
a) scalled s son
b) called ss c) called s
s at s s d) called s
saway ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. Our teacher asked us to __________ the project work.

ss a) carry in b) carry away c) carrysats d) carry on

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
bc The police
c11. s
b s
cbc car _________ s
b s
cbc near the s
b s
cbcaccident site.cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) drew up b) drew at c) drew in d) drew out
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b c12.
bc She could
b c cnot __________
b b b
cc b the meaning
b
cc b of thec letter.
b c b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
a) figure in b) figure at c) figure up d) figure out
ss s
eiptsiphave b_________ ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 13.
bcsbestWe csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipI am going
sugar. bcsbesteiptto bcsbesteiptipto buy
the market bcsbesteiptipsugar.
some bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) run into b) run after c) run out of d) run at

ss 14. tK. spsRghul had tiptsiptos ____________

teiptsips teiptsipsbecause s iptsips psips ss ss
eteiptip e eiptiL. bcsbese
captain
csbesstand in cbcsbes estKholi
eiptsip wasbshurt.
beste sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) stand cfor cbb) bcsbstand
cc) by c c c bc
d) stand at cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 15. The old building was _________ by the s corporation workers.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips sips
esteiptat
ss
eteiptip d) bpull
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc a) pull upcbc
b s
b s s
cbb) s
c pull through
b cbcsb s bcsbpull
cc) cbcsbs c csbsdown cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b e
steiptsipsThere are
s
b es ptsips types of
teithree s
b es ptsips
teicompound s
b steiptsipsclosed sform,
words:
e bes
s form,tiand
teiptsipopen s
bes
s
s
b esteiptsips
eptsip hyphenated. s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Closed Compound Words
s sClosed compound
sb
ss
esteiptip sbesteiptip they’re sbesteiptsips words
sbesteiptlook
sips like oneteipword.
sbes tsips At one
sbesteippoint,
tsips these
sbestwords
eiptsip
s weren’ttipused
sbes etsip
s together,
sbesteiptbut
sips
sb
ss
esteiptip
c bc c bc c now accepted
bc c as a “real word”
bc c bc in the English
c bc language.c bc c bc c bc c bc
Closed compound words are usually made up of only two words. Here are some closed compound
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip examples.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs •cbcsbs
notebook cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs • bookstore
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• superman • fireman
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Words eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsOpen Compound
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
An open compound word is created in cases when the modifying adjective is used with its noun to
create a new noun. This isn’t quite the same as a nounps with a modifying adjective. ps
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips sbestei tips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c We just b
c c use a space b b
c cbetween thecadjective
c b b
c noun, so sometimes
and cthe cc b b
c cbe hard to identify
it can c c as a b
cc
compound; however, if the two words are commonly used together, it’s considered to be a compound
ss s sword. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbsroom
• living c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
c table
• dinner c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
• full moon • coffee mug
ss eiptsip
s
eiptsip
s teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etHyphenated etCompound eWords eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
There are a great many grammar rules regarding hyphens in compound words.
ss s sOne important s srule of thumb s sto remember s sis that in tmost s scases, a tcompound
ss adjective s s is hyphenated ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseiptip eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
if placed before the noun it modifies, but not if placed after the noun.
c c c c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
• son-in-law • But…

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips• a long-term
sbesteiptsipssolution
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsip•s This issbenot
s
s solution
teiptsiapgood s
b es
s the longtiterm.
teiptsipfor s
b es eptsip
s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cup-to-date user
• an
b
c c guide b
cc b
cc b
c cuser guide isc not
• This
bc up to date. ccb b
cc
Some of the common compound words
ss s
eiptsip • lifetime ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip• meantime
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip• blacksmith
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
• honeymoon bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• grandmother • sometime • seashore • toothpick
ss ss • fireworkss s ss • backwards s • watchmaker • toothpaste s
eteiptip eteiptip • eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip e teiptsips s
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
passport cbcsbs • cbcsbs
bypass s
cbcb s • cbcsbs
subway s
cbcb • dishwasher
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
• crosswalk • airport • horseback • township

ss • moonlightsps • playthingssps • silversmithsps • household s s

eteiptip e teiptsips eteipti e teiptsips eteipti e teiptsips eteipti e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • cbcsbs
sunflower cbcsb s • cbcsbs
footprints cbcsb s • cbcsbs
headquarters cbcsb s cbcsbs
• popcorn cbcsbs
• sweetmeat • homemade • sandstone • airplane
railroadipts scapegoat limestone • s housekeeper
esteiptsips esteiptsips• este ips psip•s
etei t e teiptsips e teiptsip•s e teiptsips e teiptsip e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b • b sb
weatherman
cc cbcsbs • b sb
eyeballs
cc s b
cc s
b s • b sb s
underground
cc b
cc s
b s b
• bookcase
cc sb s b
ccsb s
• earthquake • keyboard • riverbanks • babysit
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss sps• thunderstorm ss sp•s superstoresps sp•s whitewashsps • s call taxi

sp ss ss
eteiptip eteipti eteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • cbcsbs
spokesperson cbcsbs • cbcsbs
fortnight cbcsbs • blackmail
cbcsbs cbcsbs • watchman
cbcsbs cbcsbs
• widespread • honeycomb • firehouse • bathroom
ss s s• weekend ss s •s keywordipts s s•s daylight ipts s s• s overcoatteiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip ete ip eteiptip ete ip eteiptip e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • cbcsbs
hometown cbcsbs • cbcsbs
lifeboat cbcsbs • cbcsbs
daydream cbcsbs • outdoor cbcsbs cbcsbs
• commonplace • lifelong • upheaval • washing machine

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• pacemaker
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsip•s forehead
sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsip•s newspaper
sbesteiptsips sbes
• s browsingtcentre
teiptsip sbes eiptsip
s
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc • b
cc
supermarket b
cc • b
cc
backside b
cc • b
cc
teacup ccb b
c c card
• visiting b
cc
• watchdog • undercut • headmaster • eve teasing
ss ss waterfall ss ss underdog ss ss teiptsips
police estation s • s good-for-nothingss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip• bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip• b csb s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c • c
backtrack c • c
eyesight c • icec cream c c
• down-to-earth c
• backdrop • airfield • kitchen garden • mother-in-law
ss ss psips ss psips ss psips pi s
s psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip • underage
sestei t eteiptip• sunbathe
sestei t eteiptip• sunrisesestei t
p
sestei t • father-in-law
sestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
Exercise with Answer
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c
Choose the suitable option to pair it with the given word to form a compound word. c cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. air___ a) hostess b) hostel c) day d) park
esteiptsips eiptsip
2.bsbesthand___
s
es
s
teiptsipa) read esteiptsips b) teiptsips
written
es es
pslearn eteiptsips
teiptsic) d)
e ptsips
teibox e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cc b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
3. over___ a) mask b) load c) road d) come
ss 4. child___
ss s a)
s right tiptsips b) agesps sc)shood teiptsips d) good ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ee steipti
csbeguard esteiptip es esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb bcsb
c5. safe___c bcsb cbcsbs
a) heart c b)
b c bcsb c) godcbcsb sb
c d) man
bc c bcsb c bcsb
6. moon___ a) glow b) dark c) light d) shine
ss eiptsip
7. etriver___ s ss ss teiptsips spspool ss ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipa) badbcsbesteiptip b)ebed eteiptic) eteiptip d)
eteilight eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c8.bcsbstype___cbcsbs a) write c cbcsbs
b) letter
cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) word
cbcsbd)s story cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. land___ a) side b) mask c) mark d) site
ss teiptsips ss ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbes___food eteiptip eteiptip steipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c10. cbcsbs a) pure
cbcsbs cbb)
csbesea cbcsbs c) water
cbcsbs cbcsbd)s area cbcsbs cbcsbs
11. ___light a) face b) pen c) star d) walk
12. ___boy a) friend ps b) baby c) child d) school
s
b esteiptsips s
b
psips
estei t sbesteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b b
c ___will c c
c13. a) goodb
cc b
c b)
c best b
cc c) do c cb b
c cd) right c c b b
cc
14. ___ware a) inner b) soft c) star d) good
ss eiptsip
s ss ss teiptsips spsworst teiptsips ptsips ss ss
esteiptip 15. est___man esteiptipa) good esteiptip b)egentle
s esteiptic) e d)
esteibad esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Answers
ss 1. as s 2. b 3. bs s 4. c 5.tipbtsips 6. c 7.tibptsips8. a 9.ticptsips10. b 11.ticptsip12.
s d 13.tiaptsip14.
s b 15. tbiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip ee ee ee ee ee ee eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChoose c c c c c
the suitable option to pair it with the given word to form a compound word. c cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. car a) street b) park c) house d) top
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc
2. moon b
cc a) bed b
cc b
cc b) light b
cc c) hood b
cc b
c cd) port b
cc b
cc
3. child a) ship b) hood c) law d) game
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips 10.s
b es eiptsip
twalking s
s
b es
s
teiptsipa) pole s
b esteiptsips b)s
b steiptsips
stick
e s
bes
ps
teiptsic) belt s
besteiptsips s
bd)
es ptsips
teicane s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
11. gazing a) goas b) star c) boy d) land
ss eiptsip
s ss ss teiptsips sps iptsips ptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 12.
bcsbestland bcsbesteiptipa) hood
bcsbesteiptip b)
bcsbemark
s bcsbesteiptic) load bsbeste
c bcsbesteidrive
d) bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
13. soft a) play b) ware c) run d) cycle
ss eiptsip
s ss ss teiptsips spsfall ss ptsips ss ss
eteiptip 14. etwater eteiptipa) foodbcsbesteiptip b)estick eteiptic) eteiptip d)
eteiout eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
15. blue a) cane b) print c) see d) land
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs ***** cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

esteiptsips PART
esteiptsips - I esteiptsips esteiptsips 8. estPREPOSITIONS
eiptsip
s
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b Mark
cc :1
b s
b b
cc s
b

ss Prepositions
tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbese bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c Preposition
c c governing, and
is a word c usually preceding,
c a nouncor pronoun andc expressing acrelation to c
another word or element in the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’, ‘she arrived after dinner’, ‘what
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip did you eteipittipfor?’ bcsbesteiptip
do eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Type of Prepositions
Prepositions of Time
ss ss teiptsips ss iptsips sips teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t
csbes eteiptip beste steiptbefore
bcsbein, bcsbesafter. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Basiccbexamples cbcsbsprepositions
of time cbcsinclude: at,con, cand cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
They are used to help indicate when something happened, happens or will happen.

s
b esteiptsips s
be
steiptsipsIt can get
sbes
ps confusing
teiaptsilittle s
b es
s
teiptsipthough, as
s
b estmany s
eiptsip different
s
bes ptsips
teiprepositionss
b ecan
s
s
teiptsipbe iptsips
used.sbeste s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Prepositions of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. For example:
ss • I was born on July 4th,s1982.
esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptsips esteiptip
s ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb • I was
c bcsb born in 1982.
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
• I was born at exactly 2am.
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips• I was e
born
teiptsipstwo minutes
e teiptsipbefore
s my twin
e teiptsipsbrother.eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcbs s s s
bcb born after
• I cwas s s
b Great War
cbcthe s
b s
cbcended. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The above makes it seem quite difficult, with five different prepositions used to indicate when something
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip happened.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
However, there is a set of guidelines that can help decide which preposition to use:
For years, months, seasons, centuries and times of day, use the preposition in:
s
b esteiptsips s
b es i ptsi p s
te • I first s
b emet
s
s
teiptsipJohn insb steiptsips
1987.
e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• It’s always cold in January
• Easter falls in spring each year.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s sFor days, tdatess s and specific s holiday

s days, suse s s on. teiptsips
s the preposition ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c b sb c bcsb c b s
• We go to school on Mondays, but not on Sunday
c c b c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Christmas is on December 25th.
ss ss s ontimy ptsipsbirthday.esteiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • Buy me tipatsippresent
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c bcsb c
For times, indicators of exception and festivals, use the preposition at: c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Families often argue at Christmas time.

s
besteiptsips sbes p si p s
te • I work
i t sbes ptsips at night.
teifaster sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Her shift finished at 7 pm.

ss s sBefore and safter are much easier to understand than the other examples of prepositions of time. s s
esteiptip esti
e ptip estei ptips esti
e ptsips esti
e ptsips estei ptsips est i
e ptsips esteiptsips esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb Bothcare
bcsb used to explain
cbcsb when something
cbcsb happened, cbcsb happens or sb happen,cbut
cbcwill bcsbspecificallycbincsbrelation c bcsb
to another thing.
ss s s• Before Is discovered
s this
s shotel, I used s tos go straight s aftertipwork.
shome ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esetip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c b sb c b sb
• We will not leave before 3pm.
c c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
• David comes before Bryan in the line, but after Louise.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsPreposition
cbcsbsof time: cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
during, about, around, until and throughout.

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Thesbconcert
es steiptsips throughout
teiptsips will besbestaged s
b esteiptsipsthe month
s
b esteipof
tsipMay.
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
• I clearned
c bc during the
how toc ski b
c cholidays. c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• He usually arrives around 3pm.
ss ss s ps ss s ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • It bwas
csbestabout
eiptsip sixbinsbethe
c steiptsimorning
bc
when
sbesteiptipwe made
bcsbeitsteito
ptsipbed.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c store is open
• The c until midnight. c c c c c c

ss Prepositions ofsplace:
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptip
s ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb To confuse s s
cbcb matterscbacsbbit, c b sb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c b
the most common prepositions to indicate time – on, at, in – are also the
c csb cbcsbs
most common prepositions to indicate position.
ss teiptsipsHowever, s
eiptsiprules are
s
teiptsipclearer teiptsipsprepositions sps a more rigidss sps prepositions.
ss ss
eteiptip e etthe aelittle aseplace eteiptiare eteiptipconcept than
eteiptitime eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Prepositions of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
• The cat is on the table.
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
• The sbdogs
es
s
teiptsipare in the
s
b esteiptsips
kennel. sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• We can meet at the crossroads.

ss s sThe guidelines scan be broken s s down aste follows:

ss ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip • On sb eiptsip
estused sbesteiptip to something
sbesiptip withbacsbsurface:
esteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c bc is when
c bcreferring c bc c c bc c bc c bc c bc
• The sculpture hangs on the wall.
ss s s• The images s s are on the spage.
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • c b sb c b sb c b sb
The specials are on the menu, which is on the table.
c c c c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
In is used when referring to something that is inside or within confined boundaries. This could be
ss ss s
eiptsip a country: ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip anything,
eteven eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs •
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
Jim is in France, visiting his aunt in the hospital.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The lime juice is in the jar in the fridge.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Thesbgirls
es
ps in theetgarden.
teiptsiplay s
b s eiptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s s Study ss
Materials s sour Email
to s sId: [email protected]
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips www.Padasalai.Net
s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.CBSEtips.in s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
DRILL BOOK 27
ss teiptsipsAt is used tsips sips tsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteipwhen bcsbesteiptto
referring something
bcsbesteipat a specific
bcsbespoint: bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• The boys are at the entrance at the movie theater.
ss sps• ats the bus stop
He stoodsp spsat the cornerspof
s Gandhi street.
sps ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • bs meet atcthe
cbcswill
We bcsbsairport. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Lots of other prepositions of place, such as under, over, inside, outside, above and below are used in
ss ss tiptsipsis, however, tiptsiapslot lesssb tiptsips as they tsips to rigid tiptsips rather tsips abstract iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip English. There
bcsbese bcsbese
confusion
bc ese
tiprefer
bcsbese
positions
bcsbese
tipthan
bcsbese
tones.
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
• The cat is under the table.
c c c c
• They stepped outside the house.
c cbcsbs
• Put the sandwich over there. • Major is ranked above corporal.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Thesbkey
es
s
teiptissiplocked inside
sbes
s
teiptsipthe b
iptsips
car.seste s
besteiptsip•s He issbwaving
esteiptsipsat yousfrom
bes
ps
teiptsibelow the
s
besteiptsips
stairs. s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Prepositions of Movement:
ss teiptsipsPrepositions ss sps quite easy ss ss tsips abstract s
eiptsip prepositions ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptipof movement
bcsbesteiptiare bcsbesteiptipto understand
bcsbesteiptipas theybcsare
besteipless bcsbestthan bcsbesteiptipof bcsbesteiptip
c c placec and time. c c c c c c c
Essentially, they describe how something or someone moves from one place to another.
ss ss teiptsips psips ss ss teiptsips sps ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbescommonly sbestei tprepositioneteiptip eteiptip csbes servescbto steipti
csbehighlight esteiptipis eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs The cmost cbcused cbcsbsof movement
cbcsbiss to, whichcbusually cbcsbthere
that cbcsbs
movement towards a specific destination.
ss teiptsipsPrepositions psmovement
tiptsiof ips
tiptsexamples s
ptsipfollowing
intithe tiptsips
sentences are in sips for easyteipidentification.
tiptbold tsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip e bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbes bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
• He has gone on vacation to France. c c c c c cbcsbs
• She went to the bowling alley every Friday last summer.
esteiptsips esteiptsips• I willsbego
s
sipsbed whenteipItsiam
teiptto es
ps tired. eteiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
• They will go to the zoo if they finish their errands.

ss s sOther more sp specific

s prepositions
ss of movement sips include:spsthrough, across, sips off, down and into. These
esteiptip esteiptip prepositions esteiptip get mixed
esteipti can sometimes esteiptup esteipti While bcthey
esteiptare teiptsips
esthey
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb with
c bothers.
csb c s
b similar,
c bcsb have
c individual
bcsb c bcsb
meanings that add context to the movement.
ss • Across refers to moving from one side to another. sps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips eteipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s s s
cbcb travelled across
• Ram s
cbcb Americacbon s s cbcsbs
cb his motorcycle. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Rebecca and Judi are swimming across the lake.
Through s refers to moving
ss
eteiptip
s s•
eteiptip esteiptip
s teiptsips directly inside
s s something
eteiptip
sand
eteiptip
s out thetipother
e etip
s s end. teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • cbcsbbullet
The csbes went through
Babucbshot cbcsbs the window.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The train passes through the tunnel.

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips• s
b s
s
s
b esteiptsipors looking
eiptsip to entering
Intoetrefers
s
b esteiptsips something.
inside
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc •
b
c c went into
James
b
c cthe room. c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• They stare into the darkness.
ss teiptsipsUp, over, tsips past s
eiptsiparound teiptsips directions sps ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteipdown, bcsbestand bcsbeindicate
s bcsbesteiptiof bcsbesteiptip
movement: bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• Jack went up the hill.
ss • Jill came stumbling down after.
eteiptip tiptsips
e teiptips teiptsips tsips
esteipour
ss
esteiptip tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb
es • We s e
cbcwills
b travel over s es
cbcbrough terrain cbcsbon bcsbGrandma’s
waycto bcsbese
chouse. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The horse runs around the track all morning.
ss • A car zoomed past a truck on the highway.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 5. The s sbirds flew _________

ss the tree.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) on cbcsbs csbesin
cbb) cbcsbs bcsbabove
cc) cbcsbs csbes
d)cbat cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. He went _________ his father’s words so he failed in his business.
ss ps
eiptsifor ss teiptsips s s c) onteiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip b)eagainst eteiptip e eteiptip d) bbefore
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. The function will be _________ 6 p m and 8 p m.
a)
ipsiat b) among ipsips c) from d) between
esteiptsips etet ps ipsips
etet ipsips etet ipsips etet etet e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs
8.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
There was no enmity _________ the two brothers.
cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

a) among b) between c) at d) on
ss s
eiptsip committee ss s
eiptsip misunderstandingss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 9.bcsbestThe bcsbesteiptipmembers
bcsbesthad bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
_________ bcsbesteiptip
themselves. bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) for b) between c) among d) on
ss s teiptsipsthe rabbit
eiptsip hunter ekilled
s
teiptsip_________ tiptsaipsknife. sbesteiptsips ss tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip 10.etThe
csbes bcsbese eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) by cbcsbs cbb) with
c bc
cc) in
cbcsbs c
d) on
cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 11. The old man died _________ TB.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip d) bof
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc a) from cbc sb s s
b
cbb) s
c in cbcsbs bcsbon
cc) cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
12. She is _________ a job in a school.
s
b esteiptsips ps
eiptsiof
sesta)
psips
sestei t b) teiptsips
sesbefore
psips
sestei t
s
esteiptip
c)safter
s
s esteiptsips d) on
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
13. He put his arm _________ her shoulder.
ss a)ps
iin
ps psips b) around
psips psips c) at ps s s s d) for teiptsips ss ss
esteiptip ti t
bcsbese
ti t
bcsbese
ti t
bcsbese
ti t
bcsbese etei tip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c14. c c c
Salem is famous _________ mangoes. cbcsbs c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
a) of b) on c) in d) for
ss teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesYou bcsbesthe csbes bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c15. cancsee starscb_________ cnight. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) at b) on c) in d) for
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Answers
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. b 11. d 12. c 13. b 14. d 15. a

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipthe appropriate
Choose eteiptip preposition
eteiptip to complete
eteiptip thebcsentence.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. Wine is made ________ grapes.
ss a)ps
iof
ps psips b) forps
ips c) from d) on ps
eteiptip e tei t e tei t e tei t e teiptsips psips
sbestei t e teiptsips etei tip
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
c2.bc Mt. Everest s
b s s
b
cbc is the highest s s
cbc peak ________
cbc b s c bc
the world. cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) of b) for c) on d) in
s
besteiptsips 3. s
b es tsips her ________
tIeipmet sbesteiptsips Friday.
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) in b) on c) at d) for
ss 4. The s sbook is ________
ss philosophy.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c a) from c c b) in c cc) on c d)c at c c
5. Cars run ________ petrol.
ss ps
eiptsion tiptsips psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) bsbese sbesintei t
bb) eteiptip eteiptip
c) at eteiptip d) bfor
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. I was born ________ 11th June.
a)
iptsiin b) atipts
ss
eteiptip ete ps iptsips
beste
ipst tiptsips c)sbon tiptsips s s d) over
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c7.bcsbsThe plane
cbcsflies c bcsbese c bcsbese c bc ese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
from Chennai ________ Malaysia.
a) to b) on c) for d) over
s
besteiptsips 8. s
b es tsips
tIeipam writing
s
b es iptsips
te
________ s
baes eiptsip
tpen. s
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) by b) with c) of d) over
ss 9. s ss sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestThe
eiptsip pen is
bcs
made
besteiptip ________
bcsbesteiptisilver. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c a) from c c b) at c cc) over c d)c of c c
10. The girl ________ red dress is very attractive.
ss ps
teiptsiin tiptsips teiptsips tiptsips c)sbfor
tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesa) bcsbese bb)
csbeswith bcsbese bc ese eteiptip d) bon
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c c c c c cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
11. Prof. Robert is an authority ________ modern literature.
ss
eteiptip ta)
iptsiin
ee ps tiptsips
ee
b) on
tiptsips tiptsips c) attiptsips
ee ee ee
s s d) for teiptsips
eteiptip e
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
12. You should write your exam ________ ink.
a) in b) with c) on d) at
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b 13.
b
cc b The park
cc________
b b the
b
cc b bus-stand is
b
cc ba great attraction.
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
a) on b) at c) of d) for
ss s
eiptsip of gold’s
14.estMuch sps lies ________ ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb bcsbesteiptivalue bcsbesteiptip bc
its
sbesteiscarcity.
b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c a) up c c b) in c cc) at c d)c on c c

15. Debate requires s thorough preparation ________ the part of the participants.
ss iptsips iptsip iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip d) bfor
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) of s
cbcb s cbb)
cbon
s s s
cbcb s cc) s
bcbat
s cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
16. The boy was waiting ________ his mother.
ss ta) ps
eiptsiof teiptsips teiptsips
b) for teiptsips c) in te ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e e e e iptip eteiptip d) bat
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
17. The woodcutter was going into the forest ________ his axe.
a) at b) on c) with d) up
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c18.
bc Don’t disturbc c me ________
b b
cc studyctime.
bc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) on b) for c) during d) up
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s
eiptsip cat fell
20.etThe teiptsips tsips ss tiptsips ss psips ss ss
eteiptip e________ thete ipwell.
csbeson eteiptip bcsbinese eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) at cbcsbs cbb) cbcsbs cc) cbcsbs c bc
d) into cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip*****bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

PART - I iptsips 9. TENSEbsbesFORMS

teiptsips teiptsips ete teiptsips teiptsips
teiptsips tiptsips teiptsips Mark t:eipt1sips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es cbcsbs b
ccsbes b
cc s
b es cc bsbese cc b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes b
cc s
bes

