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ISBN 978-0-626-26630-1
SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
The application of the National Building
Regulations
Part R: Stormwater disposal
Published by SABS Standards Division
1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
© SABS
© SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by subscribers to the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Acknowledgement
The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the work of the South African Institution of
Civil Engineering in updating this document.
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 59, Construction
standards, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with
annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This document was published in August 2012.
This document supersedes the corresponding parts of SABS 0400:1990 (first revision).
Compliance with the requirements of this document will be deemed to be compliance with the
requirements of part R of the National Building Regulations, issued in terms of the National Building
Regulations and Building Standards Act, 1977 (Act No. 103 of 1977).
SANS 10400 consists of the following parts, under the general title The application of the National
Building Regulations:
Part A: General principles and requirements.
Part B: Structural design.
Part C: Dimensions.
Part D: Public safety.
Part F: Site operations.
Part G: Excavations.
Part H: Foundations.
Part J: Floors.
Part K: Walls.
Part L: Roofs.
Part M: Stairways.
Part N: Glazing.
Part O: Lighting and ventilation.
© SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by subscribers to the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
Foreword (concluded)
Part P: Drainage.
Part Q: Non-water-borne means of sanitary disposal.
Part R: Stormwater disposal.
Part S: Facilities for persons with disabilities.
Part T: Fire protection.
Part V: Space heating.
Part W: Fire installation.
Part X: Environmental sustainability.
Part XA: Energy usage in buildings.
This document should be read in conjunction with SANS 10400-A.
© SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by subscribers to the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
Contents
Page
Acknowledgement
Foreword
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references............................................................................................................. 3
3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 3
4 Requirements.......................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Stormwater control and disposal ................................................................................... 5
4.3 Gutters and downpipes .................................................................................................. 7
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 8
© SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by subscribers to the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
The application of the National Building Regulations
Part R:
Stormwater disposal
1 Scope
This part of SANS 10400 provides deemed-to-satisfy requirements for compliance with part R
(Stormwater Disposal) of the National Building Regulations.
NOTE 1 Part R deals with the disposal of stormwater on an individual site. The disposal of stormwater in
townships underlain by dolomites is addressed in SANS 1936-3.
NOTE 2 The drainage of areas in close proximity to buildings in order to minimize ground movements is
addressed in SANS 10400-H.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national
and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.
SANS 1936-1, Development of dolomite land – Part 1: General principles and requirements.
SANS 1936-3, Development of dolomite land – Part 3: Design and construction of buildings,
structures and infrastructure.
SANS 10400-A, The application of the National Building Regulations – Part A: General principles
and requirements.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in SANS 10400-A (some of which are
repeated for convenience) and the following apply.
3.1
competent person (civil engineering)
person who
a) is registered in terms of the Engineering Profession Act, 2000 (Act No. 46 of 2000), as either a
Professional Engineer or a Professional Engineering Technologist,
b) has a tertiary qualification (degree or diploma) in civil engineering, and
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
c) is generally recognized as having the necessary experience and training to undertake rational
assessments or rational designs in the field of civil engineering
3.2
deemed-to-satisfy requirement
non-mandatory requirement, the compliance with which ensures compliance with a functional
regulation
3.3
dwelling unit
unit containing one or more habitable rooms and provided with sanitary and cooking facilities
3.4
functional regulation
regulation that sets out in qualitative terms what is required of a building or building element or
building component in respect of a particular characteristic, without specifying the method of
construction, dimensions or materials to be used
3.5
interconnected complex
complex of multiple dwelling units, such as terraced or multi-storey complexes, or cluster or
retirement-village-type developments (or both), where management of common property usually
resides with (but is not limited to) a management body
3.6
major stormwater system
stormwater system which caters for severe, infrequent storm events
3.7
minor stormwater system
stormwater system which caters for frequent storms of a minor nature
3.8
non-colloidal gravel
gravel that does not contain any clay particles
3.9
rational design
design by a competent person involving a process of reasoning and calculation and which may
include a design based on the use of a standard or other suitable document
4 Requirements
4.1 General
The functional regulations contained in part R of the National Building Regulations shall be deemed
to be satisfied where the means for the control and disposal of stormwater is in accordance with the
requirements of 4.2, provided that the stormwater system in
a) interconnected complexes is in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.2; and
b) townships underlain by dolomite that have a dolomite site class designation of D2 and D3 (see
SANS 1936-1) complies with the requirements of SANS 1936-3.
© SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by subscribers to the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
4.2 Stormwater control and disposal
4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 Stormwater emanating from the roof, paving or area in the immediate vicinity of a building
shall not cause damage to the building interior, structure, or structural elements, or accumulate in a
manner that unduly inconveniences the occupant.
4.2.1.2 Stormwater disposal arrangements shall
a) not result in the undercutting of foundations due to erosion or flooding,
b) drain away from buildings, as far as possible, under the action of gravity and not accumulate
against or in close proximity to external walls,
c) make provision for the drainage of sites that are waterlogged or seasonally waterlogged, and
d) be capable of being readily cleaned and maintained.
