OSPE REVISION 1, A SO year old farmer was admitted to the emergency department with history of fever, headache, abdominal pain, and reduced urine output for past 5 days. He gave occupational history of working in paddy fields during monsoon which Was infested with many rats. On examination patient was icteric with hepatomegaly and conjuctival suffusion. Urine sample was collected and sent to microbiology department for further evaluation, Dark ground microscopy revealed numerous coiled structures with hooked ends. Question: 1, Identify the etiological agent and provide the clinical diagnosis (2) Write the mode of transmission for this condition? Q) 3. Name any two culture media used to isolate this organism (2) » - Name the gold standard method used in the diagnosis of this condition Q) - Mention the DOC to treat this disease (2) 2. 40 year old male presented to the opd with history of fever, severe headache, severe joint pain and pain around eyes for past 4 days. On examination, the temperature was 103° F and maculopapular rashes were observed on the chest and upper limbs. Blood sample was collected and sent to laboratory for various investigations. Complete blood count showed reduced platelet count (40,000/mm*) with hemoconcentration. Questions: 1. Name of the vector causing this disease and provide the clinical diagnosis? Q) 2.Name the three clinical stages of WHO (2) 3. Name the highly specific antigen detection methods used to diagnose this condition? (2)4. Name any one antibody detection method used for its identification? (2) 5. How do you treat this condition? (2) 3. 30 year old male presented to the OPD with fever, headache and altered sensorium for the past 5 days. On examination patient was disoriented and febrile with neck rigidity. Kemig’s sign was found to be positive. Gram stain of the CSF sample revealed Lanceolate shaped Gram positive cocci in pairs and short chains. Capsular staining was positive for this organism. Questions: 1. Identify the etiological agent and provide the clinical diagnosis? (2) 2. Mention any two predisposing factors of this condition? (2) 3. Name any two virulence factors which is involved in its pathogenesis (2) 4, Which two culture media should be used to isolate this organism? (2) 5. Mention the Drug of choice to treat this condition? (2) 4,28 year old female presented to the OPD with complaints of vomiting and painless profuse watery diarrhoea for 2 days (10 times/day). Stool sample was collected and sent to Microbiology lab. On examination sample was rice watery in appearance without any blood. Direct microscopy showed Darting motility of the organism. 1. Identify the etiological agent and provide the clinical diagnosis? (2) 2. Name the three serotypes of this organism (2) 3. Write the Gram’s stain finding of this bacteria? (1) 4, Mention any two culture media used to isolate the organism? (1)5. What are the vaccines that are available to prevent this condition? (1) 5.35 year old male Presented to the OPD with complaints of lethargy and pain over epigastrium for past 14days and the pain was on and off and it is relieved by taking food and antacids. On investigation his Urea breath test was found to be positive and multiple ulcers were found in the antral region of gastric mucosa in endoscopy. Biopsy from gastric mucosa was taken and sent for microbiology and histopathological examination for further investigation, Questions: \. Identify the etiological agent and mention the clinical diagnosis (2) 2. Mention two risk factors which predispose this condition (2) 3. Write the Gram stain finding of this bacteria (2) 4. Mention any two non-invasive test to diagnose this condition? (2) 5. How will you treat this condition (2) 6. 42 year old male presented to the OPD with complaints 8f swelling of right ower limb for past 3years. On examination patient had thickened skin and non pitting edema on elevation of the right lower limb with inguinal lymphadenopathy. Peripheral smear showed sheathed microfilariae without any nuclei at the tail tip. Questions: 1. Identify the etiological agent and provide the clinical diagnosis (2) 2. Mention the vector and infective stage for humans (2) 3. Name any two complications caused by this disease (2) © 4.Name any two diagnostic tests used to identify this condition (2)5. Mention DOC to treat this condition (2) 7. 