10-22-24 Bible Lecture
- Thursday will be given a take home quiz
- Don’t forget to grab last week’s quiz that was missed
The Rise Of The Kingdom: Saul and David
- Two counts (two books):
o Genesis – takes 200 years
o Joshua – takes a week or two to cover it from start to finish
- Right now Israel with the judges is
Dates:
1020 – establishment of the kingdom (J source)
- The establishment is the pro kingship
- Govt of “kingdom” is monarchy
930 – kingdom split anti bigship
Samuel as a transitional figure:
1 Samuel 1-3
o The first 3 chapters of 1st Samuel give the account of the rise of
Samuel who will become a transitional figure from the judges to
the monarchy.
o Samuel is portrayed as a judge, a prophet, and a priest.
o In regard to being a transitional figure, Samuel is an anomaly.
From this point forward the functions of the ruler, prophet, and
priest will become personified in individuals
Samuel:
- Transitional
- How do we get the era of the judges to monarchy?
o It’s going to be Samuel who transitions this
- 3 important figures:
o Samuel looks like a judge
o Samuel looks like a priest
o Samuel looks like a prophet
Only one who embodies these 3 figures
- God:
o Bring gods words as a message to PEOPLE
& vice versa
- Priest:
o Who was leading the people, almost like a march
o Function:
Communicate the good willing people, sacrificed people to
God
Laws between God and People and going towards people and vice versa
The Establishment of the Monarchy:
There are two competing voices in the establishment of the Monarchy
o The pro Kingship material
o The anti-Kingship material
Pro Kingship
o 1 Sam 9:1-10:6
o 1 Sam 11:1-15 (absolutely do it)
Anti-Kingship
o 1 Sam 8:1-22
o 1 Sam 10:17-27 (don’t do it)
o 1 Sam 12:1-25
Pro Kingship: (south)
- Sal walks into the room, and everyone knows him
- He is a gorgeous man in Israel
- He is tall
- He is hardworking
- He unites Israel
Chapter 11:
- Takes an axe and chops it up and gives it to the people and tells them
to let their people know, he wants them to show up with an army
Anti-Kingship: (North)
Witches from the North to take by the South
The Benefits and Drawbacks:
What are the benefits of a King?
- Unites stuff
- King works well
- Sal is going to be the first king
What are the drawbacks of a King?
Looking Back:
The authors who describe the establishment of the monarchy are well
aware of both the advantages of having a king.
Some Historical Considerations:
The external situation is favorable for the establishment of a monarchy
o Egypt is relatively weak, and they are taking some of the brunt of
the Philistines
o The Assyrians have been weakened by war
o The external situation was somewhat favorable for the Israelites
to focus on their internal affairs
King Saul:
Saul stands for head and shoulders above the rest of the Israelites.
o There are three separate stories regarding Saul and the
establishment
Synthesizing the Various Accounts:
The Israelites are the “people of God”. There identity is not a national
identity.
The Philistines threat was used to overcome the objections towards a
monarchy
Some of the Israelites saw the establishment of the monarchy as a
rejection of Yahweh in favor of becoming like other nations
Saul was chosen as a military and later recognized as a king
Some favored Saul
o Samuel is God’s agent
Some favored David and or opposed the monarchy
o Emphasize the reluctance of Samuel
Samuel is seen a one who can make kind and break a king
3 functions of Samuel:
- Leader
- Prophet king
- Priest
The story of Saul:
Saul rises to power
o He wins several battles against the Philistines
The greater the power the greater the corruption
Saul becomes more and more corrupt and irrational as time goes on
o Samuel turns against Saul
o Samuel plans to execute his son Jonathan
o He becomes paranoid and is threatened by David
Samuel transfers the kingship from Saul to David
o Saul seeks to kill David and spends most of his resources trying
to accomplish this task
- Saul starts off as a good king and goes bad
- Saul’s son and David are best friends
o Incredibly close
- Saul turns into a dark bear and tries to hunt down David
The story of David:
David represents the “golden age” of Israel
o David and Goliath
o David the outcast
o David the political genius
o David the military genius (land is the biggest)
o David the man of God
o Everybody LOVES David
o David represents the “golden age of Israel”
People (United by mutual recognition of David)
Place (From the river of Egypt to the Euphrates)
Presence (Jerusalem is established as the capital city) *
God lives in Jerusalem
The dark side of David:
While David may have been a political and military genius, he was also
scheming and calculating
o While much of this has been looked over in the biblical material,
there is evidence that David had a dark side.