NOTE 1 Stormwater disposal arrangements on a site include:
a) roof valleys and gutters and downpipes or, where gutters and downpipes have not been provided, other
means of ensuring that stormwater from any roof is controlled and will flow away from such building; and
b) any surface stormwater drains, channels or below-ground stormwater drains that might be necessary to
convey stormwater away from such site or from one part to another of such site.
NOTE 2 Regulation R1(2) requires the means of stormwater disposal to be in addition to, or in combination
with, any drainage works required in terms of Regulation F4(2).
4.2.1.3 Valleys and gutters shall be sized either in accordance with the requirements of 4.3, or in
terms of a rational design prepared by a competent person (civil engineering).
NOTE The following documents provide guidance on the design of valleys and gutters:
a) The South African steel construction handbook (see bibliography); and
b) EN 12056-3.
4.2.1.4 Where required by a local authority, the stormwater disposal arrangements provided on a
site shall discharge into a stormwater system provided within a road reserve or any servitude.
4.2.1.5 Stormwater may discharge onto streets where permitted by a local authority and under the
conditions imposed by such authority.
4.2.2 Stormwater disposal arrangements in interconnected complexes
4.2.2.1 Stormwater disposal arrangements in interconnected complexes shall, in addition to
complying with the requirements of 4.2.1, be designed by a competent person (civil engineering) to
comply with the following requirements:
a) The stormwater emanating from storms which are likely to occur at different recurrence intervals
shall, with an appropriate degree of reliability and within the parameters established in 4.2.2.2 to
4.2.2.8, be controlled, safely routed and discharged from interconnected complexes without
unduly eroding land, unsurfaced roads or water courses, contaminating water resources or
compromising environmentally sensitive areas identified in environmental impact assessment
reports.
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
b) Stormwater structures shall, with an appropriate degree of reliability, perform within established
parameters in terms of
1) design hydraulic load, and
2) maintenance (ease of access for cleaning and self-cleaning velocities).
4.2.2.2 Major and minor stormwater systems shall be designed for design flood recurrence
intervals of 50 years and 2 years, respectively.
NOTE Current legislation requires that flood lines for townships be determined for a 100-year recurrence
interval. Flows emanating from such floods are typically 25 % greater than those for the 50-year flood. Major
storm systems can be designed for a 50-year flood provided that the certified 100-year flood lines remain
unchanged.
4.2.2.3 Terraces created for dwelling units shall be capable of being drained by gravity.
4.2.2.4 Stormwater shall not be concentrated so as to cause erosion.
4.2.2.5 The velocity of stormwater flow in any road-edge channels associated with a minor storm shall
not exceed
a) 3 m/s in lined channels,
b) 1,5 m/s in unlined channels comprising coarse non-colloidal gravel, and
c) 1,1 m/s in unlined channels other than those comprising non-colloidal gravel.
4.2.2.6 Channels in soils that are susceptible to erosion shall be lined.
4.2.2.7 The minimum diameter of pipes in servitudes, unless otherwise directed by a local
authority, shall be not less than 300 mm.
4.2.2.8 Stormwater structures shall be designed to have sufficient velocity to minimize siltation and
facilitate maintenance. The minimum pipe gradients shall be in accordance with table 1. Access to
pipes for cleaning purposes shall be provided at intervals of not more than 40 m.
NOTE The CSIR’s Guidelines for human settlement planning and design (see bibliography) provide guidance
on the design of stormwater disposal systems.
Table 1 — Minimum stormwater pipe gradients
1 2 3
Pipe diameter Desirable minimum gradient Absolute minimum gradient
mm (1 in …) (1 in …)
300 80 230
375 110 300
450 140 400
525 170 500
600 200 600
675 240 700
750 280 800
825 320 900
900 350 1 000
1 050 440 1 250
1 200 520 1 500
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
4.3 Gutters and downpipes
4.3.1 Any roof, eaves or valley gutter shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than that given
in table 2 for the rainfall region in question.
4.3.2 The internal cross-sectional area of downpipes shall be not less than 100 mm2/m2 of roof
plan area served by such downpipe, or 4 400 mm2.
Table 2 — Roof, eaves and valley gutter sizes
1 2
Internal cross-sectional
area of valley or gutter per
Region
m2 of roof plan area served
mm2
Summer rainfall 140
Year-round rainfall 115
Winter rainfall 80
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SANS 10400-R:2012
Edition 3
Bibliography
Standards
EN 12056-3, Gravity drainage systems inside buildings – Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and
calculation.
SANS 10400-H, The application of the National Building Regulations – Part H: Foundations.
Other publications
CSIR. Building and Construction Technology. Guidelines for human settlements. Planning and
design. Pretoria: CSIR, 2000.
Southern African Institute of Steel Construction. Southern African steel construction handbook (limit
states design). 3rd ed. Johannesburg: SAISC, 1997.
© SABS
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