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Backformation List

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
40 views8 pages

Backformation List

Uploaded by

del.binhtt1603
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

A

edit
[1]
● abduct probably from abduction
[1]
● abscess (v.) from abscessed
[1]
● aborigine from aborigines, mistaken for a plural noun
[1]
● accord (n.) from Old French acorde, acort, a back-formation from acorder
[2]
● accrete from accretion (root: accrescere)
[2]
● acculturate from acculturation
[2][dubious – discuss]
● addict from addicted (root: addicere)
[3]
● admix from admixt
[1]
● Adirondack Mountains from Adirondacks, mistaken for a plural noun
[1]
● adsorb from adsorption
[1]
● adolesce from adolescence
[3]
● adulate from adulation
[3]
● advect from advection
[1]
● advisor perhaps from advisory
[1]
● aerate (meaning "expose to air") probably from aeration
[2]
● aesthete from aesthetic
[4]
● aggress from aggression
[2]
● air-condition from air conditioning
[1]
● alley
[1]
● alliterate from alliteration
[1]
● allotrope from allotropy
[1]
● amaze from Middle English amased
[1]
● ambivalent from ambivalence
[1]
● ameliorate perhaps from amelioration in some cases
[1]
● annunciate perhaps from annunciation in some cases
[5]
● anticline from anticlinal
● antipode from antipodes (non-standard)
[1]
● appeal (n.) from Old French apel, back-formation from apeler
[1]
● apperceive (in modern psychological use) from apperception
[1]
● aristocrat from French aristocrate, a back-formation from aristocratie
● assent (n.) from Old French assent, a back-formation from assentir
[5]
● attrit from attrition
● auto-destruct from auto-destruction (cf. auto-destroy)
[2][4]
● automate from automation
[2]
● aviate from aviation
[1]
● avid partly from avidity
[1]
● awe-strike perhaps from awestruck

B
edit
● babysit from babysitter[2][4]
● back-form from back-formation
[5]
● bartend from bartender
[dubious – discuss]
● beg from beggar
● benefact from benefactor (and also the derived benefactee, cf. benefactor)
● berserk from berserker
● bibliograph from bibliography
[2]
● bicep from biceps (non-standard)
● biograph from biography
● bird (verb) from bird watcher
[5]
● blockbust from blockbuster
● book-keep from book-keeping
[5]
● brainwash from brainwashing
[5]
● bulldoze from bulldozer
[5]
● bum possibly from bummer
[5][4]
● burgle from burglar
[5]
● bus ("to clear dirty dishes from table") from busboy
[5]
● bushwhack from bushwhacker
[5]
● buttle from butler

C
edit
[2]
● cadge from cadger
● caretake from caretaker
[1]
● cavitate from cavitation
[4]
● chain-smoke from chain-smoker
● chalant from nonchalant
● Chess (river) from Chesham
● choate from inchoate
[5]
● choreograph from choreography
● chupacabra from Spanish chupacabras (both a plural and a singular in Spanish)
● claustrophobe from claustrophobia
● cohese from cohesion (disambiguation) (cf. cohere)
[5][4]
● commentate from commentator
● committal from non-committal
[3]
● complicit from complicity
● computerize from computerized
● contracept from contraception (cf. rare contraceive)
● contrapt from contraption
[2]
● convect from convection
[6]
● conversate from conversation or conversing
● cose from cosy
[2]
● couth from uncouth
● co-vary from covariation
● cross multiply from cross multiplication
[7]
● cross-refer from cross-reference
[3]
● curate (verb) from curator
● custom-make from custom-made
D
edit
[5]
● dapple from dappled
[2]
● darkle from darkling
[2]
● decadent from decadence
[5]
● deconstruct from deconstruction
[5]
● dedifferentiate from dedifferentiation
[2]
● demarcate from demarcation
● demograph from demographics
[5]
● destruct from destruction
[2][4]
● diagnose from diagnosis
[2]
● diffract from diffraction
[2]
● dinge from dingy
[5]
● diplomat from diplomatic
[2]
● dishevel from disheveled
[2][4]
● donate from donation
● drear from dreary
● drowse from drowsy (possibly a backformation)
[5]
● dry-clean from dry cleaning

E
edit
[7]
● eave from eaves
[2]
● eavesdrop from eavesdropper
[1][2]
● edit from editor (from Latin stem edere, to bring forth)
[2]
● electrocute from electrocution
[7]
● elocute from elocution
[5][4]
● emote from emotion
[5][4]
● enthuse from enthusiasm
[5]
● escalate from escalator
● eutrophicate from eutrophication
[2]
● evaluate from evaluation
[4]
● extradite from extradition
[5]
● extrapose from extraposition

F
edit
● fine-tune from fine tuning[7]
● flab from flabby[2]
● flappable from unflappable[5]
● flake ("eccentric person") from flaky
[7]
● floss ("to show off") from flossy
[2]
● fluoresce from fluorescence
[5]
● fragmentate from fragmentation
[4]
● free-associate from free association (backformed adjective-verb compound)
[3]
● funk (quality of music) from funky

G
edit
[2]
● gamble from gambler
[2]
● gestate from gestation
[2]
● ghostwrite from ghostwriter
[2]
● gid from giddy
[2]
● gladiola from gladiolus
[5]
● gnarl from gnarled
● goaltend from goaltender
[2]
● godsend from god-sent
[5][4]
● greed from greedy (the noun was originally "greediness")
[2]
● grid from gridiron
[2][4]
● grovel from groveling
[2]
● grunge from grungy
[2]
● gruntle from disgruntle