David could not keep his personal life in order
2nd Samuel Chapter 11:
- He should be at work, but hes not
- Hes checking out a woman
- Has sex with the women while she is ovulating
o She becomes pregnant
- Becomes his neighbor’s spouse
He commits adeltiy
Covet
Killed
2nd night David plans to get drunk
He wrote a letter to someone, character is Zariah
Zariah never read the bible
10-24-24
David:
Model king
Break 3/10 commandments
Abraham:
God promised Abraham people, place, and presence
Moses:
- People is Israelites
- Place is promised land
- Presence is ark
David: represents a good come back point
- Israelites = king in scrusalem
- Land is no longer just there = Jerusalem
- Ark in Jerusalem
Solomon and the fall of the kingdom:
3 people:
Saul
David
The importance of these events:
We are in the historical books
o De
Outline of 1 an
King Solomon
Solomon is David’s son
He comes to be recognized as the last king of a united Israel
People leaders tribes David
- David went through all of these levels
10-24-24 Bible Lecture
Remember:
1020 BCE – the monarchy is established
930 BCE – the divided Kingdom,
o Northern kingdom
10 tribes
Retained the name Israel
o Southern Kingdom
2 tribes
Called Judah
The temple is in the Southern Kingdom in the city of
Jerusalem
722 BCE – the Northern Kingdom falls to Assyria
586 BCE – the Southern Kingdom falls to the Babylonians
o This marks the destruction of the 1st Temple
o This begins the Babylonian Exile
The Importance of these Events:
We are in the historical books
o Deuteronomic history
Good things happen to good people and bad people
o The history is interpreted against the background of the mosaic
Law
If Israel and Judah follow the law, they are blessed
If Israel and Judah break the law, they are cursed
o The split of the kingdom and subsequent fall of the Northern and
Southern Kingdom are going to be interpreted in light of their
faithfulness to the Law of Yahweh given to Moses on Mt. Sinai.
Keeping the Terms Straight:
Before the Split of the Kingdom
o Israel
o Hebrews
o Israelites etc.
Refer to all of Yahweh’s people
After the Split of the Kingdom
o Israel
o Samaria
Designated the 10 Northern Tribes
o Judah
Designates the 2 Southern Tribes
The Jews
Outline of 1 and 2 Kings:
1 king 1-2
o Solomon becomes King of Israel
1 king 3-11
o King Solomon’s Reign as King of Israel
1 king 12-16
o The Kingdom is Divided
1 king 17-2 Kings 8
o The stories of Elijah and Elisha
2 Kings 9-17
o The history of the divided kingdom to the fall of the North
2 Kings 18-25
o The history of Judah from the fall of the north until the
Babylonian Exile
King Solomon:
Solomon is David’s son
He comes to be recognized as the last king of a united Israel
Gets rid of anyone who might oppose him
o Kills his brother Adonijah
o Joab the most powerful General
o Shimei
Forges Alliances with neighboring nations
o Marries the Pharaoh’s daughter
o Establishes treaties with the other neighboring nations
Solomon creates an internal structure of governance modeled after
Egypt
He embarks on a building campaign
o The temple
o A royal palace
o Fortifies many of the other major cities
Solomon becomes an absolute Monarch
o He forced the Northen tribes into service of his building projects’
o He married a non-Israelite
o He builds temples for other gods
Syncretism
o In order to support the infrastructure, he has created he imposes
large taxes on the people
o He consolidates the power of the tribes into the monarchy
o Solomon becomes a national King
Remember the Israelites want a king like other nations
Solomon represents this coming to fruition
By the end of Solomon’s reign, Israel resembles a nation like other
nations and begins to lose its identity as the people of Yahweh
The Divided Kingdom:
After the death of Solomon, the United Kingdom is quickly divided into
the North and South
The North generally rejects the Davidic Kingship
The South retains the Davidic Kingship
The Northern Kingdom
o Lasts for about 200 years before it falls to Assyrians
o 19 kings
The Southern Kingdom
o Lasts for over 400 years
o 20 Kings
