CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROPERTY OF MAGNET
3. WORKING PRINCIPAL OF ELECTROMAGNET
4. FACTORS AFFECTING ITS STRENGTH
5. APPLICATION
6. DISADVANTAGE
7. MAKING OF ELECTROMAGNET
8. PRECAUTION
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that AYUSH KUMAR

has successfully completed his Physics project titled

ELECTROMAGNET

under the supervision and guidance of

MR. Anand Kumar Tiwari

in the partial fulfillment of the Physics practical assessment

conducted during the academic year

2023-2024.

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EXAMINER TEACHER
 Precautions

1. Do all the connection neat and clean

2. Do not take uninsulated copper wire for making coil

3. Copper wire should not either be too thick or too thin

4. Remove the Insulation of tip of coil before connecting to

battery

5. Do not ON the Model for more than 10 Second

continuously
 Making of an Electromagnet
Material Required
➢Cardboard
➢Battery
➢Switch
➢Insulated Copper wire (27 Gauge)
➢Iron rod

Procedure
1. Make a 100-turn coil of insulated copper wire
on Iron Rod
2. Remove the Insulation of tip of Wire
3. Fix the coil on cardboard
4. Now connect battery to both end wire of coil
5. If you want, you can add a switch to either
terminal of battery
6. Now the Electromagnet working model is ready
to Test
 Disadvantage of Electromagnet
1. Power consumption
Electromagnets require a significant amount of electrical power to
generate a magnetic field, which can result in high energy
consumption and operating costs.

2. Heat generation
Electromagnets generate heat due to the resistance of the wire used
to make the coil. This can cause problems with overheating and can
lead to a shorter lifespan for the electromagnet.

3. Limited range
The strength of an electromagnet's magnetic field decreases rapidly
with distance, which can limit its range and effectiveness for certain
applications.

4. Vulnerability to power outages

Electromagnets require a continuous source of electrical power to
maintain their magnetic field. In the event of a power outage, the
magnetic field will disappear, potentially causing damage or loss of
function for devices or systems that rely on it.

5. Magnetic interference
Electromagnets can interfere with other electronic devices or
systems that are sensitive to magnetic Galds, such as compasses,
navigation systems, and some medical devices. CYCLEB

6. Size and weight

Electromagnets can be large and heavy, which can limit their
portability and ease of use in certain applications.

7. Cost
Electromagnets can be more expensive to produce and maintain
compared to other types of magnets, especially if they require a high
level of precision or custom engineering.
 Applications
1. Electrical Generators
Electromagnets are used in generators to convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The rotating armature is
equipped with electromagnets that create a magnetic field
around the coils, inducing a current in the coils that produces
electrical power.
2. Electric Motors
Electromagnets are used in electric motors to create the
rotational force necessary to turn the motor's shaft. When an
electric current flow through the motor's coils, it creates a
magnetic field that interacts with a permanent magnet,
creating the rotational force
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI machines use powerful electromagnets to generate a
strong magnetic field, which interacts with the body's water
molecules to produce high- resolution images of internal
body structures.
4. Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) Trains
Electromagnets are used in Maglev trains to lift the train
above the track and propel it forward. The train is equipped
with electromagnets that create a magnetic field, which
interacts with a track made of magnets, generating lift and
propulsion.

5. Speakers
Electromagnets are used in speakers to convert electrical
signals into sound waves. When an electric current flow
through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field that
interacts with a permanent magnet, causing the speaker cone
to move back and forth, producing sound.
6. Electric locks
Electromagnets are used in electric locks to secure doors and
other access points. When an electric current is applied to
the electromagnet, it creates a magnetic field that attracts a
metal plate or other component, locking the door or access
point.
Factor on which Strength of Electromagnet
Depends :-
1. Current
The strength of an electromagnet is directly proportional to
the amount of current flowing through its coils. Increasing
the current will increase the strength of the magnetic field.
2. Number of turns
The strength of an electromagnet is also proportional to the
number of turns of wire in its coil. Increasing the number of
turns will increase the strength of the magnetic field.
3. Core material
The strength of fan electromagnet is also dependent on the
material used for its core. A material with a high magnetic
permeability, such as iron, will enhance the magnetic field
and increase the strength of the electromagnet.
4. Distance between the core and the coil
The distance between the core and the coil can also affect
the strength of the magnetic field. The closer the coil is to the
core, the stronger the magnetic field will be
5. Presence of other magnetic fields
The presence of other magnetic fields in the vicinity can
affect the strength of an electromagnet.

Working Principal of Electromagnet

Normally, the atoms in the nail are oriented in random
directions, and individual magnetic fields cancel each
other out. Under the influence of electric current,
these atoms are reoriented to start pointing in the
same direction. All these individual magnetic fields
together create a strong magnetic field. As the current
flow increases, this degree of reorientation also
increases, resulting in a stronger magnetic field. Once
all the particles are reoriented perfectly in the same
direction, increasing the current flow will not affect the
magnetic field. At this point, the magnet is said to be
saturated.
 Property of a Magnet
1. Magnetic field
Magnets have a magnetic field that exerts a force on other
magnets magnetic material. The strength of the magnetic
field depends on the strength of the magnet and the distance
from the magnet.

2. Attraction and repulsion

Magnets attract material that are magnetic, such as iron,
nickel, and cobalt. They also repel other magnets that has the
same polarity

3. North and South poles

Magnet have a north pole and a south pole, which are
opposite in polarity. When two magnet are brought together,
the north pole of one magnet is attracted to the south pole of
the other magnet, vice versa.

4. Retention of magnetism
Magnets can retain their magnetism for lang period of time,
even after the magnetic field that created them is removed.
 INTRODUCTION
An electromagnet is a type of magnet that is created by
passing an electric current through a coil of wire. Unlike a
permanent magnet, an electromagnet can be turned on and
off, which makes it a versatile tool for a wide range of
application. The strength of an electromagnet's magnetic
field is determined by the amount of current flowing through
the wire and the number of turns in the coil.

The principal behind electromagnetism was discovered in the

early 19th century by Ham Christian Oersted, Danish physicist.
He found that when be passed an electric current through a
wire, it created a magnetic field that could deflects a nearby
compass needle. This discovery led to the development of
the electromagnet, which has since become as essential
component in many types of machinery and devices

One of the advantages of electromagnet is that their

magnetic field can be controlled by varying the amount of
current flowing through the wire. This means that they can
be tuned on and off which makes them useful in a wide range
of applications. Electromagnets can be made stronger by
increasing the current or adding more turns to the coil. They
can also be made weaker by reducing the current or by
removing from the coil.
 𝓐𝓬𝓴𝓷𝓸𝔀𝓵𝓮𝓭𝓰𝓮𝓶𝓮𝓷𝓽

I would like to express my immense gratitude to

my physics teacher Mr. Anand Kumar Tiwari for
the help and guidance, he provided for
completing this project.

I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and

inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank
our school management, for providing us the
facilities and opportunity to do this project.

Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates who

have done this project along with me. Their
support made this project fruitful.

- Ayush kumar