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Title: Preparation of modified asphalt using styrene-butadiene

rubber/chicken feather (SBS/CF) and chicken feather as modifier

Article Type: Research Paper

Keywords: chicken feathers; SBS elastomer; physical interaction; thermal

stability; rheology; composite

Corresponding Author: Dr. JOSÉ LUIS RIVERA-ARMENTA,

Corresponding Author's Institution: INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE CIUDAD

MADERO

First Author: LESLIE MARIELA COLUNGA-SÁNCHEZ, ENGINEERING

Order of Authors: LESLIE MARIELA COLUNGA-SÁNCHEZ, ENGINEERING; BEATRIZ

ADRIANA SALAZAR-CRUZ, DOCTOR; JOSÉ LUIS RIVERA-ARMENTA; ANA BEATRIZ
MORALES-CEPEDA, DOCTOR; CLAUDIA ESMERALDA RAMOS-GALVÁN, DOCTOR

Abstract: In recent years, asphalt modification has captured the interest

of many research groups due to their importance in the development of
road infrastructure of numerous countries. It is well known that
elastomers are asphalt modifiers par excellence, since their
thermoplastic behavior assists asphalts on improving their mechanical
properties range at both low and high temperatures. Nowadays, it is
sought the use of natural products and byproducts as filler for polymer
matrixes and the field of asphalt modification is not the exception.
Chicken feather (CF) is a waste material whose main component is keratin,
which consist of a mixture of proteins that provide remarkable
properties, such as mechanical and thermal stability and resistance to
common solvents, turning it into an interesting candidate in the
modification of some materials. In the present work, CF was used as
filler of a styrene-butadiene rubber matrix (SBS) with radial structure,
to obtain a composite intended as an asphalt modifier. Besides, raw CF
was also used as asphalt modifier. Physical, thermal and rheological
properties of modified asphalts were evaluated in order to determine
their degree of modification with respect to the original asphalt. It was
found that addition order of CF and rubber affected the properties of
modified asphalt. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that asphalt
modified with raw CF is less susceptible to degradation. Rheology of
modified asphalts underwent changes as a function function of the order
of SBS and CF addition. Furthermore, the addition of raw CF displayed a
better modification response compared to that of pristine SBS.

Suggested Reviewers: GENOVEVA HERNÁNDEZ DOCTOR

RESEARCHER, CFATA, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA NACIONAL DE MÉXICO-CAMPUS
JURIQUILLA
electroquimica@[Link]
DR. HERNANDEZ HAS A WIDE EXPERIENCE IN ASPHALT MODIFICATION FIELD

ZAHID HOSSAIN DOCTOR

RESEARCHER, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro
mhossain@[Link]
DR HOSSAIN HAS LOT OF EXPERIENCE IN ASPHALT FIELD

Ragab Abd Ragab Abd Eltawab Abd El-latief DOCTOR

RESEARCHER, Asphalt Lab, Petroleum Applications Department, Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt
chemragab83@[Link]
DR ELTAWAB HAS EXPERIENCE IN ASPHALT FIELDS AND IS RESPONSABLE OF A
LABORATORY OF ASPHALTS

AMIR SHABANI MASTER DEGREE

RESEARCHER, University of Guilan
Arabani@[Link]
HE HAS LOT OF EXPERIENCE IN ASPHALT MODIFICATION WITH FILLERS, AND
PROPERTIES EVALUATION

GILBERTO MARTINEZ-ARGUELLES DOCTOR

UNIVERSIDAD DEL NORTE, BARRANQUILLA COLOMBIA
arguelles@[Link]
DR MARTINEZ HAS LOT OF YEARS IN EXPERIENCE OF ASPHALT MODIFICATION AND
HAS SEVERAL PUBLICATIONS ABOUT IT

Research Data Related to this Submission

--------------------------------------------------
There are no linked research data sets for this submission. The following
reason is given:
No data was used for the research described in the article
Cover Letter

Altamira,Tams. México, June 15th, 2019

Dear Editor in chief

Here we submit the manuscript entittled Preparation of modified asphalt using styrene-
butadiene rubber/chicken feather (SBS/CF) and chicken feather as modifier, to be consider for
publication in your prestigious journal Construction and Building Materials. We consider that
manuscript can contribute with a novel design of modified asphalt using for that chicken feathers
and SBS-chicken feather composites.

