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GENESIS
(Post Graduation Medical orientation Centre)
Exam : CVS Physiology (Exam Batch January'25)
Course: FCPS Part-1 Discipline: Surgery & Allied
Batch: Online P-1 Surgery Exam Plus Batch-3 Jan'2025
Year: 2025 Session: January'25 P-1 Candidate
(1 of 50 )
Depolarization phase of cardiac muscle action potential-
a) Cardiac cell is stimulated and depolarizes
b) Membrane potential becomes more negative
c) Voltage gated sodium channels open
d) Membrane potential reaches about +20 millivolts before the sodium channels close.
e) Calcium channels open and fast potassium channels close
(2 of 50 )
Absolute refractory period in the ventricles
a) Corresponds to the period of ventricular depolarization.
b) Corresponds to the period of ventricular contraction.
c) Is the period when the ventricles are completely unexcitable.
d) Is shorter than the corresponding atrial muscle.
e) Decrease during stimulation of the vagus nerve to the heart.
(3 of 50 ) During protodiastolic period there is
a) Closure of semilunar valve
b) Opening of A-V valve
c) Production of 2nd heart sound
d) Isometric relaxation of ventricle
e) Isotonic contraction of ventricle
(4 of 50 )
An increase in systemic arterial BP leads to
a) A decrease in cardiac output
b) A decrease in stroke volume
c) An increase in ESV
d) An increase in the velocity at which blood is ejected from the left ventricle
e) An increase in wall tension in the left ventricular muscle
(5 of 50 )
Factor causes vasodilation-
a) Prostacyclin
b) Neuropeptide Y
c) ANP
d) Kinins
e) Serotonin
(6 of 50 )
Factors regulating cardiac output--
a) Increased afterload increases CO
b) Increased preload increases CO
c) Heart rate >180 increase CO
d) Bradycardia decreases CO
e) Heart rate <180 increase CO
(7 of 50 )
Heart rate accelerated by:
a) Inspiration
b) Stimulation of pain fibers in trigeminal nerve
c) Fear
d) Grief
e) Increasct actigity of barorecepor
(8 of 50 )
The dicrotic notch-
a) A small oscillation on the falling phase
b) Caused by vibration setup when the aortic valve snaps shut
c) Palpable at the wrist
d) Visible if pressure wave is recorded
e) Produce by the closure of pulmonary valve
(9 of 50 )
End diastolic volume depend on
a) Venous return
b) EF
c) Filling time
d) Generation of rhytm
e) Relaxation of ventricle
(10 of 50 )
Cardio-Vascular changes during moderate exercise
a) TPR decrease
b) SBP decrease
c) DBP increase
d) Pulse pressure increase
e) End systolic volume decrease
(11 of 50 ) Regarding pulse pressure
a) It indicates CO
b) Indicates constant load against which heart works
c) Strength of pulse related to pulse pressure
d) Atherosclerosis decrease pulse pressure
e) Increase in elderly
(12 of 50 )
A sudden increase in right atrial volume will result in an increase in
a) ADH secretion
b) Heart rate
c) ANP secretion
d) Cardiac output
e) Diameter of afferent arterioles of kidney
(13 of 50 ) Local metabolic activity is the chief factor determining the rate of blood
flow to the-
a) Heart
b) Skin
c) Skeletal muscle
d) Lung
e) Kidney
(14 of 50 )
ECG changes in hypocalcaemia includes-
a) ST segment depression
b) ST segment prolongation
c) Prolong QRS complex
d) Loss of P wave
e) Prolong QT interval
(15 of 50 )
Following are the casuse of cyanotic heart disease?
a) Coarctation of aorta
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Bicuspid aortic valves
d) Single ventricle
e) Left heart hypoplasia
(16 of 50 )
On chest X-ray, left cardiac silhouette is formed by-
a) Pulmonary trunk
b) Left atrium
c) Left auricle
d) Aortic arch
e) Right ventricle
(17 of 50 )
Chemoreceptors are stimulated by:
a) Blood pressure
b) Hypoxia
c) Hypocapnia
d) Acidosis
e) Hypercapnia
(18 of 50 )
The valsalva manaeuver is followed by an decrease in
a) Intrapleural pressure
b) Intra-abdominal pressure
c) Cardiac output
d) Arterial blood volume
e) Heart rate
(19 of 50 )
Arterial pulse-
a) Strong in aortic incompetence
b) Weak in aged person
c) Weak in shock
d) Increase after histamine injection
e) Calculated by mean pressure
(20 of 50 )
During cardiac cycle
a) Systole begins in the left atrium
b) First heart sound is heard in protodiastole
c) Atrial and ventricular systole occur simultaneously
d) The contracting ventricles shorten from apex to base.
e) The atrioventricular (A-V) valves open at the beginning of systole
(21 of 50 )
ECG changes associated with hypokalemia-
a) Reduced P wave height
b) Shortened P-R interval
c) Prolonged QRS complex
d) S-T segment depression
e) Inverted T- waves
(22 of 50 ) Following vessels contain vasa vasorum
a) Large artery
b) Small artery
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
e) Capillaries
(23 of 50 )
Microvasculature consists structures of the following
a) Medium sized arteries
b) Arterioles
c) Capillary network
d) Post capillary venules
e) Vein
(24 of 50 ) Amplitude of pulse pressure in the aorta is directly proportional to-
a) Total peripheral resistance
b) Aortic compliance
c) Stroke volume
d) Elasticity of vessel wall
e) Heart rate
(25 of 50 )
The volume receptors of circulatory system (Jan-11)
a) Are required for effective regulation of blood volume
b) Are confined to right atrium
c) Influence renal function
d) Inflcnce secretion of ADH
e) Influence secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
(26 of 50 ) Which of the following contributes to the platue phase of the action
potential of ventricular muscle fibers?
a) Na+ influx
b) K+ influx
c) Ca2+ influx
d) K+ efflux
e) Na+ efflux
(27 of 50 ) When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which
of the following compensatory changes occurs?
a) Decreased heart rate
b) Increased contractility
c) Decreased total peripheral resistance(TPR)
d) Decreased cardiac output
e) Increased PR intervals
(28 of 50 )
At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest?
a) Aorta
b) Central vein
c) Pulmonary artery
d) Right atrium
e) Renal artery
(29 of 50 )
A 72-year-old woman, who is being treated with propranolol, finds that she cannot
maintain her previous exercise routine. Her physician explains that the drug has
reduced her cardiac output. Blockade of which receptor is responsible for the decrease
in cardiac output?