We have three times - past, present and future. Each time has four tenses in English Language.
ss ss s
eiptsip past,
s
teiptsipcontinuous, tsips perfect, s
eiptsip perfect ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • Past:
bcsbestSimple bcsbepast
s bcsbesteip
past
bcsbestpast bcsbesteiptip
continuous.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• Present: simple present, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous.
• Future: simple future, future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous.
ss ss teiptsips teiptsips sps iptsips tsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes has fourcbtenses
csbes so totally esteiptihave beste Out cof esteip csbes only ctwobcsbestenses eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Eachcbtime cbcsbwe 12
cbcstenses. bcsball these 12cbtenses, cbcsbs
have ‘direct’ verbs. They are simple present and simple past. All other tenses are formed with the help
of auxiliary verbs. Examples:
ss teiptsips• He wrote teiptsipas letter.sbesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e eteiptip - bcsimple eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc s
b s cbc sb s cbc cbcsbs c sbs past cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He was writing a letter. - past continuous
• He had written a letter. - past perfect
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b • Hec chad been writing
b b ccb b a letter.c c
b b - c cpast perfect ccontinuous
b b bc b ccb b ccb b b
cc b
• He writes a letter. - simple present
ss s s• He is writing s s a letter. ss s s - present s scontinuous ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc • Hec has writtenc a letter.
b c bc c bc b
- c present perfect
c c bc c bc c bc c bc
• He has been writing a letter. - present perfect continuous
ss s s• He willteipwrite sips a letter. psips psips - simple psipfuture
s psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbes t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bc bc
• He will be writing a letter.
c c c bc - c bc
future continuousc bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
• He will have written a letter. - future perfect
ss s s He will have
s s been writing
s s a letter. s s - future ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip p
etei t i p • p
etei t i p p
etei t i p p
etei t ip eteiptipperfect continuous
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsACTIVE cAND
bcsbs cbcsbs
PASSIVE FORM
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
sAll the transitive
teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips verbs have
tei ptsipactive
s and passive
tei ptsips forms.teiptThe
sips intransitive
tei ptsipverbs
s havetionly
eptsipsactive forms.
teiptsips teiptsips
s es ses s es s es s es ses s es s es s es s es
b
cc b c c The ctransitive
b b bc b verbsb b
c chave 12 active b b b b
c c forms and c8 cpassive forms. b b
c cSo far we have b
c c seen onlyc the
b b b
c active b
cc b
forms of the verb ‘Write’. Now let us see the passive forms.
ss PASSIVE
ss FORMS ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c • Acletter was written
c by him. c c - simple pastc c c c
• A letter was being written by him. - past continuous
ss ss tsips beenswritten
iphad teiptsips by him. psips psipsperfect esteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • A letter
beste for cpastbcbesperfect sbestei t
- tpast
sesei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs (no cbcspassive c bc
continuous) cbcb s
cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• A letter is written by him. - simple present
ss ss s
tsipbeing
tipis tiptsipsby him.
written tiptsips s
eiptsip continuous ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • A letter
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese
- etpresent eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
• A letter has been written by him. c cbc-sbspresent perfect
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
(no passive for present perfect continuous)
esteiptsips esteiptsips• A letter
es tsips be written
teipwill es
s him. tiptsips
teiptsipby ee
s
eiptsip future
- estsimple e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc sb b
cc s
b
• A letter will have been written by him.
cbcsbs b sb
c c- future perfectb
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s

(no passive forms for future continuous and future perfect continuous)
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptSimple
sips Present
s
b esteiptsips habitual
sbesteiptsipactions,
s general
s
b esteiptsipstruth, sfixed
besteiptsips• He drinks
s
besteiptsipsmilk every
sbesteipmorning.
tsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cfuture
c b
event, running
cc b
commentaries
cc • b b
c c sun rises inc the
The c east. c c b b
cc
(clues: daily, every day, seldom, • Our school reopens on 4 June.
ss ss ss always) s s s s ball andtipgoes
ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ete
s
iptip ete
s
iptip ete
s
iptip • teiptsipthe
Kholiehits e etip to theerope. teiptsips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
Present action at the moment, fixed future • She is writing letter.
Continuous event (clues: now, at the moment) • They are visiting us tomorrow.
ss ss iptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste bcsbesecompleted eteiptip eteiptip • Hebcshas
eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Present
cbcsPerfect caction cbcsbins the immediate
cbcsbs c bs just come cbcsb
in. cbcsbs cbcsbs
past, casual reference to pat action, • I have read ‘God of Small Things.’
past incident with present result, She has
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips• tiptsibuilt
ps a house. s (now
eteiptip
s she owns ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs bcs e
caction
b s beginning s es
cbc in the past cand
b bcsbese bcsbese
acnew house) cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
continuing up to the present (clues: • We have lived here for ten years.
already,srecently, just s now)
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptip s
s
b esteiptip s
s
b esteiptip ss
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cPerfect
Present bc
caction b b
c cthe past to continue
began in cc b
c c have been
• We b b
c c living herec cfor ten b
cc
Continuous in the present (since, for) years.
ss sips ss sips ptsipspast, past ss ss sips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptSimple Past
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptcompleted
action
bcsbinste
e ithe
bcsbesteiptip • Webcswent
esteiptipto Delhi
b bcsbesteiptyear.
last
bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c chabits c c c c c c
• She always carried a handbag.

ss Past Continuous action going on in thespast, • I was playing in the park.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s crepetition
s
bcb s of action
cbcb in the past
s s s
cbcb s • In s
cb days hecbwas
cbthose
s csbes always troubling
cbcsbs cbcsbs
others for money.
ss Past
s s Perfect ss If two teipactions
tsips happened s sin the past, s s• BeforeteipItsipreached
s the station
ss the ttrain
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesaction esteiptip eteiptip es eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cone cbcsbhave
might cbcsbs
happened cbcsbleft.
had cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
earlier than the other. The past • When she left the house she had locked
the door
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips perfect is
teiptsip used
s in such s
eteiptip
situation.
s s
eteiptip
s teiptsisafely.
ps teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s bcsbessimple
cThe cbcsisbsused in one
past cbcsbs • b sbes
c chad completed
He b sbes b
c c the workc cbefore Isbes b
ccsbes
clause and the past perfect is used arrived.
in the pother.
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip etei t
sips
etei tpsips psips•
etei t
By the itime
e teptsipsfiremen e
arrived
teiptsips the firee teihad
ptsips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcs
spreadb s to many sb s
c houses.
bc c bcsb s c bcsb
Past Perfect an action going on in the past • My brother had been watching TV
ss sips ss sips sps ss sips arrived. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptContinuous
eteiptip before
eteiptanother action
eteiptistarted eteiptip until emy
teiptfather eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Simple Future an action yet to take place • We shall go to Madurai tomorrow.
• He will come here next week.
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip goingbcon
eteiptip eteiptip csbes be reading eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Futurecbcsbs bcsbaction
can c sbsat some time
cbcsbsin • Icbshall cbcsbs the newspaper
cbcsbs cbcsbs
Continuous future tomorrow.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 1. Hema _________ in a software company in Chennai snow.

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e tiptsips
e e teiptsips teiptips ss
eteiptip d) bworking
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) work cbcb s s s
cbb) s
cbworked cbcb s s bcsbisesworking
cc) cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Some areas in Italy _________ drier during summer.
ss ps
eiptsibecomes psips teiptsips psips c) became
psips ss eiptsip
s ss ss
eteiptip sesta) sestei t b)
sesbecome sestei t sestei t eteiptip d) bhas
etbecome eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Latha _________ here frequently.
a) scomes b) hassp
come c) comesps d) had come
esteiptsips es
ps
teipti e
sps
steipti s
esteipti esteiptsips eteipti e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b s
b b
c4.c Sam _________
cc s
b bcsb b
ccsb
twocpens this morning. cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

a) buys b) has bought c) had bought d) bought

ss s
eiptsip_________ ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 5.bcsbestWe bcsbesteiptipwell for
bcsbethis
s bcsbesteiptip
examination. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) have prepared b) prepares c) has prepared d) preparing
ss s
eiptsip brothers
6. etThe ptsips s tsips
eiptsip share ofteipproperty sips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip etei_________ tover
csbesargue cbcsbes
last
tiptnight.
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) arguescbcsbs cbb) cc) argued c c
d) have argued c cbcsbs

ss 7. She _________s to prepare for the coming NEET exam.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips sips
esteiptplanned
ss
eteiptip d) bhas
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc a) plan cbc
b s
b s s
cbb) s
c have planned
b cbcsb s bcsbhad
cc) cbcsbs c csbsplanned cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. When she arrived home her friend _________ the place already.
teiptsips ps
iptsileft
ta) tiptsips s
tiptsipleft
b) had tiptsips c)sbwill tsips
tipleave tiptsips d) issbeleaving
tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es bsbese
cc bsbese
cc bsbese cc bsbese cc b ese bsbese
cc b se cc cc b
cc s
b es b
ccsbes
9. She _________ her project last week.
ss a) completed b) hadscompleted c) has completed d) completes
esteiptip ee tiptsips tiptsips
ee tiptips ee tiptsips ee e ti
e ptsips e tei ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. She _________ the happy news just now. cbcsbs c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
a) heard b) have heard c) has heard d) had heard
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Answers
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. c
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
esteiptsips 1. etIe
ss
tip
ip_________ eteithis
ss
ptip book for ss
tip days.sesteiptip
eteipfive
ss
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
a) read b) will have read
c) will be reading d) have been reading
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

esteiptsips ee ta)
iptsiwashes
ps tiptsips
ee
b) hastiptsipwashed
ee
s tiptsips c) wash
ee tiptsips ee tiptsips d) hadtiwashed
eeptsips tiptsips
ee ee e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
6. At present, my uncle _________ as a clerk in a private company.
a) works b) is working c) was working d) have worked
ss s
eiptsip policeman sps sips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 7.bcsbestThe bcsbesteipti_________
bcsbesteiptthe bcs
trafficbessince 7 a.m.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) is controlling b) was controlling
ss c) swills be controlling
ss ss psips d) haspbeen
sips controlling
psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t etei t etei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c8.bcsbsWhen my sbs
cbcfriend c bcsbs c bc
rang me up, I _________ a bath. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) was taking b) took c) am taking d) have taken
ss ss ss ss iptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip bestenewspaper eteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c9.bcsbsThe newspaper
cbcsbs vendorcbcsb_________ cbcsthe cbcsbsat 6 a.mcbeveryday. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) will deliver b) delivers c) deliver d) delivered
10. tThe
teiptsips eiptsip police _________ clueless
teiptsips about the
teiptsiprecent bank
teiptsiprobbery.
s teiptsips s s teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es bsbes b sbes b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
b es
cc c c a) had been cc c is
c b) cc cc)cwere cc c
d)c are cc cc
11. I _________ this film already.
ss ps
eiptsisee ss teiptsipsseen sbesteiptsips psips ss eiptsip
s ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesta) b sbesteiptip b)
b sbeshave c) estei t
bsbsaw sbesteiptip d) bwill
sbestsee sesteiptip
b sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c cbc cc c bc c c c bc c bc
12. When our principal retires next month, he _________ our institution for twenty years.
ss a) swill
s be serving ss b) has sserved
s s s c) has been
s s servingteiptsips d) will thave
s sbeen serving ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
13. I _________ to New Delhi several times.
ss ps goneeteiptsips
eiptsihave teiptsips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sesta) b)
seswent sestei t eteiptipbeen bcsbesteiptip d) bgo
c) have eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb ss
cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs c c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
14. Make hay while the sun _________.
a) sshine b) will sp
shine c) shines d) is shining
esteiptsips es
ps
teipti sps
esteipti s
esteipti esteiptsips sps
eteipti e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b s
b bs
c We _________
c15. cc b b s
b bsb
c cin the evenings.
tennis cc cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc sb s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
a) play b) are playing c) had played d) will have played
ss s
eiptsip government ss ss s
teiptsippolicy ptsips year. esteiptsips ss ss ss
s esteiptip 16. s estThe s esteiptip _________
s esteiptipthe new s estax by
s esteinext esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
a) has revised b) will revise c) revised d) will have revised
17. When s s we entereds s the auditorium, the drama
ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips _________ s s already.
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) begancbcsbs csbeshas beguncbcsbes
cbb) bcsbhad
cc) begun c bcsb bcsb
d) begins
c cbcsbs cbcsbs
18. The principal _________ with the parents. Please wait for sometime.
ss s
eiptsiisp talking ss teiptsips ss tsips ss s
eiptsiptalkingbsbesteiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip b)etalks eteiptip eteiptalk
c) will eteiptip d) bwill
etbe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cc cbcsbs
19. If he mends his behaviour, he _________ his reputation.
a)ps
iregains b) regain psips c) willpregain d) regained
e teiptsips ps
tei t psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t sbestei t
sips
sbestei t teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s bcsbesWhat
c20. c bc c bc c bc c bc
would you do if you _________ this opportunity?
b
cc s
b es b
cc sbes b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes

a) lose b) lost c) would lose d) had lost

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ps _________
eiptsiyou
22.etIf ss sips convey sips best wishes. ss ss psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip to meet teipthim,
csbesshould happen eteiptmy esteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) were cbcsbs cbb) cbcsbs bcsbhappened
cc) cbcsbs c bc
d) will happen c bc cbcsbs
23. Balan with his neighbours _________ to the police station to complain.
ss ss ss teiptsips teiptsips c)sbhad ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbeshave gonecbcsbes eteiptip eteiptip d) bhave
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) has gone
cbcsbs cbb) cbc s gone cbcsbs c csbs been going
cbcsbs cbcsbs
24. This book _________ Rs. 500.

esteiptsips ta)
iptsicost
ee ps tiptsips b) costed
ee tiptsips ee e teiptsips c) costs
eetiptsips e teiptsips d) will
e tcost
eiptsip
s
e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
25. The cattle that belong to Kandan _________ in the field.
a) graze b) is grazing c) are grazing d) grazes
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c *****
c c c c c

ss iptsips sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsPART -cbcIsbesteipt
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs beste cbcsbs cbcsbs 10. LINKERS cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Mark : 1
cbcsbs

ss teiptsipsLinker is s
teiptsipcommon ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e ethe eteiptipfor conjunctions
name eteiptip andbconnectors.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Conjunctions have two basic functions or “jobs”:

s
besteiptsips s
b e

steiptsipsCoordinating
s
b esteiptsipsconjunctions
s
b esteiptsips are used
s
b esteipttosipsjoin twosbesparts
teiptsipsof a sentence
s
b esteiptsipsthat are
s
b e
grammatically
steiptsips s
b e
equal.
steiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc The ctwo
bc parts maycbec single words
b c cor clauses, for
b c cexample: c c
b b b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Jack and Jill went up the hill.
ss s s• The water s warm,tipbut
s was s s I didn’t go swimming.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesetip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c Subordinating c c
conjunctions c used to joinca subordinatecdependent clause
are c to a maincclause, for c
example:
ss ss ptsips ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • I went
eteiswimming eteiptip it was
although etcold. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
ss ss ss
Subordinating ss
conjunctions sps eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptialthough, etbecause, since,
eteiptipunlessbcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
Conjunctions have three basic formats:

esteiptsips esteiptsips single sips

eteiptword e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsipsand, sbut,
e
s
teiptsipbecause, e eiptsip
talthoughs
e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s b
cc b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
compound (often ending with as or that) provided that, as long as, in order that

ss ss correlative
s s (surrounding
s s an adverb sorsadjective)teiptsipsso...that teiptsips ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsCoordinating
cbcsbs Conjunctions
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that
ss ss s s equalte s tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip are grammatically
eteiptip bcsbes
or
iptsipsimilar.
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs A coordinating
cbcsbs c c c c c
conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure:
c cbcsbs
There are seven coordinating conjunctions, and they are all short words of only two or three letters:
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsand, but,
s
b es
s
eiptsipnor, for,byet,
tor, sbes tsips
teipso. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square
brackets [ ]:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s s Study ss
Materials s sour Email
to s sId: [email protected]
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips www.Padasalai.Net
s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.CBSEtips.in s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
DRILL BOOK 35
ss ss teiptsipsand [coffee]. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • I like
bcsbe[tea]
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
ss s sCoordinating sconjunctions
s s s cometeipbetween
always tsips thetipwords
tsips or clauses
tiptsipthat
s they join. tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip csbes bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs When cbcsabscoordinating
cbcsbconjunction cbjoins c c c
independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma
c cbcsbs
before the conjunction:
ss ss s ss
eiptsip as anbsinterpreter ss tsips teiptsipsat university.ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bestwork eteiptip inbcthe
eteiptip esteipstudying eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs I want
cbcsto c cbs c sbsfuture, socbIcsbam cbRussian
csbes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really essential:
• She is kind so she helps people.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c Subordinating b
cc b
cc
Conjunctions ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a main (independent) clause:
ss teiptsipsHere are teiptsipscommon iptsips eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbessome bcsbestesubordinating
bcsbestconjunctions:
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where,
ss whether, while.
eteiptip e tiptsips
e sps
steipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s Lookcbcsbe
at cbcsbs
this example: cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
main or subordinate or
ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip independent
eteiptip clause edependent eteiptip
clause eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ram went swimming although it was raining.

teiptsips tei ptsipssubordinating

teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es s es
conjunction
b b b s
b es bsbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
A subordinate or dependent clause “depends” on a main or independent clause. It cannot exist alone.
ss s sImagine that ssomebody
s says s sto you: “Hello! s sAlthough titeipwas
s s raining.”tWhat s s do you understand?
ss Nothing!ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c But c
a main or independent
c clausec can exist alone. c You will understand
c verycwell if somebody
c says to c
you: “Hello! Ram went swimming.”
ss teiptsipsA subordinating
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eteiptip conjunction
eteiptip alwaysbcscomes
eteiptip at thebcsbeginning
eteiptip of bacsbsubordinate
eteiptip eteiptipIt “introduces”
clause. eteiptipa eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs c bs c s cbcsbs
subordinate clause. However, a subordinate clause can come after or before a main clause. Thus, two cbcsbs cbcsbs
structures are possible:
ss s s tiptsipsswimming tsips iptsipsraining. tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip p p
etei t • Ram
i went
bcsbese
tipalthough
bcsbese
it twas
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c
• Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.
c c c c cbcsbs

Types s
ofslinkers sips Examples
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s estei pt i p
s estei ptsips
s estei pt sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b ccause
bc and effect
b c c because,c so,
b b bc thus, therefore,
b b
cc b accordingly,
c c as, since c c
b b b b b
cc b b
cc b
comparison similarly, likewise, whereas, but, except, equally
ss ss contrast ss ptsipsyet, still,estthough,s
eiptsip unlike, tsips of sesteiptsips ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteibut, sb sbesteipinstead s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc bc
ctime c bc c bc
when, then, as, before, after
c bc cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b

addition and, in addition, as well as

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Exercise with Answer
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the most eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip alternatives.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChoose cbcsbsappropriate
cbcsbslinker from
cbcsbgiven cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. _________ I called on him, he was not there.

esteiptsips ee ta) ps
iptsiWhen tiptsips
ee ips
b) Iftipts tiptsips c) Where
ee tiptsips
ee ee e teiptsips d) What
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
2. Wait _________ I return.
a) though b) if c) so d) till
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 4. tHe ss s s s ill. tiptsips ss ss ss ss

eteiptip e eiptipattendedetthe
eiptsip function t_________
eiptsip he
csbesthough cbcsbes
teiptsipwas ese eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsa) becausecbcsbs cbb) bcsbsince
cc) cbcsbs bcs
d) for
c b cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. This is the place _________ we stayed last time we visited.
ss ps
eiptsiwhere ss teiptsips s s c) when ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip
b)ehow eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip d) bifcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. _________ you win first place, you will receive a prize.
a) sWhere b) If s s s s c) Unless d) Instead of
esteiptsips s
eteiptip
ss iptip
beste the test esteiptip esteiptip
ss pip
sbestei t e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b c7.bcsbsYou won’t
cbcspass cbcsb_________ cbcsbyou c
study. bc b
cc s
b s b
cc sb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) when b) if c) unless d) though
ss tsips notsegetteiptsiapsseat, _________ ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 8.bcsbestIeipcould bc b s bcsbesteiptip Isb
bc esteiptip early.bcsbesteiptip
came bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) as b) though c) when d) how
9. Pay
ss
eteiptip e tiptsipsattention
e e teipto your workps
tsips e ti t_________
e ips e teipyou
tsips
will not pmake
e tei tsips mistakes. ss ss
eteiptip d) bifcsbesteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb a) so thatcbcb s s s
cbb) s
cbunless cbcb s s cc) s
bcbors cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. The musicians delivered a rousing performance _________ they had rehearsed often.
ss ps
iptsithough
ta) tiptsips ips
b) iftipts tiptsips c)sbastiptsips tiptsips d) how tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese b ese bsbese bsbese bsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cbcsbs
Answers
1. a 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b s9.s a 10. c s s
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccb s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b c csbs
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Self - Evaluation
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sesteiptip
b sbesteiptip
c bc cChoose the most
bc c bc appropriate
c bc linker from
c given alternatives.
bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
1. She’s honest _________ everyone trusts her.
ss ps
eiptsibut tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips c)sbifesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) bsbese
b) so
bsbese bsbese eteiptip d) bwhen
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc b
cc cc cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Write this down _________ you will forget.
ss a) sor
ps sps b) andsps sps c) but sps d) that sps
eteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti tipti tipti teiptsips eteipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c3.bcsbsHe is intelligent
cbcsbs _________ bcsbese
cbcsbs he isclazy.
ee
cbcsbs cbcsbes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) but b) still c) when d) so

s
b esteiptsips 4. s
bes
s
eiptsip will never
tYou sbes ips
teiptssucceed s
b steiptsips
_________
e syou
bes
sips
teipttry hard.se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) if b) though c) unless d) and

ss 5. Gita s swanted tto sdrive

s to Bangalore ss _________ s s David sinsisted
s onip flying.
ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestetip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c a) thoughc c b) if c cc) how c d)c until c c
6. Do not go _________ I come.
ss ps
eiptsiwhen ss teiptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip
b)
sbesthough eteiptip c) ifete eteiptip d) bbefore
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. I did not come _________ you did not call me.
a)ps
ss
eteiptip ei tithough
te ps e iptsips
te
b) because
iptsips
e te iptsips c) when
e te iptsips
e te e teiptsips
d) as ps
tei tips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
c8.bc I am afraids
b s
cbc of heights, s
b s
cbc_________ sb s
cbcI appreciate sb s
cbcthe view from s
b s
cbc the top ofcbthe csbes building.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) or b) for c) but d) nor
s
b esteiptsips 9. s
b es eiptsip
s
t_________ s
b eI
s ptsips
teihave any s
b esteiptsipsI will ask
doubt sbes tsips
teipyou. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) If b) Though c) How d) For
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

esteiptsips ta)
iptsiifps
ee tiptsips b) till
ee tiptsips tiptsips
ee ee
c) when
tiptsips
ee e teiptsips d) how
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
14. I have to go to work at six, _________ I’m waking up at four.
a) but b) so c) yet d) or
ss tsips sps sips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 15.
bcsbestIeipwas on bcsbesteipti_________
time, bcsbesteipteveryone
bcsbeelse
s was bcs
late.besteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) but b) so c) for d) or
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip*****bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

PART - I teiptsips 11. IDIOMS s s AND

eteiptip PHRASES
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Mark et:eipt1ip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Idioms and Phrases s
s
besteiptsips s
b
iptsips
este s
b eiptsip
ste sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b b
c c English b
c c is a fascinating b
c c language.c cIt is colourful b b
c cand full of expressions,
cc b b
c cwell-writtencprose
and c can
b
cc
transport us to another world. One such tool that authors usually employ to make their words memorable
ss ss tsipsphrases. ss s
eiptsipus to understand ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip are idioms
bcsbesteipand bcsbestIteiptisipimportant
bcsbestfor bcsbesteiptip the bconcept
csbesteiptipand the
bcs
correct
besteiptip usagebc
of tidiom
seseiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c and cphrases. c c c c c c c
Idioms are a collection of words or phrases which have a figurative meaning that is generally well
ss ss sips known. tSo s wordstipcan’t
sthese ss s literaltipmeanings
tsiptheir ss sps would sound ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip established
eteiptand e eiptip e etip be taken
eteipat e etip eteiptithey
since eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
farcical. Idioms, at times, seem grammatically unusual as well.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
sIdioms are a useful tool in linguistics. Theys add life and colour to the prose. It allowssthe authors to
ss sip sips sips sip sips sips s ss ss
eteiptip tei pt play with tei pt tei pt tei pt tei pt tei pt eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbswords and cbcmake
sbes it interesting
cbcsbs to read,crather
bcsbes than straightforward boring
cbcsbs paragraphs.
cbcsbIdioms
e e e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
are often used in stories, poems and even in the spoken language. The origins of these idioms are not
always known.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc Idioms
ccb b
cc c c Meanings
b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Beat around the bush Talking something in confusion; indirect talk.
ss ss ptsips iptsips ptsips lateesinto s
teiptsipnight. ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Burnbcthe
sbesteimidnight oilsbeste
bc bcsbesteiWorking bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Judge a book by its cover Rely on outward appearance.
ss s s Bite off more psipsthan youestcan
psipschew esteiTry
psipto
s take ontiaptsitask
ps too big for
psiponeself.
s psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sb ei t sb t sbese sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
Cry over spilled milk c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
Regret/complain about something that cannot be rectified. c bc cbcsbs
Once in a blue moon Once in a while.
ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Rankbcsand
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs file cbcsbs cbcsbs Ordinarycpeople. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Between the devil and the deep sea Between two dangers.

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Burn the
s
b es ptsips
teimidnight oil te
s
b es iptsips s
b es ptsips or study
teiWork s
b es ptsips
teihard. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Call a spade a spade Speak frankly and directly.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

Hoping against hope Without hope.

ss ss tsips ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip To get esteipof eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbrid cbcsbs cbcsbs Dispose cof. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Rain cats and dogs Rain heavily.
ss ss ps tiptsips ptsipsfor the impossible.
ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Cry for the
tiptsimoon
bcsbese bcsbese eteiAsk esteiptip bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
The pros and cons
c cbcsbs The various cbcsbaspects c c
of a matter in detail.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
Be in a tight corner In a very difficult situation.
sesteiptsips s estei ptsips
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
sesteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b By chook
bc or by hook
b b
cc b c c By fair orc foul
b b bc means. c c
b b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Leave no stone unturned Use all available means.
ss ss s
teiptasipflesh ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip A thorn
bcsbesin bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiApticonstantbcsbesteiptip of annoyance.
source
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Like a fish out of water In serious danger.

ss At one’s beck and call Under his control.

