INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 875
Second edition
1999-09-15
Essential oils — Evaluation of miscibility in
ethanol
Huiles essentielles — Évaluation de la miscibilité à l'éthanol
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ISO 875:1999
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0b4759e3fa60/iso-875-1999
A Reference number
ISO 875:1999(E)
ISO 875:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 875 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 54, Essential oils.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 875:1981), which has been technically revised.
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ISO 875:1999
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© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
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Printed in Switzerland
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 875:1999(E)
Essential oils — Evaluation of miscibility in ethanol
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the evaluation of the miscibility of essential oils with mixtures of
ethanol and water of known ethanol content.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative documents referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 356, Essential oils — Preparation of test sample.
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ISO 385-2, Laboratory glassware — Burettes — Part 2: Burettes for which no waiting time is specified.
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ISO 648, Laboratory glassware — One-mark pipettes.
ISO 875:1999
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3 Principle 0b4759e3fa60/iso-875-1999
Gradual addition to an essential oil, at a temperature of 20 °C, of an ethanol solution of suitable concentration.
Evaluation of miscibility and possibly of opalescence.
4 Classification of miscibility
4.1 An essential oil is said to be miscible with V volumes or more of ethanol of a given concentration, at a
temperature of 20 °C, when the mixture of 1 volume of the oil in question with V volumes of that ethanol is clear and
remains so after further gradual addition of ethanol of the same concentration up to a total of 20 volumes.
4.2 An essential oil is said to be miscible with V volumes of ethanol of a given concentration, at a temperature of
20 °C, and to become cloudy when diluted in V' volumes, when the mixture of 1 volume of the oil in question with V
volumes of the ethanol is clear and becomes cloudy after further gradual addition of (V' – V) volumes of ethanol of
the same concentration and remains cloudy after further addition of the ethanol up to a total of 20 volumes.
4.3 An essential oil is said to be miscible with V volumes of ethanol of a given concentration, at a temperature of
20 °C, and to become cloudy when diluted in V' to V'' volumes, when the mixture of 1 volume of the oil in question
with V volumes of the ethanol is clear, becomes cloudy after further gradual addition of (V' – V) volumes of ethanol
of the same concentration, and again becomes clear after further addition of (V'' – V' ) volumes of ethanol of the
same concentration.
4.4 An essential oil is said to be miscible with opalescence when the mixture of the oil with ethanol of a given
concentration (under the conditions as given in 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3) shows an opalescence identical with the one of the
standard solution for opalescence, freshly prepared in accordance with the method given in 5.3.
NOTE The numerical values of V, V' and V'' are not more than 20.
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ISO 875:1999(E) © ISO
5 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical quality and distilled water.
5.1 Ethanol (95 % volume fraction)
5.2 Mixtures of ethanol and water
Mixtures of ethanol and water with an ethanol content of 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 65 %, 70 %, 75 %, 80 %, 85 %, 90 %
and 95 % (volume fraction) are normally used.
To prepare these mixtures, add distilled water to ethanol (5.1), following the directions given in Table 1, and check
their concentrations with an alcoholmeter or a densimeter.
5.3 Standard solution for opalescence
Add 0,5 ml of a silver nitrate solution, c(AgNO3) = 0,1 mol/l, to 50 ml of sodium chloride solution,
c(NaCl) = 0,000 2 mol/l; then add 1 drop of concentrated nitric acid (r20 = 1,38 g/ml). Stir the solution and allow it to
stand for 5 min. Keep away from direct light.
Prepare the solution freshly before use.
6 Apparatus
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Ordinary laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following.
6.1 ([Link])
Burette, of capacity 25 ml or 50 ml, conforming to class B of ISO 385-2.
6.2 One-mark pipettes, capable of delivering 1 ml, ISOconforming
875:1999 to the requirements of ISO 648, or analytical
balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 1 mg, as appropriate (see 9.1).
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0b4759e3fa60/iso-875-1999
6.3 Measuring cylinder or flask, of capacity 25 ml or 30 ml, provided with a stopper not subject to attack either by
ethanol or by the essential oil to be examined.
6.4 Device, capable of maintaining a temperature of 20 °C ± 0,2 °C.
6.5 Calibrated thermometer, graduated in 0,2 °C or 0,1 °C, allowing the temperature of the device (6.4) to be
checked.
7 Sampling
It is important that the laboratory receive a representative sample which has not been damaged or modified during
its transportation or storage.
Sampling does not constitute a part of the method specified in this International Standard. A recommended
sampling method is given in ISO 2121).
