UNIT 4: WWII (1939-1945)
Key Words
Hiroshima & Atlantic Wall = The Manhattan The Enola Gay = Fat Man = The
Nagasaki = The An extensive Project = Top A superfortress second atomic
show of USA’s system of coastal secret project led by headed off for bomb that was
power as they fortifications built the US to develop Hiroshima dropped on
dropped a bomb on by Germans the first atomic Nagasaki
these two cities between 1942-1944 bomb
Little Boy = The Juno Beach = A Caen = Canadian Operation Husky VE Day = The day
first atomic bomb beach that Canada soldiers helped = A battle in sicily Germans formally
that was dropped on was given the catch Caen & mainland italy surrendered (8 may
Hiroshima responsibility to 1945)
invade
VJ Day = 14 Crimes Against Nuremburg Conscription = Victory Bonds =
August 1945 when Humanity = Trials = 1945-1949 When citizens are A loan supporting
japan finally serious crimes were trials for war forced to serve in the war that gives
surrendered committed as a crimes of Nazi the military by law the citizens a chance
(Victory-In-Japan) large scale attack officials to make a profit
back
War Measures C.D Howe = Zombies = SS St.Louis = a Hyde Park
Act = allowed Minister Of Canadian soldiers passenger boat left Declaration = As
government to Munitions & who only were germany carrying part of their
suspend Canadien’s Supplies [organized required to defend 900+ jewish refugee Lend-lease
rights in case of a Canada’s war Canada (not over escaping Nazi Agreement with the
national emergency economy] seas) persecution - were UK, the US agreed
bound in Cuba to buy $1B in
[They were denied Canadian products
entry] to help support our
economy during the
war
Enemy Aliens = Rationing = Wartime Prices
Descendents or Voluntary reduction & Trade Board =
immigrants from in amount of food used to control
enemy countries prices & supervise
that are the distribution of
discriminated food & scare goods
(Japanese/german/
Italian)
Kristallnacht = “night Nuremberg Laws = Concentration Camps Death Camps = camps
of the broken glass” A racist laws (anti-semitism) = camps used to oppress that young/old or
violent attack against that enabled the Nazi enslaved, & starve the “useless” jews or war
German Jews prisoners (eventually led prisoners would be sent to
to mass murder) die (usually by gas
chambers)
Genocide = the Death Marches = Anti-Semitism = Zyklon B Gas =
systematic Nazis ordered marches discrimination towards became the agent in the
extermination of a over long distances jewish people mass extermination
nationality (375,000 died in death
or group. marches)
Auschwitz = a big & Ghettos = Designated Final Solution =
complex concentration in areas used to isolate jews Wannsee Conference,
poland (by Germany) from the rest of society Called for the complete &
mass annihilation and
extermination of the Jews
as well as other groups.
Rise Of Fascism Key Term
Beer Hall Putch Reichstag Fire Enabling Law Night of Long Nuremberg Laws
(1923) = (1933) = The Nazis (1933) = a new Knives (1934) = (1935) = stripped
? secretly set fire to emergency Hitler realized he German jews of
the parliament legislation called couldn’t control the their citizenship &
building (reichstag) the “Enabling act” SA. [So in June of their professions
[Hitler spread a [He suspended the 1934 his troops (Made it illegal for
rumor that it was activities of the raided the SA them to marry
the communist Reichstag & killing 1000 men & non-jews)
party that set fire] Banned other their leader] (Their property
political parties] was confiscated by
the Nazis)
Kristallnacht Lebensraum = Anschluss = The Rhineland = Nazi - Soviet
(1938) = “night of Living space (Hitler German soldiers in 3 German battalions Pact (1939) = a
the broken glass” A told the German tanks & armored crossed the bridges secret meeting
violent attack people that they vehicles roared over the Rhine & between German
against German need room to grow) across the German- entered the Foreign Minister &
Jews Austrian border industrial Soviet Foreign
Had no resistance heartland of Minister