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips ss
esteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s bcsb s
To make both ends meet
c c bcsb s s cbcsbsone’s income.
cbcb To live within cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
To bell the cat To face the risk.
ss ss ss tiptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Let theeteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbscat out ofcbag
bcsbese cbcsbs Revel thecbsecret.
csbes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
By leaps and bounds Rapidly.

teiptsips teiptsips A boltsbfrom

teiptsipthe
s blue tiptsips teiSomething
ptsips unexpected.
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es bc es bcsbese b s
b es
c c Complaining b s
b es b
c c about the closss
b es b s
b
c which willcnever es
c come back. b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es
Crycover the spilt cmilk
Blessing in disguise Something good and useful that did not initially seem that way.
ss ptsips ss ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e Be onbcsbesteiptipnine bcsbesteiptip
cloud bcsbesteiBe very bcs
happy.
besteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Hand to mouth Live with only basic necessity.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Exercise with Answer cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss sps the right ss ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip the underlined
Replace eteiptip phrases
eteiptiwith eteiptip idioms. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. She was on cloud nine when she met her old friends.
a) very
teiptsips tei ptsips happy teiptsips b) on high
tei ptsips place teiptsips c) hiding
tei ptsipsherself teiptsips d) on the
teiptsipway
s teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes bsbes b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b sbes b s
b es bsbes
cc c2.c The pricecofc gold increases c c by leaps cand c bounds. c c cc cc cc cc
a) every day b) rapidly c) the traders d) the government
ss s
eiptsipsuffered s s s
teiptsipmore than s
tsip can chew. s s s s s s ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 3. sestHe
bc b bcsbesteiptip he bbit
because
csbesoff bcsbesteiphe bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c a) to biteca dust c c cb) tried to do cless c c c
c) he was slow d) tried more than he could do
ss ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
bestehis manager’s eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsat
c4.bcsbsSenthil was cbcsbs beck and
cbcsbscall. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) house b) the office always c) under his control d) above others
ss
eteiptip
5. tMiddles s class people
e eiptip teipto
tiptsipslead asblife tsipsmake sboth sends
eteiptip
s meet. ss
esteiptip tiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbese
cbcsbsa) out of cway c esin the office
cbb) cbcbs bcsbwithin
cc) bcsbese
theircincome csbeseasy
d)cblife cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. The poor lead a life of hand to mouth.
s
b esteiptsips ps as bee
eiptsibusy
sesta)
psips
sestei t b)
s basic tnecessity
teiptsiponly
seswith
psips c) hard
sesei t
psips
sestei t work s esteiptsips d) easy
s es tsips
teiplife sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
7. The news came as a bolt from the blue.
ss a) sclear
s mindedtiptsips b) seastide s ss c) as ans unexpected
s one
s s d) the tabove
ss ss ss
s esteiptip esteiptip ese esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bc b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss Replace ss ss sps the right ss ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip the underlined
eteiptip phrases
eteiptiwith eteiptip idioms. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. Don’t beat around the bush. Come to the point directly.
a) talk with confusion b) talk something serious
ss sips sips sips sips sips teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip t i pt
e c) talk something
e t i pt
e dangerous
e e teipt e teipt eteiptsomething
d) talk esadly eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. You made the judgement by looking at the lady. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
a) look at the cover of the book b) read the book inside
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c c c) read the
b c ccontent carefully
b b
cc b
cc cd)crely on outward
b c c appearance
b b
cc b
cc b
cc
3. She visits her grandparent once in a blue moon.
ss ps
eiptsifrequently ss teiptsips psips c) always
psips ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesta) sbesteiptip
b)
sesinfrequently sestei t sestei t s esteiptip d) bhappily
s esteiptip sesteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc c bc cbcb cbcb cbcb c bc b c c b c bc b c bc b
4. He is the rank and file of the ruling party.
ss a) simportant member b) elected representative
eteiptip t iptips iptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip iptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs
es e
cbcb c) ordinary
s bste
e
cbcmember
s cbcsbs cbcsbs cd)
este bcsbese
bcbwell knowncperson
s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. He is known for calling a spade a spade.
ss ps frankly sips directly teiptsips ss sps facts carefully
psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eta)
eiptsispeak teiptand
csbesfeeling ofcothers
bcsbes eteiptip b) hide
esteiptithe sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsc) hurtingcbthe cbcsbs bcsbtalk
cd) c bc
convincingly cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. She is hoping against hope to get the highest position in her company.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes
ps
eiptsitrying
ta) with
sbesteiptsips
hope b)s
b ehas
s
s
teiptsipthe quality
sbesteiptsips c)sbtrying
es
s
teiptsipwithoutsb steiptsips d) about
hope
e sbes
ps
teiptsito get sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb ccb b
cc
7. Before coming to a conclusion we should understand the pros and cons of the problem.
ss a) sreason
s ss ss s s b) various s saspects inteipdetail
ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes tip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c c) decidecon
c c c c c cd) talk about c
c c c c c c c c
8. Because of his dealings he is in a tight corner.
ss ps
eiptsidifficult ss teiptsips situation psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eta) eteiptip
situationb)
seshappy sestei t eteiptip
c) sidelined eteiptip d) bpromoted
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. She did not listen to her father’s advice so she is now between the devil and the deep sea.
ss a) can see deep inside the problem b) can talk about the problem deeplys s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc c) between s
b s
cbctwo dangers
cbcsb s cbcsb s cd)sb s
bcbetween happiness
cbcsb s cbcsbs
and joy cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. He wants to get rid of his car.
teiptsips ps
iptsidispose
ta) ips
of tipts tiptsipsit safe sbesteiptsips
b) keep ss
c) reregister
eteiptip it teiptsips d) show sipsothers teiptsips
teiptto teiptsips
b
cc s
b es bsbese
cc bsbese
cc bsbese cc b cc cbcsbs b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es e
cbcsbs b
ccsbes
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips es teiptsips esteiptips esteiptsips e steiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b • The
b
cc s
blion was ccbs
killedb by the b
cc s
hunter.
b – here ‘the
ccb s
b lion’, the b
cc s
thing
b acted up on
b
cc s
is
b made b
cc s
prominent.
b b
cc s
b
(passive voice)
ss s sThe passive sverb
s has antiauxiliary
s s and the spast
s participle sofs the verb.teiptsips ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb b sb
• primary
c c auxiliary b sb b s
c + past participle
c b
c (was killed)
c c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
• The ‘primary auxiliary’ changes according to the number and tense. For example:
ss s was +te iptsipsparticiple ps past tense ps psips psips psips ss ss
espast ispsifor psisingular.
s
eteiptip eteipti p
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs were cbcsb+ c bc c bc
past participle is for past tense plural. c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
• A letter was written by him.
ss s s • Few sips were twritten
pletters psips by him. psips psips psips psips ss ss
eteiptip p
sestei t
i p
sestei t sesei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs
Active to Passive

s
besteiptsips s
b e

steiptsipsSentences
s
b esteiptsiwith
ps one eobject.
s
b steiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c clerk sent the
• The b
c cparcel. b
cc b
cc b
c c – active b
cc b
cc b
cc
• The parcel was sent by the clerk. – passive
ss ss tsips thesdoor sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • Hebchad
sbesteiplocked bc esteiptibefore
b
leaving
bcsbesteiptipthe room.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes–teiptipactivebcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c door had been
• The c locked by him c before leaving c the room.c – passive c c c
• The girl was writing a letter to her mother. – active
ss ss tsips beingswritten
ss s mother.
tsipher ss s s iptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • A letter
eteipwas eteiptip by the girl
eteipto eteiptip –tipti passive este
bsbese
p eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc bsb
cc cbcsbs cbcsbs
Sentences with two objects.

ss sips• He sends siphis

s mother tletters sips regularly.
tiptsips ss –
sipsactive teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e tei pt e
• Letters
tei pt
bcsbehimei pt
bcsbese regularly. eteiptip e tei pt e eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs are sentcby s to his cmother cbcsbs cbcsbs– passive cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He has given her a book. – active
• A book has been given by him to her. s s – ss passive
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s e steiptsips s esteiptip se steiptsips s esteiptip s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b • She
b
cc is
b telling himb
cc ab story. b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b – activeb
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
• A story is being told by her to him. – passive
ss teiptsipsSentences sps modalteipauxiliary.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptiwith bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c will completec the work in time.
• He c c c – active c c c
• The work will be completed in time – passive
ss ss sps the plants. ss ss ss s s ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • She may
eteiptiwater eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip p
e–teipti activebcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs •
cbcsbs cbcsbs
The plants may be watered by her. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs– passive c cbcsbs cbcsbs
Special care should be taken to ‘shall be’ in passive voice.
ss ss tsips personses–teip sps ss ss ss ps ‘shall be’.
teiptsiuse ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Only when
eteipfirst eteiptipas the bsubject
Itior We –bcomes eteiptipin the bpassive
eteiptipvoice we ecan eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb c csbs c csbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Otherwise we should use only ‘will be’.
• I shall do the work. – active
s
b esteiptsips s
b estei ptsips
• The work
s
b es
ps
teiptsiwill be done
s
b es
s
tsipme.
teipby s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e–
stei ptsips
passive s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• He will meet me. – active
ss s s I shall be smet
s by him.tiptsips ss ss – ss passive ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ee esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips sbes i ptsi p s
te • Please sbes ptsiptos the library.
teigo sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips –
sbesteiptsips
active
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c are asked toc go bc to the library
ccb b b b b b
• You – c cpassive cc cc cc cc

ss s sInterrogatives
teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • Whobcsbebroke
s the bcsbesteiptip
window? bcsbesteiptip – bcsactive
besteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• By whom was the window broken? – passive
ss s s• Who did the
s s mistake?teiptsips ss – active ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip es esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • c b sb c b sb
By whom was the mistake done?
c c c bcsb – c bcsb
passive cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Do you understand the meaning? – active
ss s s• Is the tmeaning
iptsips understood
tiptsips by you?tiptsips – passive
tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ee ee ee ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Sentences with phrasal verbs

teiptsips tei ptsips• His friends

ti
e ptsipslaughed atteiphim.
tsips tei ptsips – active teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es • Heb sbe
wass laughed at
b sbe
bys his friends.
bsbes – b s
b es
passive b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
• He pointed at her. – active
ss s s• She was spointed
s at by him. ss s s – passive ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Simple Present He loves music. Music is loved by him. (singular)
Tense She writes many letters. (plural) Many letters are written by her. (plural)
ss ss ss sps teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti meet me
bsbeThey bsbesoften. bsbese I am met bsbesbye them often.
bsbese bsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cc cbcsbs
Present Ramu is driving a car. A car is being driven by Ramu. (singular)
ss spsContinuous
spsTense He isspselling
s books.sps ps are being
sBooks sps sold by him.
sps(plural) sps ss
eteiptip eteipti pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t eteipti teipti
csbes been told
ipti eteipti
besteyou. (singular) eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
Present Perfect c bc c bc
You have told a story. cbcsbs A storycbhas cbcsby cbcsbs cbcsbs
Tense He has posted the letters. The letters have been posted by him.

s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sps

esteipti(plural)
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb b
ccsb
Simple Past They informed the principal. The principal was informed by them.
Tense The clerk sent the parcels. (singular)
ss ss ss ss ss s ps tiptsips tsipsclerk. (plural)
tiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip ti pt i
bsbese The parcels bsbesewere sent esteipthe
bsbby bsbese b sbesteiptip
c c c c c cc cc cc cc c c
Past Continuous He was writing a letter. A letter was being written by him. (singular)
ss
eteiptip psipsTense psips
etei t
Hepwas
sips eating mangoes.
psips psiMangoes
ps were
psipbeing
s eaten
psipby
s him. (plural)
psips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs sbestei t
cbcPerfect
estei t
cbcsbRamu
ti t ti t
bcsbesae mail. cbcsbese A mailchad
tei t
bcsbesbeen cbcsby
it
beste etei t
cbcsbs cbcsbs
Past hadcsent sent Ramu. (singular)
Tense He had posted the letters. The letters had been posted by him. (plural)
ss ss teiptsips ps finishethe
teiptsishall s
teiptsipwork. sps s
teiptsipbe sips iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Simple eFuture eWe eteiptiThe work ewill eteiptby
finished us. bsbeste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cbcsbs
Tense He will write a poem. A poem will be written by him.

s
b esteiptsips s
b estNote:
eiptsip
s PresenttiptsPerfect
s
b es e ip
s Continuous,
s
b esteiptsips Past
sbesteiPerfect
ptsips Continuous,
s
b esteiptsips Future
s
b esteiptPerfect
sips Continuous
s
b esteiptsips andsbesFuture
teiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
continuous
cc do notb
c chave passive b
c cvoice b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss sips sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipthe following
Rewrite eteiptip sentence
eteiptto eteiptvoice.
the other eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. Rekha has forgotten the answer to the first question. (Active)
ss s
eiptsipanswer ptsipsfirst question ss teiptsips by sRekha. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etThe to
eteithe eteiptiphas been eforgotten eteiptip eteiptip (Passive)
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. The wall is being built by the mason. (Passive)
The mason is building the wall.ps (Active)
PART - II

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c3.c Some boys b
c c were helping b
c c the wounded b
c c man. c c b b
cc b
c c(Active) b
cc b
cc
The wounded man was being helped by some boys. (Passive)
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c4. Why didcyour brotherc write such ac letter?
c c c c c c c c c (Active)
c c c c c
Why was such a letter written by your brother? (Passive)
ss ss tiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss iptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeseking bycbthem.
csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c5.bcsbsHe was cmade cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcs(Passive) cbcsbs cbcsbs
They made him the king. (Active)
ss s
eiptsip the name sps heardteibyss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 6. etWas eteiptiever e ptipyou? bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
(Passive) eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Did you ever hear that name? (Active)

7. tThe
teiptsips eiptsip principal teihas
ptsipsannouncedteiptsipsthe results. (Active)
s teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es bsbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc c c The results c chave been announced
cc c c principal. c c
by the cc c c(Passive) c c cc

ss 8. They have bought a car. (Active)

esteiptip esti
e ptsips esti
e ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb b sb
A car hascbeen bought by
c b sb
c them.
c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb b sb
c (Passive) c
c bcsb c bcsb

9. They have made a mistake in sending away the experienced clerk. (Active)
ss ss teiptsips iptsips tiptsips ss teiptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbesbeen made bestethem in csending
bcsbese away the esteiptip csbes beste eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsA mistakecbhas cbcsby cbcsbexperienced
cbclerk. cbcs(Passive) cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. The students had been informed by the teacher about the special class. (Passive)
ss s
eiptsipteacher sps tsips sps special class.
ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etThe eteiptiinformed
had eteipstudents
the eteiptithe
about eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
(Active) eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
11. He can fix the fan in the proper place. (Active)

s
b esteiptsips s
bestThe
eiptsipfan can
s
s
betip
besefixed
tsips by him
s
b e
in
steiptthe
sips proper place.
sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips (Passive)
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
12. The students will do the practical exam tomorrow. (Active)

ss The practical exam will be donesby the students tomorrow. s s (Passive)

esteiptip e sti
e ptsips estei ptsips e stei ptips estei ptsips eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb
13. The books will be bought by us next week. cbcsb cbcsbs c bcsb bcsb
c (Passive) c bcsb c bcsb
We shall buy the books next week. (Active)
ss teiptsips tiptsips iptsips tsips ss ss iptsips ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesYou bcsbese to jump beste the wall esteipreach esteiptip side.bcsbesteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c14. are casked cbcsover cbcsbto cbcsbother
the c cbcs(Passive) cbcsbs cbcsbs
Jump over the wall to reach the other side. (Active)
ss s
eiptsip thebnote sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 15.etBring eteiptibook. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
(Active) eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Let the notebook be brought. / You are asked to bring the notebook. (Passive)

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss sipsthe other sips ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptipthe following
Rewrite eteiptip sentence
eteiptto eteiptvoice. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. My parents asked me to continue my studies. _______________________________________________
ss tsipsirritated ps behaviour
teiptsihis sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 2. etIeipam eby eteiptsometimes.eteiptip_______________________________________________
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. We have defeated our enemy. _______________________________________________

s
besteiptsips 4.
s
b estHe s
eiptsipwas given
s
b eate
s tsips bysthe
ipreward e
bs
sips
teiptking. s
b es
s
s
b steiptsips s
b steiptsips s
b steiptsips
teiptsip_______________________________________________
e e e s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
5. She will accept the offer given by her friend. _______________________________________________

ss 6. I offered
s s him ateipchair.
ss ss s _______________________________________________
s ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
7. Her house has been painted blue. _______________________________________________

8. Bring
ss
eteiptip e tiptsips a bottle
e e
ofps
tei twater.
ips ss
eteiptip e teiptsip_______________________________________________
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb
9.
s s
cbcb s cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
We called the doctor immediately to suggest some medicine. ____________________________________ cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 10. Why was she called stupid by you? _______________________________________________

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c11.s
b s s
bc We have cintroduced
bc b s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bc c bc c
several innovations in the design. __________________________________________bc c bc cbcsbs
12. Scientists are conducting tests on the new sky lab. ____________________________________________
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c13. b
c Giri was pointed
cc b
at by the b
c cteacher to answer
cc b
the question. b b
c c ______________________________________
cc cc b
cc b
cc
14. Let the window be opened. _______________________________________________
ss sips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 15.
bcsbestAeiptnew bridge
bcsbesacross riverbcs
is
besbeing built by
bcsbesworkers. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
____________________________________________ bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
16. They will test the new machine next week. _______________________________________________
ss teiptsipsbanks have ss sips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesThe eteiptip esteiptrate eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
bcsbese _______________________________________________ eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c17. cbcsbs increased
cbcsbthe of cinterest. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
18. The operation has been successfully performed by the doctors. __________________________________
ss s
teiptsipteam teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c19.
bcsbesOur will
cbcsbessurely wincbthe
csbesnext match.
cbcsbs _______________________________________________
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
20. What did he do to get such a good job? _______________________________________________

s
b esteiptsips 21.sbestInform
s
sbesteiptsipsabout the
eiptsip thebteacher sbes ptsipsof your ebook.
teiloss sb steiptsips_______________________________________________
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
22. She must send the application today. _______________________________________________
ss s
eiptsip can you ips
teiptsit? ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 23. estHow
bcsb bcsbesdo bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip_______________________________________________
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
24. Did you ask him the reason for his behaviour? _______________________________________________
ss 25. tYou ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptipare requested
eteiptipto callbcher.
eteiptip eteiptip_______________________________________________
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
26. Who would be asked by you? _______________________________________________

ss 27. Don’t s s tell lies. ss ss s _______________________________________________

s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
28. Which house had been built by you? _______________________________________________

29. Pass s sthe salt, please. _______________________________________________

s
b esteiptsips eteiptip
s
b s s
b s
ss
eteiptip sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc bc When was
c30. b b
c cthe book lentc to
c him by your b b b b
c cbrother? ______________________________________________
cc cc cc b
cc b
cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

PART - II 2. DIRECT
ss
eteiptip iptsips
ete
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip tAND
iptsips INDIRECT
tiptsips SPEECH
tiptsips tiptsips Marks ti:ptsi2ps ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs bsbese cc bsbese bsbese
cc bsbese cc bsbese cc cc cbcsbs
When we report the speech of other persons to any other persons we can do the reporting in two ways.
ss ss s the same
tsipuse s
tiptsipwords s
iptsipstructure tsipsspeaker s other way
tiptsipthe tiptsipissto use sour tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip One way is
tipto
bcsbese bcsbese
and tthe
bcsbese
oftipthe
bcsbese
and
bcsbese bcsbese
tipown
bcbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
words without changing meaning. c c c c c cbcsbs
The first way is called Direct Speech and the second way is called Indirect Speech. In the direct speech
PART - II

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipswe simply
s
b es ptsips what ethe
teiquote sb s
sips
teiptother person
sbes tsips So what
teipsaid. s
bes
sips
teiptthe b steiptsipssaid should
otherbsperson
e s
b es
sips
teiptbe within s
b steiptsips
inverted
e s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cc ccb ccb b
cc
commas.
• She said to me, “I visit my mother regularly.”
ss s
eiptsip Directbsspeech ss s
eiptsip parts sips ptsips ss teiptsipsinside sinvertedss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest c esteiptip has two
b bcsbestdistinct bcsbes–teiptone outside
bcsbesteiinverted bcsbesteiptipand the
commas bcsbeother
s bc esteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
commas. (She said to me,) (“I visit my mother regularly”)

ss
eteiptip tiptsipsCertainse
changes
t iptsips should tibe
ptsipmade
s whenps
t i tdirect
ips speech t iptsis
ipschangedestinto
iptsipsindirectsespeech.
tiptsips The schanges
eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb
es e depend s e
cbcbon the words s es e
cbcboutside invertedses e
cbcb commascand s es e
bcb the changes s e
cbcbare made in cbcthes e
b part which bestinside
cbcis cbcsbs
inverted commas.
ss s sThe changestiptsipare
s made in tiptthe
sipstense, person,
tiptsips wordssbedenoting
tiptsips timesbe(if
tipittsipissin the ssentence).
tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bc se bc se bcbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs The ctense c c c c
and the person inside inverted commas should be changed according to the tense and person
c c cbcsbs
outside inverted commas. If we have past tense outside and present tense inside, the present tense
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsshould sbe
bes ptsips
teichanged intoestpast
s
b
s
eiptsip tense.bThe
s
b es tsips changes
teipother s
b es
sips given in tthe
teiptare sbes
s
eiptsiptable bsbesteiptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc
Outside inverted commas Inside inverted commas Change
ss Past tense s s Present tense Past tense
esteiptip e ti
e ptsips teiptip ti
e ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb s Pastcbcsbes
tense c bcsbes Past
c bcsb
tense c bcsb bcsbsperfect tense
cPast cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
Past tense Present perfect Past perfect
ss ss psips ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Past btense
sbestei t eteiptip willbcsbesteiptip eteiptip would
bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
Past tense cbcsbs c
can cbcsbs ccould cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Past tense may might
ss ss ss ss iptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip csbesbe any change eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs If present
cbcsbs tense comes
cbcsbsoutside the
cbcsinverted cbcsbs there willcbnot
commas cbcsbs in the tense.
cbcsbsThere cbcsbs
will be changes in the person.

s
b esteiptsips s
be

steiptsipsThe following
sbesteiptsipstable gives
s
b esteiptthe
sips changesteiof
s
b es ptsipsome
s special
s
besteiptsiwords
ps which
s
b esteipare
tsips wordssof
e
b s
time
teiptsips , position
s
b esteiptand
sips
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc place.
b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Words Changes Words Changes
ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips sps day before ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip this bcsbesteiptipthat bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeyesterday
s bcsbesteiptithe bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
these those today that day
here there tonights that night
ss iptsips iptsips tiptsips ss iptsip iptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip e te e te then cbcsbese eteiptip e te e te beste eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
nowcbcb s cbcsbs s s s s
cbcbtomorrow cbcb the next cbcsday cbcsbs cbcsbs
ago before/earlier last week the week before
ss ss sips “I will meet ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip She said teiptme,
eto eteiptipyou tomorrow.”
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• ‘I’ stands for ‘she’ So I, the first person should be changed to third person because it stands for ‘she’.
• ‘you’ stands for ‘me’ So ‘you’ the second person should be changed to first person.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• ‘will s
bmeet’
es
s
teiptsipshould be
s
b es eiptsip
tchanged s
b steiptsipsmeet’. sbesteiptsips
tobs‘would
e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• ‘tomorrow’ should be changed to ‘the next day’.
• ‘said to’ may s be changed sto ‘told’.
ss ptsips s s s s s s s s ss s s ss
s esteiptip e stei esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bc b cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s s Study ss
Materials s sour Email
to s sId: [email protected]
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips www.Padasalai.Net
sbesteiptsips s
be steiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
www.CBSEtips.in sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc ccb ccb ccb ccb b
cc
DRILL BOOK PART - II 45
ss ss ptsips eiptsip
s teiptsips teiptsips introduce sps eiptsip
s ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Since bthis
csbesteisentence is
bcsa
bestdeclarative bor
csbesstatement we
bcsbesshould bcsbesteipt‘ithat ’ as link
bcsbestword. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The inverted commas should be removed. So the answer will be
ss ss s teiptsips meetsbeme ps next eday.
teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip She told eiptsipthat she
etme ewould teiptsithe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsHow to change
cbcsbs questions? cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
‘Yes / No’ questions and ‘Wh’ questions have different methods to change the direct speech into indirect
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip speech. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The teacher said to the boy, “Why do you come to school late always?”
spsIndirect speech should always be in statement form. So the questions should be changed into statement
sesteiptsips s esteipti s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b form before
b
cc b changingb
cc into
b indirectccspeech.
b b The statement
b
cc b formccwill
b b be b
cc b ccb b b
cc b
• ‘Why you come to school late always.”
ss s sNow it canteipbe
s schanged as follows.
ss Since its is
s a question, s‘said
s to’ may be
s schanged tto s‘asked’
s ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c • The
c teacher asked c the boy why c he came to cschool late always. c c c c
Note: This type does not have any link word. The ‘Wh’ word functions as link word.
ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsYes / Nocbtype: cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The teacher said to the girl, “Do you study your lessons regularly?”
ss s s Statement s form:
s ‘youtistudy
s s your lessons psipswell.’ esteiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eseptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs ‘Yes cbcsb/ sNo’ question
cbcsbhas c bc
the link word – whether cbcsbor if. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The teacher asked the girl whether she studied her lessons well.

sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b Imperative b
cc b sentence: b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
The imperative sentence begins with a verb and the verb should be changed into infinitive to change the
ss sentence
s s into indirect s s speech.teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c • Mother
c c said to her
c son, “Go tocyour uncle and
c c c collect the bills
c c from him.” c
c c c c c c
Mother asked her son to go to his uncle and collect the bills from him.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsExclamatory
cbcsbssentence:
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Exclamatory sentence should be changed into statement before changing into indirect speech.
ss
eteiptip eteiptsips• The tourist
iptsipssaid, “Howiptbeautiful
ete
sips
ete
the iTaj
ptsipMahal
s
ete
is!” ipts
ips iptsips
ete iptsips ete ete
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Statement form:
• The Taj Mahal is very beautiful.
s
b esteiptsips s
best s
eiptsip ‘said’
sbes
may
s
teiptsipbe changed
s
b es
sips
teiptto e
‘exclaimed.
s
b steiptsiItpshas thesbelink
s
ps
teiptsiword as s
b esteiptsips – ‘that’
statement s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
The tourist exclaimed that the Taj Mahal was very beautiful.
ss s ss teiptsips universal sips will notteiphave
ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestNote:
eiptsip Thebsentences
csbesteiptip which
bcsbesdenote bcsbesteipttruth b csbes tip anybcchange
s
b esteiptipin thebverb.
csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c teacher said,
• The c “The earth goes c around thec sun.” c c c c
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
ss ss iptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste and clink
bcsbeswords. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsReporting
cbcsverbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Direct verb Indirect verb Link word
ss ss iptsips ss tsips ss ss ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip besteStatement eteiptip eteipsaid eteiptip said eteiptip eteithat eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Assertive
cbcsor cbcsbs cbcsbs said to
cbcsbs cbcsbs
told
cbcsbs that
cbcsbs cbcsbs
said / told asked / enquired / ‘wh’ word is the
s esteiptsips s esteiInterrogatives
ptsips
s esteiptsip–sWh questions
s esteiptsips s es tsips to / told
teipsaid s es ptsips questioned
teito s esteiptsips s es ptsipsword esteiptsips
teilink esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b cbcsb b
ccsb