We look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience

Thanks again and best regards
Sincerely yours

Dr. José Luis Rivera-Armenta

(On behalf of all authors)

Centro de Investigación en Petroquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico

de Ciudad Madero, México
*Conflict of Interest

Altamira, Tams. México, 15th, June 2019

The authors of submitted manuscript entitled “Preparation of modified asphalt using

styrene-butadiene rubber/chicken feather (SBS/CF) and chicken feather as modifier”,
declare that have not conflict of interest in this research work.
*Manuscript
Click here to view linked References

Preparation of modified asphalt using styrene-butadiene rubber/chicken feather

(SBS/CF) and chicken feather as modifier
L.M. Colunga-Sánchez, J.L. Rivera-Armenta, B.A. Salazar-Cruz, A.B. Morales-Cepeda, C.E.
Ramos-Galván, M.Y. Chávez-Cinco
Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Petrochemical Research
Center, Prol. Bahía de Aldhair y Av. de las Bahias s/n, Parque de la pequeña y mediana Industria,
89600, Altamira, Tamaulipas, México
jlriveraarmenta@[Link]

Abstract
In recent years, asphalt modification has captured the interest of many research groups due
to their importance in the development of road infrastructure of numerous countries. It is
well known that elastomers are asphalt modifiers par excellence, since their thermoplastic
behavior assists asphalts on improving their mechanical properties range at both low and
high temperatures. Nowadays, it is sought the use of natural products and byproducts as
filler for polymer matrixes and the field of asphalt modification is not the exception.
Chicken feather (CF) is a waste material whose main component is keratin, which consist
of a mixture of proteins that provide remarkable properties, such as mechanical and thermal
stability and resistance to common solvents, turning it into an interesting candidate in the
modification of some materials. In the present work, CF was used as filler of a styrene-
butadiene rubber matrix (SBS) with radial structure, to obtain a composite intended as an
asphalt modifier. Besides, raw CF was also used as asphalt modifier. Physical, thermal and
rheological properties of modified asphalts were evaluated in order to determine their
degree of modification with respect to the original asphalt. It was found that addition order
of CF and rubber affected the properties of modified asphalt. Thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA) showed that asphalt modified with raw CF is less susceptible to degradation.
Rheology of modified asphalts underwent changes as a function function of the order of
SBS and CF addition. Furthermore, the addition of raw CF displayed a better modification
response compared to that of pristine SBS.

Keywords: chicken feathers; SBS elastomer; physical interaction; thermal stability;

rheology; composite
Introduction
The increase of vehicular volume, as well as the drastic climate changes, are some of the
reasons why it is necessary to improve road asphalts because they are responsible for most
of the main types of failures.
The growing need to improve the properties of current commercially available asphalts has
awakened the interest of many research groups on finding asphalts-modifying agents able
to provide upgraded properties while minimizing the damage causes by ruts, fractures,
raveling, cracking, etc. Moreover, asphalts high production costs, which are directly
dependent to the international prices of crude oil, and the high levels of pollution involved
are also restrictions demanding special consideration and need to discover new materials
that meet not only quality but also environmental-friendly features and low cost. These
motivations are orienting researchers to implement waste materials as modifiers of asphalt
blends.
The use of called bio-asphalts has ground in recent years which are obtained using bio-oils
or biomass with the aim to use renewable energy and source, even the use of municipal
wastes, animal excrements and crop straw have been reported. [1Su et al, 2018], however
and disadvantage of bio-asphalts is its poor performance at high temperatures [2, 3Zhang,
et al, 2017]. One way to improve that behavior is using styrene-butadiene elastomers (SBS)
into the matrix of asphalt.
One of the most conventional and easy ways ways to develop modified asphalts is the
preparation of hot mix asphalt, since it allows the addition of differently shaped and sized
particles, which are responsible for the viscoelastic behavior of the final blend. Multiple
reports regarding the addition of mineral particles show particle sizes about 0.075 mm [4]
(Nciri et al, 2018). Other work reports the use of waste materials as egg shell powder as
sustainable modifier, founding that egg shell can be classified as a promise modifier for
asphalt mixture [5Razzaq et al, 2018].
Featured asphalt-modifying agents include polymer/nanoclay composites [6, 72,3], vegetal
and mineral fibers [1] (Su 2018), lignin [8], asbestos, oyster shell [4], agroindustrial wastes
such sugarcane bagasse, corncobs and rice hulls [9, 10], epoxidized soybean oil [11],
recycled polymers line ground rubber, waste PE, pavement-recovered asphalt [9, 12],
among others.
A composite is defined as a material formed by a matrix, that can be either ceramic,
metallic or polymeric, and a filler, which is added to the matrix with the purpose of
enhancing some of their properties. Styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBS) are polymers with
multiple application areas, e.g. asphalt modification, which is one of the most important
[13], due increases the elasticity of asphalt, although the addition has both economic and
serious technical limitations. Even when the use of a polymer modifier depicts a major
upgrade, compatibility remains an important limitation that should be taken into account.
Affinity between asphalt and polymeric material must be ensured to minimize the risk of
phase separation due to the exposure to temperature and pressure changes, affecting the
lifetime and quality of the modified asphalt.
Works related to composites based on SBS rubbers using CFs as reinforcing filler have
been recently reported [13, 14]. CFs are fiber-structured proteins that can be leveraged
along with a polymer to significantly improve the properties of other materials (like
asphalts). For this reason, in this research project it is aimed at the study of the effect of the
addition of a SBS and CFs based composite SBS/CF on the physicochemical properties of
asphalts to validate whether or not the use of this waste material represents an advance in
the field of conventional asphalt modification.
Aside from SBS/CF composites, raw CF was also proposed asphalt modified, and the effect
of the addition order of SBS and CF on the properties of the modified asphalt at fixed
modifier amount of 2% was analyzed in the present work, and physical, thermal and
rheological properties were evaluated in present work.