a) α1 Receptors
b) β1 Receptors
c) β2 Receptors
d) Muscarinic receptors
e) Nicotinic receptors
(30 of 50 )
Carbon dioxide (CO2) regulates blood flow to which one of the following organs?
a) Heart
b) Skin
c) Brain
d) Skeletal muscle at rest
e) Skeletal muscle during exercise
(31 of 50 )
During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest?
a) Atrial systole
b) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
c) Rapid ventricular ejection
d) Reduced ventricular ejection
e) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
(32 of 50 ) Which of the following normally has a slowly depolarizing “prepotential”?
a) Sinoatrial node
b) Atrial muscle cells
c) Bundle of His
d) Purkinje fibers
e) Ventricular muscle cells
(33 of 50 )
A patient comes to you with her ECG report, during analyzing her report you find tall T
wave with prolonged QRS and PR interval, what will be your diagnosis-
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypomagnesemia
d) Hypocalcemia
e) Hypernatremia
(34 of 50 )
Which part of the ECG represents atrial depolarization?

a) P wave
b) Q wave
c) T wave
d) QRS complex
e) P-R interval
(35 of 50 )
Conduction speed is highest in which of the following cardiac tissue-
a) SA node
b) Atrial pathways
c) AV node
d) Purkinje system
e) Ventricular muscle
(36 of 50 )
A 65-year-old man is admitted for a below knee amputation. He is taking digoxin.
Clinically the patient has an irregularly irregular pulse. What would you expect to see
when you examine the jugular venous pressure?
a) Absent y waves
b) Slow y descent
c) Cannon waves
d) Steep y descent
e) Absent a waves
(37 of 50 )
Under Basal Conditions In which organ or tissue found highest percentage of CO?
a) Brain
b) Heart
c) Bronchi
d) Kidneys
e) Liver
(38 of 50 ) During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?
a) Atrial systole
b) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
c) Rapid ventricular ejection
d) Reduced ventricular ejection

e) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

(39 of 50 )
Action potential travels from membrane to interior of the cell through:
a) Sarcomere
b) T- Tubules
c) Z - Band
d) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
e) A - Band
(40 of 50 ) Which of the following Ionic component that dilates vessel wall?
a) Increased Na+
b) Increased K+
c) Decreased K+
d) Increased Mg++
e) Decreased H+
(41 of 50 )
Capillaries have the largest cross sectional surface area in the body & are surrounded
by long process contractile cell that secrets ECM. The contraction cell is
a) Endothelial cells
b) Pericytes
c) Podocytes
d) Pinocytic vesicles
e) Basement membrane
(42 of 50 ) The atrial muscle of the heart produces a hormone that-
a) Decreases blood pressure
b) Increases blood pressure
c) Causes vasoconstriction
d) Facilitates the release of renin
e) Facilitates sodium resorption in the kidneys
(43 of 50 )
An increase in contractility is demonstrated on a Frank–Starling diagram by-
a) Increased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
b) Increased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume
c) Decreased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
d) Decreased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume

e) Volume and pressure, isovolumetric contraction occurs from point

(44 of 50 )
Which of the following is an effect of histamine?
a) Decreased capillary filtration
b) Vasodilation of the arterioles
c) Vasodilation of the veins
d) Decreased Pc
e) Interaction with the muscarinic receptors on the blood vessels
(45 of 50 )
Heart rate is slowed by-
a) Fear
b) Hypoxia
c) Inspiration
d) Fever
e) Decreased activity of arterial baroreceptors
(46 of 50 )
If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in-
a) Cardiac output
b) Heart rate
c) Pulse pressure
d) Stroke volume
e) Systolic pressure
(47 of 50 )
Which of the following is the equivalent of cardiac preload?
a) End diastolic volume
b) Stroke volume
c) Systemic vascular resistance
d) Mean arterial pressure
e) Peak systolic arterial pressure
(48 of 50 )
The dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve is caused by-
a) Closure of the mitral valve
b) Closure of the tricuspid valve
c) Closure of the aortic valve
d) Closure of the pulmonary valve
e) Rapid filling of the left ventricle
(49 of 50 )
Where are the arterial baroreceptors located?
a) Carotid sinus and aortic arch
b) Carotid sinus only
c) Superior vena cava
d) External carotid artery
e) None of the above
(50 of 50 )
Which are the resistance vessels?
a) Large veins
b) Capillaries
c) Venules
d) Arch of aorta
e) Arterioles