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

esteiptsips esteiptsips s s
eteiptip
s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs
Rewrite the following sentences into indirect speech.
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

ss 1. Mother said to sthe son, “I am going to meet your grandma so youshave to study yourself.” s s
esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptips esti
e ptsips esti
e ptsips estei ptsips estei ptips e steiptsips eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb Mother told
cbcsb csb was going
the son thatcbshe sbmeet his grandma
cbcto cbcsb bcsb to study himself.
so hechad cbcsb cbcsbs c bcsb
2. The manger said to the clerk, “When did you send all the letters?’
ss s
eiptsipmanager teiptsips the clerk ptsips he hadestsent s ss
eiptsip all thebsletters. ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etThe easked eteiwhen eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. The teacher said to the boy, “I have often told you to concentrate on studies.”
ss The s steacher told sthe
s boy thattip
hes had
s often ttold
iptsiphim
s to concentrate
tiptsips onsbstudies.
tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esetip bcsbese bcsbese bc ese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs c4.bcsbsThe managercbcsbs promised cbcsbthe c c c c
workers, “If you work after the working hours I will pay you extra
c cbcsbs
money.”
s
besteiptsips s
b estThe s
eiptsip manager
s
b es eiptsip
tpromiseds
thes
b esteiptsips thatsbifestthey
workers
s
eiptsip workeds
b esteiptsipsthe working
after s
b es
ps he would
teiptsihours s
b esteiptsipspay them
s
b es ptsips
teiextra s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
money.

ss 5. The s sfather said stos the daughter, s s “Whatteipare

s s you doing swith
s the broken s s doll?”teiptsips ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es tip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb The father bcsb
c asked the daughter
c bcsb b
what shecsb
c was doing withbcsb
c the brokencdoll.bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
6. The swami said to his disciple, “Fetch me some water from the nearby well.”
ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
sbestei t his disciple esteiptip waterbcfrom
eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsThe swami
cbcasked cbcsbs to fetch him
cbcsbsome c sbs the nearby
cbcsbwell. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. The mother said to her son, “Are you coming with me to the mall?”
ss s ss ss s ipsthe mall.esteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip etThe
eiptsipmother asked
eteiptipher son whether
eteiptip he wasetcoming
eiptsip with eher
teiptsto eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. Looking at the scenery the tourist said, “What a wonderful sight it is!”
Looking
sips at theteiscenery
sips the tourist sipsexclaimedteipthat
sips it was a twonderful sight. s s
esteiptsips e tei pt e pt e tei pt e t e i
e ptsips
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b c9.bcsbsThe littlecbboy
csbs said tochis s
bcsbfather, “Did
s
cbcsbAshwin take
s
cbcsbfive cbcsbs
wickets?” b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
The little boy asked his father whether Ashwin had taken five wickets.
ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss ss ss
esteiptip tei t estei Gita,
t etei t sbestei pay etei t
t for this etei t esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c10.
bcsbesShiela said
cbcsbto “How
cbcsbsmuch did
cbcyou cbcsbs dress?”cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Shiela asked Gita how much she had paid for that dress.
ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Self c-bcEvaluation
sbestei t cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss Rewrite
s sthe following
s s sentencessinto
s indirectsspeech
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti
p iptip eteiptip
beste are practicing tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsThe students bcsbeHeadmaster,
cbcsbsinformed cthe cbcs“We bcsbese
cbcsbs for the ctournament.” cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
______________________________________________________________________________________
teiptsips ete iptsips t iptsips ete iptsips
ete ete iptsips
ete ete iptsips
ete iptsips iptsips iptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es bcsbese“I have posted
c2.bcsbsThe clerkcsaid, cbcsbs all the letters.”
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsbes
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 5. Gopu said to Kannan, “I saw our teacher yesterday near thes church.”
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs
cbc ______________________________________________________________________________________ cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. The host said to me, “Do you like coffee?”
s
besteiptsips s
b es eiptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
t______________________________________________________________________________________ s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
7. Mother said to her son, “Did you meet your grandma?”
ss s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest______________________________________________________________________________________
eiptsip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
8. The Principal said to the teachers, “Will you come one hour early tomorrow to complete the preparation for
sports day?”
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs______________________________________________________________________________________
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. The teacher said to the students, “Have you completed English home work?”
ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip et______________________________________________________________________________________
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. I said to my father, “Shall I join the summer tour to Ooty?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc bc The doctor
c11. b b
c csaid to the patient,
cc b b
c you go to cbed
“Whencdo c usually?” c cb b
cc b
cc b
cc
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss s
eiptsipsaid tobsthe tsips ss s
teiptsipme s
teiptsipchair?” ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 12.
bcsbestShe c esteipcarpenter,
b bcsbesteiptip will you
“When bcsbegive
s table
bcsbeand
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss s
eiptsipshop keeper
13. etThe sps to the tboy,ss sps ips need now?”
teiptsyou ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptisaid e eiptip “Howbmany
eteiptinotebooksedo eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs______________________________________________________________________________________
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 14. Hessaid to her, “What do you want?”

eteiptip e teiptips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s sb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbc ______________________________________________________________________________________
cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs
15. He said to Gopal, “Where did Kumar go yesterday?”
s
b esteiptsips s
bes eiptsip
s
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
t______________________________________________________________________________________ s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
16. He said to the boys, “Take off your hat and run.”
ss ______________________________________________________________________________________
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c
17. The stranger said to the man, “Please tell me how to go to the railway station.”
c c c
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss teiptsips tiptsips ptsips sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesThe bcsbese said to sbestei “Invest steipti in my
bcsbemoney esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c18. bankcmanger cbcme, cthe cbcsbbank.” cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss s
eiptsip he met
s
eiptsipfriend in ss ptsips a pleasant ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 19. etWhen ethis eteiptip he said,
Mumbai etei“What eteiptipsurprise!”
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
______________________________________________________________________________________
20. tShe
eiptsipsaid, “What teiptasippity
s to losetipsuch
teiptsips etsip a good tpen!”
s s s teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es eiptsip b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
bes bsbes
cc c c ______________________________________________________________________________________
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ps They are the full stop or pperiod, question mark, exclamation mark /ppoint, comma,ps semicolon, colon,
eteiptip e tei tips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e tei tips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s dash, csb s
cbhyphen, sb s
parentheses,
cbc sb
brackets, s s
cbc braces, apostrophe,
cbc b s sb
quotations
cbc marks, and cbc ellipsis. cbcsbs
s
b s cbcsbs
Following their correct usage will make our writing easier to read and more appealing.
PART - II

s
besteiptsips s
b e
steiptsipsSentence
s
b es tsips
teipEndings the
s
b es
s
s
b esteiptsips(.) is placed
eiptsipstop /bperiod
tfull s
bes
psthe end eofteipdeclarative
teiptsiat s
b s tsips sb steiptsips statements
sentences,
e s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
thought to be complete and after many abbreviations.
• As a sentence ender: Jane and Jack went to the market.
ss s s sips tsipsson, John tsips Jr., was tsips on Dec. s
ptsip2008. ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb ti pti p
ese • After bcsb teiptabbreviation:
ean
s bcsbesteipHer bcsbesteipJones b csbesteipborn bcsbestei6, bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Use a question mark (?) to indicate a direct question when placed at the end of a sentence.
ss
eteiptip etei t psips• When did
ti t psipJane
ti ts leave for psipthe
ti t s market?psips
etei t etei t psips
estei t etei tpsips psips psips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbese
cbcsbs The cexclamation bcsbese/ pointc(!)
cmark bcsbesiseused when
cbcsbas person wants
cbcsbsto express
cbcasbsudden cbcsbsor add
outcry cbcsbs
emphasis.
ss ss sips s
psipcow!” psips Jane. esteiptsips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • Within apdialogue:
sbestei t
“Holy
sbestei t
screamed
sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bcsb
• To emphasize a point: My mothers-in-law pranks make me furious! c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Comma, Semicolon, and Colon
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Thesbcomma,
esteiptsips semicolon,
s
b es
s
teiptsipand colon
s
b es ptsipsoften misused
teiare s
b esteiptsipsbecause
s
b estthey s
eiptsip all cansb steiptsips a pause
indicate
e s
b es tsipsa
teipin s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
series.
• The comma is used to show a separation of ideas or elements within the structure of a sentence.
ss s s ss ss teiptsips and letter sips aftertethe ss s
eiptsip closing. ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb t
esei pt i p
bcsbesteiptip it is bused
Additionally,
csbesteipintipnumbers,
bcsbesdates, bcsbesteiptwriting bcsbesiptipsalutation
bcsbestand bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• Direct address: Thanks for all your help, John.
• Separating lists or elements within sentences: Suzi wanted the black, green, and blue dress.
ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese esteiptipto connect
eteiptip esteiptip It shows
eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs The csemicolon (;)cb
iscsbused cbcsbsindependent
cbcsbclauses. cbcsbs a closercrelationship cbcsbs the
between cbcsbs
clauses than a full stop would show.
ss • John wasshurt; he knewspshe only said sitpsto upset him.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teipti s pi
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc A colon s
b s
cbc (:) has three sb s
cbc main uses.cb c c bc c bc c bc
The first is after a word introducing a quotation, an explanation, an c bc cbcsbs
example, or a series.

e teiptsips e teiptsips• He wasteipplanning

tsips to study
teiptsipsfour subjects:
teiptsipspolitics, philosophy,
teiptsips sociology,
teiptsips and economics.
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s cbcsbs bcsbes e
cbcsbsindependent
es
cbcsbclauses bes
cbcsthe bcsbes es
cbcsbsimilar bcsbes b
ccsbes
The csecond is between when second c
explains the first, to a csemicolon:
• I didn’t have time to get changed: I was already late.
ss ss s
eiptsipof a colon ps emphasis:
eiptsifor ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip The third
bcsbestuse bcsbestis bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• There was one thing she loved more than any other: her dog.

ss A colon also shas non-grammatical uses instime, ratio, business correspondence and references.
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb Dash s s
b the Hyphen
cbcand s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcbs
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Two other common punctuation marks are the dash and hyphen. These marks are often confused
with each
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip tiptsipother
s due to
beste
ipttheir
sips appearance s sbut they tare
esteiptip e eiptip
s very
s different. ptsips
sbesteicommon tiptsips eteiptip
ss ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • bcsbeseis used ctobcsseparate
Acdash cbcsbinto
words cbcsbs There are
statements. cbctwo bcsbeseof dashes:
ctypes cbcsbens dash cbcsbs
and em dash.
En dash:
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• sbesteiptsiTwice
ps as long
s
b esteiptsias
psa hyphen,
sbesteiptthe
sips en dash tiseiptasipsymbol
sbes
s
s
(--)ipthat
bestetsips is used sbe
iniptwriting
ste sips orsbprinting
e steiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc toc indicate
b c a range,
c c connections
b c cor differentiations,
b c c such as c1880-1945
b bc or Princeton-New
ccb cYork
bc trains. b
cc
• Em dash: Longer than the en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma, parenthesis, or
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b e
steiptsipsSquiresbBrackets
esteiptsips aresthe
bes tsips
teipsquared offsbesteiptsips ([])sb
notations used
e s
ps technical
teiptsifor s
bes ptsips
teiexplanations
s
b es
sipsclarify meaning.
teiptto
or s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc
If you remove the information in the brackets, the sentence will still make sense.
• He [Mr. Jones] was the last person seen at the house.
ss teiptsipsDoublesbesBrackets
teiptsips ss sips ss ss sps ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bc /bcsbesteiptip ({})bcsb
Braces esteiptused
are to bc besteiptiptwo orbcsmore
contain
s esteiptiplines ofbcsb
b esteiptior
text listedbc besteiptipto
items
s bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
show that they are considered as a unit. They are not commonplace in most writing but can be seen in
computer programming to show what should be containedswithin the same lines. They can also be used
ss iptsipsin mathematical
iptsips expressions.
iptsipsFor example,
iptsips2{1+[23-3]}=x
iptsip . iptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Brackets / Parentheses ( () ) are curved notations used to contain further thoughts or qualifying
ss remarks. However, parentheses can bepreplaced by commas without changing theps meaning in most
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cases.
cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
• John and Jane (who were actually half brother and sister) both have red hair.

s
besteiptsips s
b e
steiptsipsApostrophe,
s
b esteiptsipsQuotation
s
b es
sips
teiptMarks and
sbes eiptsip
s
tEllipsis s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
he final three punctuation forms in English grammar are the apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis.
T
Unlike previously mentioned grammatical marks, they are not related to one another in any form.
ss teiptsipsAn apostrophe ss s
teiptsipto tsipsomission s teiptsips from sabesword,
eiptsiap letter borsbesletters teiptsipsthe possessive ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip (‘) bis
csbeused
s indicate
bcsbesteip
the bcsbestof c bc bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
case, or the plurals of lowercase letters. Examples of the apostrophe in use include:

ss Omission of letters from a word:sps

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips eteipti
ss
eteiptip ptsips
sbesteionly teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s • I’ves s
cbcbseen that moviecbcsbsseveral times.
cbcsbsShe wasn’t
cbcthe onecbcsbes knew thecbanswer.
who csbes cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Possessive case: Sara’s dog bit the neighbour.
ss s s for lowercase
Plural s sletters: Six ps
psipeople weretip tsipsto mind
told tiptsipsp’s andsbq’s.
their tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t bcsbese bcsbese bc ese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Quotations
cbcsbs marks cbc(“ c c c c
“) are a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to mark the beginning and end
c cbcsbs
of a passage attributed to another and repeated word for word. They are also used to indicate meanings
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsipsand to sindicate
e
b steiptsips the unusual
s
b esteiptsipors dubious
s
b es ptsips of a word.
teistatus s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• “Don’t go outside,” she said.
sSingle quotation marks (‘s‘) are used most frequently for quotes within quotes.
ss ptsip ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsips ptsips teiptsips the fight,’ sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e • Marie
bcsbestei
told the bcsbe
teacher,stei “I saw Marc
bcsbestei
at the bcsbest
playground,
i
e and hebcsbest
saidei to me ‘Bill
bcsbestarted
s bcsbesteiptand bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
I believed him.”

ss s sThe ellipsis s iss most commonly

s s represented by three sfull
s stops (. .s .s ) althoughps it is occasionally
eteiptip eteiptip demonstrated
eteiptip with three
eteiptip tiptsips eteiptip eteiptip tei tips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbeseThe ellipsis
cbcsbs asterisksc(***). cbcsbiss used in writing
cbcsbs or printing besindicate
cbcsto an csbes
cbomission, cbcsbs
especially of letters or words. Ellipses are frequently used within quotations to jump from one phrase to
ss another, omitting unnecessary words thatsp do not interfere with the meaning. Studentsspwriting research
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs papers s s
cbcor newspapers
b s s
cbc quoting parts
b s s
cbcof speechescwill
b s s
bc often employ
b s
b s s
cbc ellipsis to avoid s cbcbs text
cbc copying lengthy
b s cbcsbs
that is not needed.

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsOmissions
b esteipof
tsipwords:
s
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc to count,
She cbegan b b
c c“One, two, three,
c c four…” until b
c cshe got to 10, b
c c then went to b
c cfind him. b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

sipsThe “ . “ symbol sips is calledteiptsips A full stop a periods s

PART - II

e teiptsips e tei pt e tei pt teiptsips teiptsips teiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips

b
cc s
b s cbcsbs The c“b!csb bcsbes
“ ssymbol is ccalled an
b
cc s
b es
exclamation b
cc ses
mark
b an
b
cc ses
exclamation
b s e
point
b
cc b s b
cc s
bes b
cc s
bes
The “ ( ) “ symbols are called brackets parentheses
ss s sThe “ [ ] “teipsymbols
ss are called ss square sbrackets
s ss brackets
iptsips ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip es tip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ete esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Exercise with Answer
ss tiptsips psips psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cPunctuate bc bc
the following sentences.
c c c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. surely he could reach them without flying if he could only move northwards along the cliff face
ss s
eiptsipthen bon teiptsips couldsbhe sips there twas ss sips he wasteipnot
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etbut ewhat eteiptwalk e eiptip no ledge,
eteiptand e tip a flybcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
Surely he could reach them without flying if he could only move northwards along the cliff face? But then,
on what could he walk? There was no ledge, and he was not a fly.
teiptsips tiptsips
ee se tiptsips
ee tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes bcsbecried,
c2.bcsbsgagaga che begging bcsbese him over
cbcsbs her tocbring
ee
cbcsbssome food
ese
cbcsbgawlool ah ese screamed
she
cbcsb
ee
cbcsbsback b
cc s
b es
mockingly
ss ‘Ga, s sga, ga,’ heteicried,
s s beggingteip
her
s sto bring him sover
s some food. s s‘Gawl-ool-ah,’ s sshe screamed s sback mockingly.ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c3. i tiptoedcto Hermans croom psst hissed c c shaking him
in the dark c awp he said c in the lowchopeless c
tone of a despondent beagle he always half suspected that something would get him in the
ss night
ss iptsips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsI tiptoed ctobcsHerman’s c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
room. ‘Psst!’ I hissed, in the dark, shaking him. ‘Awp’, he said, in the low, hopeless tone cbcsbs
of a despondent beagle – he always half suspected that something would ‘get him’ in the night.
ss eiptsip
s sps sps iptsips ps
teiptsigreen tiptsips psips iptsips ss
eteiptip 4. etnothing steipti gruffly
he esaid
bcsbesteiptihe was
but
bcsin
bestecolour acblight
csbes
what
bcsbese was all sbestei trunning
bcthat bcsaround
beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsdownstairscbcsbsaid c
mother
c c c c cbcsbs
‘Nothing,’ he said, gruffly, but he was, in colour, a light green. ‘What was all that running around downstairs?’
s
b esteiptsips s
bes
s
eiptsip mother.
tsaid sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
5. dont either of you go a step said mother well call the police
ss ‘Don’t
s s either ofteipyou
s sgo a step,’ said
s s mother. t‘We’ll
s s call the police.’
ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c6. a heavycpoliceman bounded c c steps whocare you he demanded
up the c c here said.c
i live c
A heavy policeman bounded up the steps. ‘Who are you?’ he demanded. ‘I live here,’ I said.
ss ss sips ss ss tiptsips tiptsips ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip steiptyour
bcsbeat eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese tea ichave
bcsbesebiscuits sbestei savouries eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c7.bcsbsto have ctea shop
cbcsbssaid aditya
cbcsbcertainly cbesides cbcand cbcsbs cbcsbs
‘To have tea at your shop,’ said Aditya. ‘Certainly, besides tea, I have biscuits and savouries.’
ss 8. tit sips become sips spsso adityateipreplied
tsips iptsips seemed s tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e eipthas eteiptessential totedo
sipti
csbedo bcsbes
his tnerves
bcsbese
tiptsipoverwrought
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs‘It has become
cbcsbs essentialcbto c c c
so,’ Aditya replied. His nerves seemed overwrought. c cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. what is it he asked money money how much money one hundred and fifty rupees he has said
s
b esteiptsips s
b est
that
s
eiptsip he will
s
b ebe
s
ps
teiptsihappy ifsbyou
es
ps
teiptsiaccept it
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
‘What is it?’ he asked. ‘Money’. ‘Money?How much money?’ ‘One hundred and fifty rupees. He has said that
he will be happy if s you accept it.’ s
ss tiptsips tiptsip tiptsip tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
esteiptip ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb

ss Pleases s Send tYour

13. hows is it you pretend to be s Frenchmen and yet you can neither speak nor write your own
ss iptsip iptsips iptsip iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip e te
language e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
‘How is it; you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’
ss s
eiptsip notbsoften ss s
ptsipwater sips tiptsips of learning
tiptsips your slessons
tiptsips and sb tiptsipsi ss
eteiptip 14.ethavei esteiptipsent byou
sbestei to my tiptflowers
bcsbese
instead
bcsbese bcsbese bcbese
when
bc ese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbswanted cto cbgo c c c
fishing did I not just give you a holiday c c c c cbcsbs
“Have I not often sent you to water my flowers instead of learning your lessons? And when I wanted to go
s
besteiptsips s
b estfishing,s
eiptsip didbsIbenot
s
ps give you
teiptsijust s
b es
s
teipatsipholiday?”
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
15. but why i want to help you i said certainly watson but it is for your own sake
ss s
eiptsip why?bIsbwant ss ss ss s
eiptsipit is forbyour sips sake.” teiptsips ss ss
esteiptip est“But esteiptipto helpbcyou,”
esteiptIipsaid. “Certainly,
esteiptip Watson, estbut esteiptown e esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c c c sb c bcsb c bcsb c csb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
16. good heavens holmes do you think this can stop me i said advancing towards him

ss “Good heavens, Holmes! Do yous think this cansstop me?” I said advancing s towards him. s s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptips pip
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c17.s s
bcb holmesicsaid s s
bcb you arecnot s s s
bcb yourselfcwhether
bcb s c bcsbs c bcsb s c bc
you like it or not i will examine your symptoms and c bc cbcsbs
treat you
ss eiptsip
s ss sips ss s
tsipnot. eiptsip
s
eiptsip
s ptsips ss
eteiptip et“Holmes,” eteiptip“you are
I said, eteiptyourself
not eteiptip you like
whether eitteipor I will
etexamine youretsymptoms eteitreat
and eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
you.”