40 year old male presented to the opd with history of fever, headache and rashes which appeared on the 5"" day over the trunk and then involving the entire body except the palms and soles. He gives history of trekking 2 weeks ago. On examination the patient had heptosplenomegaly and eschar in his lower extremity. Questions; 1. Identify the etiological agent and the vector causing this disea 2. What is the provisional diagnosis? (1) 3. Mention two specific serological tests to diagnose this condition? (2) 4. Write about the heterophile test used to diagnose this condition? (2) 5. Which part of egg js it cultivated and what is the drug of choice for this condition? (3) 8. 40 year old male presented with complaints of painless swelling over the jaw for the past few weeks. On examination there is multiple discharging sinuses at the site of infection with white coloured sulphur granules. Granules were collected and sent to microbiology laboratory for further investigation Questions: 1. What is the provisional diagnosis and Mention the etiological agent (2) 2. What is the mode of transmission? (2) 3. Write the Gram’s stain findings of this bacteria? (2) 4. Mention two culture media used to cultivate this bacteria? (2) 5. How do you treat this condition? (2)9. A New bom was presented to the Pediatric OPD by his mother with history of continuous mucopurulent discharge from the right eye after 2 days of normal vaginal delivery. Mother had genital infection during child birth. On investigation cell line culture showed inclusion bodies under microscopy. Questi 1, Identify the etiological agent and provide the clinical diagnosis? (2) 2, Write the Gram’s stain findings of this bacteria? (2) 3. Mention the cell line used to cultivate this organism? (2) 4. Name one antigen detection method used in its diagnosis? (2) 5. Mention the DOC to treat this condition? (2) 10. A 20 year old male presented to the emergency department with a wound on the upper arm. He gave history of bite by a street dog. The local wound treatment was given, followed by local application of povidone-iodine, antiseptic. The wound was left open. He was given tetanus toxoid. The dog died four days after. aot Questions: ; 4 1. Besides local treatment, what else should have done in this case? (2) > 2, Which laboratory test can be done for diagnosis in an animal? (2) 3. Name the gold standard method used in the diagnosis of this condition (2) 4, Name the vaccines which can be used for prophylaxis in-this case? (2) TT 4 “ye Ri 5. Is passive immunisation also available for the disease related to this case? (2)pw BE pee se ao a wep eee wes >, Write the Gram’s stain findings of this bacteria? (2 ) 3. Mention the cell line used to cultivate this organism? (2) 4, Name one antigen detection method used in its diagnosis? (2) 5, Mention the DOC to treat this condition? (2) iting. blood loss of appetite, nausea. vom 10. A 40 year old woman presented with She had received multiple 2 days. She had been passing high coloured urine. She had elevated levels of serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. abdominal pain and fatigue for past 1 transfusions over the past five months. Questions: 1 Identify the etiological agent and provide the clinical diagnosis (2) 2. Write the mode of transmission causing this disease(2) 3. Name any three viral markers of this condition(2) 4. Name the molecular marker used in its detection? (2) 5. How do you prevent this condition (2) /Leptospi 1. L. interrogans, Leptospirosis 2. Indirect contact with water, moist soil and wet surfaces contaminated with animal urine or Direct contact with urine and products of parturition, placenta of infected animals 3. EMJH liquid medium (Ellinghausen, McCullough, Johnson, Harris), Korthof’s medium and Fletcher's semisolid medium. (Any two) 4. Serovar-specific test (Microscopic agglutination test, MAT): It detects antibodies against specific serovars of L. interrogans. 5. Penicillin is the drug of choice (1.5 million units LV, four times a day for 7 days). Dengue hemorrhagic fever 1. Aedes aegypti, Dengue hemorthagie fever 2. Dengue fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome 3. NSI Antigen Detection 4. ELISA 5. There is no specific antiviral therapy. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive such as:Replacement of plasma losses, Correction of electrolyte and metabolic disturbances and Platelet transfusion if needed. Bacterial meningitis 1. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacterial meningitis 2. Otitis media, alcoholism, diabetes, splenectomy, complement deficiency. hypogammaglobulinemia, and head trauma (ANY TWO ) 3. Capsular polysaccharide, C-carbohydrate antigen, Pneumolysin, Autolysin (Any two) 4, Blood agar, Chocolate agar 5. Cefiriaxone/Cefotaxime + vancomycin is given for 10-14 days