MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering

658 Muralla St, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

FIELD WORK NO.7:

AZIMUTH TRAVERSE

COURSE AND SECTION:

CE120-04F | A71

Submitted by:

Name: Aquino, Dominic Bien M. Student No.: 2021104717

Date of Fieldwork: Sept. 21, 2022 Group No. 5

Date of Submission: Oct. 03, 2022 Chief of Party: Raro, John Matthew

Submitted to:

Professor: Engr. Bienvenido Cervantes GRADE

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 FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELDWORK 7: AZIMUTH TRAVERSE

DATE: SEPT 21 2022 GROUP NO. 5

TIME: 7:30 - 12:00 NN LOCATION: MAPUA UNIVERSITY

WEATHER: SUNNY PROFESSOR: BIENVENIDO CERVANTES

LINE Azimuth Bearing Length (m) Latitude Departure

AB 41° 11’ N 41° 11’ E 11.1 8.85 7.31

BC 71° 21’ S 71° 21’ E 6.3 -2.01 5.97

CD 127° 33’ S 31° 43’ E 10.7 -9.10 5.63

DE 204° 29’ S 53° 34’ W 9.1 -5.40 -7.32

EF 272° 38’ N 70° 22’ W 5.1 1.71 -4.80

FA 359° 58’ N 0° 2’ W 9.03 5.95 -6.79

AREA 181.246𝑚2

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B. COMPUTATIONS:

𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔))

8.85 = 11.1(𝑐𝑜𝑠(41°11′))

∑𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 0

8.85 − 2.01 − 9.1 − 5.4 + 1.71 = −5.95

𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔))

7.31 = 11.1(𝑠𝑖𝑛(41°11′))

∑𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0

7.31 + 5.97 + 5.63 − 7.32 − 4.8 = 6.79

𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = √5.952 + 6.792 = 9.03

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For Computing the Area,

DMD Method:

LINE Latitude Departure DMD 2A

AB 7.31 7.31 64.6935

8.85

BC -2.01 5.97 20.59 -41.386

CD -9.10 5.63 32.19 -292.93

DE -5.40 -7.32 30.5 -164.7

EF 1.71 -4.80 18.38 31.4298

FA 5.95 -6.79 6.79 40.4005

AREA 181.246𝑚2

1. 1st Departure = 1st DMD

2. DMD of the previous line + Departure of the previous line +Departure of the line in
question = Proceeding DMD
3. Departure of the line but has opposite sign = Last DMD

𝟏 𝟏
𝟐𝑨 = 𝑫𝑴𝑫(𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆) | 𝑨 = 𝟐∑ 𝑨 ; 181.2456𝑚2 = 𝟐 (𝟑𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟏)

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DPD Method:

LINE Latitude Departure DPD 2A

AB 7.31 8.85 64.6935

8.85

BC -2.01 5.97 15.69 93.6693

CD -9.10 5.63 4.58 25.7854

DE -5.40 -7.32 -9.92 72.6144

EF 1.71 -4.80 -13.61 65.328

FA 5.95 -6.79 -5.95 40.4005

AREA 181.146𝑚2

Rules for DPD

1. 1st Latitude= 1st DPD

2. DPD of the previous line + Latitude of the previous line +Latitude of the line in question =
Proceeding DPD
3. Latitude of the line but has opposite sign = Last DPD

𝟏 𝟏
𝟐𝑨 = 𝑫𝑷𝑫(𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆) | 𝑨 = 𝟐∑ 𝑨 ; 181.2456𝑚2 = 𝟐 (𝟑𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟏)

OBJECTIVES:

1. To acquire the knowledge in getting the area of a rectilinear field by staking station on
each corner points of a piece of land.

2. To learn how to read the horizontal angle of a theodolite.

3. To learn how to perform a closed azimuth traverse survey using theodolite and tape.

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 4. To develop the skills in the analysis of the area by DMD or DPD method.

5. To develop the ability to lead or to follow the designated/desired task of one’s party or
group and to be fully responsible for the performance of the assigned task.

ORGANIZATION OF PARTY:

1. Chief Of Party (COP) – Raro, John Matthew

2. 1 Instrument Man - Millamina, Mervin Anthony
3. 2 Tapeman – Aquino, Dominic Bien & Millamina, Mervin Anthony
4. 1 Recorder – Mahor, Jenine Faye

PROCEDURE:

1. The professor assigns the corners of the rectilinear field to be observed. These points
must be visible from each adjacent point and must be accessible for setting the instrument.
Drive on each corner hubs or mark each corner by a chalk if on the pavement. Name the
points as stations T1, T2, T3, etc.
2. Set up the theodolite on the 1st station. Orient the instrument to the magnetic south after
leveling. Note: Magnetic south is where the counterweight of the needle is pointed when
the telescope is in its normal position.
3. The tapemen must measure and record the distance from T1 to T2 and T1 to the last
station.
4. Set the horizontal vernier to zero reading. Preferably the instrument man must already
sketch the area to be traversed making remarks on the locations of each corner to have
an overview of the extent of the fieldwork.
5. Sight the next corner station T2 and record the azimuth reading in the horizontal vernier.
Compute also for the bearing of this line
6. Sight the last station and record the reading of the horizontal vernier for its back azimuth
to be used for checking the traverse later.
7. Transfer to the next station and follow the same procedure 2-5.
8. Follow the same procedure until you reach the last station.
9. For the double-checking of the work, it is also advised to record the interior angles of all
the vertices of the traverse stations.