H
edit
[2]
● handwrite from handwriting
[2]
● hard-boil from hard-boiled
[5]
● hawk (meaning "to sell") from hawker
[2]
● haze from hazy
[citation needed]
● headhunt from headhunter
[5]
● headquarter from headquarters
[citation needed]
● helicopt from helicopter
[citation needed]
● herptile (a reptile or amphibian) from herpetology
[citation needed]
● herpe (a single herpes sore) from herpes
[2]
● housebreak from housebroken
[2]
● houseclean from housecleaning
[2]
● housekeep from housekeeper
[2]
● hustle from hustler

I
edit
● inadvertent from inadvertence[2]
[2]
● ideologue from ideology
[3]
● incent from incentive
● indice from indices (cf. index)
[5]
● injure from injury
● intercept from interception (possibly a backformation)
[5]
● interfluve from interfluvial
● interlineate from interlinear
[5][4]
● intuit from intuition
[2]
● isolate from isolated

J
edit
● jell from jelly[2][4]
● jerry-build from jerry-built[2]

K
edit
● kidnap from kidnapper[2]
● kudo from kudos (some commentators regard it non-standard)[2][4]

L
edit
[2][4]
● lase from laser
[2][4]
● laze from lazy
[2][4]
● legislate from legislator
[5]
● letch from lecher
[2][4]
● liaise from liaison
[5]
● loaf (meaning "to be idle") from loafer
[5]
● logroll from logrolling
[5]
● luminesce from luminescent

M
edit
[2][4]
● manipulate from manipulation
● mase from maser
● mentee from mentor
[2]
● mix from mixt (adj. from Old French, misconstrued as past participle of verb)
[2]
● mottle from motley
[2]
● moonlight (the verb, work on second job) from moonlighter
● multimillion from multimillionaire
N
edit
● nake from naked[2]
● nitpick from nit-picking[2]
● notate from notation[2]

O
edit
[dubious – discuss]
● obsess (meaning "to behave obsessively") from obsessive
● obligate (as a verb meaning "oblige") from obligation
[2][4]
● one-up or one-upman from one-upmanship
[2][4]
● orate from oration
● orientate from orientation

P
edit
[5]
● panhandle (meaning "to accost") from panhandler
● paramedic from paramedical
[2]
● partake from partaker
● patriation from repatriation
[8]
● pea from Middle English pease
[2][4]
● peddle from peddler
[2][4]
● peeve from peevish
[5]
● pettifog from pettifogger
[2]
● phosphoresce from phosphorescent
● pleb from plebs
● ply from reply
[2]
● preempt from preemption
[8]
● process from procession
[5]
● prodigal from prodigality
[2]
● proliferate from proliferation
[5]
● proofread from proofreader
[citation needed]
● pugn from impugn

Q
edit
● quadrumvir from quadrumvirate[2]
● quantitate from quantitative
R
edit
[2]
● raunch from raunchy
● recurse from recursion
[2][4]
● reminisce from reminiscence
[2]
● resurrect from resurrection
● ruly from unruly
● rotovate from rotovator

S
edit
[5]
● sass (impudence) from sassy
[1][4]
● scavenge from scavenger
[5]
● sculpt from sculptor
[2]
● secrete (meaning "to produce and emit") from secretion
[2]
● secretive from secretiveness
[3]
● sedate (the verb) from sedative
[3][4]
● self-destruct from self-destruction (cf. self-destroy)
● semantic (adjective) from semantics
[2]
● sharecrop from sharecropper
[2]
● shoplift from shoplifter
● sightsing from sightsinging
[5]
● sightsee from sightseeing
[5]
● sipid from insipid
[2]
● sleaze from sleazy
[5]
● sleepwalk from sleepwalking
[2]
● smarm from smarmy
● sorb from sorption (also a back-formation)
● soft-land from soft landing (backformed adjective-noun compound)
[2]
● sorption from adsorption and absorption
[5]
● spectate from spectator
[2]
● stargaze from stargazer
[4]
● statistic from statistics
[2]
● stave (the noun) from staves (the original singular is staff)
[5]
● steamroll from steamroller
[2]
● stridulate from stridulation
[2]
● suburb from suburban
[2]
● suckle from suckling
[2]
● sulk from sulky
[2]
● summate from summation
[2]
● sunburn (the verb) from sunburned
[2]
● superannuate from superannuated
[5]
● surreal from surrealism
[5]
● surveil from surveillance
[2]
● swashbuckle from swashbuckler
[5]
● swindle from swindler
● syncline from synclinal[5]

T
edit
[5]
● tamale, as a singular of tamales (plural form of tamal)
● tase from Taser
● taxon from taxonomy
[5][4]
● televise from television
[2]
● tongue-lash from tongue-lashing
● transcript (verb) from transcription (cf. verb transcribe)
● tricep from triceps (non-standard)
● trickle-irrigate from trickle-irrigation (possibly backformed from verb-noun compound but may
also be verb-verb compound)
[5]
● tweeze from tweezers
[2][4]
● typewrite from typewriter

U
edit
● underwhelming as a supposed antonym of overwhelming
[2]
● unit from unity
[2]
● upholster from upholstery
● ush from usher

V
edit
[5]
● vaccinate from vaccination
● vend as in vend out (meaning to contract out to a vendor), derived from vendor
[9]
● verse from versus
[2]
● vinify from vinification
[7]
● vint (meaning to make wine) from vintage and vintner
[2]
● vivisect from vivisection

W
edit
● wiretap from wiretapper[5]

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