8 Preparation of test sample
Prepare the test sample according to ISO 356.
1) ISO 212, Essential oils — Sampling.
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© ISO ISO 875:1999(E)
9 Procedure
9.1 Test sample
With a pipette (6.2), introduce into the measuring cylinder or flask (6.3) 1 ml of the oil. Place the cylinder and its
contents in the device (6.4), maintained at a temperature of 20 °C ± 0,2 °C.
NOTE When the physical state of the essential oil does not permit the use of a pipette, weigh, to the nearest 1 mg,
1 g ± 0,005 g of essential oil. In this case, the definition and the results will be expressed in mass/volume.
9.2 Determination of miscibility
Using the burette (6.1), add a mixture of ethanol and water of known concentration (5.2), which has previously been
brought to a temperature of 20 °C ± 0,2 °C, in increments of 0,1 ml until complete miscibility occurs, shaking
vigorously after each addition. When the mixture is perfectly clear, record the volume of the water/ethanol mixture
(5.2) added.
Continue adding the mixture of ethanol and water in increments of 0,1 ml, up to a total of 20 ml, and shake after
each addition. If the mixture becomes cloudy or opalescent before the total addition is completed, record the volume
added at the point where cloudiness or opalescence appears and, if applicable, the volume at which one or the
other disappears.
If a clear mixture is not obtained after 20 ml of solvent has been added, repeat with the next higher concentration of
the mixture of ethanol and water given in Table 1.
9.3 Opalescence
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If a clear mixture cannot be obtained but an opalescent mixture is obtained, compare its opalescence with that of
the standard solution (5.3), as detailed in 10.2.
ISO 875:1999
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10 Expression of results
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10.1 Miscibility
The miscibility of the essential oil with ethanol of concentration Q (see Table 1), at a temperature of 20 °C, is
expressed as follows.
a) Case 4.1
1 volume of essential oil in V volumes of ethanol of concentration Q;
b) Case 4.2
1 volume of essential oil in V volumes of ethanol of concentration Q with cloudiness from V' volumes of ethanol of
the same concentration;
c) Case 4.3
1 volume of essential oil in V volumes of ethanol of concentration Q with cloudiness appearing between V' and V''
volumes of ethanol of the same concentration;
where
V is the volume, in millilitres, of ethanol of concentration Q needed to obtain a clear solution;
V' is the volume, in millilitres, of ethanol of concentration Q needed to produce cloudiness, following the
clearness, if it occurs;
V'' is the volume, in millilitres, of ethanol of the same concentration Q at which cloudiness disappears, if it
occurs.
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ISO 875:1999(E) © ISO
Express the values of V, V' and V'' numerically to one decimal place.
10.2 Opalescence
If only opalescence occurs (see 4.4), report whether the opalescence is "greater than", "equal to" or "less than" that
of the standard solution (5.3).
11 Test report
The test report shall state:
the method used;
the concentration Q of the ethanol used;
the result obtained.
It shall also mention any operating conditions not specified in this International Standard, or regarded as optional, as
well as any circumstances that might have influenced the results.
The test report shall include all details required for the complete identification of the sample.
Table 1 — Preparation of the mixtures of ethanol and water
Dilution: iTeh STANDARD Mass PREVIEW
Volume of distilled water at 20 °C to be added
of Mass of Values of the relative
ml of ethanol in to 100 ml of ethanol (95 % volume fraction),
ethanol (95% water to be density and apparent
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100 ml of mixture, at the same temperature ±0,1 °C, for
volume added density
to the nearest 0,1 % preparation of the corresponding dilutions fraction)
ISO 875:1999 1) 2)
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0b4759e3fa60/iso-875-1999 d 20
20 r20
Q % (volume
±0,000 1 ±0,000 01
fraction) ml g g
g/ml
50 95,76 45,9 54,1 0,931 8 0,930 14
55 77,90 51,1 48,9 0,921 6 0,919 96
60 62,92 56,4 43,6 0,910 8 0,909 11
65 50,15 61,8 38,2 0,899 3 0,897 65
70 39,12 67,5 32,5 0,887 2 0,885 56
75 29,47 73,4 26,6 0,874 4 0,872 79
80 20,94 79,5 20,5 0,860 8 0,859 27
85 13,31 85,9 14,1 0,846 4 0,844 85
90 6,40 92,7 7,3 0,830 7 0,828 18
95 0,0 100,0 0,0 0,812 9 0,811 38
1) Reference: Swiss Federal Bureau of Weights and Measurements.
2) Reference: International Organization of Legal Metrology.
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ICS 71.100.60
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