18. how ignorant you are watson he said with a groan what do you know about Tarpaunli feversp or
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteipti s s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b the blackb
ccFormosa
b plague
ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
“How ignorant you are! Watson!” he said with a groan. “What do you know about Tarpaunli fever or the black
ss
esteiptip ee tFormosa
iptsips plague?”
tiptsips
ee tiptsips ee tiptsips tiptsips
ee tiptsips
ee tiptsips eetiptsips ee ee
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
19. i will bring drainstree then i said going towards the door
“I will bring Dr. Ainstree then,” I said going towards the door. s
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c20.s s
bcb put it down s s
cbcb down at conce s s
bcb watsoncb csb s bcsb bcsb bcsb
he said i hate to have my things touched sit down man and
c c c c bcsb cbcsbs
let me have my rest
ss s
eiptsip it down! tiptsipsat once, teiptsips hessaid, spshate to have ss eiptsip
s Sit down ss ps
teiptsime ss
eteiptip et“Put Down
bcsbese eWatson,” eteipti“I eteiptipmy things
ettouched. eteiptipman, andelet eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbshave my crest!” cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

21. how
s sis he asked
s inspector morton he is very
s s ill i answered
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptip s
b e
s
steiptip ss
s
b esteiptip s
b es
ss
teiptip sbesteiptip s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c c “How is he?”
b c c asked Inspector
b c c Morton.“He
b c c is very ill,” cI canswered. c c
b b b b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b est“O father,”
eiptsip
s saidip
s
b esteMiranda,
tsips in a strange
sbesteiptsips surprise,
s
b esteiptsip“surely
s that iis
s
besteptsipasspirit.” sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb ccb ccb cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc
25. i love you father she said take care of yourself tell my brother i said goodbye
“I love you, Father,” she said. “Take care of yourself. Tell my brother I said goodbye.”
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c
Self - Evaluation
c c c c c c c c

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip thebcsfollowing
Punctuate eteiptip sentences.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. theres something down there i said instantly the steps began again circled the dining room table like a man
ss running
sps and started
sps up the stairs
spstowards us heavily
sps two at asptime
s sps sps sps ss
eteiptip eteipti tipti
bcsbesae hoarse cvoice
tipti
bcsbesewere men
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t eteipti eteipti eteipti eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsopen up ccried cbcfrom bc
headquarters
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. were you not a good student i asked yes but my position was always second he replied.
e teiptsips iptsips
ete iptsips
este he said bin iptsips
esteunperturbedete iptsips
ete iptsips
este come inbcome
ete iptsipsete iptsips iptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b s c4.bcsbsno one visits
cbcsbme c csban cbcsbs manner would
cbcsbs you mind
cbcifsbwe c csbs in cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
5. i have cerebral palsy and i cant physically type as fast as i think or anywhere near but right now thats what
ss im
psipdoing
s i bet yourepsips wondering psiphow
s psips psips psips psips psips ss
esteiptip etei t tei t
bcsbesmy
it
besteis the last sbestei t tei t etei t
csbesyou the order
tei t ti t
bcsbeseonly
csbes berlin tocteach esteiptip
c bcsb c6.bcsbsm hamel csaid cbcsthis
children cbclesson i shallcb
give cbcsbshas comecb
from c bcsb
german in the schools of alsace and lorraine.
ss s
eiptsipdear fellow sips approachingss sps stand trightss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip 7. etmy eteip
i tcried eteiptip himbstand
eteiptiback e eiptip back bheecried eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. do you remember aditya narayan chowdhury aditya asked him of course said the the gentleman the spoilt
child of affluent parents
ss teiptsips teiptsips ss ss psips ptsips ss teiptsips ss
eteiptip e csbesmy gun back esteiptip esteiptip sbestei t cop yeh sbestei joe eteiptip csbes them eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
c9.bc i m gonnacbget cbcsbfrom cbcsbbird
that old said the
cbczither cbcsaid cbcsbswho else ci btold
you and cbcsbs
i would bring it to the station house the next day

s
b esteiptsips s
b s
s
eiptsip you come
10. ethave
s
b es tsips Holmes
teipfrom s
b es ptsipsis he heesasked
teihow s
b teiptsips he is svery
e
b s
s is whytipitsihave
teiptillsipthat s
b es
s
e p come s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
11. silence said the father one word more will make me chide you girl

ss 12. come on young man said prospero to the prince you have no power to disobey me
esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptsips estei ptsips estei ptsips esti
e ptsips estei ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb b sb b sb
c13. its somuscthoughtless ways
c c b sb
c that reduce
c bcsb b sb
c me to tears cmrs krishnan said
c b sb
c irritably c
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
14. what else can be done said her father your brother is a child he cannot go
ss s
eiptsipmy daughter sips s
eiptsip you cannot sps iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 15. etno eteiptsaid etman
thebold eteiptido this bsbeste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
16. let not thine eyes be blinded my son she said the mountain road is full of dangers
ss iptsips you getting
17. tarent s resulttipfrom
tiptsipsome tsips the moon psany rateetnot
tiptsiat s mr bennett
iptsipyet tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbse bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c18. c c c c c
i am glad they are so strong he said to himself if they gave way what would become of us
c cbcsbs cbcsbs
19. whats
teiptsips tei ptsips the matter
tei ptsiphe
s called aretei ptsiyou
ps
hurt im keeping
ti
e ptsips the water
tei ptsipsback peterteipyelled
tsips tell them
teiptsiptos come quickly
teiptsips teiptsips
s
b es s
b es s
b es s
b es sbes sbes s
b es sbes s
bes sbes
b
cc c20.
bc if you sit cdown bc said miranda c c i will carry
b c cyour logs thec while
b bc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Duesbto
esteihis s worktihe
ptsiphard
sbes
s
eptsipgot a good
s
b es ptsips
teijob. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Because of the c
bc
darkness
bc the way. c c
they clost
b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• In case of trouble, call me.
ss eiptsip
s teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestCompound bcsbeSentence
s bcsbesteiptip
Structure bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semi-colon. Each
ss of sthese
s clauses could
sps form ateip
sentence alone.
eteiptip eteiptip steipti andcbMary tsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbecoffee
• I clike csbes likes tea.cbcsbes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Mary went to work but John went to the party.
ss s s• Our carteipbroke
tsips down; wes came
s last. tipts s sps psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes coordinating eteiptip e e ip steipti
csbenor, sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsThere arecbseven cbcsbs conjunctions:
cbcsbsand, but,cbor, c bc
for, yet and so cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

Complex Sentence Structures s

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptip sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c c A complex
b c c sentence cconsists
b bc of ancindependent
bc cclause
bc plus a dependent
b
cc clause.
c c (A dependent
b c c clause
b b
cc
starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not
ss express
sps a completespsthought.) sps sps sps sps sps sps ss
esteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs • We bs
cbcsmissed our c bcsbs because cwe
plane s late. cbcsbs
bcsbwere cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
• Our dog barks when she hears a noise.
ss s s• He leftteiinsashurry after he
s sgot a phone scall.
s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es ptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcs
• Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?b c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once,
ss s ss ptsips when, ewhere,
teiptsips whether, tsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etsince,
eiptsip than, that,
eteiptipthough, till,
eteiuntil, eteipwhile eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsHere are cthe
bcsbs cbcsbs pronouns:
five basic relative
s
cbcsbthat, sbs
cbcwho,
which,
bcsbs
whom,cwhose cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
In order to transform a simple sentence into a complex sentence, we have to expand a word or phrase
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsinto a subordinate
s
b esteiptsips clause.
s
b es
sips
teiptStudy the s
b steiptsips givensbebelow.
example
e steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.
This is a simple sentence because it consists of just one clause.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c1.c Knocking
b c cat the gate,c he
b bc demanded c c admission.
b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
He knocked at the door and demanded admission. (compound)
ss s ss tsipsdemanded tsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestWhen
eiptsip he knocked
bcsbesteiptipat the bdoor,
csbesteiphe bcsbesteipadmission.
bcsbe(complex)
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. Blinded by a dust storm, they lost their way.
They were blinded by a dust storm so they lost their way. (compound)
ss ss ss iptsips s
teiptsiptheir teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t eteiptip beste storm cthey eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsAs they were
cbcsbsblinded bycbacsdust bcsbeslost cway.
bcsbes(complex) cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Deceived by his friends, he lost all hope.
ss Heswas s deceived
teiptsiby
ps his friends psiand
ps he lostetall
psihope.
ps (compound) psips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes sbestei t sbsei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsAs he wascbdeceived c bc c bc c
by his friend he lost all hope. (complex) bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. Driven by hunger, he stole a piece of bread.
s
besteiptsips s
b estHe s
eiptsipwas driven
s
b este
by
s
iptsiphunger so
s
b ehe
s
ps
teiptsistole a piece
sbes
s
tsipbread.
teipof sb steiptsips
(compound)
e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Because he was driven hunger he stole a piece of bread. (complex)
ss 5. The s ssea being smooth,
ss wetipwent
s s for a sail. ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesetip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c The sea wasc smooth socwe went for acsail. (compound) c c c c c
As the sea was smooth we went for a sail. (complex)
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChange
bcsbese the simple
cbcsbs sentences
cbcsbsinto complex.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. He confessed his crime. (simple sentence)
ss Hesconfessed
s thats hes was guilty.
tiptsip(complex
s sentence
tiptsips – ‘his ticrime’
ptsips to a clause)
tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsHe boughtcbcsbhis c c
uncle’s factory. (simple sentence)
c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
He bought the factory that belonged to his uncle. (noun phrase ‘his uncle’s factory’ into the adjective clause
s
b esteiptsips s
best‘that s
eiptsip belonged
sbes
s
ptsiphis
teito uncle’.)
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
3. He worked hard to pass the test. (simple sentence)
ss Hesworked
s hardpthat s s he might pass
s s the test.teip(complex
ss sentence) ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c4. Only Hindus c can enter c this temple. c (simple sentence)
c c c c c
If you are not a Hindu, you cannot enter this temple. (complex sentence)
ss ss ss ss iptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Lincolneteiptip besteschool. c(simple
bcsbese sentence) eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c5.bcsbsIn his childhood,
cbcsbs cbcsbsdid not go
cbcsto cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
When he was a child, Lincoln did not go to school. (complex sentence)
ss 6. tOn ss sips the hunter psips climbed sipsa tree. (simplepsips sentence) psips ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptipseeingbcsthe iptlion,
beste sbestei t
pup
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsWhen hecsaw c bc c bc c bc
the lion, the hunter climbed up a tree. (complex sentence) c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. In spite of the inflation, the standard of living has gone up. (simple sentence)
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsip
Although
s
there
s
b esteip
is
s
tsipinflation,sbe
the
s
sips
teiptstandard of
s
b e teiptsipshas gone
living
s s
b es ptsips
teiup. (complex
s
b es eiptsip
s
tsentence) s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipthe following
Change eteiptip as directed.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. In spite of his best trial he did not succeed. (change to compound and complex)
ss He tried his best, but he did not succeed. (compound)
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc Though he sb s
cbctried his bestcbhe sb s cbcsbs (complex)
c did not succeed. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. The clown entered the circus ring and the children started clapping. (change to simple and
s
besteiptsips s
b es eiptsip
tcomplex)s
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c Due to the b b
c centry of the cclown
c ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
in the circus ring the children started clapping (simple)
When the clown entered the circus ring the children started clapping. (complex)
ss s
eiptsip carebsof
s
eiptsip pencebsand sps tsips ss ss iptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 3.bcsbestTake c estthe
b c esteiptithe
b bcs
poundsbesteipwill takebcsbesteiptipof themselves.
care bcsbesteiptip (change
bcsbesteto complex)
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
If you take care of the pence the pounds will take care of themselves.
ss s
eiptsip havebto
s
eiptsip or you iptsipsmiss the ptsips (change s
ptsipsimple iptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip 4. etYou
csbes
thurry twill
bcsbese
tibus.
bcsbese
tito
bcsbese
andtcomplex)
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsYou havecto c c
hurry in order not to miss the bus. (simple)
c c c cbcsbs cbcsbs
Unless you hurry you will miss the bus. (complex)
ss ss ss ss ss iptsips ss iptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip the esteiptip the wareteiptip beste (change eteiptip beste complex) eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c5.bcsbsIn spitecof
bcsbwinning cbcsbbattle cbcsbsis not yet
cbcsover. cbcsbtos compound
cbcsand cbcsbs cbcsbs
The battle has been won but the war is not over yet. (compound)

s
besteiptsips s
b estThough
eiptsip
s the battle
s
b esteiptsiphas
s been won
s
b esteiptsipthe
s war is tnot
s
b es eiptsip
yet
s over. (complex)
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c6.c The country b
c c has made b
c chuge progress, b
c c but we cstill bc have a long b
c c way to go. b b
c c(change to csimple
c b
cc
and
complex)
ss s
eiptsip thebshuge ss ptsipscountry e sips a long tway ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestDespite c esteiptipprogress
b bcsof
besteithe bcsbwe
steipthave
bcsbeseiptipto go.bc(simple)
s
b esteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Though the country has made huge progress we still have a long way to go. (complex)

ss 7. You should be 18 to vote. (change to compound and complex)

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb You havecto s s
bcbbe 18 yearscbold s s
cb or you cannot s s cbcsbs
cbcb vote. (compound) cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Unless you are 18 years old you cannot vote. (complex)
ss eiptsip
s is curabless ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 8. etLeprosy eteiptip andbcseverybody
eteiptip eteiptipthis. (change
knows eteiptipto complex)
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Everybody knows that leprosy is curable. (complex)
9. The magician from Turkey has performed all over thespworld. (change to compound and complex)
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteipti s s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b c c He is a magician
b b b
cc b from Turkey
c c and he has
b b c c performed callcover the world.
b b b b c c (compound)
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
He is a magician from Turkey who has performed all over the world. (complex)
ss s
eiptsipfinishing
s
eiptsiphomework
s sip boy went s
s s
teiptsip to compound ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 10.
bcsbestOn bcsbesthis bcsbesteiptthe bcsbesteiptipto play.
bcsb
(change
es bcsbesteiptip andbccomplex)
sbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The boy finished his homework and went to play. (compound)
After the boy finished his homework he went to play. (complex)
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
ss Rewrite ss ss iptsips tsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipthe following
esteiptip Simple tSentences
bcsbese
astip
bcsbese
Compound Sentences:
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsThe old man
cbcsbbeing c c
weak could not walk properly. c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. His father in spite of being poor is a contented man.
esteiptsips 3. etShe
ss
eiptipmust work
eteiphard
ss
tip to bessuccessful
eteiptip
ss
in the ptip ss
eteiptip
eteiexamination.
ss
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
4. Our teacher is popular among students for his diligence.
5. But for his faults he would have progressed immensely.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c2.c Unless hec works
b bc hard, he
c ccannot passcthe
b bc examination. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
3. However hard work she may do she cannot pass the examination.
ss 4. s
eiptsipis surebsthat sipshas stolenteipher
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestShe c esteipthe
b bcsbes tip purse.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c5. As the shopkeeperc c with everyc customer, nobody
quarrels c likes him.c c c c

Rewrite s
the followings Compound Sentences assComplex Sentences:
ss s s s teiptsip s ptsip tiptsip ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesthen sbestei to him. cbcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsLet me reach
cbcsbsmy office cand I shall
cbctalk cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
ss 3. tThe s sthief saw tthe spolice
s man, teipso
tsipshe ran saway. ss psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip e eiptip bcsbescannot esteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c4.bcsbsShe is feeling
cbcsbsunwell socshe c bc b c bc
attend her office today. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. The child felt hungry, so he started weeping.
teiptsips iptsips
t t iptsips
ete eteiptsips sbeste iptsips
ete iptsips iptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes bcsbese the cfollowing
cRewrite bcsbese Complex
cbcsbs sentences
cbcsbsas Simple
cbcsentences cbcsbs b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es
1. Women who are pious are always respected by all.
ss 2. I do s snot know tthe s way
s whichtipleads
s s to the house. ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesetip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c3. The guestc who sat in the
c c c room could not
c c hear the voice.
c c c c c c c c c c c
4. She hoped that she would be successful in the examination.
ss 5. etAe sips who is tfair
iptman ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptipin his dealing
eteiptipis always etrusted. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
*****

ss psips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sbestei t bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcPART - II cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c
5. JUMBLED SENTENCES Marks : 2

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsip s
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Exercise with Answer
ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip ti t
Rearrange
bcsbese
it
csbes
tei t order to
beste into bcorrect
thebcswords tei t
bcsbesmake
ti t sentence.
meaningful
bcsbese
ti t
bcsbese bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
1. to / went / school / meet / teacher / he / his /to
ss s ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etHe
eiptsipwent tobsschool
eteiptipto meet his
eteipteacher. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. to / Martin / music / listening / now / is
Martin is listening to music now. s
ss teiptsips teiptsips s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
c3.bc play / they sb s
cbc / hand ball cbcs/bsin / evening
cbcsbs/ the / always
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
They always paly handball in the evening.
teiptsips psips
tei t / I / my psips
ti t ti t psips it psips
estei t
beste/ room b/csbmy
psips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es 4.
cbcsbesdid cbcsbes/edo /homework
bcsbese / in /bcsnot
c c c b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes
I did not do my homework in my room.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 7. when / get / you / up / in /s morning / the / do

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc When docyou s
b s
bc get up in cthe s
b s
bc morning? cbc s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. arrives / in / late / always / she / late/ morning / the
s
besteiptsips s
b es
s
besteiptsipslate in the
eiptsipalwaysbsarrives
tShe sbes ptsips
teimorning. s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
9. under/ Alex / sang / shower / the / loudly / song
ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestAlex
eiptsip sang bthe
csbestsong
eiptsip loudlybsunder
c esteiptipthe shower.
b bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
10. Victoria / the / at / leaves / bus / station / 7 o’clock.
The bus leaves Victoria station at s7 o’ clock.
ss ss tiptsips tiptsip tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ee ee ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
ss tiptsips the swords ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip into bcorrect
eteiptip orderbcto
eteiptip eteiptip sentence.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cRearrange cbcbs c csbs c sbsmake meaningful
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. help / with / my / friends / homework / I / their _______________________________________

s
besteiptsips 2. etare
s
b s
s
eiptsip/ makebs/besad
s
ps
teiptsi/people s
b steiptsips/ laughsb/esthey
/ when
e teiptsips/ I s
b es eiptsip
s
s
b steiptsips s
b steiptsips
t_______________________________________
e e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
3. talk / to / friends / on / phone / I /my / the _______________________________________

ss 4. sports
s s / I / at /weekends
ss / notp/s do
s / play /tithess _______________________________________
ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei tip bcsbeseptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c5. play / I /cmusical / in / cevening /a / instrument
c / thec c c
_______________________________________c c
6. do / the / I / brothers / housework / my / for _______________________________________
ss ss tiptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese/ I / new esteiptip / I ambcs/beswhen eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c7.bcsbsshy / notc/meet cbcsb
people c cbcsbs_______________________________________
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
8. do / exercise / how / you / do / often / ? _______________________________________
ss s teiptsips/ old / sis
eiptsip / howbs/befriend tsips ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 9. etyour et/eipbest/? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
et_______________________________________ eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc s cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. have / many / you / brother and sisters / how / got / ? _______________________________________
11. twork
teiptsips eiptsip / lastb/sbehow
teiptsip/ syou / did t/eiptmuch
sips / do / thome
eiptsip /night? t_______________________________________
s s s teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b se
bs s b s
b es b s
b es b s
bes eiptsip b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es bsbes
cc c
c12. cc cc
you / the / often / do / cinema / go / to / how / ?
cc c c _______________________________________
cc cc cc cc

ss 13. sitting / best / next / me / my s / is / friend / to _______________________________________

esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptsips estei ptips ss
esteiptip esteiptsip
s ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb b sb b sb b sb
c14. blue / notc / I / wearing c/ am / something
c c c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c b sb
_______________________________________
c c bcsb c bcsb
15. of / the/ back/ house / 10 / there / in / were / pots _______________________________________
ss s
teiptsip/standing ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesmy eteiptip csbes /behind eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c16. cbcsbs/ is / me /cbteacher cbcsbs cbcsbs_______________________________________
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
17. TV / we / not / are / watching _______________________________________
ss s / I / writing
ipt/sipnot ss sips ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 18. etae eteiptip /withbc/sbam
eteipt/pencil eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
et_______________________________________ eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
19. playing / friends / football / not / are /my _______________________________________
20. the / I / going /pam / to / not p/ cinema _______________________________________
teiptsips tiptsips ti tsips ti tsips tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es bsbese
cc bsbese
cc bsbese
cc bsbesecc b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b es

teiptsipsThe chief
s
b es
s
eiptsip pronouns
trelative sbes
s
teiptsipare – who,
s
b es ptsips
teiwhat, which,
s
besteiptsips whose,
whom, s
bes eiptsip
tthat. s
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• She is the girl who got the first prize.
ss s s• This isteiwhat
s s I want. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c • This
c is the boy whose
c mother cis the principalcof the school.c c c c
• This is the singer whom everyone praises.
ss ss tsips which s
tiptsipwritten s
ptsipfriend ptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • I saw atipbook,
bcsbese
was
bcsbese
bytimy
bcsbese
in atibookshop.
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c
• The hunter saw a huge bird that was multi colored.
c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss s sGenerally ‘who’ is used forspersons only s - both for singular and plural.s s
eteiptip e teiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s • I csaws s
bc a man who
b s s
cbcwas blind. cbc
b s
b s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Blessed are those who seek God.

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Thesbsoldiers
esteiptsips who belonged
s
b esteiptsips to Light
s
b estBrigade
eiptsip fought
s
s
b esteipbravely.
tsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cmay be usedcfor
‘Who’
bc animals. c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
‘Which’ is used for things and animals – both for singular and plural.
ss teiptsips• Thesbtime, ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bc esteiptipwhich bis
csbesteiptiisp lost forever.
lost, bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• The lion, which is known as the king of the forest, is a ferocious animal.
ss s s• The table, s which
s I boughts sfrom you,teipistsipvery
s usefultito
ptsipme.
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e bcsbese and plural.eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs ‘That’ cbcsisbsused for persons
cbcsbs and things
cbcsbs– both forcsingular cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• This is the girl that got first rank in her class.
ss ss tsipshouse sthat tsips lives in. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • I know
eteip
the eteipshe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• I lost the pen that my father gave me.

teiptsips tei ptsips• The plants

tei ptsipsthat are tall
tei pt
should
sips be pruned.teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
s
b es s
bes sbes sbes s
b es se
b s s
b es s
b es s
b es sbes
b
cc c c ‘That’
b c cis used afterc adjectives
b bc in cthe
bc superlativecdegree.
bc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• It is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
ss ss ss s ever lived
teiptsipthat ss ps
eiptsiTroy. ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • The
bcs
most
besteiptipbeautiful
bcsbelady
s bcsbesteiptipwas Helen
bcsbestof bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c is the best cthat I can do. c
• This c c c c c
pronoun after such and sometimes after the same. ‘As’ is also used
ss s sThe wordti‘as’
s sis used astipatsirelative
s tsipsadjective. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ti pt i p
e e as relative ee pt i p e p esteipan eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs pronouncb after
csbes as followedcbcsbby cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• The poor beggar spent money such as rich men have.
ss • We neversenjoyed such sapsparty as thesppresent one. sps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teipti e teipti s eteipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs • Thissb s s
b s
bc as that.cbc
cbc book is thecsame s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He ate as much as possible.

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• He bowled
sbesteiptsipsas manys
b esteiptsipsas possible.
balls
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
(The first is an adverb)

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptExercise
sips
s
b esteiwith
ptsips Answer
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Join the following sentences by using relative pronouns.
ss sps sps sps sps ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip eipti is the
1. etThis eteipti He won
boy. eteiptirace. bcsbesteipti
the esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
This is the boy who won the race.
ss 2. tShow s s me theteipbook.
tsips Yousebought
iptsips it yesterday. psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip bcsbes which you bste sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsShow thecbook cbcbought c bc
yesterday. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Is there anyone here? Who can help me do this homework?
ss ss ss ptsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t eteiptip sbestei me sbesteihomework? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsIs there anyone
cbcsbs who can
cbchelp to do
cbcthis cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. That is the house. I was born here.

s
besteiptsips s
b es
s
eiptsip is thebhouse
tThis sbes
s
teiptsipwhere I was
s
b es tsips
teipborn sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
5. The wrong deeds we do. They are more often remembered than our good ones.
ss The s swrong deeds swhich
s we dopare s s more often sremembered
s than
s s our good sones.
s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c6. My friend’s c father works c in Agra. cHe has madecclay model of c the Taj c c c
My friend’s father who works in Agra has made clay model of the Taj.
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipfriendsbcsfor
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbes party. cbcsbes eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c7.bcsbsShe invited
cbcsbher c bs the party.cbcsbsMost of them
cbcsbs came tocbthe cbcsbs cbcsbs
Most of the friends whom she invited came to the party.
ss tsips in Kumarasamy’s
ss ss sips of theteipmills
ss ptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip 8. etIeiplive eteiptip eteiptip He owns
house. eteiptmost e tip in bthis eteitown. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Kumarasamy whose house I live in owns most of the mills in this town.
9. Shakespeare is consideredpthe greatestpplaywright. He lived in the 16th century
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tsips s
b estei tsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c Shakespeare b b
c c who lived cincthe 16th century b
c c is considered b
c c the greatest b
c cplaywright. c c b b
cc b
cc
10. I work in this place. It is close to a long river.
ss tsips in a place sps sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestIeipwork bcsbesteiptiwhich isbcsbesteiptito
close a longbcsbesteiptip
river. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss
Self - Evaluation
ss sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Join the following sentences by using relative pronouns.

ss 1. Siva’s father is a s rich man. He donated liberally for the cause.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbc ______________________________________________________________________________________ cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. They saw a grass snake. It had just swallowed a frog.

s
b esteiptsips s
b es eiptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
t______________________________________________________________________________________ s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c3.c The waterc is b b
c brought byc the b
c lorries. Itcisccontaminated b b
c cwith rusted ciron b
c particles. c c b
cc b
cc
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b est______________________________________________________________________________________
eiptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c8.c Sachin keeps b
c c the batting b
c crecord. It will b
c cremain unbrokenb
c c till another b
c cgreat batsman b
c c comes. c c b b
cc
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss s
eiptsip is a long teiptsips story. ss iptsipsand all.sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip 9.bsbestThis sbesforgotten sbesteiptItipfascinates
sbeste
one s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c c c bc c bc c bc cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
______________________________________________________________________________________
10. They
ss
eteiptip e tiptsipssay something.
e e teiptsips Listene
tops
ti tithem.
e ps ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s
cbcb s s s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbcb ______________________________________________________________________________________
cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
11. He went to the village. His parents were living there.
ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
et______________________________________________________________________________________ eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
12. Kanyakumari has many interesting places. He lives there.
______________________________________________________________________________________
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c13.
bc Joseph’s cwifebc is a doctor. Joseph
b
cc is anc efficient
bc police-officer.
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
______________________________________________________________________________________
ss 14. etMy s
eiptsipneighbour sips personified. He
ss ptsipsmodel for tsipsrich people. ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb s bcsbestiseiptmercy bcsbesteiptip b
is eate
csb s irole
bcsbesteipthe bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
______________________________________________________________________________________
15. The institute’s reputation was in question. It progressed amazingly
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs______________________________________________________________________________________
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - II 7. sROAD MAPS
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ps sps teiptsips sips Markstei:ptsi2ps teiptsips
es es es es eteipti eteipti e e teipt e e
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s
Tips
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • Gobcstraight.
sbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip• It’s bnext
csbesteiptotip..........bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• Turn left/right. • It’s on the corner.
ss ss teiptsips longsbthe tsips road.sesteiptsips ss sips metres tfrom
ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • Keep ewalking eteipmain eteiptip• It’s babout
eteipt100 e eiptip here..........
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcb cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Walk past the market/the temple. • you can see .......... opposite/near ..........
ss ss ps ...........
teiptsiinto ptsips ss ss ptsips.......... at ptsipsend of .........
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • Turn eleft eteistreet. eteiptip eteiptip• youbccan
eteisee eteithe eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Cross .............