Methodology
Materials and Reagents
Clean chicken feathers (CF) were used in this work. First, they were washed with soap and
water, then with an ethanol aqueous solution and finally with pure ethanol for sanitizing
and deodorizing. Once clean, CFs were grinded by using a domestic blender and then
sieved to obtain a homogenous particle size (700 micrometers). Radial structured styrene-
butadiene copolymer (SBS) with 31% styrene content was provided by Dynasol
Elastómeros, Altamira, Tamaulipas, México. EKBE asphalt was donated by CEM Materials
México, Altamira.
Composite preparation
An Intelli-Torque Plasticorder Brabender® mixing chamber with 60 cm3 capacity and
Roller blades was used in the preparation of SBS/CF composite. In this stage the amount of
CF keeps constant. Composites were made by mixing at 80 °C and rotation speed of 50 and
70 rpm.

Preparation of modified asphalt blends

Asphalts blending was carried out using a controlled–temperature heating device and an
IKA–Eurostar Power control-visc 6000 stirrer. Both temperature (190 °C) and speed were
kept constant and a homogeneous dispersion of the modifier was achieved. The amount of
modifier was fixed at 2% wt. Besides, asphalt-CF and asphalt-SBS blends were also
prepared for comparison in order to determine the effect of the type of additive in the blend.
As to composites, the effect of the addition order of the asphalt blends was evaluated, by
adding first the elastomer and then CF (M3) and adding CF first followed by SBS (M4). In
table 1 it is indicated the code and asphalt modified.

Table 1. Codes employed for modified asphalts.

Sample Asphalt with Asphalt with Asphalt with Asphalt with Asphalt with Asphalt with
SBS CF SBS + CF CF +SBS SBS/CF SBS/CF
composite composite
50 rpm 70 rpm
Code M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6

Characterization of Asphalt blends.

Characterization of Physical Properties.
Dynamic viscosity was determined by means of a Brookfield DV-II+ Pro viscometer, using
10.5 g samples with adapted geometry. Measurements were carried out at 135 °C. ASTM
D36 Ring and ball test (R&B) was used to determine the asphalt softening point. Phase
separation test allowed to identify the compatibility between asphalt and modifier. The
mixture was poured into a collapsible tube, then aged at 163 °C for 48 hours and finally
frozen at temperatures below 0 °C. After this procedure a sample was collected from the
top and the bottom part of the test tube. ASTM D5-86 Penetration test was carried out using
a Koeler K95500 penetrometer. Fluorescence microscopy was performed in a Carl Zeiss
Axiotech equipment with 20x magnification.

Characterization through Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (SDT TGA/DSC)

SDT measurements were used to evaluate the thermal stability of asphalt blends. For this
purpose, a TA Instruments Q600 equipment was used to analyze 10±2 mg samples, under
nitrogen purge (100 ml/min) and 10 °C/min heating rate, using platinum pans.