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EQUIPMENTS:

● Theodolite
● Tape
● Chalk
● 2 Range Poles

Discussion:

Azimuths are defined as horizontal angles that are

measured from the reference meridian in the clockwise
direction. Azimuths are also called a whole circle bearing
system (W.C.B). Azimuths are used in compass
surveying, plane surveying, where it is generally
measured from the north. But azimuths are measured
from the south by astronomers and in the military.

Let’s assume that line AB in the figure below has

a bearing of N 60° 50’23” E. This converts to an azimuth
of (60 + 50/60 + 23/3600) = 60.839722°. I like to use six digits for all angles. If I now have another
traverse leg to a point C (as shown in Figure 2), and I measured an angle of, say, 70° 00’00” (or
70.000000°), what would be the azimuth of line BC? It is the azimuth of line AB, plus 180° (to get
the direction opposite to line AB, or direction BA), minus the measured angle at B: AzBC = AzAB
+ 180° - 70.000000° = 60.839722° + 180° - 70.000000° = 170.839722°.

So, that is the azimuth of line BC. Let’s now add the north arrow at point B and draw the
azimuth angle for line BC (see Figure 3). This shows that the azimuth of a line shows as much

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directionality as a bearing does. And, operations with Decimal-Degree (DD) format azimuths are
much faster than with Degree-Minutes-Seconds (DMS) format bearings. In addition, the
calculations and adjustments of closed traverses are more direct.

There are two things that need to be heeded. We come out of high school with the idea that a
zero direction is along the X (east) axis, while azimuths have the zero direction along the Y (north)
axis. This switches the trigonometry, as follows. Look at Figure 4, where I isolated line BC of the
traverse. The departure (west-to-east) and latitude (south-to-north) components of line BC are
shown as dashed lines and have the following values (using horizontal distance d): Departure =
d*sin (AzBC) and Latitude = d*cos (AzBC). This goes contrary to high school trig because the
sine is supposed to go up-and-down, not left-and-right. However, if we set the distance d =
500.00’, and calculate the latitude and departure values, the benefits of azimuths become
apparent: Departure = 500.00’ x sin (170.839722°) = 79.60’ and Latitude = 500.00 x cos
(170.839722°) = -493.62’. The negative value for the latitude tells us that we are going more south
than north.

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 One tool for calculations is Microsoft Excel, it does not accept angle input in DMS format,
but only in radians. Therefore, in Excel, the following formulae must be entered: Departure =
500.00’ * sin (radians (170.839722°)) and Latitude = 500.00 * cos (radians (170.839722°)). If one
wants to convert radians back to angles, one uses the degrees’ function, like alpha = degrees
(angle in radians).

Then, adjusting a closed traverse simply becomes a matter of adding up all those positive
and negative departures to get a departure misclosure, adjusting departures, and calculating
easting coordinates. This is repeated for latitudes and northing coordinates.

Conclusion:

In this activity, we have acquired the knowledge in getting the area of a rectilinear field by
staking station on each corner points of a piece of land. We also developed our skills in reading
the horizontal angle of a theodolite by acquiring the needed bearings inside the traverse. By doing
so, we also harnessed our skills in doing the azimuth traverse by using the theodolite. We also
developed our skills in solving the area of the traverse by using both DMD and DPD methods.
Azimuth traverse is usually not being used in today’s era but the azimuth traverse is the most
basic technique in traversing and by knowing how to do it will help us to understand all the
advanced techniques in traversing in the future.

Recommendation

Because there is a lot of fieldwork to be done and many parts to it, it is advised that you
exercise patience when working in the field. Before taking the measurement, double-check to
make sure the measuring tape is perfectly parallel to the ground. This will help reduce any
potential measurement mistakes. For added assurance that the measuring tape is parallel to the
ground, it is advised to use a plumb bob. Since everyone must complete their allocated tasks in
order to complete the fieldwork on time, teamwork is also necessary for this experiment. To avoid
mistakes, carefully read the directions in the handbook.

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Documentation

Setting up the Theodolite Gathering Needed Datas

Calculating The Azimuth

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 Preliminary Data Sheet

FIELD WORK PEER ASSESSMENT

COURSE: CE102-04F SECTION: A71

FIELD WORK: AZIMUTH TRAVERSE GROUP NO. 5

GROUP MEMBERS
SCORE
1. JOHN MATTHEW RARO 20

CRITERIA EXCELLENT VERY GOOD LIMITED POOR MEMBERS

(4) (3) (2) (1)

1 2 3 4

TIME ELEMENT Arrives on Time Arrives within the Late for almost Late for 4 4 4 4
grace period of 15 30 minutes more than
minutes 30 minutes

PREPAREDNESS Knows what Performs only with Needs further Does not 4 4 4 4
exactly is to be in the procedure explanation know what
the field to be done

COOPERATIVENESS Performs Performs only Limited in Does not 4 4 4 4

assigned task well assigned task performing want to help
and is willing to assigned task at all
help group mates

ACCURACY Computes the Computes for Computes for Fails to 4 4 4 4

required value required value with required value compute the
accurately and in little assistance with some required
such a short time. assistance value

OVERALL Performs Performs the Performs Doing 4 4 4 4

CONTRIBUTION ON efficiently a very important task secondary load Nothing
THE GROUP WORK important task assigned assigned
assigned

EVALUATOR’S NAME/SIGNATURE:
Dominic Bien M. Aquino

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