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Turnsberight/left
steiptsips at the
sbes eiptsip
s
tcrossroads. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Take the first road on the right.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss sips approaches ss ptsips him eto s

teiptasipnearby ss sps a roadteipmap. Write
ss tsips ss
eteiptip 1. etAeiptman eteiptip you eteidirect
to eteiptip
bank. Here eteiptifind
you e tip eteiptwo eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
instructions to help him.

ss ss teiptsipsStores sbesteiptsips ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip eRaja eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs Main cRoad cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
State Bank
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips Busesteiptsips
Stop esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b cbcsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
School (You are here)
ss Answer: s
esteiptip eiptsipstraightbsand
estGo tsips
esteipyou tsips
esteipto teiptsips Turn left
esroad. iptsips
esteand
ss
esteiptipGo beyond tsips
esteipthe
sips
esteiptYou
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c c b will
c come
bcsb the main
c bcsb c bcsb walkcstraight.
bcsb c bcsb buscstand.
bcsb c bcsb
will see the State Bank to your left hand side.
ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Self c-bcEvaluation
sbestei t cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 1. Show the direction

ss s s to the hospital.
ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti
bcsbehere) eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs (You care cbcsbs cbcsbs
Bus Stand cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Gandhi
sbesteiptsips
Road s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Park
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Hospital Siva Stores
ss s ss
eiptsip thebdirection ptsips office.esteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 2. etShow eteiptip tobthe
eteipost eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs c csbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Post Office Bus Stop
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptipCollegebcRoad
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

Hospitals s Temple
esteiptsips esteiptsips iptip
ete e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccs s
Hospital
b Road
ccb s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
You are here
ss 3. s ss ptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestShow
eiptsip thebdirection
csbesteiptip tobthe
csbesteiSwimming bcsbepool.
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c
Swimming Pool c c
Daniel Street
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Park School
ss ss ss ss ss Main ptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiRoad eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
You sare here
ss eiptsip ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips R.K
s
bes eiptsip
tStreet s
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Siva Stores
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Main Road

ss ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiBus eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbCity cbcsbs
Stand cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. A man asks you to direct him to a nearby auditorium. Guide him with your direction in about
ss s
eiptsipwordsbsbesteiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip et50 eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c You are here cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips Bank ss

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Temple Street

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
auditorium
ss ss ss ss ss s
Lake
s Road psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip pi
sestei t
p
sestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
6. A man asks you to direct him to a post office. Guide him with your direction in about 50 words.
ss ss sips here teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptare
You e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Market Street
Shanthi Street

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Siva Hospital
ss ss s sBrett’s Road ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Post Office
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Simile
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Alliteration can be defined as a series of words, occurring close together in the phrases or lines of
poetry, that have the same first consonant sound.
ss ptsips• A strong sps eiptsip
s tsipstonguestwister ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e bcsbesteiptiexamplebcof
sbestalliteration bissbein
c steipthe
bc esteiptip PeterbcsPiper.
b besteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers

s sImagery, pins asliterary or ppoetic

s s sense,tis
ss
eteiptip eteiptip the reader’s
etei tip etei tip iptsithe
ps author’s uses sof description
eteiptip
s and
eteiptip
s vivid language,
s s deepening
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs understanding bcsbeseby appealing
cbcsbs of thecwork, cbcsbs to the senses.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
There are different types of imagery. These include:
ss s s• Visualteipimagery
ss which s
srefers to sights s sand allows s s reader to
the ss
visualise thetip ss
subject, objects sors ss
eteiptip eteiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e etip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs in the poem.
events cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Auditory imagery refers to sounds and reminds the reader of common or specific sounds as a

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsip point
s
s
b e
of
steiptreference
sips
s
to tdeepen
bes eiptsip
s understanding.
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb
• Kinesthetic b
imagery
cc b
c c to movement
is related b
c c and reminds b
c c the reader b
c cof body movementccb or b
cc
positions that are familiar or imagined – such as the feeling of flying.
ss s s• Smellstiand s stastes canteipbes sreferred toteipas s Olfactory
s or Gustatory
ss imagery s s respectively. ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseptip bcsbes tip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c • Tactile
c imagery c refers to texture c and feeling. c c c c c
• All imagery is aided through the use of other poetic devices, such as simile, metaphor, personification,
ss s s onomatopoeia,
tiptsips etc. tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip ee tipti pee ee ee sbese ee ee ee eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Metaphor
cbcsbs is a common
cbcsbs poetic device
cbcsbs where an
cbcobject cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
in, or the subject of, a poem is described as
cbcsbs
being the same as another otherwise unrelated object.
ss ss tsips s
ptsipseen ptsipsstanza of ptsipsHighwayman ss teiptsips in thesbeline:
teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip A beautiful
eteipexample eteibe
can eteifirst
in the eteiThe eteiptipby AlfredeNoyes, eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs
• The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas…
spsSimile is common poetic sdevice. The subject of the poem is described by comparing it to another
esteiptsips esteipti esteiptsips esteiptips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b object
b
cc or
s
b subject, using
b
cc sb ‘as’ or ‘like’.
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb
• For example, the subject may be ‘creeping as quietly as a mouse’ or be ‘sly, like a fox.’
ss s sRhyme istip s srepetitionteiof
the s
ssyllables, s s at the end
typically s ofs a verse tline.s sRhymed words s sconventionally ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesetip bcsbes ptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c share
c all sounds following
c the word’s
c last stressed c syllable. c c c c
Rhyme is one of the first poetic devices that we become familiar with but it can be a tricky poetic device
ss ss s
teiptsipMatching teiptsips to asbrhymingss s
eiptsip a lotbof teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip to work ewith. econtent eteiptip pattern
ettakes eskill. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
It sat alone.
What happened there is still today unknown.
ss sips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip teipt sbestei mysterious
It is cabcvery esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbplace,
e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
And inside you can tell it has a ton of space,

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsThe rhyme
s
b es
sips is aateibb
teiptpattern s
b es ptsips
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Personification is a poetic device where animals, plants or even inanimate objects, are given human
qualities – resulting in a poem full of imagery and description.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptExercise
sips
s
b esteiwith
ptsips Answer
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Read the following stanza and answer the questions that follow.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip 1. etIn p dim past,
eiptithe ip holdingestback
eteiptnor eiptip in fear eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
ss ps andeAge,
eiptsiYouth psips psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sesTo
t s stei t and travels
sestei ton with cheer.
sestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

i) Pick out the rhyming words.

ss fear – cheer;s swhole – toll s .

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptip e teiptips iptsips
beste stanza.
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc ii) Write
b s s
cbcthe rhymecscheme
b bcsb s cbcsgiven
of the cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
abba.

s
besteiptsips s
b estiii) s
eiptsip Identify
s
b estthe s
eiptsip figurebsof
bes ptsips employed
teispeech sbesteiptsips in thesbefourth
steiptsips line.sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Personification.
iv) Pick out the alliterating words.
ss s
eiptsip what b–sbwith ss ss s
teip–tsiptravels ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest
c esteipti–p whole;
bcsbesteiptip – heart;
happy bcsbeto
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. They growl at that and they growl at this;
ss Whatever
ss comes, sthere
s is something s s amiss;teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipstationbcsbe
eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsAnd whether
cbcsbtheir c bs high or humble,
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
They are all known by the name of Grumble.
ss i) s sPick outtthe psipsrhyming words.
psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbesei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc
this – amiss; humble – Grumble c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii) Write down the rhyme scheme.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsipsaa bb. sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
iii) Identify the poetic device employed in the last line.
ss s sPersonification.ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c iv) Pickc out the alliterating
c words.
c c c c c c
that – this; high – humble
ss s
eiptsip a lioness; tsips messsewith s
teiptsipher. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 3. etShe’s eteipdon’t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
She’ll not spare you if you’re a prankster.
Don’t ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect.
ss s
eiptsipknows how psips ptsipsyou – soestbeware!
psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sesShe
t sestei tto thaw you,
sesteisaw s ei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i) Pick out the rhyming words.

teiptsips tei ptsipsher – prankster

tei ptsips – beware teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
s es s es s es s es s es s es s es s es ses s es
b
cc b c c ii) Write
b b c cdown the rhyme
b b b
cc b scheme.
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
aaba.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b estWe
eiptsip
were
s melted
s
b esteiptsiinpsthe furnace
s
b esteiptsiand
ps the piteteiptsips
s
b s s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c We were ccast bc and wrought b
c c and hammered b b
c c to design,c c b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit.
ss ss ps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti)eiptip Pick out
bcsbethe
steiptsirhyming
bc
words.
sbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c ii) Write c down the rhyme c scheme. c c c c c c
iii) Identify the poetic device employed in the first line.
ss iv)psipsPick out ethepsialliterating
ps word.
psips psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sestei t s stei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
We can print and plough and weave
ss ss sips sips and heat sipand
s light, tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip t i pt t ipt t ipt eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbsWe can run
cbcsand
bes race and cbcswim
sbes and flycband
csbesdive, cbcsbes
e e e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
We can see and hear and count and read and write!
i) s sPick out the srhyming words.
s
besteiptsips s
b es eiptip Write bdown
tii) s
b es ips
teiptthe rhymes
b esteiptsips
scheme. sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
iii) Identify the poetic device employed in the first line.
iv) sPick out the alliterating word.s
ss ptsip ptsips teiptsip teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 3.bcsbesti
e
We were bcs
takenbesti
e from the s es
ore-bed
bc b and the
bcsbemine,
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
We were melted in the furnace and the pit
ss Wespwere cast andspwrought andsp hammered to sdesign,
eteiptip teipti s teipti s teipti s tiptips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs
es
cbcb We were ccut
s es
bcband filed and
s es
cbcbtooled andcgauged
s bcsbese to fit. cbcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i) Pick out the rhyming words.
ss ii) Write down the rhyme scheme.
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips eiptsip
bestthe
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b es
cbc iii) Identify s
b es bcsbeseemployed
cbc the poetic cdevice cbcsin cbcsbs
first line. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
iv) Pick out the alliterating word.

s
b esteiptsips 4. estIt
s
b
sips alone. teiptsips
eiptsat s
b es s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c What happened b
cc bc today unknown.
there isc still ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
It is a very mysterious place,
ss s
eiptsip insidebyou ptsipstell it has sps of space, ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestAnd csbesteican bcsbesteiaptiton bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c But at thec same time it cis bare to the cbone. c c c c c
i) Pick out the rhyming words.
ss s
eiptsip Write bdown sips rhyme scheme.
tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etii) esteiptthe bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsiii) Identifyc csbthe c c c
poetic device employed in the first line. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
iv) Pick out the alliterating word.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs ***** cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

Answer:

ss In this stanza the poet sayss that he wantssto s live his life without any hesitation, always looking forward
eteiptip e iptsipsadvancing
tand
e e tsips
teiptowards his e teiptipswithoutsbeany
goal teiptiphurry and e iptsips
tdistraction.
e e
He
tsips wantssto
teipjust e tsipsin thespresent
teiplive ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc s
b s cbcsb s cbc s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc b s cbcbs cbcsbs
without mourning for the things in the past and without fearing for the future’s uncertainties hidden behind
the vein of the present. He wants to move forward in life with happy heart, paying all the dues demanded
teiptsips teiptsip
s iptsips to travel
beste tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes cbcsbsby
e age andbcscontinue
c bcsbeseforward. bcsbese
c c bcsbesec bcsbese c bcsbese bcsbese
c c b
cc s
b es
2. Paraphrase the following stanza.
ss They s sgrowl at tthats sand they tgrowls s at this; teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip eseiptip eseiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb b sb b sb
Whateverc comes, therecis something amiss;
c c cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
And whether their station be high or humble,
ss They
iptsipsare all known
iptsipsby the name
iptsipof
s Grumble.iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete ete ete ete eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsAnswer:cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The people grumble at everything. Whatever they get they see wrong in it. Whether they get high
ss s
eiptsip orblow ptsips theyestalways s
eiptsip grumble. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etposition eteiposition eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Paraphrase the following stanza.

s
b esteiptsips s
bestStrong
eiptsip
s is she intipther
sbes e sip
sfaith andtibeliefs.
sbes eptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c c “Persistence
b c c is the key to
b c ceverything,”csays
b bc she. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Despite the sighs and groans and moans,
ss She’ss s strong inteiher
s sfaith, firmteip
insher
s belief! tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip es ptip es tip ee esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb
Answer:c
bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Woman is very strong in her faith and beliefs. She says that determination is responsible for all success.
ss ps of her
eiptsispite iptsips eiptsip
s she istiptsips in her s
eiptsip and belief. ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etIn etegroaning andetmoaning e estrong etfaith eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cParaphrase c c
the following stanza. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. A woman is beauty innate,
s
b esteiptsips s
b es
sips
tAeiptsymbol esteiptsipsand strength.
ofsbpower s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
She puts her life at stake,
She’s real, she’s not fake!
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbes
s
teiptsip***** s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss
esteiptip
PART s s - III teiptsips
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip 3.cbcsCOHERENT
iptsips esteiptipORDER
ss ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip Marks
ss
estei:pti5p
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb e
cbcsbs c bcsb beste c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb

eteiptSelf
ss sips - Evaluation
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.
ss ss ptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei the este eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs1. 1. He
cbcwas cbcsb
leader of cbcsbs spirits. cbcsbs
all the released cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Ariel was one of the spirits released by Prospero.
3. Prospero was a kind person and he had magical power.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc 4. He
c cdid everything
b c cdemanded by
b c cProspero. c c
b b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
5. Prospero released the spirits imprisoned by Sycorax.
ss s
eiptsip 1. Zigzag ptsipsthe nutsestand s teiptsips
eiptsipfruits bonsbechandelier eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest2. bcsbesteikept bcsb c s and
bcsbestfan. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. Arvind started a conversation but the bird did not speak.
3. Visu, the cook brought Zigzag.
ss s s teiptsipsnuts and teiptsipsto Zigzag. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ti p
e e 4.t i p They egave efruits eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. Maya and Arvind were happy to receive the bird.

ss s s s psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip et3.
eiptsip 1. The news psipreached
sbestei t
other psipsoldiers.
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc
2. The soldiers did not know their general was a lady. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Hey shouted that they would not work under a lady.

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips4. But swhen
e
b s
s war came
teiptsipthe s
b es
s all fought
teiptsipthey s
b es
s
teiptsiptogether.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
5. When Mulan fell sick the doctor came to know that the general was a lady.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 6. s s1. As thetsun s swas setting he

s sstarted running s s towardsteip
home.
ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c 2. On
c his way backc he walked along c the canal. c c c c c
3. His mother sent him to his blind friend to give him some cakes.
ss s s4. He noticed psipsthe rain ehad psipswollen
s water level.
psip s psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbstei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b b b b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

c c
5. Peter was eight years old.
c c c c c c

7. 1. But he had sno attachments with his family members. s

ss teiptsips2. Tom’s iptsip teiptsip teiptsips s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e tuncle
e was a e
bachelor. e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s
b s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Tom’s mother told him that his uncle would never help him.
4. He had the habit of collecting precioussstones.
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b 5. Heb
ccwas
b an inventor
ccb b and mechanical
b
cc b engineer.
ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
PART - III 4. PROSEs COMPREHENSION Marks : 5 s
ss ss ss ss s ss ss ss s ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Exercise with Answer
ss ss psips psips psips psips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. c bc c bc c bc
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
elastic cord.
s e
bThe
s
s
teiptsiptall structure
s
b es ipsusually aestfixed
teiptsis s
b
s
eiptsip object,
s
b esteiptsipsas a building,
such s
b esteiptsipsbridge sor
bestcrane; s tsips
eiptsip butbsitbesisteipalso sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc
possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover
above the ground. The thrill comes from the free- falling and the rebound. When the person jumps, the cord
ss eiptsip
s s
teiptsipjumper ptsips s
tsipthe teiptsips and continues ss sips tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbest
stretches and
bcsbesthe bcsbesteiupwards
flies again
bcsbesteipas cord
bcsbrecoils,
es bcsbesteiptip to oscillate
bcsbesteiptup and down
bcsbesteipuntil bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
all the kinetic energy is dissipated.

ss
eteiptip e tiptsipsJumping
e e
Heights,
teiptsips locatede teiptsiin
psMohan eChatti
teiptsipsvillage,sesinteiptRishikesh
sips haspbeen
e tei tsips rated e
as
teiptsipone
s of thetimostss
e eptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s
cbcb preferredcbbungee
cb s jumpings s
cbcbdestinations s
cbcins
b India at cabcheight
b of 83 s s
cbcmeters.
b s
It iscbthe s
cb only place cbcsbins India cbcsbs
where bungee jumping can be done from a fixed platform. This is also India’s only fixed platform Bungee-
ss performed from aspprofessional cantilever, to separate it from entertainment parks, and create instead,sp an
eteiptip e iptsips
textreme
e e teipti szone. The
e tsips
teipBungee e teiptsipsdesigned e iptsips
tby
e e teiptsipofs New sZealand.
e teiptsips e teipti s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc b s
adventure
s cbcsb s has
cbcsb s
been cbcsb s David cbcsb s
Allardice cbc b s cbcsb s cbcsbs
The Cantilever platform is built over a rocky cliff over-looking the river Hall, a tributary of River Ganges.

s
b esteiptsips s
b es eiptsip
s
tBungee-ing s
b esteiptsipsthe vastness
amidst
sbesteiptsipofs naturesbelends
steiptsipsthe experience
s
b esteiptsipsan absolutely
s
b esteiptsipsbreathtaking
s
b es
s
teiptsipquality. s
b steiptsips
Jumping
e sbesteiptsips
b
cc b b
c c heights isc well
c known for b
c cits safety measures
ccb b
cc
and experienced b
c cIt costs around
staff. b
c c Rs 2500 per b
c c jump, a b
cc
bit expensive, but totally worth the experience. The Bungee jumping experience has been set amidst the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsYes, it scan
bes tsipsperformed
teipbe s
b es
sips a movable
teiptfrom s
b es
s
teiptsipobject such
s
bes
sipsa hot-air-balloon
teiptas sbesteiptsips or helicopter,
s
b esteiptsips thatsbhas
es ips
teiptsthe s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cto hover above
ability b
c c the ground.c c b ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
iii. When do you think Bungee becomes thrilling?
ss ss teiptsips thrilling tsips ss tsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Bungee
bcsbebecomes
s bcsbesteipfrom the bcsbesteiptip and
free-falling bcsbesteiprebound.
the bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
iv. What is the experience when one falls off the platform?
ss ss sips off the platform,
psips theescord psipsstretchesestand
psipsthe jumper ips upwards
psflies sips as theteipcord
sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Whenbcone pfalls
sbestei t sbestei t sb tei t sb ei t sbestei t
pagain
sbestei t sbes t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c bc c bc c bc c bc
recoils, and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated. c bc c bc cbcsbs
2. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
ss ss ss psips teiptsips tiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t esteiptip sbestei t Cancyou
bcsbesbring bcsbese I’ve cbeen
bcsbesasked eteiptip
bcsbeseback a vaccine eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbyou’re
“Oh,cso cbcabroad?
going me c
back…..?” to cbring cbcsbs for a cbcsbs
course. Once I searched the suburbs of Paris for two days for a special brand of ceramic paint. Having spent
a lot of money ifor Cartier lighter refills, I had them confiscated at the airport just before boarding because
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c c the gas might
b c c be dangerous
b c c in the air.c c
b b b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Now, two months before a trip, I stop talking to people so they won’t suspect I’m about to travel. But
ss eiptsip
s sps sips heard you’re ss ptsipsYork, and ss sips something sps ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestsomeone always
bcsbesteipticatchesb
me.”
csbesteiptI’ve bcsbesteiptip goingbcsto
besteiNew bcsbesteipItipwant you
bcsbesto
teiptget
bcsesteiptifor
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c a little thingc you can find anywhere.
me. It’s just c c know exactly
I don’t c how much itccosts, but it shouldn’t c be c
much. We’ll settle up when you get back”.
ss ss ss tsipswas, insefact
teiptsips teiptsips iptsips ps
teiptsiwanted tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip What bGilson
eteiptip steipbuy bestejust anyctie. esteipwith eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs asked cme
bcsbeto cbcbs a littlecb thing:
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feeling continued until he reached Tenth Avenue. Then, as he joined the throng of shoppers, John felt a hug.
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1. Classes for NEET and JEEE – previous results – experienced teachers – two months course –
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Salem – New Bus Stand.
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Self - Evaluation
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1. aptop & Computer shop — Systems for students — special discounts — affordable price — limited period
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ss offer — details: visit: www.stulap.com
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air — elegant and posh.

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6. resh fruits – Vegetables from farms – healthy – juicy – tasty – low price – care for health – fruits and
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vegetables – 59, Mint street, Trichy.
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– Computer Design Sarees and New varieties – 106. West Perumal Maistry Street, Madurai – Mobile :
ss 9843141557
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10. C olourful and beautiful toys – novel – eco-friendly – non toxic – handy – buy one get one – sale for 5 days
– venue – Abi mall, Porur, Chennai.
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
*****

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss TosFriends
s (or)ipRelatives
ss ss ss To officials
ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestetip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
FORMAL LETTER
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip
TIPS: eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

Formal language should be used.

ss ps The letter should start with an introduction.
eteiptip e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc It should sb s sb
cbc end with cabcrequest.s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Format of Official / Formal Letter
s
besteiptsips s
b es eiptsip
tFrom s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
xxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxx,
ss ptsips 25 April sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e bcsbesteipt2020. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
To
______________,
ss iptsips ______________,ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcbs s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
______________.

ss Sir,
eteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbc__________________________
Sub: cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ref: __________________________

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips__________________________________________________________________________________
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
Thank you, s
ss ss ss ss ptsips s ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Yoursbcfaithfully,
s
b esteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
xxxxx.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Exercise
cbcsbs with Answer
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 1. Write a letter tosthe Headmaster of your school requesting him to issue your Transfer Certificate.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc From cbc sb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
XXX,
YYY.
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b 3rd March
c c 2020
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b es
s
eiptsip to submit
thave s
b es tsipsTC withsethe
teipmy b s
ps
teiptsiapplication.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
I humbly request you to issue me my transfer certificate.
Thank you,
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Yoursbcfaithfully,
s
b esteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
XXX.
ss 2. s
eiptsip a letter tsipsthe Postmasterss sps ss tsips change sipsaddress.teiptsips ss
eteiptip etWrite eteipto eteiptip ofbcyour
eteiptivillage informing
eteiptip him eofteipyour eteiptof e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Date: 25.03.20
From
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip XXX, bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
YYY.
To
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc The cPostmaster,
bc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Nattarmangalam,
ss spsSankarankoilsp-s5. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip eteipti eteipti esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbsSir, cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Sub: Request for redirecting letters to the new address - regarding.
ss ss s
eiptsip ourbhouse ss tsips teiptsipsStreet, sb ss ps new house
eiptsithe ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip We haveetshifted eteiptipbearingbcsthe
eteipnumber 15,eM.G. eteiptip
Nattamangalametto eteiptipat eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs
23, Nehru Colony, Nattamangalam.
c bs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Kindly take note of change of address and redirect all the correspondence to the new residential address
ss ps earliest.
eiptsithe ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etat eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
c cXXX. b
cc
INFORMAL LETTER
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s esteiptip bcsbes s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc b cTIPS: c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
Informal letter can be called a heart-to-heart talk.
ss teiptsipsSo, thesbstyle ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eteiptipshould bbe eteiptip
econversational. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
It may end with best wishes, warm regards, prayer for speedy recovery etc.,

ss ss ss Format pof Informal pLetter

eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tsips ss
etei tip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbxxxxxx, cbcsbs
29 Apr, 2020.
esteiptsips etDear
s ss
eiptsip ____________,
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b
________________________________________________________________________________
s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s

____________________________________________________________________________________.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s
eiptsip a letter
1. etWrite tsipsyour father ss ps
teiptsipermission s swimming
tsipjoin ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipto eteiptipseeking ehis eteipto eteiptip class.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
YYY,
15th Feb 2021.
sesteiptsips s est s
eiptsip Dad,bsbesteiptsip
s
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b Dear cc b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
How are you and Mom? I am doing well. I am preparing for my revision tests that will commence shortly.
Iiphave holidaysipon
sb
ss
esteiptip sb
s
etip
s
estrefresh sbestetsipsSaturdays
sbesteiand
ptsipsSundays.
sbesteiSo,
ptsipIs would like
sbesteiptto
sipsjoin swimming
sbesteiptsipsclass which
sbesteiptsipI sam certain,
sbesteiptswill
ips
sb
ss
esteiptip
c bc c bc me.
c The coach cis experienced,c kind and patient.
bc bc bc c I hope hecwill take everyc precaution and
bc bc bc c train me
bc c bc
with his expertise.
ss s sSo, pleasetiptpermit
s s me toteiptjoin
s s the swimmings s class by sending
ss a letters sof permission s swith Rs. t2,500
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ese ip e ip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbstowards the
cbcsbfee. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

With warm regards,

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Yoursbcslovingly,
beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c XXX. cbcsbs
Address on the envelope:
s
besteiptsips s
b es eiptsip
tTo s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Mr. V. Rajaram,
25, Car Street,s
ss ptsips ptsip ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e Madurai
bcsbe-stei1. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to a local festival.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip tipYYY,
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c
25th July 2020.
cbcsbs
Dear Jothi,
ss ss tiptsips tsips ss ss ss psips iptsips ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t
bcsbeseI hope you esteipalso esteiptipgreat pleasure
eteiptip in inviting
eteiptip sbestei t we are beste to eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs I amcwell. cbcsbare well.
cbcsIbhave cbcsbs cbcsbs you to the
cbcfestival cbcsgoing cbcsbs
celebrate next Monday. It will be very interesting as well as exciting to watch the car that will pass through
important streets ins our village. Fun-filled gamess will be conducted for children
teiptsips tei ptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips tei ptsips and students.
teiptsips Instrumental
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
besmusic b sbe
programme
s and b s
b e
concert
s have been
bsbe
organised.
s The
b s
besthree-day b s
b e
festival
s will be full
b s
b eof
s fun and b s
b e
frolic.
s bsbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
I will be very happy if you join us a few days earlier and spend a couple of days with us enjoying the
ss programme.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c Your affectionate
c c friend,
c c c
XXX.
ss s
eiptsip a letter tsipsthe editor. psips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip 3. etWrite teipto
csbes livingcbcin sbestei t bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsYou arecbAjeet, c c c c
a remote village in Tirunelveli. You participated in a health camp c cbcsbs
organised by your school. You were surprised to observe that most of the residents were
ss eiptsip
s tiptsips and shygiene.
iptsips As aseconcerned
iptsips psips s
eiptsip to bthe
s
eiptsip stating psips ss
eteiptip etunaware of health
bcsbese such beste bste
citizen,
sbestei t write sbaestletter sbesteditor sbestei tthe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsneed to corganise cbccamps c bc c bc c bc
focusing on the importance of health and hygiene. c c c bc cbcsbs
18, Appar Street,
s
b esteiptsips s
b es
s
eiptsip Colony,
tK.N. sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c Salem – 636 b
c c 014. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsI attended
sbesteipatsihealth
ps camp
s
b esteiporganised
tsips by my
sbesteiptsipschool
s in a remote
s
besteiptsips village.
s
besteiItptsiwas
ps a successful
s
b esteiptsipscamp but
s
bes
Iiptwas
te sips
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c astonished b
c cto know thecpoor bc knowledge b
c cof the villages b
c cregarding health b
c c and hygiene. b
c c We have many b
c c NGOs b
cc
who are interested to do something for the welfare of the people. They could take up this a matter of top
ss prioritys by conducting health inps far-flung camp in deep villages to make the speople awareps ofsthe importance
sbesteiptip sb eiptsip
estof sb teiptsips
eshygiene. sb tei tips
ewill
s sb teiptsips
esservice sb teiptsips
ehumanity.
s sbesteiptip
s
sbestei tip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip
c bc c bc health cand
bc This
c bc be a good
c bc to the
c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
I humbly request you to publish this in your esteemed daily so that some NGOs may take up this task.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Thanking
cbcsbyou cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Yours faithfully,
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Ajeet.
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. You are Sanjay. Your colony utilises solar energy to light the common areas. You find many
friends of your colony forgetting to switch off the lights in the common area. As a responsible
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsip
citizen,
s
write
s
b es
s
teipatsipletter ptsips
inewspaper,
tosbeaste sbes iptsips
te
echoing the
s
b es eiptsip
s
timportance s
b eto
s
sips
teiptconserves
b and
es
s
teiptsippreserve
s
b es eiptsip
tsolar s
s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
energy.