Rheological analysis
Dynamic rheological measurements of asphalt blends were conducted in a TA Instruments
Discovery HR-3 equipment. First, frequency and amplitude sweeps were run to recognize
the linear viscoelastic region. Afterwards, a frequency sweep ranging from 1 to 100 rad/s
was set at 11 different temperatures from 52 to 124 °C with 6 °C intervals. Results were
processed into master curves at the reference temperature.

Results
Physical properties
Table 1 shows the softening point values of the different modified asphalts. It can be
observed that asphalt that presented the highest R&B softening point was the one prepared
with 2% CF, being 1.5 °C higher than the one modified with SBS only. The improvement
in this property indicates that higher temperatures are needed for the material to be
softened, which is a very useful trait for the application of these materials in high
temperature zones. On the other hand, it is observed that the addition order produces a
considerable impact in this property, given that the asphalt prepared by adding SBS first
(M3) showed the lowest softening point, while the one prepared by adding CF first
presented similar values to the asphalts modified with SBS/CF at 50 and 70 rpm. Asphalt
modified with SBS showed the closest value to that of the asphalt modified with CF, which
means that raw CF provide a better modifying effect on the asphalt.
Softening temperature values after the phase separation test exhibited that the difference
between the top and the bottom part of the collapsible tube as less than 1 °C for asphalt
modified with only CF, the lowest value among the tested materials, followed by 2.25 °C,
shown by the asphalt modified with SBS. The rest of the asphalts presented higher
temperature gaps. This behavior indicates that the asphalt blend prepared with raw CF was
the most homogeneous, therefore, the one with the best reinforcing effect compared to the
rest of the asphalts. This behavior is attributed to the interaction between the amino acid
groups of the keratin structure and the polar compounds in the asphalts, such as resins and
asphaltenes. These interactions can be explained by the presence of three different
mechanisms: 1) existence of rigid inclusions, 2) filler–asphalt interfacial effects and 3)
reinforcement due to filler volume produced by particle interaction [4, 15]. Keratin has a
complex structure that leads to an increased mechanical stability in the asphalt blend [16].
Similar behavior between polar particles has been already reported, e.g., nanoclays and
asphalt heavy fractions [15] as well as oyster shell, which are mainly calcium carbonate [4].
However, in the case of CF, a better response in softening temperature and penetration was
achieved.
Penetration test showed that the most rigid material was the asphalt modified with 2% CF,
displaying the lowest penetration value (28 dmm). This rigid consistency implies a reduced
ductility and, thus, it is less likely to suffer mechanical damage [18].

Table 1. Effect of SBS/CF composite and CF on the physical properties of asphalt binder.
Code Softening point, Phase Penetration Rotational
R&B (ºC) separation R&B (dmm) viscosity, 135ºC
(ºC) (cP)
M1 63 2.25 39.6 1460
M2 64.5 <1 28.0 1533
M3 54.2 10 41.1 1275
M4 60 >8 36.5 1430
M5 60 >3 39.8 1290
M6 60 >5 41.6 1202

The viscosity of a dispersed system depends on hydrodynamic interactions between

particles and the fluid, and particle-particle attractions that promote the presence of
aggregates, floccules, or networks that generate an increasing on the Brownian motion [15].
Table 2 shows rotational viscosity values of the asphalt blends at 135 °C. It is observed that
the sample with the highest viscosity was the asphalt modified with 2% CF, slightly
surpassing SBS-modified asphalt, followed by the asphalt modified with SBS/CF prepared
by adding CF first. The sample with the lowest viscosity was the one prepared with 2%
SBS/CF at 50 rpm. As can be seen, the viscosity was also affected by the presence of CF,
since it promotes a better performance. The above mentioned viscosity increase hints the
existence of interactions between keratin and asphalt polar fractions, such as asphaltenes
and resins, as discussed before.