(some places Germany (aka The They agreed not to
welcomed them) Rhineland) go to war against
each other for 10
years
[They both divided
up poland]
Appeasement = a
negotiation with a
aggressive power to
avoid conflict
The Dictators of the 1930s
Italy Soviet Union Germany Japan Spain
Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Adlof Hitler hirohito Franciso Franco
Different Ideologies & How they differ from Democracy
Democracy = Government of the people & people elect their leaders
Totalitarianism ● Government led by a dictator
● Total control over many aspects of people's lives
Fascism ● authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing - private ownership
system of government and social organization (dictator leader)
Communism/ ● Government owns industries & farmers (goal isn’t equality to
Socialism people)
● Goal = to have a classes society with no rich or poor
Start Of WWII
Causes Responsibility for WWII
Treaty Of ● Humiliated Germany
Versailles ● They considered their losses of territory & reparation payments was
unfair
● War Guilt Clause was seen as a strain of the honor of all Germans
● Hitler sought revenge once her came to power
Economic ● The Great depression (Hit Germany the hardest) - ½ of the population
Problems was unemployed
● Weimar Republic (replaced German Monarchy) printed millions of
dollars
● Hyper inflation & devolution,
● Printed in large sums for Reparations
● Product prices skyrocketed everyday
● German mark (currency) became worthless
German ● National Socialist German Workers Party (aka Nazi) was established
Nationalism in 1920s top oppose communism & to help Germany w/ the depression &
to promote nationalism
● Hitler promised to restore Germany to world leadership (Aryans =
Master race & deserved to rule the world)
● When Hitler became chancellor he expanded the german army & air
force
Rise Of Fascism ● In 1930s europe was affected by the rise of fascist dictators due to The
Great Depression people were willing to give their democratic rights:
Freedom of speech, Freedom to organize political parties, freedom of
movement
● Used Racism & Nationalism to win over citizens
Failure Of The ● Failed to bring permanent peace
League Of ● They would discuss/diplomacy between countries. But a member went to
Nations war against another the other members would boycott that country
(refuse to trade)
● United states adopted a foreign policy of Isolationism = where a country
doesn’t get involved in conflicts that do not directly affect their nation
● League of Nations were worried standing against the fascists countries
could provoke another world war - The fascist leaders took advantage
of this
● League of nations had no real power - used appeasement when
dealing w/ Hitler
Conditions In Germany during 1930s
1. Unemployment
2. Hyperinflation
3. Anti-semtism
4. The Depression it hard
5. Small business were struggling
6. People needed hope
7. Farmers were not profiting
Hitler’s Attitude
● Jewish people = believed that the Germans were the master race and blamed the jewish people for
everything
● Treaty of Versailles = He wanted to take revenge on the allies for putting Germany in a tough
situation
● Germany as the Master Race = He adopted the word Aryans as the master race, and said that
everyone else was to be racially impure
Immediate cause of WWII
● The invasion of poland (1939)
Blitzkrieg (Means: lightning war) = a strategy that relied on fast, strong
attacks using air raids, artillery, and tanks
When Did Canada Declare War & Significance
Canada declared war on September 10, 1939.
Significance = The decision to declare war was made independent of Britain. The Statute of Westminster
(1931) gave Canada greater decision making abilities.
Members of the 2 Alliances
Axis powers Allied
Germany Great Britain
Italy United States
Japan Soviet Union
China
2 Techs that helped turn the tide of war
1. The Atomic Bomb
2. Radar
Explain the following
Power of words Hitler wrote about the destiny of the German master race to rule over
inferior races or as he commonly described them, as
“deadly poison” and “vermin.”