ss 12, Gandhi
s Road, ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sb eiptsip
estErode. b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
October 22, 2020.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsThe Editor,
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The Hindu,
ABC Street,
ss eiptsip
s tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip t
bsbesErode. bsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Sir,
Subject: Awareness to preserveps solar energy p - reg.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
bestei tips sbestei tsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
I amcvery
c proud tocsay bc that our colonyb
c c MGR Nagar b
c cis using solar b b
c cenergy to electrify
c c the common b
c c areas. b
cc
In this way we have become a model area for many colonies. Unless we get the full support of all the people
ss wesmay s fail in tconserving
ss the solar s s energy. In sthes recent past sitshas beenteifound
s s out thatteimany
s s people tforget
ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b s eseiptip
b b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes ptip b sbes ptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c to switchcoff the lights c
c in the commonc area. Thus the
c c c solar energycis wasted. I request
c c c c the people
c to take
c c c
the responsibility to conserve the solar energy by switching off the lights when they are not needed.
ss ss s iptsips thissin iptsipsesteemed tsips so that s s will take ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip I humblyetrequest
eiptsip you tote
e publish your
ete eteipdaily etthe
eiptsippeoplebofsbesthat
teiptsiparea eteiptipup eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsthe responsibility
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cbcsbs cbcsbs
Thanking you
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Yoursbcfaithfully,
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs
Sanjay.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s
eiptsip a letter sips friend inviting
ss s
tsipyour ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 1. etWrite teiptyour
eto eteiptip him/her
eteipto eteiptipparty. bcsbesteiptip
birthday eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Write a letter to your uncle thanking him for his birthday gift.
3. Write a letter to your father seeking permission to join an excursion party.
ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e eiptip
t eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese enquiring esteiptip his/her esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c4.bcsbsWrite a letter
cbcsbsto your friend
cbcsbswho is in chospital cbcsbabout cbcsbhealth. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. Write a letter to your friend expressing your inability to attend his/her brother’s marriage.
6. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her tos the House Warming Ceremony.
e teiptsips eteiptsips teiptsips
e esteiptsips teiptips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s c7.bcsbsWrite a letter
cbcsbsto your uncle
cbcsbrequesting csbesto advisecyou
him
cb bcsbeson choicecof es
bcsbcareer csbes
aftercbpassing +2 exam.e
cbcsbs b
cc s
bes
8. Write a letter to an English Professor requesting him to inaugurate English Literary Association of your
ss school.
sps sps sps sps sps sps sps sps ss
esteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti esteiptip
c bcsb c9.bcsbsWrite a letter
cbcsbsto the manager
cbcsbs of a factory s
cbcsbseeking cbcsbs to visit
permission bs factory. cbcsbs
cbcsthe cbcsbs c bcsb
10. Write a letter to a bank company complaining about the books which are in damaged condition.
11. Write
ss
eteiptip teiptsips a letter to thes s editor toteicontrol
esteiptip
s s the traffic
es ptip
s flow
esteiptip
s during the
s s peak hours.
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbesWrite b sb b sb b sb b sb b sb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

c12. c c c c
a letter to the editor regarding abolishing capital punishment.
c c c c c c
13. Write a letter to the editor complaining against poor supply of water.
ss s
eiptsip a lettereto
14. etWrite ps editor ecomplaining
teiptsithe teiptsips againstss ss sps ps
eiptsielectricity tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip low voltage
eteiptipand frequent
eteiptibreakdown etof einteipyour eteiptip
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15. Write a letter to the editor complaining against hoardings that cause accidents.

b sb
ss
esteiptip b
PART
sbesteiptip - III
ss
b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb 7. NOTICE
ss
esteiptip b sbesteiptip PREPARATION
ss
b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip b sb
ss
esteiptip Marks
b sb
ss
estei:pti5p b sb
ss
esteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

ps
ss
eteiptip e tei tipsA noticeseis
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s or printed
e teiptsips announcement
e teiptsips (Example
e teiptsipsa noticesefor
teiptsisale).
ps psips
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psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb It is cwritten s
bcb in ordercbto s s
cbinform a large s s
cbcbnumber ofcpeople s s
bcb about something cbcb s c bc c bc
that has happened or is about cbcsbs
to happen.
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ss tsips notice ps a pieceetof
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eteiptip e teipan eteievent, eteiptip Lostbcand
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delivered to the targeted audience.
cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
sIt is generally written in a formal
teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips tei ptsips tone. Notices
tei ptsips are factual
tei ptsipand
s to-the-point.
tei ptsips The language
teiptsips used is simple
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes and formal,
b s
b es not flowery.
b sbes They are put
bsbeup
s on display
b s
beboards
s in schools
b s
b es or at public
b s
b esplaces. b sbes bsbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
Points to follow to write notice:
ss s s• Do notteicross s s the wordteiptlimit
s s to avoidteipenalty
s s of marks. ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptip b csbes ip bcsbes ptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c • Repetition
c of any
c information shouldc be avoided.
c c c c c
• Always enclose the notice in a box. Make sure you draw the box with a pencil.
ss s s ps and to-the-point.
psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteipti • Keep yourpsipnotice short, psicrisp
s
eteiptip p
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc
• Highlight the word “NOTICE” and “TITLE”. It can be either bold or underlined. c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
• The title should be captivating and eye-catching.
ss s s tiptsipshypothetical s
tiptsipinformation tsips facts. sMake s of what’s
tiptsipuse ps in the
tiptsigiven ptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip p i p
etei t • Don’t make
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bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c
• Make sure you do not mention your personal information.
c c c c cbcsbs
• Make use of all the available information in the question.

s
b esteiptsips sbes i ptsi p s
te • Yoursbeanswer steiptsips shall sinclude
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s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc ccb ccb ccb ccb ccb ccb b
cc cc b
cc
• The purpose for which it is being written should be stated clearly.
• Focus on presentation and clarity.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb Exercise
c bcsb with Answer
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb

ss Prepare ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipa noticeeton
eiptsipthe givenettopic.
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. You are Asma/Ashish, the head girl/boy of XYZ international school. Your school is soon going
to publish the annual magazine next month. Write a notice for the notice board of your school
ss eiptsip
s psips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip sbesinviting
t sbestei t to submit
students sbestei t write-ups.
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbcsbs
XYZ INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsNOTICE
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
c c REQUEST b
c cFOR SUBMISSION b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
OF ARTICLES
March 01, 2020.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
bcsbsis to inform eteiptip
alls the students
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cThis cbcsb cbcsbsthat our school
cbcsbs is goingcto s
bcsbpublish bcsbs magazine
its cannual s
cbcsbnext c bcsb
month. All those who wish to contribute can mail their entries to [email protected]. Write-ups
ss will be accepted latest by March 30, 2021 still 11:59 pm. sYou can take s any topic of your choice. Forsps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips e teiptips e teiptsips eteipti
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s
cbcb furthercbinformation,
cb s s s
ccontact
bcb your respective s
cbcb s s s
classcteachers.
bcb s
cbcb s cbcbs s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Thank you,
ss sps ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptiAsma/Ashish,
eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Head Girl/Head
cbcsbs Boy. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

2. You are Ruhi/Rahul, head p girl/boy of ABC convent school. Your school is going to organize an
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s estei tsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b inter-school
b
cc b singing competition.
b
cc b Write
b
cc b a notice
b
cc for
b your school
b
cc b notice board
ccb b inviting names
b
cc b of b
cc b
all the interested students.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip NOTICE
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c ABC CONVENT c SCHOOLc c c c
INTER-SCHOOL SINGING COMPETITION
ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbes2020. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Marchc01, cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Our school is organising an Inter-school Singing Competition on March 19, 2019. Tuesday at
ss s12pm
s in thetip
school
s s auditorium.
teiptsipsMore than 20
s sschools from s all
s over thetipcity
s swill participate.
s s Interested ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esetip csbesundersigned esteiptip eteiptip e etip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs students cbcsb cbthe
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by March cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ruhi/Rahul,
esteiptsips e ps girl/boy.
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b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
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b s b
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b s b
ccsb s

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss s
eiptsipthe given eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. You are (David / Gita) the Sports Secretary of Modern Matric. School, Salem. Prepare a Notice for the school
ss students
sps to inform spsthem to participate
sps in the sports
sps day programme.
sps Inform
spsthe dates and
spsavenue. sps ss
eteiptip eteipti esteipti pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs c2.bcsbsYou are the
cbcsbsecretary c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
of the ABC Colony, Erode. Prepare a Notice for the residents to participate in a cbcsbs
medical camp. Many doctors will come for consultation.
esteiptsips 3. etYou
sps
eipti are the SetPe
sps
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sps
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sps
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eplanned annual
sps
ti of your
eteipday teipti
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sps sps
e teiptsips
b
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b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
for the school students. Inform the date.

ss 4. You are
s the secretary s s of English sLiterary
s Association
s s of yourteipschool. Prepare s asnotice informing ps the students
s esteiptip s eiptsip the bdifferent
estabout s esteiptip completions
s esteiptipto be conducted
s esteiptip by thes tsips
eELA.
s s esteiptipthe namess eiptsiprogrammes
estof s
sips
esteiptand s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c c b c bc b c bc b c bc b Inform
c bcthem
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the dates.
ss s
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ss s s in your sips in connection
s s with raising
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eteiptip eteiptabout e ptip to be conducted
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PART - III

6. Prepare a notice for the residents in your colony stressing the need for cleanliness.
ss ss teiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss sps sps ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese of your
csbes for thecstudents esteiptip to park esteiptipcycles/two-wheelers
eteiptip steiptished. cbcsbesteipti
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*****
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
PART - III 8. PICTURES AND VIEWS
ss ss ss ss Marks : s5 s
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip psips psips
etei t psips etei t etei t e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs c bcsb
Exercise with Answer
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs c1.bcsbsLook at cthe c c c c
following picture and express your views on it in about five sentences. c c cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Answer:

ss s s• The picture s sshows thetiptunhygienic

s s condition of our road side hotels.
teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ti p t i
e e • A man p eet i pt i p e i p eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs is comingcbout csbesof a roadcside bcsbeshotel. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Another man, who seems to be a tourist, looks at the dog which is eating what is thrown on the road
presumably from the hotel.
ss sips teiptsips ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e teip t • It b eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c looks
csbes like a residential
cbcsbs area calso. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• How will people lead a healthy life if outside sanitation is in this condition? If the people are

teiptsips t i ptsips irresponsible

t i ptsips about the t i ptsipsanitation
s t
around
i ptsips them, teiat
ptsipleast
s the municipality
t i ptsips or corporation
t iptsips should
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b sbes e remove
b sbes e the thrown
b sbaway
es e leftovers
b sbein
s e time. b sbes b sbes e b sbes e b se
b s bsbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
• It is our responsibility to keep our surroundings clean.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s
eiptsip at the teiptsips andsbexpress
ss teiptsips on it.sbesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 1. etLook epicture eteiptip your eviews eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. Look at the picture and express your views on it.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss 4. Look s s at the picture s s and express s s your views s s on it. teiptsips ss ss ss ss

esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• Givesbeno.
s
sips i, ii, iii toteipsub-points.
teiptlike sbes tsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Do not take more than three main points.
• Write the notes with dashes.
ss ss sips form of phrases.ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • Write
bcsb teiptthe
esin bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Exercise with Answer s
ss ss s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

Model 1

ss Make notes of the followingsppassage andspmake a summary using the notes. sps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips eteipti teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s s
b s
cbc of Englishcbcan
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b s
c be complete s
b s sb s
cbc without a creference
bc bcsbs
to acdictionary cbcsbs
of idioms. Collinscbcsbes
Dictionary cbcsbs
of English idioms is very useful. In this dictionary, you will find clearly explained meanings of over three
thousand common English idioms. To make the meaning even clearer, each idiom has an iexample sentences,
s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc c c which also
b c chelps to show
b c cyou how thecidiom
b b c can be used. c c In this dictionary
b ccb the emphasis
ccb is on true
c c idioms,
b b
cc
ie. expressions whose meanings cannot be easily worked out from the words they contain. When it comes
ss to s understanding
s English, it is these expressions which cause s most difficult to the learner. And s s also there sares
s esteiptip s eiptip variations
estgreat s tsips
esteipin s esteiptsips s tsips
esteipused; s teiptips
eof
s s tsips
esteipare s esteiptipin this dictionary.
sesteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b the way
c bc bthese idioms
c bcare
b many
c bc b the variations
c bc b to be
c bfound
c b c bc b c bc b
The main emphasis is on the understanding of the meanings of the idioms, rather than attempting to be a
ss complete
ss guide tos idiomatic
s usage.ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsNotes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
use of Collins dictionary of English idioms.
ss s
eiptsip Common sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etI. eteiptEnglish eteiptip
idioms eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i. three thousand
ii. examples
s
b esteiptsips s
bes
s
eiptsip Emphasis
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on
s
true s
b steiptsips
idioms
e sbesteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
i. difficulty in understanding
ss III. s s Emphasis sons understanding s s idioms ss ss ss ss ss ss
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c c c c c c c c c c
Summary

ss Rough draft s s
eteiptip e tiptsips
e eteiptip
ss
esteiptip psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbTitle: c bc c bc
Collins Dictionary of English Idioms c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
‘Collins Dictionary of English Idioms’ is useful to understand English idioms. It has more than three
ss eiptsip
s ss sps iptsips tiptsips understanding. It
tiptsips ps
tiptsiemphasis tsips ss
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bcsbese bcsbese
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ontiptrue
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsidioms, whose
cbcsbsmeaningscbare c c c
not easy to workout. The variations in meanings give difficulty in understanding c cbcsbs
the expression. This dictionary emphasises on the understanding of the meanings of the idioms.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

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iptsip2s
esteiptsips ete e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s
Make notes of the following passage and make a summary using the notes.
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or his
ss eiptsip
s s
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s ss s
eiptsip and ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestdaughter that
bcsbesthe bcsbesteiwith bcsbesteiptipmay prove
bcsb bcsbesteiptip who bare
estungrateful. Those csbestnearest bcsbesteiptip
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bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name may become traitors. The money
that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him perhaps when he needs it most. The one absolutely
ss eiptsip
s friendtipthat s
etsip man bcan
s
eiptsip in this selfishss s
eiptsip that never ptsips the eone ps nevereproves
teiptsithat teiptsips ss
eteiptip e unselfish
t
csbestreacherous ethave eteiptipworld,bcthe
etone eteideserts, eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsungratefulcbor c csisbshis dog. cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Notes
ss ss sips become sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • thebcsbest
eteiptfriend eteiptienemy eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• sons and daughters ungrateful
• money doesn’t stay forever
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• onlysbhis
es
sips
teiptdog stays s
b steiptsips
forever
e sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Rough draft:
ss ss ss teiptsips The Dog ss s
eiptsip ofbMan ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesTitle: bcsbesteip–tipThe Best
bcsbestFriend csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Man’s best friend may leave him and become his enemy. Even his sons and daughters may show
ungratefulness. His near and dear ones may become traitors. His money may not be with him forever. Only
ss s
eiptsipunselfishsbedog sps ps forever.
teiptsihim psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip sbesthis steiptimay stand
sbesby sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbcsbs
Fair copy
ss ss tiptsips sips The Dog
tiptTitle: tiptsip–s The Best ips
tiptsFriend of Mantiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c
Man’s best friend may leave him and become his enemy. Even his sons and daughters may show c c cbcsbs
ungratefulness. His near and dear ones may become traitors. His money may not be with him forever.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips his unselfish
Only
sbesteiptsipsdog mays
b esteiptsipsby himsbeforever.
stand steiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss
Self - Evaluation
ss sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip eteipti esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Make notes of the following passage or make a summary using the notes.
1. Itps is severyone’spdesire
s s to have a personalityps that
s is appreciated
s s and admired s s by all. sPersonality isps
ss
eteiptip etei tip etei tip teiptsips etei tip eteiptip aspects eteiptip eteiptip
s i tthe
ips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbscombinationcbcsbofs Physical,cbcsbes
emotional, cbcsbs and Psychological
spiritual cbcsbs cbcsbins a person. If beste
cbcsbsyou wish ctobcsenhance cbcsbs
your personality, start by respecting yourself and believing in your ability to win respect from others. Have a
ss positive attitude. In your interaction with others be polite and gentle doingsgood to them s as for as possible.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips sips
esteipthas
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc Give importance
b cbcsb s to yourcb s s
words. Speak
c b s s
cbconly when required
b cbcsb s s s s s
and is cofbcutmost necessity. What
b cbc b cbcsbsay
you cbcsbs
tremendous power. It can hurt, it can heal; it can charm or it can harm. A kind word can support a person,
motivates him and
e teiptsips e eiptsip a learner.
talways e pmake
s
teiptsiThe
him feel
e
sgood. Be
eiptsipreach bthe
tyou e
devoted and committed
teiptsipshumblesbeyou s
teiptsipshould e
to your work. Remember
teiptsips personality
e
s
teiptsipshows
you s
e
are
ips
teiptyou e teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc sb s higher
b
cc sb s cc sb s
more b
cc s ccb b s
be. Your
s ccb s
b s b
ccwhen
sb s b
ccsb s
have a positive outlook, the right communication, commitment to work, the will to serve others and humble
acceptance of success.
ss s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips has been
which
sbesteipthe
tsipsbasis of
s
b e
our
steiptsipculture
s fromipages
sbestetsips past. We
sbesteiptshave
ips laid down
sbesteiptsipins our Constitution
sbesteiptsips thatsbeIndia
steiptsipiss s
besteiptsips
b
cc c c a secularcstate. This
b b c does
c cnot mean irreligion. It
b b
cc means
c c equal respect
b c c for all faiths
b c cand equal opportunities
b ccb b
cc
for those who profess any faith. We have, therefore, always to keep in mind this visual aspect of our culture
ss which s has alsotipoftsipthe
s highesttipimportance
sps in pIndia of today. Those who put up barrier p between one India
s esteiptip s eiptsip
estand s s e
eand s esetidisruptive s stei tsips
etendencies s teiptsips
esnot s teiptsips
ecause
s s tei tsips
esor s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b another,
c bc b who promote
c bc b c bc b c do
bc b serve the
c bc b of India
c bc b her culture. They
c bc b c bc b
weaken us at home and discredit us abroad
ss s
eiptsip ladiessband
4. etSome sips
teiptgentlemen s UnitedtiStates
teiptsipthe ptsips of America
teiptsipscame out ps on a epleasure
eiptsiIndia tiptsips trip. Among
teiptsips ss
eteiptip c es they visited efrom bcsbeseone thatcbleft
csbesan impression etto bcsbse Theycbarrived
csbes in eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsthe manycbcities cbcsbs Calcuttacwas cbcsbs on theircminds. cbcsbs
PART - III

Calcutta about the middle of the month of October in the year 1929. At this time of the year almost all the
ss s sps psips were busy s ‘DurgatipPuja’. The
sips s Americans s that atgreatpsips ss
eteiptip etHindus
eiptsip in the Presidency
steipti
bcsbeshops
of Bengal
sbestei t
psipwith
sbestei t sbeset
partypsipof
sbestei t
psipsaw
sbestei t sbesei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbsmany of cthe c bc c bc c bc c bc
were closed . Almost all government offices, schools and colleges were also closed onc bc c bc cbcsbs
account of Durga Puja holidays. On the last day a large crowd followed a big idol which appeared to be

s
besteiptsips sbestmade
eiptsip of silver
s
sbe stand
eiptsip decorated
s
sbesteiwith
ptsipsjewels which
sbesteiptsipsmust have
sbesteipatsipcost
s a very tlarge
sbes eiptsip sumbofsbemoney. This
s
steiptsips s
was
besteiptsthe
ips
s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c idol of Goddess ccb b
c c Americans
Durga. The b
c cexpressed their b
c c great and csincere b c c c for the devotion
admiration b
cc and b
cc
faith of the worshippers of Goddess Durga. But they could not understand why such an idol which people
ss
esteiptip ee theld
iptsipsin high esteem,
ee tiptsips should have
ee tiptsipsbeen thrown
ee tiptsipinto
s the river tiptsipHooghly.
ee
s
eetiptsips tiptsips
ee tiptsips
ee
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs *****
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips• tenses
b esteiptsips
forms
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsip•s question
s
bes tsips
teiptags sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb
• singular b
– pluralc c b
cc b
cc b
cc
• non-finite b
verbs c c b
cc b
cc
Articles
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcs esteiptip
Incorrect
b bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipCorrect
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
1. The man is mortal. Man is mortal.
ss sips She is inteipatsiptrouble.
s tiptsips ss sps tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteipt2. csbes bcsbese eteiptip eShe
steipti is in trouble.
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 3. Hecb joined an university.
c cbcsbs cbcsbHe c
joined a university.
c cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. The table is made of the wood. The table is made of wood.
ss ss eiptsip
s iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip aesthonourable beste eteiptip esteiptisipan honourable
eteiptip man.bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 5. Hecb
iscsb cbcsman. cbcsbs cbcsbHe cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
Preposition

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Incorrect
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
Correct s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
6. She wrote me. She wrote to me.

ss
esteiptip esti
e pt7.
sips My friend
esti
e ptsuggested
sips me s
esti
e ptithis.
ps ss
esteiptip
My s
estei ptfriend
ips suggested
estei ptsipsthis to me. ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb 8. I told
bcsb
c to him to complete
c bcsb the work.
c bcsb bcsb bcsb
c I told him cto complete the bcsb
c work. c bcsb c bcsb
9. I accompanied with my friends. I accompanied my friends.
ss tsips We discussed
ss teiptsips ss ps
teiptsidiscussed ps
teiptsimatter. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip10. eteiptip on thisematter. eteiptip eWe ethis eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Subject-verb concord
ss ss ss Incorrect
psips psips ss psipCorrect
s psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 11. More
cbcsbthan c bc c
fifty guests is expected.
bc cbcsbMore c bc c bc
than fifty guests are expected. cbcsbs cbcsbs
12. Neither coffee nor tea are good for me. Neither coffee nor tea is good for me.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsips The majority
teip13. sbesteiptsipsof the sboys
bes
ps
teiptsiwants David
sbesteipto s
tsipbe their s
beThe
s
s
teiptsipmajority s
bof
es ptsipsboys want
teithe s
b es tsips to besetheir
teipDavid b steiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc
captain. captain.

ss 14. Bread andsbutter are theswholesome food. Bread and butter iss the wholesome food.
esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptips estei ptips estei ptsips esti
e ptsips estei ptips estei ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb 15. Every
c bcsbone of the boys
c bcsb were present
c bcsb in the class.
c bcsbEvery one cof
bcs
the
b boys was
c bcs
present
b in the
c bcs
class.
b c bcsb
Verbs
ss ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcIncorrect cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Correct
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
16. She wept bitterly as she is beaten by her mother. She wept bitterly as she was beaten by her
ss mother.
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips psips
sbestei t this cbook tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
bes
cbc 17. I am s
bes s
b
cbcreading thiscbook
es
bc for five hours.
cbcsbes s
b e
cbc Ishave been cbcreading bcsbesefor five hours.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
18. She wanted to know how I have done my business. She wanted to know how I had done my business.

s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips He had
teip19. s
b es eiptsip
treached s yesterday.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
He
es
sips
teiptreached s
b steiptsips
yesterday.
e s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
20 When I went to the station the train left. When I went to the station the train had left.