Fluorescent Microscopy
This technique allows to identify the dispersion of modifier particles within the asphalt,
given that particles with better dispersion show no fluorescence. It is knowing that this
property largely depends on the concentration of modified in asphalt. Figure 1 a-f shows
the micrographs of the prepared asphalt blends. CF-modified asphalt can be observed in
Figure 1a, where the absence of fluorescence reveals a homogeneous dispersion attributed
to a compatibility improvement towards asphalt polar components induced by the CF
nature. This phenomenon proves the previously discussed interaction effect. Oppositely,
Figures 1f and 1g showed the strongest fluorescence, suggesting that these samples are
multiphased and therefore, these blends are unstable. Apparently, this is caused by partial
swelling of the rubber in the presence of lighter crude-oil fractions [6]. Previous work
reports that nanoparticles with some functional groups can acts as compatibility activator,
in this case the nature of the keratin, the main component of CF has a similar effect [19,
20].

(a) (b)
 (c) (d)

(e) (f)

(g)
Figura 1. Microscopía fluorescente, a) Asfalto– 2%wt desecho de pollo separado, b) Asfalto–
Composito 70 rpm, c) Asfalto–desecho de pollo d) Asfalto–Composito 50 rpm, e) Asfalto –SBS, f)
Asfalto-2%(SBS + 1phr desecho de pollo) y g) Asfalto–2%(1phr desecho de pollo + SBS).

Moreover, it was found that the SBS and CF addition order also affects the behavior of the
blends, as lower dispersion was observed by adding SBS first. This also confirms what has
been said about the keratin-asphalt interaction, which is higher compared to that of SBS-
asphalt.
 100
––––––– M1
––––––– M2
––––––– M3
––––––– M4
––––––– M5
––––––– M6
80 ––––––– CF
––––––– SBS

60
Weight (%)

40

20

0
30 230 430
Temperature (°C) Universal V4.5A TA Instruments

Figure 2. SDT (DSC/TGA) thermogram for SBS, CF, asphalt-SBS, asphalt-CF.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

The thermal analysis has been probed to be an important tool to evaluate the decomposition
process for asphalt, through the use of curves of loss weight and derivative
Thermogravimetry (DTG).
Figure 2 shows TGA thermograms of the prepared asphalt blends. Raw CF and SBS were
tested independently for comparison. As observed, CF decomposition curve shows a weight
loss stage at the range of 50–250 °C attributed to moisture release, a second one at the
range of 250 – 400 °C assigned to keratin denaturation and disulfide bonds breakdown and
a residue (about 18%) at 1000 °C. SBS thermogram showed a single decomposition stage
ranging from 400 to 500 °C, which is typical in these kind of materials [13].
Asphalt blends prepared with CF presented a weight loss stage from 250 °C to 500 °C with
approximately 15% residue, which is quite similar to that of raw CF. In the region the
decomposition of asphaltenes has been reported before [21]. The multiple decomposition
stages also has been reported for asphalt binders [22]. Given that the similarity of both
decomposition temperatures for CF and asphalts, makes it difficult to identify differences,
the derivative weight loss curve (DTG) was obtained to determine the point with the most
significant weight loss. A derivative weight loss curve can be used to indicate the point at
which weight loss is most apparent. In addition, its quotient allows to determine the blend
susceptibility to decomposition (Figure 3). In the figure 3 it can be observed from the DTG
curve, that total decomposition of the asphalt blends take place in a single stage around 480
°C [23] far beyond the blending temperature and similar to SBS decomposition temperature
[24]. Even when the decomposition temperature of modified asphalts is technically the
same, their quotient show slight variations. The CF-modified asphalt presents a lower
quotient compared to the rest of modified asphalts, which means that it is the least likely to
suffer thermal weight loss. Having said that, CF-modified asphalt is the most stable among
the tested materials. This behavior can be attributed to the keratin structure, the main
component in CF, which make the asphalt more resistant to temperature [23]. The addition
order has a similar effect over the thermal stability, showing an improved compared with
asphalt modified with SBS and with composites.

––––––– M1
––––––– M2
1.8 ––––––– M3
––––––– M4
––––––– M5
––––––– M6
––––––– CF
––––––– SBS

1.3
Deriv. Weight (%/°C)

0.8

0.3

-0.2
30 230 430
Temperature (°C) Universal V4.5A TA Instruments

Figure 3. Derivative curve of loss weight signal obtained from TGA.