By-stander vs Anyone who opposed him was gathered by the Gestapo (secret police) and
Collaborator the Schutzstaffel (SS). - people who sided with hitler
Many Germans feared for their own safety and turned a blind eye to what
was happening. - those who just watched
Anti-semitism anti-Semitism became state policy. Nazis unjustly blamed Jews for causing
many of Germany’s problems: unemployment, The depression, Germany’s
defeat in WW1
The Stages of isolation 1. Stripping of right: Stripped of German citizenship, Fired from
jobs & their businesses boycotted. Etc
2. Segregation: Forced to live in ghettos and be isolated from society
(and separated from the family) and experience annihilation by
work
3. Concentration Camps: Possessions were confiscated, Heads
were shaved, Arms were tattooed with a registration number,
treated like prisoners, inhumane medical experiments
4. Extermination: death factories, euthanasia program,
Einsatzgruppen
2 battles in WWII
Escape at Dunkirk ● Facts =
Operation Dynamo - Germany tried to capture paris
1940 - Forced british & canadian armies back to the english channel
- Hitler ordered attack to stop a Dunkirk (wanted the british to
surrender)
- British & Canadian armies are saved by England fishing boats -
operation Dynamo
● Important =
- Hitler allowed troops to “escape” at dunkirk (hopes british PM
will make a deal)
- Allows hitler to march unopposed into paris and force the french
to surrender
- Escape allows the allies to continue the war
Battle of Britain ● Facts =
Operation Sea lion - Operation Sea Lion - Hitler’s planned invasion of england
1940 - Germany wanted to gain control of the british air space and
destroy the RAF
- Wanted to destroy British war Industry
- The London “Blitz” kills thousands of londoners
- RAF responds by bombing German cities
● Important =
- First failure of hitler’s war machine (realized allies were better
equipped than expected)
- First and only battle of WWII on british soil
- RAF was well trained & superior to the luftwaffe (Hitler calls off
operation sea lion in october 1940)
Ways Canadians supported the war
1. Income tax
2. Victory bonds
3. Victory loan drives
4. Collect materials for the soldiers (rubber/glass/bones etc)
5. Victory gardens
Purpose of Propaganda Posters
● Keep the spirits high
● To sensor info
● To persuade people to help
Wartime Information board
Created by the government =
● Wrote stories and provided information and photographs to newspapers and magazines.
● Explained how well Canadian forces were doing.
● Even comic books carried the message that Canadians must pull together to fight the enemy.
Censorship during the war
Military censors = read all letters written by members of the armed forces to make sure they contained
no information that could help the enemy; letters written to soldiers who were in POW camps.
Speeches on the radio and stories written in the newspaper and magazines were controlled and edited by
the WIB to prevent sensitive information from being passed on to the enemy.
Camp X = was a training camp responsible for training recruits for the Special Operations
Executive of the British Security Coordination during World War II.
BCATP (British CommonWealth Air Training Plan)
Between 1940 – 1945, air crews, pilots, wireless operators and air gunners from all over the
Commonwealth were brought to Canada to train.
- One of Canada’s largest contributions to the war.
Opportunities for Women in WWII
● Nurses
● Their pay raise
● Women divisions
● Married women & mothers could now work
● munitions factories, shipyards and construction sites.
● Part of the army, air force, and navy
Elsie McGill & Significance
Known as the “Queen of the hurricanes” and was a canadian engineer
The Japanese Candians in 1942
4 criterias for the D-Day invasion
1. The enemy must remain ignorant of
the proposed landing site.
2. The enemy must be prevented from
bringing up reinforcements
quickly once the allies landed.
3. Complete Allied air and naval
superiority in the English Channel.
4. Local defenses must largely be
destroyed by air and sea
bombardment.
Liberation of the Netherlands/Battle of the scheldt
After five weeks of difficult fighting, the First Canadian Army with support from other countries was
successful in securing the Scheldt Estuary.
▪ It took numerous amphibious assaults, crossing of canals, and fighting over open ground.
▪ Both land and water were mined, and the Germans defended their retreating line with artillery and
snipers. The Allies finally cleared the port areas on November 8, but at a cost of 12,873 Allied casualties
(killed, wounded, or missing), half of them Canadians.
Canada’s Contribution to the Manhattan project
The project involved scientists from Canada, the United Kingdom and Europe.
End of the war timeline
Liberation liberating The final
of northwest the scheldt days - hitler
europe estuary committed
suicide
June 6th September April 1945 May 8th August 6th August 9th August 15th
1944 1944 1945 1945 1945 1945