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

teiptsips tei ptsips as the bell

tei ptsiprang.
s tei ptsips teiptsips as the
tei ptsipsbell rang.teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
s
bes s
b es s
b es s
b es s
b es s
bes s
bes sbes s
bes s
bes
b
cc c c 26. I had
b c c gone to cinema
b c c yesterday.c c
b b c c I went to cinema
b ccb yesterday.
b
cc b
cc b
cc
27. United States has a large navy. The United States has a large navy.
ss tsips I go to s
teiptsipschool sips at 7.30 am. ss iptsiptos schoolseevery
teiptsipsday at s7. ps
eiptsiam. ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip28. bcsbesthe every
bcsbesteiptday bcsbesteiptip bcsbeIste
go
bc b s bc est30
b bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c
29. Each of the boys were rewarded.
c c Each of thec boys was rewarded. c c c
30. Slow and steady win the race. Slow and steady wins the race.
ss ss s
eiptsipa week.bsbesteiptsip
s ss sips s
eiptsipa week.bsbesteiptsip
s ss ss
eteiptip e etip
ti p estfor eteiptip esteipthas bestfor eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 31. Hecb iscsb
ill cbcsbs cbcsbHe been
cbcsill cbcsbs cbcsbs
PART - III

cc cc
32. The teacher is angry on me. The teacher is angry with me.
ss 33.
s s My mother sand
s myselftiwent
psips to Mumbai. psips My s mother
s and tIipwent
s s to Mumbai. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip sbeset sbestei t eteiptip e etip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 34. I sold
cbcsbmy c bc
furnitures. c bc cbcsbIssold my furniture.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
35. My father gave me good advices. My father gave me good advice.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips The two
teip36. s
b es tsips
teipbrothers helped
s
b es
ps
teiptsione another.
s
b esteiptsips s
b The
es
s
teiptsiptwo brothers
s
b es
sips
teipthelped each
s
b es ptsips
teiother. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
37. Poor should be helped. The poor should be helped.
ss 38.
s s He told tthats she was ill.teiptsips ss He said
s s that he twas s sill. ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c 39. Neither
c Rama norc Krishna haveccome. c Neither Rama c nor Krishnac has come. c c
40. Though he is fat yet he runs fast. Though he is fat he runs fast.
ss tsips Eitherseof tsipsroads slead sipsthe market. ss teiptsipsof the sroads ss tsips ss ss
eteiptip eteip41. teipthe eteiptto eteiptip eEither eteiptipleads to eteipmarket.
the eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
42. The teacher asked to me a question. The teacher asked me a question.

ss 43. No sooners did we reachs the station when the No sooner did we reach the station than the train
eteiptip e teiptsips train sstarted.
e teiptips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips
started. e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
44. Neither he nor I are willing to do the work. . Neither he nor I am willing to do the work.

s
b esteiptsips s
besteip45.
tsips The sun
sbesteirose
ptsips before eIstwoke
s
b eiptsip
s up.
sbesteiptsips s
be
The
steiptsipsun
s had risen
s
b esteiptsibefore
ps I woke
s
b es
up.
teiptsip s
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c 46. Wec heard bc bc the favour.c c
him tocask
b b
c c We heard chim bc ask the favour. b
cc b
cc b
cc
47. The old lady lost her money purse. The old lady lost her purse.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c
Exercise with Answer
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

ss ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiIncorrect eteiptip
sentences eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sentences
Correct eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
I wish I get some cold drinks. I wish I got some cold drinks

ss Hello were are you going? Hello, swhere are yousgoing?

eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip teiptips tiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
bes
cbc Its wrong sbes
cbcto steal. cbcsbs cbcsbs sbe
cbIt’ss bcsbese
c wrong tocsteal. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
She was born on the 24th May 1952 in Tamil Nadu. She was born on 24th May 1952 in Tamil Nadu.

s
b esteiptsips s
b es ptsipI swas you,estIeipwould
teiIf s
b
tsips not sattend
besteiptsipsMohan’ssbewedding.
steiptsips If e
s
b
Istwere s
eiptsip you, bIswould
e
b s
s attendtiMohan’s
teiptsipnot s
b es eptsip
s wedding.
s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Internet has brought out a major change in the Internet has brought out a major change in the
technology sphere. technological sphere.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b es ptsipstourist said,
teiThe sbes
s
teiptsip“What a lovely
sbes
s
teiptsippeace of eart
s
b s
sipsit!” Theteitourist
teiptis s
bes ptsips said, e“What
sb steiptsipsa lovely
s
b esteiptsips of art sitbesis!”
peace teiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c If you can b
c cunlock yourcown bc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
sence of humour, you’ll If you can unlock your own sense of humour, you’ll
possible unlock others. possibly unlock others.
ss ptsipstold to me tsips the paper sips eiptsip
s s
teiptsipme tsips worksefor sips iptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiHe bcsbesteipthat bcsbesteiptwork forbmy
csbestadoption He
bcsbestold that
bc besteippaper
the
s bc b steiptmy adoption
bcsbeste
was bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
was coming. coming.

ss The patient said, “It is easy sfor doctors to give The patient said, “Its sis easy for sdoctors to give
eteiptip e teptsips
iadvise!” e teiptsips e tiptips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptip e tiptips
e ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s advice!”
s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
I own you an apology,” he said. “I owe you an apology,” he said.
Isam s reading t“The
ss eiptsip Timesbsof India”
iptsips daily.sesteiptsips I read
teiptsi“The
ps Times of
psipIndia” daily.tipts
s s ips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbespassed beste csbes sbestei t sbese sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Anandhichas c c cbcb
in the LAS examination. cbAnandhi c bc c bc
has passed the LAS examination. c bc cbcsbs
She is one year younger than L. She is one year younger to L.
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Her oral English is very fluent and clear. Her spoken English is very fluent and clear.
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What is your mother name? What is your mother’s name?
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The convict said the judge is mad. The convict said, “The judge is mad”
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My wife didn’t knew English.. My wife didn’t know English.
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s s daughterteiphave
s s an inferiority s scomplexion. ss Your daughter
ss has anspinferiority
s complex.
ss ss ss
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c c c c Do you need
c c cold drink?
c c c c c Do you needccold drinks? c
c c c c c c c
The big ship “Titanic” drowned. The big ship “Titanic” was drowned.
ss ptsipshas planted ss tsips ss ptsipsplanted eroses
teiptsipsin the backyard.
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eteipbackside. eteiptip eteihas
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I’m always wanted to visit Rome. I’ve always wanted to visit Rome.

ss Bill stickers will be persecuted.s s Billstickers

s s will be prosecuted.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptip ss
eteiptip teiptip ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
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He was not knowing my address. He did not know my address.

s
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b esteiptsips b steiptsipsB.A in s2005.
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ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
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c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss ss s
tsipthe ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip and correct
Identify eteiptipthe errors
eteipin eteiptip sentences.
following eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. 1. One of the boy fell into the ditch.
2. The old man died on cholera.
ss ss sps s
teiptsipbest ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip 3. bcEvery
eteiptiboy gives etheir eteiptip
performance. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. Neither Gita or her friend go there.
5. The manger with his workers work hard to complete the work.
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
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b
cc b b
c c 2. 1. c cIf I was the cbird b b
c I would flycaway.
c b
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2. My neighbour is a honest man.
ss s s3. Sheteiptold
s sto her father s about
s the tour. ss ss ss ss ss ss
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c bc c bc 4. c He went outcof the theatrecbecause the movie
bc bc bc c bc is boring.c bc c bc c bc c bc
5. Before I left my house I locked the door.
ss s
eiptsip 1. bThe tsips hadschecked
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip et3. eteipdoctor eteiptip thebpatient
eteiptipyesterday.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
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PART - III

2. He has visited his uncle two days back.

3. Our teacher teach the lessons well.
ss sips4. If he sips studied twell
iptsipshe would iptsipsthe exam ptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip e tei pt tipthad
bcsbese bcsbese
tpass
bcsbese
tieasily.
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cbcsbs cbcsbs 5.
c He knows to type.
c c c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

4. 1. Theip builder want to finish the work within a month.

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b esteiptsips sbestetsips s
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b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc 2. c cSun rises in the
b c c east.
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3. He was seeing the pictures.
ss s s4. I wish I swas a rich p
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man
s s to help the
iptsippoor.
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5. 1. The mother asked to her son to go the shop to buy some sugar.
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eteiptip eteiptip 2. bcMore
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She hung the calendar in the wall.
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4. She was born on July.
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eteiptip eteiptip 5. bcMy
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6. 1. They have a beautiful horse over the lake.
2. We walked through the ice.
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b
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4. He is an angry and young man.
ss s s5. I spents as little moneys my s father gave s sme. ss ss ss ss ss
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rarely plays the Veena, doesn’t she? c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
2. You have made a very good progress.
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eteiptip eteiptip 3. bcThe
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5. Most people care for other people’s opinions.
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2. He is the nicest when he is with children.
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b esteiptips Sumathi
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5. I was writing since 10 o’clock
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ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss ss
Self - Evaluation
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1. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below.
Habit formation is the process by which new behaviors become automatic. Habits are sometimes
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The good
repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. Men are considered voracious eaters, besides acquiring some
ss bad
s shabits such sass drinkingteiand s ssmoking. tThere s s are more and
s s more people s swho are acquirings s bad eating ss ss
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c c c c habits because
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c c c c to alarming c proportions cand it is time that
c c c experts
c c c
on nutrition join hands to look more closely at the causes of these bad eating habits. Drinking too much
ss can lower your body’s calcium ssupply and reduce bone formation. Smoking is also harmful. It causes lung
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time to correct a bad habit is immediately, before it becomes established.

ss Questions: ps
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ii. How is it possible to form new habits?
iii. s What are the
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t i ptsips here? teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es e iv. Why
b s
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b s
b es e exerts joins
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2. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below.

s
ss
esteiptip s tsips Juvenile
esteipDelinquent s
delinquency
sps
esteiaptiperson s
referss s to antisocial
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es 18
by children
s
s s or adolescents.
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s
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esteiotherwise s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc is
b c who
bc b c b c bc of
b and commits
c bc b c c b c bwould’ve
c b c bc b
been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Youth crime is a major issue and is an aspect of crime
which receives great attention from the news media. The cause s of juvenile crime is not within the persons
ss tsips iptsiispsdue to sexternal
iptsips factors. iptsips causes iptsipbe ps
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eteiptip e teipthemselves t
but
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or could be related to social policies. These people believe crime is created by social structures such as
poverty, a peer group which believes there is nothing wrong with crime and a racial imbalance in the justice
ss tsips Television
tiptsipsand movies psips psips the “cult s
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of enemies. Many researchers have concluded that young people who watch violence c bc c bc cbcsbs
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tsipsee
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b
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i. What is juvenile delinquency?
ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipii.tip Who is tae
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c c iii. What
c are the causes c for juvenile c delinquency?c c c c c
iv. How do movies and television shows become cause for juvenile delinquency?
ss 3. ete tsips the sfollowing
ipRead tiptsips paragraph
tiptsips and sanswer
tiptsips the questions
tiptsips given ptsips
tibelow. tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip bcbese bcsbese bcbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c c
Perhaps the Earthquake is the most fearful natural phenomenon in the human life. It is more so,
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spunknown. s
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review of some major catastrophes. An earthquake is a tremor of the earth’s surface usually
c b c bcsb cbcsbs
triggered by the release of underground stress along fault lines. This release causes movement in masses
of rock and resulting shock waves. Earthquakes are so violent that theypcan raze cities. Major part ofps the
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b
cc b b
cc b world is affected
b
cc b by earthquakes
b
cc b regularly
b
cc b though some
ccb b are not felt
ccb due
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b
cc b Gas lines
ccb b burst b
cc b
and fire engulfs the entire city. Tsunami is caused by an earthquake. During an earthquake, seismic waves
can produce powerful ocean waves. If earthquake strikes mountains region it creates avalanches.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
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c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 4. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s The s s
cbcChinese were
b s s
cbc the first tocb
b s
make
c b s s
gun powder, s
cbc invent the
b cbcsbmagnetic cbcsbs and give
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world the art of making paper. About 2000 years ago the Chinese made gun powder by mixing sulphur
and saltpeter. The mixture exploded when set on fire. The Chinese were the first to find out the fact that
s
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b estei sps
s
b steiptsipsfloatingsbein
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p e s
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e
b s
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es
ps Theetdiscovery
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s
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invention of magnetic compass. This device helped the sailors to find out the direction when they were
out of sight of land. The Chinese invented the art of making paper using vegetable pulp which reached
ss tsips Spain s
eiptsipEurope. ptsips of time tsips factories sips into existence.ss ss ips
eiptsthe ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseArabia,
t i p
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c c Chinesecwas the art ofcprinting. Before c this invention, c books werecwritten by hand. c The Chinese c invented c
the art of printing with movable types. With this invention reading and learning became open to ordinary
ss
eteiptip ete ippeople
tsips as theyiptwere
ete
sips able to iprint
ete ptsips books in large
ete iptsips numbers.iptsips
ete ete iptsips ete iptsips ete iptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Questions:
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i. What are the achievements of China mentioned here?
ss ii.s s When was sthe
s gun powder s smade first?
tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip bcsbesegun powder? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs iii. Whatcbcsbwas cbcsbs used to cmake
the mixture cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
iv. How was the magnetic compass invented?

esteiptsips 5. eteptsips the following

iRead s s paragraph
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip and answer
ss ss
eteiptip the questions
eteiptip given ptsips
eteibelow. e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs b s
b s b s
b
c care of three cmain
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s bsb s
c kinds – vegetable,
cc b sb s b s
c cand mineral coil.
animal
b s b sb s
c Vegetable coilcis obtained by b s
b s
c ccrushing b
cc s
b s
PART - IV

oilseeds. Mineral oil is pumped out from deep under the earth. Animal oil is got from the fat of animals.
ss s ss tsips oilseeds tsipsput in sthe tsips ss tsips tsips ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteipTo
tsipextract
b
vegetable
sbesteiptip oil,bcsthe
esteipdried
b b sbesteipare b besteipcrushing b
machine
sbesteiptip and boil iste
sbesipsqueezed b
out.te
sbesipThis b sbesteiptip
c c c c is collected
c in containers.
c c Mineral oil cis pumped outcby digging oilcwells. These are
c c c c found deepc below the
c c c c
ground. Holes are drilled and oil is pumped out or forced out. The crude oil is a source of many useful
ss things. We get kerosene, petrolspand diesel out of crude oil. sWe use most of the vegetable oils for cooking.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb Mineral coils s s
bcbare mainlycused s
bcb as fuel. Animal
s s
cbcb oils arecused
s s
bcb as medicine.
s s
cbcb For example,
s s
cbcbshark livercoil
s bcsbisesgiven cbcsbs
to strengthen weak children. Neem oil, lime oil and sandalwood oil also have medicinal value.
ss Questions:
ss ss ss ss ss s ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip From esteiptip do webcsget
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eiptsipuse of banimal
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cbcsbs cbcsbs i. cbcsbwhere c bs oils? cbcsbs cbcsbsiii. What
cbcsis c csbs oil? cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii. How do we get mineral oil? iv. How do we use vegetable oil?

s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsip*****
s
s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
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cc b
cc b
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PART - IV 2. POEMpsipCOMPREHENSION
ss ss ss ss s Marks : s5ps
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip psips psips
etei t etei t etei t e tei ptsips eteipti
ss
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c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs c bcsb
Exercise with Answer
ss tiptsips iptsips tiptsips ss ss psips ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbeseRead the beste bcsbeseand answer eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c1. cbcsfollowing cpoem cbcsbs questions
cbcsbthat c
follow.bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
When I behold the heavens as in their prime, once he’s laid
ss tsipsthen the s
eiptsip though
s clad intgreen,
teiptsipstill psips s
eiptsipbirth more
s
eiptsip thanbthose psips sps ss
eteiptip eteipAnd estearth, sbesold, sbesei t sbestBy sbestnoble sbestei t creatures all,
sbesteipti eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs The stones cbcsband c bc
trees insensible of time, c bc c bc c bc c c
Yet seems by nature and by custom cursed — c bc cbcsbs
Nor age nor wrinkle on their front are seen; No sooner born but grief and care make fall

s
b esteiptsips s
b es i
te If
ptsi p s
winter comes
sbes i
te ptsip s
and greenness
s
b es i
te ptsi p s
then doth
s
b e
fade,
s i
te ptsip s
s
b es
s
sbesteiptsips he had
eiptsip statebobliterate
tThat s
b eat
s
sips
teiptfirst; s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c A springcreturns, bc b
and they’re
c c more youthful b b
c c made. c c Nor youth, c cnor strength,cnorbc wisdom spring b
c c again, b
cc
But man grows old, lies down, remains where Nor habitations long their names retain,
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b es
s
te When
i pt i p s
s
b esteiptsips comessbegreen
winter steiptsipscolour sfades
besteiptsips s
bes
s
eiptsip What
tiv. sb
will
es
s
teiptsiphappen sto
bes ptsipsstrength?
teithe s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc bc bc b
cc b
cc
away. Thec strength will cfade and perish.
2. Read
ss sips the following sips poemteipandsips answerteip questions
sips that follow.
s
eiptsip ice was ss tsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e pAnd
t now there
bcsbestei ptcame both
bcsb
t
mist
es and snow,
bcsbes t
bcsbestThe
bcsbesteiptipthe icebcwas
here, sbesteipthere, bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
And it grew wondrous cold: The ice was all around:
And ice, mast-high, came floating by, It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,
ss s
tsipgreen teiptsips ss ss s tsips , sesteiptsips
eiptsip noisesbsinbesateipsound! ss ss
eteiptip ti
e eAsp aseemerald. eteiptip eteiptip t
e Like eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs
And through the drifts the snowy cliffs At length did cross an Albatross,
Did send a dismal sheen: Thorough the fog it came;
ss tsipsshapesseof tsips nor beasts sps iptsips s
eiptsipif it hadbbeen ss teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip t i
e Nor
e p teipmen eteiptiwe ken –sbeste t
e As eteiptiapChristianesoul, eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The ice was all between. We hailed it in God s name.
Questions with Answers: sps
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipti sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c i. b
According
cc b
to the b
c cpoet whatccame
c b
there?c c b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
According to the poet there came mist and snow.
ss tsips Howsedid ps ice look sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipii. bc b steiptsithe
bcsbesteiptlike? bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c ice was shining
The c and it came c in different shapes
c like menc and beasts. c c c
iii. Where could the poet see the ice?
ss ss sips see iceteipeverywhere.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thebcspoet
eteiptcould e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
iv. Which crossed through the fog?
Albatross crossed through the fog.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Self - Evaluation
s
b esteiptsips 1. te
s
bes tsips the sfollowing
ipRead
besteiptsips poem
s
b es tsips answer
teipand sbesteiptsips
questions
s
bethat
s
s
teiptsipfollow. sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c Woodman, b
c c that tree! c cb b
cc b
cc bc
Mycmother bc here,
kissedcme b
cc b
cc
Touch not a single bough My father pressed my hand
In
tsipyouth, it sheltered
s s me, s s Forgive this
s
ss
esteiptip s esteipAnd
s
s esteiptitipnow. bcsbesteiptip
ss
s
ss
esteiptip s esteiptip But blet
s teiptsipfoolish
ethat
s
s tear,ipts
s este ip
s
s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b I’ll protect
c bc b c c bc b c bc b c c b oak stand!
c bc b c bc b c bc b
‘T was my forefather’s hand My heartstrings round thee cling
ss That placed it near his cot; Close as thy bark,s old friend! s s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ptsips
sbestitei stand,
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips teiptip ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcbs s There,
cbcbs swoodman, cbclet cbcsbs s
cbcb s Here shall the
s
cbcb s wild birds csbes
cbsing, cbcsbs cbcsbs
Thy axe shall harm it not! And still, thy branches bend.
When but an idle boy Old tree! The storm still brave!
ss sps teiptsips shade; ss ss sips ss sips ss ss
eteiptip eteipItisought its egrateful eteiptip eteiptip e tei pt eteiptip leave
And bwoodman eteiptspot;
the eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
In all their gushing joy While I have a hand to save,
Here, too, my sisters played. Thy axe shall harm it not
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipQuestions:
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
i. Why does the poet want the woodman to spare the tree?
ii. Who planted the tree?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s
besteiptsips s
b esteipYou
tsipsknow itseisn’t
b steiptsipright
s to stop
sbesteiptme
sips being born,
sbesteiptsipIswant tosbebe
steiptyours
sips
s
be steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c c Oh Mother,
b c c let me live,cdon’t
b b c take away c cmy life. Mother
b c c let me live.c c
b b b
cc b
cc b
cc
I want to live my life.
ss Mother, you will ssee when you slook s at me tand s you
s hold me sinsyour armsteiptsips
esteiptip tsips
esteipYou’ll teiptips
elove
s esteiptip eseiptip esteiptip e
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb fall
c In
bcsb with me,
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Like a flower in your care, I am a gift so pure and fair.
ss Don’t
s s you want sme? s I am yoursbaby. s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Questions:
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i. Whose cry is this poem?
ss ii.s s What does s the
s mothertipknow? s teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip etsip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs iii. Which csbes
cbcsbsexpressioncbexpresses csbes desirecto
thecbchild’s bcsblive? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
iv. When will the mother fall in love with the child?

esteiptsips 3. ete
ss
ptip the following
iRead ss
eteiptip poem
ss tip answer
eteipand
ss ptip
eteiquestions
ss ss
eteiptipfollow.bcsbesteiptip
that
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs In the middle cbcsbs of the city cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsScribble on c his trousers,cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
PART - IV

Is an open space called a Park; He has to be left alone,

ss s sdifficult for s sto do what s s like theretiptsips ps middleeof
eiptsithe sips grass, there ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb t
esei p
It
t i p
is
bcsb t
ese i pt i
usp
bcsb t
ese i pt i
wep
bcsbese bcsbesIn
t
bcsb steiptthe
bcsbesteiptipis somebcsbesteiptip
water
bcsbesteiptip
c c Even after c dark. c c c Surrounded c by an asphalt c path; c c
In the middle of the Park, there is a statue, We are forbidden to fish or throw stones into it
ss s s s s s s s s s
eiptsipswim orbstake
s
iptasipbath. psips psips ss
eteiptip p
eteipAti huge man esmade p
teipti of stone; pi
sbestei t
p pi
sbestei t
p
sbestOr beste sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs We are not cbcsballowed c bc
to climb his legs or c bc c bc c c c bc c bc cbcsbs
Questions:
ss ss ss teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e ptip What
tei eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs i. cbcsbiss the opencbspace
csbes called?cbcsbes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii. What is not possible even after dark?
iii. Who do you think is forbidden from running freely in the park?
teiptsips t i pt
iv.
sips
Whose teiptsips is in sthe
tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es cc
e
bsbs e bsbesstatue
cc b besepark? bsbese
cc bsbese
cc bsbese cc cc b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
ccsbes
4. Read the following poem and answer questions that follow.
ss Thank God, theps planets don’tprevolve Inps straight efficient s slines
s esteiptip s tsips
esteipIn s
s
estei tiparoundbcsthe tsips
esteisun. s
ss
esteiptip s estFrom
s
ei tip the heights
s esteiptipdown tobcsthe tsips
esteipsea, s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b perfect
c bcircles
c b c b c bc b c bc b c bc b c b c bc b c bc b
But wonder oval orbits But crash their way down mountain sides,
ss Far away in space Fallspover rocky cliffs,
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb Thank God, s
cbcbthe axis ofcthe
s s
bcb earth
s cbcbs s s
cbcb And carvecbout
s csbestwisting valleys
cbcsbs where they cbcsbrun. cbcsbs
Is turning tilted like a top Thank God, thank God for all our days
ss And wobbles as sit sspins And for every single creature s s
eteiptip e tsips God,serivers
teipThank teiptip never flowe teiptsips e teiptsips e iptsipseach one’s
tAnd
e e tsips
teipsingular, teiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc sb s cbc b s cbc sb s cbc s
b s cbc s
b s cbc sb s csbes ways. cbcsbes
cbquirky cbcsbs
Questions

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipi.tsips Whysbshould
esteiptsipswe thank
s
b es
God
iptsipsfor planets?
te sbesteiptsips s
b estiii.
eiptsip Howbdo
s
s
b estrivers
eiptsip flow?bsbesteiptsip
s s
s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c ii. b
How
c cdoes the axis b
c cof the earthcturn? bc b
c c iv. What c cdo the riversc carve?
c b
cc b
cc
*****
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s s Study ss
Materials s sour Email
to s sId: [email protected]
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip

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10th English - Drill Book

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10th English - Drill Book

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s

G. GEOFFREY DAVIDSON A. GOPAL, M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil.,

(A unit of Shyamala Group)

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Zoom Touch Below Links Download!

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ss ss ss Account s s Name teip:4tsipSURYA

Account Name : SURYA PUBLICATIONS

ss Pleases s Send tYour

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S.No. TITLES Page No. iptsips

ss 9. NOTE MAKING AND SUMMARISING 82

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 1. The s ssea does not sdiscriminate

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss Pleases s Send tYour

teiptsips 2. tAnythings whichtipistsipbelow

ss 2. Hesturned his beak sideways and crowed amusedly .

ss 3. The sun was soothing .

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss s ss ss tsips , sesteiptsips tiptsips psips psips ss

ss 2. The owner of thesptea shop wassp a little rustic sin appearance.sps

teiptsips eiptsip frustrating

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss teiptsipsIrregular psips nouns eare

 sThere are hundreds of irregular

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss • baby = babies • candy = candies

teiptsips tei ptsips plural tby ei ptsipadding

teiptsips tei ptsips• fish is t“fish”

ss Pleases s Send tYour

s sThe best way s to

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ss man men matrix matrices / matrixes

ss tooth teeth trout trout ortrouts s s

ss 4. fungus a) fungi s s b) fungae s s c) funguss

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss 1. b s 2. c 3. b s s4. a 5. c s s6. b 7. c s s8. b 9. a s s10. c 11. bs s 12. c 13. sa s 14. b 15.sc s

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss sipsde- sips off, down, sipsaway fromteiptsipsdevalue, defrost,

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss un- not unfinished, unfriendly, undone, unknown s s

ss 2. Women should be ___powered nowadays. sps

ss 1. ___planned action leads to success.

ss Pleases s Send tYour

ss -ment condition s s enchantment, argument

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ss -esque ps in a manner of or resembling picturesque, burlesque, grotesque

ss -ish having thesquality of squeamish, sheepish, childishs s

3. The secret___ pshould be maintained.

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ss B.Ed Bachelor of Education

ss s sIELTS teiptsips International

ss AVADI Armed Vehicles andspAmmunition Depot of India sps

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UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

ss 8. The common expansion of SBI is

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ss 11. The common expansion of IAS is

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ss c) National Defence Academy s d) National

ss 18. The s scommonteiexpansion

ss 25. The common expansion of AVADI is

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Phrasal verb Meaning Phrasal verb Meaning

ss Pleases s Send tYour

Break down End negotiations unsuccessfully give way collapse, break

ss ss break off s s break a piece from something go ahead continue

ss teiptsipsIrregular psips nouns eare

sThere are hundreds of irregular

s sThe best way s to

a) backed in b) backed out c) backed with d) backed at

ss a) carry in b) carry away c) carrysats d) carry on

ss s sThe guidelines scan be broken s s down aste follows:

ss s sOther more sp specific

a) lose b) lost c) would lose d) had lost