Rheology
Complex modulus (G*) and the tangent of the phase angle (tan ) vs. temperature were
determined at a 10 rad/s frequency, since this value is associated with a 100 km/h traffic
speed [6]. Complex modulus vs. temperature of modified asphalts is shown in Figure X. In
this context, complex modulus is related to the asphalt blend stiffness and represents the
resistance to permanent deformation of modified asphalts.
As observed, G* values of modified asphalts are lower than the one of SBS-modified
asphalt (control), being the asphalt modified with 2% CF the blend that comes closest to the
reference value. The lowest values were displayed by the composites prepared at 80 °C
with 50 and 70 rpm mixing speed. The effect of using CF as modifier is more significant
when added alone than added as SBS/CF composite, and it is fairly similar to the effect in
asphalts modified with radial SBS. This means that CF may equal the behavior of higher
rubber loads; however, this study was not carried out in present work. Keratin has a
crosslinked structure that might be similar the that of radial SBS, and can generate that
improve in behavior. The modifying effect becomes more evident above 85 °C, as
previously reported [24, 25]. Since G* indicates the degree of asphalt resistance to
deformation when submitted to stress, it can be inferred that the CF addition as modifier
may be equivalent to the use of radial SBS in a wide range of thermal conditions. This
results obviously did not had been reported before due CF was not studied previously.

M1

M2
1000
M3

M4

100 M5
G*/sen delta _ Kpa

M6

10

0.1
25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115

Temperature °C
Figure 4. Isocronal plots of G*/sen d versus temperature for asphalt modified with SBS/CF
composite and CF

Another important parameter, G*/sin quotient, can be acquired from rheological data to
determine the failure temperature of asphalts, i.e. the temperature at which the
aforementioned parameter equals 1 kPa (Figure 4), also known as TSHRP. Resistance of
modified asphalts to permanent deformation at high temperatures is rheologically described
by TSHRP as a softening point (from the physical perspective); at high temperatures, the
higher TSHRP, the better properties. The results suggest that CF interactions are efficient
enough to affect both thermal and mechanical properties of asphalts, as a consequence of
CF domains dispersion within the asphalt matrix [24] yet the obtained values are not as
high as reported in other works.

Figure 5. Isochronal plots of tan d versus temperature at 10 rad/s for pure and
modified asphalt.

Tan  measurements are generally preferred over G* due to their higher sensitivity to
physical changes and asphalts chemical structure. Figure 5 shows the tan d isochronal
curves at the same angular frequency applied for G* curves. It is observed that the elastic
response of modified asphalts with CF is better compared with SBS-modified asphalt,
showing that the elastic modulus y higher that the viscous modulus. The elastic nature of
the asphalt is reduced as the temperature increases, since the phase angle reaches an
asymptotic value of 90 degrees, indicating that the asphalt behavior shifts from elastic to
viscous. CF-modified asphalt the lowest tan d value (even lower than the one of SBS-
modified asphalt above 85 °C), suggesting that it will show a better elastic response before
flowing.
Radial SBS-modified asphalts, those modified with composite prepared at 80 °C and 70
rpm and CF-modified ones present no elastic-viscous behavior shift, opposite to the rest of
the materials, which show this transition with increasing tan d above 80 °C. The later
behavior implies that the materials would not withstand stress and thus, they are prone to
develop failures like ruts, fractures and crackings.

CONCLUSIONS
The inclusion of CF particles as asphalt modifier showed an improvement of its physical
and rheological properties, even compared with SBS the most used elastomers to modified
asphalts, which implies the CF can compete with this material as asphalt modifier. The
physical properties as softing temperature, penetration, phase separation showed an good
behavior increasing the asphalt stability and stiffness. The rheology shows that CF and
SBS/CF composites have a god behavior almost similar with asphalt modified with SBS,
also the addition order of SBS and CF has an effect over the phyisal properties and
rheological behavior. This improvement in asphalt is attributed to the interaction between
functional groups of keratine, the main component of CF and heavy fractions of asphalt like
asphaltenes and resines.

AKNOWKLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank to Eng. Edgar Ramíez, Eng. Fabian Martínez and R. Abel Gaspar
from TA instruments for facilities to carry out the rheolgical measurements, also to
Tecnológico Nacional de México (TECNM) for financial support with project code
6687.18-P.

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Highlights

Highlights:
- For first time the chicken feathers were employed as asphalt modifier
- The physical properties of modified asphalt using chicken feathers, showed an
improvement compared with asphalt modified with SBS.
- The rheological behavior of modified asphalt with chicken feather is almost similar
to SBS as modifier.
- The addition order of chicken feather and SBS has an influence in modified asphalt
with composites.
Graphical Abstract